46:
33:
422:
The micronuclear genome has also been sequenced, and contains about 3,500 scrambled genes. Scrambled genes are genes whose individual segments are located in different parts of the micronuclear genome, and therefore have to be "unscrambled" during the DNA editing step into a conventional gene in the
414:
of the macronucleus are also unusually short. The macronuclear genome encodes about 18,500 genes, but these are distributed on 16,000 chromosomes, which are called nanochromosomes due to their length. Because of their unusually short nanochromosomes, most of which contain only a single gene, they
396:
is the first species sequenced with an unusually high degree of fragmentation in its macronuclear genome. Up to 96% of the micronuclear genome is eliminated during the differentiation into a macronucleus; in comparison, in other ciliates like
392:, which are only active during sexual reproduction but are otherwise transcriptionally inactive. Macronuclei are formed by the differentiation of micronuclei, which usually involves some degree of RNA-mediated DNA editing.
739:"Characterization and Taxonomic Validity of the Ciliate Oxytricha trifallax (Class Spirotrichea) Based on Multiple Gene Sequences: Limitations in Identifying Genera Solely by Morphology"
688:
Swart, Estienne C.; Nowacki, Mariusz; Shum, Justine; Stiles, Heather; Higgins, Brian P.; Doak, Thomas G.; Schotanus, Klaas; Magrini, Vincent J.; Minx, Patrick (2012-01-01).
430:
genome has also been sequenced, and is the largest known ciliate mitochondrial genome, with a length of about 70 kbp. Like other ciliate mitochondrial genomes, those of
423:
macronuclear genome. More than 225,000 individual DNA segments have to be unscrambled during the development of a macronuclear genome from its micronuclear precursor.
499:
Swart, Estienne C.; Bracht, John R.; Magrini, Vincent; Minx, Patrick; Chen, Xiao; Zhou, Yi; Khurana, Jaspreet S.; Goldman, Aaron D.; Nowacki, Mariusz (2013-01-29).
639:
Chen, Xiao; Bracht, John R.; Goldman, Aaron David; Dolzhenko, Egor; Clay, Derek M.; Swart, Estienne C.; Perlman, David H.; Doak, Thomas G.; Stuart, Andrew (2014).
312:
242:
482:(Foissner, Blatterer, Berger & Kohmann, 1991) Foissner, Blatterer, Berger & Kohmann, 1991. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at:
966:
263:
737:
Zoller, Stephen D.; Hammersmith, Robert L.; Swart, Estienne C.; Higgins, Brian P.; Doak, Thomas G.; Herrick, Glenn; Landweber, Laura F. (2012).
434:
are linear molecules and contain a number of split genes. Their mitochondria also possess a separate plasmid, which may have been involved in
979:
873:
223:
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136:
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582:
Jung, S.; Swart, E. C.; Minx, P. J.; Magrini, V.; Mardis, E. R.; Landweber, L. F.; Eddy, S. R. (2011-09-01).
641:"The Architecture of a Scrambled Genome Reveals Massive Levels of Genomic Rearrangement during Development"
927:
501:"The Oxytricha trifallax Macronuclear Genome: A Complex Eukaryotic Genome with 16,000 Tiny Chromosomes"
45:
1020:
994:
891:
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945:
803:"In one of nature's innovations, a single cell smashes and rebuilds its own genome"
758:
750:
709:
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652:
611:
595:
584:"Exploiting Oxytricha trifallax nanochromosomes to screen for non-coding RNA genes"
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838:
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83:
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389:
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234:
126:
705:
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255:
230:
559:"This Bizarre Organism Builds Itself a New Genome Every Time It Has Sex"
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116:
32:
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96:
57:
809:
360:, known for its highly fragmented genomes which have been used as a
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852:
484:
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=427777
404:
373:
351:
106:
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only about 30% is eliminated. The macronuclear genome has a
638:
687:
498:
458:
supports the original classification as a species of
454:
on the basis of morphological characteristics, but a
581:
438:during the evolution of the mitochondrial genome.
1035:
690:"The Oxytricha trifallax Mitochondrial Genome"
478:Warren, A. (2019). World Ciliophora Database.
415:have been used as a model organism to study
450:has been contested. It was reclassified as
441:
31:
762:
713:
664:
615:
534:
516:
419:and to screen for non-coding RNA genes.
1036:
814:
813:
995:4c51129e-3159-4025-943d-f006ac5010dd
494:
492:
380:has two different types of nuclei:
13:
783:
14:
1065:
489:
16:Species of single-celled organism
44:
311:(Horwath, 1958) Dragesco &
730:
681:
632:
575:
551:
472:
1:
465:
755:10.1016/j.protis.2011.12.006
694:Genome Biology and Evolution
518:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473
7:
367:
10:
1070:
1044:Protists described in 1859
933:Sterkiella_histriomuscorum
904:Sterkiella histriomuscorum
657:10.1016/j.cell.2014.07.034
480:Sterkiella histriomuscorum
452:Sterkiella histriomuscorum
341:Sterkiella histriomuscorum
169:Sterkiella histriomuscorum
25:Sterkiella histriomuscorum
902:
822:
388:and gene expression, and
285:Oxytricha histriomuscorum
247:Gellért & Tamás, 1958
219:
212:
165:
158:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
442:Taxonomy and systematics
436:horizontal gene transfer
384:, which are the site of
151:S. histriomuscorum
588:Nucleic Acids Research
407:size of about 50 Mbp.
364:for ciliate genetics.
795:Genome Database Wiki"
354:species in the genus
330:& Chappell, 1989
308:Oxytricha terrestris
824:Oxytricha trifallax
456:molecular phylogeny
347:Oxytricha trifallax
320:Oxytricha trifallax
706:10.1093/gbe/evr136
600:10.1093/nar/gkr501
243:Histrio macrostoma
1031:
1030:
1003:Open Tree of Life
816:Taxon identifiers
594:(17): 7529–7547.
337:
336:
331:
326:, Prescott, Oka,
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651:(5): 1187–1198.
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446:The taxonomy of
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313:Dragesco-Kernéis
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252:Histrio muscorum
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171:
49:
48:
35:
21:
20:
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1054:Ciliate species
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784:Other resources
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511:(1): e1001473.
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791:"OxyDB |
785:
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749:(4): 643–657.
729:
700:(2): 136–154.
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486:on 2019-01-07
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428:mitochondrial
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386:transcription
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294:
290:
286:
283:
280:Gellért, 1957
278:
276:
272:
269:Horváth, 1956
267:
265:
264:Opisthotricha
261:
257:
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161:
160:Binomial name
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1049:Spirotrichea
903:
823:
792:
746:
742:
732:
697:
693:
683:
648:
644:
634:
591:
587:
577:
566:. Retrieved
562:
553:
508:
505:PLOS Biology
504:
479:
474:
459:
451:
448:O. trifallax
447:
445:
432:O. trifallax
431:
425:
421:
409:
398:
394:O. trifallax
393:
378:O. trifallax
377:
371:
355:
346:
345:
340:
339:
338:
319:
307:
284:
273:
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251:
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222:
168:
166:
150:
149:
137:
127:Oxytrichidae
117:Spirotrichea
90:
77:
64:
24:
18:
412:chromosomes
390:micronuclei
382:macronuclei
344:, formerly
277:histrioides
224:Histriculus
1038:Categories
568:2017-07-25
466:References
400:Paramecium
357:Sterkiella
266:terrestris
138:Sterkiella
107:Ciliophora
919:Q62003487
839:Q15378940
793:Oxytricha
608:0305-1048
527:1545-7885
460:Oxytricha
417:telomeres
372:Like all
293:Blatterer
275:Oxytricha
197:Blatterer
181:Blatterer
145:Species:
97:Alveolata
58:Eukaryota
972:11706271
913:Wikidata
853:52250916
833:Wikidata
773:22325790
724:22179582
675:25171416
626:21715380
545:23382650
374:ciliates
368:Genetics
289:Foissner
233:, 1932)
226:muscorum
214:Synonyms
193:Foissner
191:, 1991)
177:Foissner
123:Family:
103:Phylum:
54:Domain:
959:7815322
879:1172189
866:8010951
764:3433844
743:Protist
715:3318907
666:4199391
617:3177221
536:3558436
405:haploid
352:ciliate
350:, is a
324:Greslin
301:Kohmann
235:Corliss
205:Kohmann
189:Kohmann
133:Genus:
113:Class:
1021:427777
1008:141076
992:NZOR:
892:864250
771:
761:
722:
712:
673:
663:
624:
614:
606:
543:
533:
525:
328:Loukin
315:, 1986
303:, 1991
299:&
297:Berger
258:, 1932
237:, 1960
207:, 1991
203:&
201:Berger
187:&
185:Berger
1016:WoRMS
985:94289
967:IRMNG
946:6ZSB4
887:WoRMS
563:WIRED
362:model
91:Clade
78:Clade
65:Clade
980:NCBI
954:GBIF
874:NCBI
861:GBIF
769:PMID
720:PMID
671:PMID
645:Cell
622:PMID
604:ISSN
541:PMID
523:ISSN
426:The
410:The
256:Kahl
231:Kahl
941:CoL
928:AFD
848:EoL
759:PMC
751:doi
747:163
710:PMC
702:doi
661:PMC
653:doi
649:158
612:PMC
596:doi
531:PMC
513:doi
84:SAR
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1005::
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610:.
602:.
592:39
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586:.
561:.
539:.
529:.
521:.
509:11
507:.
503:.
491:^
462:.
376:,
295:,
291:,
199:,
195:,
183:,
179:,
93::
80::
67::
805:.
797:.
775:.
753::
726:.
704::
698:4
677:.
655::
628:.
598::
571:.
547:.
515::
229:(
175:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
