Startup company - Knowledge

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personnel or staffing problems (23%), competition from rival companies (19%) and problems with pricing of the product or service (18%). In cases of funding problems, it can leave employees without paychecks. Sometimes, these companies are purchased by other companies if they are deemed to be viable, but oftentimes, they leave employees with very little recourse to recoup lost income for worked time. More than one-third of founders believe that running out of money led to failure. Second to that, founders attribute their failure to a lack of financing or investor interest. These common mistakes and missteps that happen early in the startup journey can result in failure, but there are precautions entrepreneurs can take to help mitigate risk. For example, startup studios offer a buffer against many of the obstacles that solo entrepreneurs face, such as funding and insufficient team structure, making them a good resource for startups in their earliest phases. Another large study of 160.000 failed companies, identified key factors such as a dysfunctional founding team, a poor business plan, or just a flawed product-market fit as examples of the primary sources of failure.

613:... (His employees) formed Fairchild Semiconductor immediately following their departure... After several years, Fairchild gained its footing, becoming a formidable presence in this sector. Its founders began leaving to start companies based on their own latest ideas and were followed on this path by their own former leading employees... The process gained momentum and what had once begun in a Stanford's research park became a veritable startup avalanche... Thus, over the course of just 20 years, a mere eight of Shockley's former employees gave forth 65 new enterprises, which then went on to do the same... 1019:

Employees, encouraged to meet targets, often exceed overtime limits. Professional and personal life often blend in this highly connected environment. Employees are expected, without discussion, to give of themselves without counting the cost, to be always reachable and available, without asking for compensation commensurate with their professional commitment (in terms of time and activities), and to place the general interest of the organization before their personal interest. Finally, the employment contracts of start-up employees are often precarious since the company itself is not completely stable.

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and empirically testing it. The empirical test is to de/validate these assumptions and to get an engaged understanding of the business model of the new ventures, and in doing so, the new ventures are created iteratively in a build–measure–learn loop. Hence, lean startup is a set of principles for entrepreneurial learning and business model design. More precisely, it is a set of design principles aimed for iteratively experiential learning under uncertainty in an engaged empirical manner. Typically, a lean startup focuses on a few lean principles:

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students to actually participate in real startups during and after their studies. Similarly, university courses teaching software startup themes often have students found mock-up startups during the courses and encourage them to make them into real startups should they wish to do so. Such mock-up startups, however, may not be enough to accurately simulate real-world startup practice if the challenges typically faced by startups (e.g. lack of funding to keep operating) are not present in the course setting.

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does a poorer job of nurturing young companies because of a failure to support their development into industry leaders. Promising European start-ups then struggle to raise the necessary capital to expand and mature. They are forced to either relocate to the US's deep capital markets or sell themselves to larger rivals with more financial availability. As a result, start-ups in the United States can typically raise far more money—up to five times as much as in Europe.

4809: 4799: 4779: 4759: 4749: 82:, to develop and validate their business models. The startup process can take a long period of time; hence, sustaining effort is required. Over the long term, sustaining effort is especially challenging because of the high failure rates and uncertain outcomes. Having a business plan in place outlines what to do and how to plan and achieve an idea in the future. Typically, these plans outline the first three to five years of your business strategy. 4789: 4769: 512: 496:

control, helping people and their businesses grow. Most of startup training falls into the mode of experiential learning, in which students are exposed to a large extent to a real-life entrepreneurship context as new venture teams. An example of group-based experiential startup training is the Lean LaunchPad initiative that applies the principles of customer development and Lean Startup to technology-based startup projects.

280:(totally new standard) is being developed. This profile is set out to be more successful (in finding a business partner) in a market that does not have a dominant design (established standard). New startups should align themselves to one of the profiles when commercializing an invention to be able to find and be attractive to a business partner. By finding a business partner, a startup has greater chances of success. 681:. Successful startups are typically more scalable than an established business, in the sense that the startup has the potential to grow rapidly with a limited investment of capital, labor or land. Timing has often been the single most important factor for biggest startup successes, while at the same time it's identified to be one of the hardest things to master by many serial entrepreneurs and investors. 437:, which are used to create a fun work environment, stimulate team development and team spirit, and encourage creativity. Some of the casual approaches, such as the use of "flat" organizational structures, in which regular employees can talk with the founders and chief executive officers informally, are done to promote efficiency in the workplace, which is needed to get their business off the ground. 642:

is a subdivision of Private Equity wherein external investors fund small-scale startups that have high growth potential in the long run. Venture capital is the money of invention that is invested into young businesses which hold no historic background. Usually, the business of venture capital is highly risky but one can at the same time expect high returns as well.

449:, to increase their "buy in" from the start up (as these employees stand to gain if the company does well). This removal of stressors allows the workers and researchers in the startup to focus less on the work environment around them, and more on achieving the task at hand, giving them the potential to achieve something great for both themselves and their company. 836:, which was blamed in part on a rise in speculative investments in unregulated small companies, startup investing was primarily a word of mouth activity reserved for the friends and family of a startup's co-founders, business angels, and Venture Capital funds. In the United States, this has been the case ever since the implementation of the 799:. The seed round generally is when the startup is still in the very early phase of execution when their product is still in the prototype phase. There is likely no performance data or positive financials as of yet. Therefore, investors rely on strength of the idea and the team in place. At this level, family friends and 444:

stressed that punishments and rewards for uniformity in the workplace are not necessary because some people are born with the motivation to work without incentives. Some startups do not use a strict command and control hierarchical structure, with executives, managers, supervisors and employees. Some

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legal definition of what makes somebody a co-founder. The right to call oneself a co-founder can be established through an agreement with one's fellow co-founders or with permission of the board of directors, investors, or shareholders of a startup company. When there is no definitive agreement (like

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in Israel. The idea of these platforms is to streamline the process and resolve the two main points that were taking place in the market. The first problem was for startups to be able to access capital and to decrease the amount of time that it takes to close a round of financing. The second problem

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Startup investing is the action of making an investment in an early-stage company. Beyond founders' own contributions, some startups raise additional investment at some or several stages of their growth. Not all startups trying to raise investments are successful in their fundraising.Venture Capital

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Startups may form partnerships with other firms to enable their business model to operate. To become attractive to other businesses, startups need to align their internal features, such as management style and products with the market situation. In their 2013 study, Kask and Linton develop two ideal

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Design thinking is used to understand the customers' need in an engaged manner. Design thinking and customer development can be biased because they do not remove the risk of bias because the same biases manifest in the sources of information, the type of information sought, and the interpretation of

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Alexandros Kakouris Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Innovation 2010 p95 "In other words, failed entrepreneurs will set up a new business with more and better know-how. Especially if they choose to restart in the same sector with more or less the same activities, there is a big chance

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are allowed to purchase the securities. However the regulations affecting equity crowdfunding in different countries vary a lot with different levels and models of freedom and restrictions. In many countries there are no limitations restricting general public from investing to startups, while there

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stake in the firm. Venture capitalists and angel investors provide financing to a range of startups (a portfolio), with the expectation that a very small number of the startups will become viable and make money. In practice though, many startups are initially funded by the founders themselves using

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Over the last decade, Europe has developed a rapid start-up scene that has given birth to global players, including more than 70 unicorns, and has created more than two million jobs. Investment in European start-ups increased sixfold between 2010 and 2020, reaching approximately €40 billion. Europe

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With the key learnings from market validation, design thinking, and lean startup, founders can design a business model. However it's important not to dive into business models too early before there is sufficient learning on market validation. Paul Graham said: "What I tell founders is not to sweat

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Uncertainty can vary within-person (I feel more uncertain this year than last year) and between-person (he feels more uncertain than she does). A study found that when entrepreneurs feel more uncertain, they identify more opportunities (within-person difference), but entrepreneurs who perceive more

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Lean startup is a clear set of principles to create and design startups under limited resources and tremendous uncertainty to build their ventures more flexibly and at a lower cost. It is based on the idea that entrepreneurs can make their implicit assumptions about how their venture works explicit

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Economist Scott A. Shane has used data on start-ups published in many countries to draw conclusions in terms of public policy. He is critical of public policy that encourages start-ups, pointing to evidence that these policies lead people to create marginal businesses that are more likely to fail,

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Startups can receive funding via more involved stakeholders, such as startup studios. Startup studios provide funding to support the business through a successful launch, but they also provide extensive operational support, such as HR, finance and accounting, marketing, and product development, to

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Investors are generally most attracted to those new companies distinguished by their strong co-founding team, a balanced "risk/reward" profile (in which high risk due to the untested, disruptive innovations is balanced out by high potential returns) and "scalability" (the likelihood that a startup

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Self-efficacy refers to the confidence an individual has to create a new business or startup. It has a strong relation with startup actions. Entrepreneurs' sense of self-efficacy can play a major role in how they approach goals, tasks, and challenges. Entrepreneurs with high self-efficacy—that is,

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The founder that is responsible for the overall strategy of the startup plays the role of founder-CEOs, much like CEOs in established firms. Startup studios provide an opportunity for founders and team members to grow along with the business they help to build. In order to create forward momentum,

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profile calls for a management style that is not too entrepreneurial (more conservative) and the startup should have an incremental invention (building on a previous standard). This profile is set out to be more successful (in finding a business partner) in a market with a dominant design (a clear

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As startups are typically thought to operate under a notable lack of resources, have little or no operating history, and to consist of individuals with little practical experience, it is possible to simulate startups in a classroom setting with reasonable accuracy. In fact, it is not uncommon for

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Founders go through a lot to set up a startup. A startup requires patience and resilience, and training programs need to have both the business components and the psychological components. Entrepreneurship education is effective in increasing the entrepreneurial attitudes and perceived behavioral

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estimated that 90% of startups ultimately fail. In a sample of 101 unsuccessful startups, companies reported that experiencing one or more of five common factors were the reason for failure; the lack of consumer interest in the product or service (42% of failures), funding or cash problems (29%),

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definition of promoter includes: (i) Any person who, acting alone or in conjunction with one or more other persons, directly or indirectly takes initiative in founding and organizing the business or enterprise of an issuer; However, not every promoter is a co-founder. In fact, there is no formal,

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A key principle of startup is to validate the market need before providing a customer-centric product or service to avoid business ideas with weak demand. Market validation can be done in a number of ways, including surveys, cold calling, email responses, word of mouth or through sample research.

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Entrepreneurs often feel stressed. They have internal and external pressures. Internally, they need to meet deadlines to develop the prototypes and get the product or service ready for market. Externally they are expected to meet milestones of investors and other stakeholders to ensure continued

527:, mentors, advisors); institutions and organizations (top research universities and institutes, business schools and entrepreneurship programs and centres operated by universities and colleges, non-profit entrepreneurship support organizations, government entrepreneurship programs and services, 1010:

corresponds to the belief that thanks to digital tools such as those created by start-ups, simple and technical solutions can be found to all kinds of problems. Therefore, what is expected of start-ups is not that they address the root causes of problems, but that they find effective technical

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Many institutions and universities provide training on startups. In the context of universities, some of the courses are entrepreneurship courses that also deal with the topic of startups, while other courses are specifically dedicated to startups. Startup courses are found both in traditional

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in 2017. Since then, awareness has been growing. The non-hierarchical organization of start-ups means that all employees bear equal responsibility for their running smoothly. They are based on voluntary commitment and internalized behavioral norms rather than formal hierarchical constraints.

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The first known investment-based crowdfunding platform for startups was launched in February 2010 by Grow VC, followed by the first US. based company ProFounder launching model for startups to raise investments directly on the site, but ProFounder later decided to shut down its business due

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Startups usually need many different partners to realize their business idea. The commercialization process is often a bumpy road with iterations and new insights during the process. Hasche and Linton argue that startups can learn from their relationships with other firms, and even if the

959:, there were 452 unicorns as of May 2019, and most of the unicorns are in the US, followed by China. The unicorns are concentrated in a few countries. The unicorn leaders are the U.S. with 196 companies, China with 165, India with 107 and the U.K. with 16. The largest unicorns included 823:

firms will be participating. Series B: Companies are generating consistent revenue but must scale to meet growing demand. Series C & D: Companies with strong financial performance looking to expand to new markets, develop new products, make an acquisition, and/or preparing for IPO.

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Failed entrepreneurs, or restarters, who after some time restart in the same sector with more or less the same activities, have an increased chance of becoming a better entrepreneur. However, some studies indicate that restarters are more heavily discouraged in Europe than in the US.

661:. Today, there are many alternative forms of IPO commonly employed by startups and startup promoters that do not include an exchange listing, so they may avoid certain regulatory compliance obligations, including mandatory periodic disclosures of financial information and factual 404:

resources from them on the startups. Coping with stress is critical to entrepreneurs because of the stressful nature of starting up a new firm under uncertainty. Coping with stress unsuccessfully could lead to emotional exhaustion, and the founders may close or exit the startups.

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Startups are pressure cookers. Don't let the casual dress and playful office environment fool you. New enterprises operate under do-or-die conditions. If you do not roll out a useable product or service in a timely fashion, the company will fail. Bye-bye paycheck, hello eviction.

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0749439750 2003 p5 "Our interviews with entrepreneurial restarters underscore the fact that failure is still severely stigmatised in Europe. In marked contrast to the United States, there is no general public perception in Europe that failure is a necessary precondition for

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of the late 1990s was associated with huge numbers of internet startup companies, some selling the technology to provide internet access, others using the internet to provide services. Most of this startup activity was located in the most well-known startup ecosystem -

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as early as possible. Startup companies, particularly those associated with new technology, sometimes produce huge returns to their creators and investors—a recent example of such is Google, whose creators became billionaires through their stock ownership and options.

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can still be other types of restrictions in place, like limiting the amount that companies can seek from investors. Due to positive development and growth of crowdfunding, many countries are actively updating their regulation in regards to crowdfunding.

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relationship ends, the startup will have gained valuable knowledge about how it should move on going forward. When a relationship is failing for a startup it needs to make changes. Three types of changes can be identified according to Hasche and Linton:

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economic or business disciplines as well as the side of information technology disciplines. As startups are often focused on software, they are also occasionally taught while focusing on software development alongside the business aspects of a startup.

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While some (would-be) entrepreneurs believe that they can't start a company without funding from VC, Angel, etc. that is not the case. In fact, many entrepreneurs have founded successful businesses for almost no capital, including the founders of

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The lack of human and financial resources or even dedicated patent attorneys in the early stages of a startup makes it difficult to compete with larger companies, and likewise increases the time and reduces the probability of patent applications.

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Sustaining effort is required as the startup process can take a long period of time, by one estimate, three years or longer. Sustaining effort over the long term is especially challenging because of the high failure rates and uncertain outcomes.

61:, startups are new businesses that intend to grow large beyond the solo-founder. During the beginning, startups face high uncertainty and have high rates of failure, but a minority of them do go on to become successful and influential, such as 2491:

that the restarter becomes the better entrepreneur (Schror, 2006). Restarters in this study are defined as entrepreneurs, whose company went bankrupt, but who, after some time, have the courage to start a new company (i.e. 'pure' restarters)."

840:. Many nations implemented similar legislation to prohibit general solicitation and general advertising of unregistered securities, including shares offered by startup companies. In 2005, a new Accelerator investment model was introduced by 253:

In startups, many decisions are made under uncertainty, and hence a key principle for startups is to be agile and flexible. Founders can embed options to design startups in flexible manners, so that the startups can change easily in future.

3181: 855:(JOBS Act), first implemented on 23 September 2013, granted startups in and startup co-founders or promoters in US. the right to generally solicit and advertise publicly using any method of communication on the condition that only 653:, a form of online investing that has been legalized in several nations, startups did not advertise themselves to the general public as investment opportunities until and unless they first obtained approval from regulators for an 2517:

Chanin, R., Sales, A., Pompermaier, L., and Prikladnicki, R. (2018). Startup software development education: a systematic mapping study. In proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE ’18), pp.

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Founders or co-founders are people involved in the initial launch of startup companies. Three people are mainly required as co-founders to create a powerful team: the product person (e.g. an engineer), a marketing person (for

94:. Design science uses design principles considered to be a coherent set of normative ideas and propositions to design and construct the company's backbone. For example, one of the initial design principles is affordable loss. 782:(up from 40% in 1980). Often, 100% of a small startup company's value is based on its intellectual property. As such, it is important for technology-oriented startup companies to develop a sound strategy for protecting their 869:

regulatory reasons preventing them from continuing, having launched their model for US. markets prior to JOBS Act. With the positive progress of the JOBS Act for crowd investing in US., equity crowdfunding platforms like

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Startups need to learn at a huge speed before running out of resources. Proactive actions (experimentation, searching, etc.) enhance a founder's learning to start a company. To learn effectively, founders often formulate

4038:"Mathilde Ramadier, Bienvenue dans le nouveau monde. Comment j'ai survécu à la coolitude des startups, Premier Parallèle, 2017; Patrick Rozenblatt, Razzia sur le travail. Critique de l'invalorisation du travail au 21e" 3152: 3652: 3357: 1358: 73:

Startups typically begin by a founder (solo-founder) or co-founders who have a way to solve a problem. The founder of a startup will do the market validation by problem interview, solution interview, and building a

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Startups use several action principles to generate evidence as quickly as possible to reduce the downside effect of decision biases such as an escalation of commitment, overconfidence, and the illusion of control.

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Stevenson, Regan M.; Ciuchta, Michael P.; Letwin, Chaim; Dinger, Jenni M.; Vancouver, Jeffrey B. (21 June 2018). "Out of control or right on the money? Funder self-efficacy and crowd bias in equity crowdfunding".

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Paternoster, N., Giardino, C., Unterkalmsteiner, M., Gorschek, T., Abrahamsson, P. (2014). Software Development in Startup Companies: A Systematic Mapping Study. Information and Software Technology 56(10),

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of nascent entrepreneurs. Mentoring offers direction for entrepreneurs to enhance their knowledge of how to sustain their assets relating to their status and identity and strengthen their real-time skills.

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Internal startups are a form of corporate entrepreneurship. Large or well-established companies often try to promote innovation by setting up "internal startups", new business divisions that operate at

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Following Y Combinator, many accelerators with similar models have emerged around the world. The accelerator model has since become very common and widely spread and they are key organizations of any

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is where a startup is launched and where it grows to have an effect on the volume and success of the startups. The startup ecosystem consists of the individuals (entrepreneurs, venture capitalists,

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that combined fixed terms investment model with fixed period intense bootcamp style training program, to streamline the seed/early-stage investment process with training to be more systematic.

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The organizational model of start-ups is also questioned by former employees. For example, Mathilde Ramadier, a former start-up employee, brings the debate to the fore in France with her book

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Buffardi, K., Robb, C., Rahn, D. (2017) Tech startups: realistic software engineering projects with interdisciplinary collaboration. Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges 32(4), 93–98.

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Schmitt, A. (2018). "A Dynamic Model of Entrepreneurial Uncertainty and Business Opportunity Identification: Exploration as a Mediator and Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy as a Moderator".

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Startup are funded through preset rounds, depending on their funding requirement and the stage of growth of the company. Startup investing is generally divided into six stage, namely

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Although there are startups created in all types of businesses, and all over the world, some locations and business sectors are particularly associated with startup companies. The

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the business model too much at first. The most important task at first is to build something people want. If you don't do that, it won't matter how clever your business model is."

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Sarasvathy, Saras D.; Dew, Nicholas; Read, Stuart; Wiltbank, Robert (1 March 2008). "Designing Organizations that Design Environments: Lessons from Entrepreneurial Expertise".

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Uy, Marilyn A.; Foo, Maw-Der; Ilies, Remus (1 May 2015). "Perceived progress variability and entrepreneurial effort intensity: The moderating role of venture goal commitment".

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For some researchers, such as Antoine Gouritin, the start-up model, like many digital-related objects, is underpinned by a "solutionist" logic, as Evgeny Morozov describes it.

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Uy, Marilyn A.; Foo, Maw-Der; Song, Zhaoli (1 September 2013). "Joint effects of prior start up experience and coping strategies on entrepreneurs' psychological well-being".

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enterprise, reflecting a move toward values of liberty, autonomy and authenticity, and away from the Fordist emphasis on solidarity, economic security and equality.

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with organizations like NY Tech Meet Up and Built in NYC. In the early 2000s, the patent assets of failed startup companies were being purchased by people known as

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and other casual clothes to business meetings. Their offices may have recreational facilities in them, such as pool tables, ping pong tables, football tables and

2600:"Putting Entrepreneurship Education Where the Intention to Act Lies: An Investigation Into the Impact of Entrepreneurship Education on Entrepreneurial Behavior" 1991: 807:. At this point the company already has traction and may be making revenue. In Series A rounds venture capital firms will be participating alongside angels or 4752: 2308: 241:

that information. Encouraging people to consider the opposite of whatever decision they are about to make tends to reduce biases such as overconfidence, the

709:, for example equity crowdfunding, in which the startup seeks funding from a large number of individuals, typically by pitching their idea on the Internet. 294:

Change of characteristic of business relationship (with the partner, e.g. from a transactional relationship to more of a collaborative type of relationship)

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Chen, Jianhong; Nadkarni, Sucheta (1 March 2017). "It's about Time! CEOs' Temporal Dispositions, Temporal Leadership, and Corporate Entrepreneurship".

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Campos, Francisco; Frese, Michael; Goldstein, Markus; Iacovone, Leonardo; Johnson, Hillary C.; McKenzie, David; Mensmann, Mona (22 September 2017).

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in exchange for a percentage of monthly revenue. Venture capital firms and angel investors may help startup companies begin operations, exchanging

701:"bootstrapping", in which loans or monetary gifts from friends and family are combined with savings and credit card debt to finance the venture. 382:

those who believe they can perform well—are more likely to view difficult tasks as something to be mastered rather than something to be avoided.

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The spark that set off the explosive boom of "Silicon startups" in Stanford Industrial Park was a personal dispute in 1957 between employees of

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Kon, F., Cukier, D., Melo, C., Hazzan, O., Yuklea, H. (2014). A panorama of the Israeli software startup ecosystem. Available at SSRN 2441157

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and top-performing entrepreneurial firms and startups. A region with all of these elements is considered to be a "strong" startup ecosystem.

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Castrogiovanni, Gary J. (1 December 1996). "Pre-Startup Planning and the Survival of New Small Businesses: Theoretical Linkages".

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When investing in a startup, there are different types of stages in which the investor can participate. The first round is called

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Hasche, Nina; Linton, Gabriel (December 2017). "The value of failed relationships for the development of a Medtech start up".

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Blank, S.: The Four Steps to the Epiphany: Successful Strategies for Products That Win. K&S Ranch, Incorporated (2013).

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will be the ones participating. At this stage the level of risk and payoff are at their greatest. The next round is called

3570: 3433: 1122: 4546: 4541: 3295: 852: 570:, leading entrepreneurs and startup firms. Basically, attempts are being made worldwide, for example in Israel with its 102:

Because of the lack of information, high uncertainty, and the need to make decisions quickly, founders usually use many

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To date, much of the entrepreneurship training is yet to be personalized to match the participants and the training.

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founders must ensure that they provide opportunities for their team members to grow and evolve within the company.

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The illusions of entrepreneurship : the costly myths that entrepreneurs, investors, and policy makers live by

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If a company's value is based on its technology, it is often equally important for the business owners to obtain

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can expand its operations by serving more markets or more customers). Attractive startups generally have lower "

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The lean startup: how today's entrepreneurs use continuous innovation to create radically successful businesses

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profiles, or also known as configurations or archetypes, for startups that are commercializing inventions. The

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A Legal Bridge Spanning 100 Years: From the Gold Mines of El Dorado to the 'Golden' Startups of Silicon Valley

1792:"Overcoming the inevitable anchoring effect: Considering the opposite compensates for selective accessibility" 4792: 4762: 953:, choosing the mythical animal to represent the statistical rarity of such successful ventures. According to 705:

is another option, though it is not unique to startups. Other funding opportunities include various forms of

625:, who assert those patents against companies that might be infringing the technology covered by the patents. 258:

uncertainties than others do not identify more opportunities than others do (no between-person difference).

4848: 4772: 4529: 349:, customer interaction, vision) and a finance or operation's person (to handle operations or raise funds). 181:

in creating their startups. Mentors guide founders and impart entrepreneurial skills and may increase the

4359: 4354: 4349: 4344: 4339: 3203: 1527: 567: 425:, as compared to executives in established corporations. For example, startup founders in the 2010s wore 113:

Entrepreneurs often become overconfident about their startups and their influence on an outcome (case of

2877:"The Myth of the Patent Troll: An Alternative View of the Function of Patent Dealers in an Idea Economy" 4406: 3090: 486: 370: 2646: 1551:"Impact of Entrepreneurship Training on Entrepreneurial Efficacy and Alertness among Adolescent Youth" 890:

was intended to increase the amount of deal flow for the investor and to also centralize the process.

4833: 4616: 4566: 4504: 4464: 4411: 3379: 3653:"Global Crowdfunding Market to Reach $ 34.4B in 2015, Predicts Massolution's 2015CF Industry Report" 117:). Below are some of the most critical decision biases of entrepreneurs to start up a new business. 4802: 4719: 4714: 2533:"Teaching personal initiative beats traditional training in boosting small business in West Africa" 159: 107: 31: 17: 1379:

van Burg, Elco; Romme, A. Georges L.; Gilsing, Victor A.; Reymen, Isabelle M. M. J. (March 2008).

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which has a management style that is highly entrepreneurial and in which a radical invention or a

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There are many principles in creating a startup. Some of the principles needed are listed below:

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Some startup founders have a more casual or offbeat attitude in their dress, office space and

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In the United States, the solicitation of funds became easier for startups as result of the

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Make judgments about the probability of events based on how easy it is to think of examples.

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that investors and potential investors routinely receive from registered public companies.

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includes all new businesses including self-employment and businesses that do not intend to

3882: 598:, an area of northern California renowned for the high level of startup company activity: 8: 4729: 4591: 4581: 4499: 4494: 4490: 4444: 3799: 2044: 1035:

has the highest number of startups in the world, with 14,500 startups. It is followed by

946: 856: 815:, C, and D. These three rounds are the ones leading towards the Initial Public Offering ( 702: 650: 547: 131: 3386:, World Scientific Series in Finance, vol. 17, World Scientific, pp. 193–232, 2548: 4704: 4664: 4601: 4596: 4434: 4089: 4018: 3971: 3851: 3705:"Crowdsourced Fundraising Platform ProFounder Now Offers Equity-Based Investment Tools" 3405: 2933: 2627: 2444: 2187: 1965: 1922: 1865: 1826: 1519: 1469: 1416: 1331: 1255: 1061: 912: 532: 459: 361: 304: 3487:

See generally A Market for Ideas, ECONOMIST, 22 October 2005, at 3, 3 (special insert)

3115: 2372: 983:. When the value of a company is over US$ 10 billion, the company will be called as a 677:" (self-funding of startups by the founders) costs, higher risk, and higher potential 4669: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4301: 4235: 4160: 4150: 4093: 4055: 4022: 4010: 3975: 3963: 3855: 3843: 3508: 3409: 3395: 3350:"How the Startup Studio Business Model Is Changing the Startup Economy as We Know It" 2937: 2925: 2880: 2772: 2631: 2619: 2580: 2572: 2432: 2264: 2191: 2179: 1969: 1957: 1926: 1914: 1869: 1830: 1741: 1669: 1651: 1607: 1582: 1523: 1511: 1473: 1461: 1408: 1396: 1351:"How the Startup Studio Business Model Is Changing the Startup Economy as We Know It" 1335: 1323: 1259: 848: 583: 520: 150: 62: 3908:"The Crunchbase Unicorn Leaderboard is back, now with a record herd of 452 unicorns" 3498: 3259: 3053:"The ban has lifted: Here's what these 6 companies think about general solicitation" 1420: 546:

in California, where major computer and internet firms and top universities such as

4509: 4378: 4289: 4081: 4045: 4002: 3955: 3835: 3387: 2917: 2764: 2611: 2562: 2552: 2473: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2175: 2171: 1949: 1906: 1857: 1818: 1647: 1643: 1572: 1562: 1503: 1451: 1443: 1400: 1392: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1247: 1170: 1056: 833: 778:

estimated that up to 75% of the value of US public companies is now based on their

610: 441: 54: 46: 1910: 1730:"Customer Development, Innovation, and Decision-Making Biases in the Lean Startup" 1016:

Bienvenue dans le nouveau monde. Comment j'ai survécu à la coolitude des start-ups

4689: 4611: 4421: 4296: 4270: 3235:"Bill Gross: The single biggest reason why startups succeed - TED Talk - TED.com" 3174:"Hard choices: How Europe's fastest-growing start-ups become unicorns | McKinsey" 2863: 2814: 1861: 1283: 1081: 900: 800: 590: 524: 434: 346: 1791: 1772: 4514: 4429: 4306: 4266: 3562: 3391: 2704:

The Startup Owner's Manual: The Step-By-Step Guide for Building a Great Company

1953: 1101: 1091: 999:

According to Nikos Smyrnaios, Silicon Valley's start-ups are emblematic of the

820: 804: 689: 658: 595: 543: 311: 242: 91: 50: 3285: 2921: 2752: 1822: 606:

and the company's namesake and founder, Nobel laureate and co-inventor of the

4827: 4621: 4606: 4586: 4474: 4164: 4059: 4014: 3967: 3869: 3847: 3839: 3765:"General Solicitation Ban Lifted Today - Three Things You Must Know About It" 3512: 2929: 2776: 2623: 2576: 2436: 2268: 2183: 1961: 1918: 1809:

Teece, David J. (2010). "Business Models, Business Strategy and Innovation".

1745: 1655: 1603:

Symposium proceedings - XV International symposium Symorg 2016: Reshaping ...

1586: 1567: 1550: 1549:

Ho, Moon-Ho Ringo; Uy, Marilyn A.; Kang, Bianca N. Y.; Chan, Kim-Yin (2018).

1515: 1465: 1447: 1412: 1327: 1251: 1066: 1036: 960: 774: 697: 674: 618: 182: 4216:"Lessons from Tel Aviv: What Has Fueled Israel's Startup Ecosystem's Growth" 4073: 2557: 2532: 2428:

Coping with the America Invents Act: Patent Challenges for Startup Companies

4734: 4659: 4631: 4576: 4469: 4085: 3990: 3464:"Invisible unicorns: 35 big companies that started with little or no money" 3434:"Revisiting the myths about entrepreneurship and innovation - Vivek Wadhwa" 2615: 2584: 1040: 920: 757: 723: 706: 622: 617:

Startup advocates are also trying to build a community of tech startups in

571: 4144: 4006: 3318: 1606:

University of Belgrade, Faculty of Organizational Sciences. p. 1462.

633: 575: 90:

Models behind startups presenting as ventures are usually associated with

4519: 3991:"Légitimité de la critique et critique de la légitimité entrepreneuriale" 3943: 2683:

Wu, Lei-Yu; Wang, Chun-Ju; Tseng, Chun-Yao; Wu, Ming-Cheng (March 2009).

1047:, with around 9000, which is the highest per capita figure in the world. 1023:

have little economic impact, and generate a very limited number of jobs.

949:

at over US$ 1 billion. The term was coined in 2013 by venture capitalist

916: 908: 808: 657:(IPO) that typically involved a listing of the startup's securities on a 318: 272:

standard is applied in this market). In contrast to this, profile is the

3959: 2477: 1577: 219:

evidence-based decisions on when to pivot by changing your plan's course

4684: 4454: 3912: 2567: 2259: 1507: 1456: 1318: 1076: 955: 950: 878: 870: 796: 693: 607: 314: 216:

build a function, measure customer response, and verify/refute the idea

178: 2768: 1404: 457:

The failure rate of startup companies is very high. A 2014 article in

136:

Overemphasize how much skills, instead of chance, improve performance.

4050: 4037: 3204:"How To Choose The Best Business Structure To Choose For A Start up?" 2426: 2138:"Matchmaking Checklist: Crafting the Perfect Co-Founder Relationship" 1174: 1071: 964: 924: 904: 749: 422: 103: 79: 1156:"All the right moves: How entrepreneurial firms compete effectively" 515:

A startup ecosystem can contribute to local entrepreneurial culture.

291:

Change of collaboration constellation (change several relationships)

4080:, Presses de l'Université du Québec, pp. 503–506, 2018-08-22, 3116:"ETCI venture capital fund to boost EU start-ups, plug funding gap" 2645:

Cooper, Robert G.; Edgett, Scott J.; Kleinschmidt, Elko J. (2004).

2465: 1381:"Creating University Spin-Offs: A Science-Based Design Perspective" 886: 874: 812: 646: 511: 430: 146:

Reach conclusions about a larger population using a limited sample.

127:

Perceive a subjective certainty higher than the objective accuracy.

4191:"State of High-Tech Industry in Israel report: ups but more downs" 2042: 164:

Persist unduly with unsuccessful initiatives or courses of action.

2670:

International Small Business Journal Researching Entrepreneurship

1154:

Riitta Katila, Eric L. Chen, and Henning Piezunka (7 June 2012).

1000: 753: 579: 2910:

Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Emerging Economies

4284: 3675:"Grow VC launches, aiming to become the Kiva for tech startups" 3378:

David, Dharish; Gopalan, Sasidaran; Ramachandran, Suma (2020),

2666:"Entrepreneurship EducationA Systematic Review of the Evidence" 1127: 1044: 980: 976: 882: 559: 551: 426: 3735:"Fundraising Platform For Startups ProFounder Shuts Its Doors" 2963:"Startups, VCs Now Free To Advertise Their Fundraising Status" 2866:, builtinnyc, New York, 26 May 2016. Retrieved on 1 June 2016. 2513: 2511: 2330:

Douglas McGregor. Theory X Theory Y employee motivation theory

3883:"Indian Unicorn Landscape - Startups, Growth, FDI, Investors" 3023:"Startups Remain Cloudy on the New General Solicitation Rule" 2108:"Tesla Lawsuit: The Incredible Importance of Being a Founder" 1491: 688:

lenders can help startup companies by providing non-dilutive

563: 2530: 2160: 1204:"The Differences between Entrepreneurs and Startup Founders" 877:

started to emerge in 2011 and platforms such as investiere,

637:

Diagram of the typical financing cycle for a startup company

3795:"For broker/dealers, crowdfunding presents new opportunity" 2508: 1153: 972: 968: 97: 3593:"Newly Legal: Buying Stock in Start Ups Via Crowdsourcing" 1378: 1286:, Fortune.com, 25 September 2014; accessed 27 October 2017 1433: 816: 3533:"With the new JOBS Act a new era of investment banking?" 3377: 3082: 2993:"All-comers join web party for a punt on best start ups" 2644: 2043:

Securities and Exchange Commission (12 September 2008),

1984:"An interview with investor Paul Graham of Y Combinator" 1789: 3380:"The Startup Environment and Funding Activity in India" 3045: 3015: 2955: 713:

increase the probability of success and propel growth.

4265: 3563:"Jumpstart Our Business Startups (JOBS) Act Spotlight" 3145:"Lessons from the best start-ups in Europe | McKinsey" 2906:"Factors Driving Venture Capital Investments in India" 373:), disputes about who the co-founders are, can arise. 3944:"La nouvelle bourgeoisie issue de la Silicon Valley" 2827: 2206:"Tech in Asia - Connecting Asia's startup ecosystem" 1728:

York, Jonathan L.; Danes, Jeffrey E. (22 May 2014).

1490:

Zhang, Stephen X.; Cueto, Javier (9 November 2015).

317:, build a minimum viable product (MVP), and conduct 248: 207:

find a problem worth solving, then define a solution

3384:

Investment in Startups and Small Business Financing

987:. When the company is valued over US$ 100 billion, 222:

maximize the efforts for speed, learning, and focus

3499:"What Business Owners Should Know About Patenting" 2685:"Founding team and start-up competitive advantage" 2105: 1777:Blackwell Handbook of Judgment and Decision Making 1790:Mussweiler, T.; Strack, F.; Pfeiffer, T. (2000). 994: 27:New company developing a novel, scalable business 4825: 3623:"Levine on Wall Street: Chrysler's Unwanted IPO" 2904:Raza, M. Tanzeem; Natarajan, P. (January 2023). 1899:Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship 1850:Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship 1600:Jaško, Ondrej; Marinković, Sanja (3 June 2016). 923:, a product developed by an internal startup of 213:continually test with smaller, faster iterations 4112:Abou El Khair, Catherine (September 15, 2016). 4074:"Pour en savoir plus – bibliographie sélective" 3787: 2985: 2373:"Why Startups Fail | Lessons From 150 Founders" 1599: 903:from the rest of the company. Examples include 827: 663:discussion of business conditions by management 416: 2604:Academy of Management Learning & Education 2343:"Zirtual Crashed But Can Its Brand Still Fly?" 2045:"Guide to Definitions of Terms Used in Form D" 1939: 1846:"Business mating: When start ups get it right" 1277:Why startups fail, according to their founders 1271: 1269: 30:"Startup" redirects here. For other uses, see 4251: 4111: 2903: 2682: 2598:Rauch, Andreas; Hulsink, Willem (June 2015). 2301:"Benefits in a Flat Organizational Structure" 2075:"The Other Credit Crisis: Naming Co-Founders" 1097:Vesting § Ownership in startup companies 542:One of the most famous startup ecosystems is 4753:Private equity and venture capital investors 3825: 3347: 3286:"4 Tips for Landing Revenue-Based Financing" 2664:Pittaway, Luke; Cope, Jason (October 2007). 2663: 2597: 2449:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2332:. Accel-team.com. Retrieved on 21 July 2013. 2072: 2012: 1896: 1548: 1348: 445:startups offer employees incentives such as 360:considers co-founders to be promoters under 1636:Technological Forecasting and Social Change 1266: 915:(which began as an internal startup of the 684:Startups have several options for funding. 398:Iman Jalali, chief of staff at ContextMedia 298: 288:Change of business concept for the start up 210:engage early adopters for market validation 4788: 4768: 4725:Taxation of private equity and hedge funds 4542:Private investment in public equity (PIPE) 4258: 4244: 3319:"Cash-strapped entrepreneurs get creative" 3232: 3201: 2753:"The role of process in software start-up" 2397:"Why Startups Focus Too Much on Solutions" 2015:"The Top 8 Qualities of a Startup Founder" 1843: 1796:Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 1489: 1295: 566:(a top research area), also have numerous 550:create a stimulating startup environment. 358:securities regulation in the United States 49:to seek, develop, and validate a scalable 4049: 3941: 3615: 2701: 2566: 2556: 2258: 2236: 1727: 1576: 1566: 1455: 1317: 941:Some startups become big and they become 333: 45:is a company or project undertaken by an 4188: 3988: 3585: 3496: 3316: 2857:" NYC tech's 35 people to watch in 2016" 1670:"5 STEPS TO VALIDATE YOUR BUSINESS IDEA" 1385:Journal of Product Innovation Management 1120: 945:, i.e. privately held startup companies 632: 510: 324: 98:Heuristics and biases in startup actions 4035: 3283: 2801: 2463: 1770: 1492:"The Study of Bias in Entrepreneurship" 1237: 742: 407: 366:U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission 14: 4826: 4213: 4189:Leichman, Abigail Klein (2023-06-29). 3920:from the original on 30 September 2020 3757: 3525: 3110: 3108: 2750: 1121:Robehmed, Natalie (16 December 2013). 177:Many entrepreneurs seek feedback from 4239: 4142: 3937: 3935: 3685:from the original on 20 February 2012 2526: 2524: 2425:E., Campbell, Patricia (2013-01-01). 2311:from the original on 4 September 2019 2232: 2230: 2055:from the original on 22 February 2022 1892: 1890: 1844:Kask, Johan; Linton, Gabriel (2013). 1808: 1629: 1625: 1623: 1530:from the original on 17 November 2021 1485: 1483: 556:Massachusetts Institute of Technology 4149:. New Haven: Yale University Press. 3633:from the original on 22 October 2013 2716: 2647:"Benchmarking Best NPD Practices—II" 2283:"Exploring Start-Up Event Sequences" 1994:from the original on 2 February 2019 1496:Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 1240:Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 1233: 1231: 1229: 1147: 893: 226: 85: 4124:from the original on April 20, 2023 3543:from the original on 4 October 2013 3284:Goodman, Michelle (18 March 2015). 3105: 3029:. 20 September 2013. Archived from 3003:from the original on 21 August 2016 2502:The European Business Handbook 2003 2106:Katie Fehrenbacher (14 June 2009). 1752:from the original on 7 October 2018 1135:from the original on 3 January 2020 863: 853:Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act 790: 24: 3932: 3807:from the original on 31 March 2013 3348:Kronenberger, Craig (2021-02-23). 3087:Securities and Exchange Commission 2521: 2424: 2227: 2013:Kronenberger, Craig (2021-04-15). 1887: 1734:Journal of Small Business Strategy 1620: 1480: 1349:Kronenberger, Craig (2021-02-23). 1184:from the original on 19 March 2023 235: 25: 4860: 4036:Maugeri, Salvatore (2017-10-31). 3745:from the original on 2 April 2019 3715:from the original on 2 April 2019 2087:from the original on 14 July 2014 1630:Harms, Rainer (1 November 2015). 1226: 937:List of unicorn startup companies 772:for their idea. The newsmagazine 249:Decision-making under uncertainty 4808: 4807: 4798: 4797: 4787: 4778: 4777: 4767: 4758: 4757: 4748: 4747: 4214:Ionita, Antoanela (2023-02-03). 4207: 3828:Administrative Science Quarterly 3775:from the original on 9 June 2020 3603:from the original on 9 June 2020 3573:from the original on 27 May 2020 3444:from the original on 8 June 2020 3329:from the original on 21 May 2010 3317:Prentice, Claire (12 May 2010). 3298:from the original on 8 June 2020 3214:from the original on 2 June 2016 3093:from the original on 31 May 2020 3063:from the original on 7 June 2020 2973:from the original on 7 June 2020 2702:Blank, Steve; Dorf, Bob (2012). 2353:from the original on 6 June 2020 1680:from the original on 6 June 2021 1397:10.1111/j.1540-5885.2008.00291.x 1214:from the original on 20 May 2020 770:intellectual property protection 376: 4182: 4171:from the original on 2010-01-27 4136: 4105: 4066: 4029: 3982: 3942:Smyrnaios, Nikos (2022-04-28). 3900: 3889:from the original on 2022-10-22 3875: 3862: 3819: 3727: 3697: 3667: 3645: 3555: 3497:Weinberg, Stuart (2008-08-12). 3490: 3481: 3456: 3426: 3416:from the original on 2023-04-07 3371: 3360:from the original on 2021-03-01 3341: 3310: 3277: 3266:from the original on 2015-06-26 3252: 3241:from the original on 2015-06-26 3226: 3202:Amit Ghosh (14 December 2014). 3195: 3184:from the original on 2023-03-02 3166: 3155:from the original on 2023-03-02 3137: 3126:from the original on 2023-03-02 3075: 2944:from the original on 2023-04-18 2897: 2869: 2849: 2838:from the original on 2017-03-24 2820: 2792: 2783: 2744: 2735: 2725: 2710: 2695: 2676: 2657: 2638: 2591: 2494: 2484: 2457: 2431:. 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The next rounds are 197: 110:in their leadership decisions. 4525:Publicly traded private equity 2651:Research-Technology Management 2251:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2012.04.003 2176:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.05.006 2073:Lora Kolodny (30 April 2013). 1674:Harvard Business School online 1648:10.1016/j.techfore.2015.02.007 1427: 1372: 1342: 1310:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2014.02.001 1289: 1196: 1163:Strategic Entrepreneurship JNL 1114: 995:Critiques of the start-up mode 471: 13: 1: 4793:List of venture capital firms 4114:"Le côté obscur des start-up" 4078:Le défi de changer les choses 2287:Journal of Business Venturing 2239:Journal of Business Venturing 2164:Journal of Business Venturing 1911:10.1080/08276331.2017.1388953 1298:Journal of Business Venturing 1107: 907:, a research unit within the 819:). Venture capital firms and 763: 519:The size and maturity of the 261: 189: 4773:List of private equity firms 4530:Business Development Company 4042:La Nouvelle Revue du Travail 1862:10.1080/08276331.2013.876765 919:department store chain) and 828:History of startup investing 628: 506: 417:Founder identity and culture 172: 7: 2464:Gompers, Paul (July 2006). 1050: 930: 480: 10: 4865: 4617:High-net-worth individuals 4407:Leveraged recapitalization 3989:Gouritin, Antoine (2020). 3392:10.1142/9789811235825_0007 1954:10.1177/014920639602200601 934: 487:Entrepreneurship education 484: 452: 337: 302: 68: 29: 4743: 4640: 4559: 4505:Limited liability company 4483: 4465:Venture capital financing 4420: 4412:Dividend recapitalization 4377: 4368: 4325: 4277: 3868:"Hong Kong in Honduras", 3741:. AOL. 17 February 2012. 3681:. AOL. 15 February 2010. 2922:10.1177/23939575221139944 1823:10.1016/j.lrp.2009.07.003 1008:Technological solutionism 649:. Prior to the advent of 385: 4844:Types of business entity 3840:10.1177/0001839216663504 3233:Bill Gross (June 2015). 3120:European Investment Bank 1568:10.3389/feduc.2018.00013 1448:10.1177/0170840607088017 1252:10.1177/1042258717721482 1026: 299:Entrepreneurial learning 160:Escalation of commitment 32:Startup (disambiguation) 4572:Institutional investors 3504:The Wall Street Journal 2967:The Wall Street Journal 2817:by Gregory Gromov 2010. 2558:10.1126/science.aan5329 2305:smallbusiness.chron.com 2080:The Wall Street Journal 1704:www.startupindia.gov.in 738:Series E, F and Beyond 686:Revenue-based financing 655:initial public offering 371:shareholders' agreement 115:the illusion of control 4710:Liquidation preference 4675:Distribution waterfall 4627:Sovereign wealth funds 4086:10.2307/j.ctvq4bxrv.14 3027:Bloomberg Businessweek 2616:10.5465/amle.2012.0293 1771:Larrick, R.P. (2004). 1555:Frontiers in Education 1275:Erin Griffith (2014). 1033:San Francisco bay area 838:Securities Act of 1933 638: 615: 604:Shockley Semiconductor 516: 395: 340:Organizational founder 334:Founders/entrepreneurs 76:minimum viable product 4783:Venture capital firms 4535:Venture capital trust 4143:Shane, Scott (2008). 4007:10.3917/sava.051.0033 3657:www.crowdsourcing.org 3629:. 24 September 2013. 3599:. 24 September 2013. 3260:"Timing your startup" 3059:. 23 September 2013. 3033:on September 21, 2013 2969:. 23 September 2013. 2751:Sutton, S.M. (2000). 1942:Journal of Management 780:intellectual property 636: 600: 574:, in France with the 537:business accelerators 514: 390: 325:Business Model Design 278:disruptive innovation 4763:Private equity firms 4491:Private equity firms 4440:Post-money valuation 4317:Equity co-investment 1436:Organization Studies 1123:"What Is A Startup?" 1087:Platform cooperative 857:accredited investors 784:intellectual capital 743:Necessity of funding 679:return on investment 529:Chambers of commerce 408:Emotional exhaustion 142:law of small numbers 4849:Business incubators 4813:Portfolio companies 4730:Undercapitalization 4582:Insurance companies 4500:Limited partnership 4445:Pre-money valuation 3960:10.3917/lp.409.0031 3872:, 10 December 2011. 3800:The Washington Post 3711:. AOL. 3 May 2011. 3208:The Startup Journal 2717:Ries, Eric (2011). 2689:Management Decision 2549:2017Sci...357.1287C 2543:(6357): 1287–1290. 2478:10.2139/ssrn.933932 1811:Long Range Planning 1011:solutions quickly. 651:equity crowdfunding 568:creative industries 548:Stanford University 533:business incubators 132:Illusion of control 4665:Capital commitment 4435:Business incubator 4402:Buy–sell agreement 3440:. 30 August 2018. 2862:2016-06-16 at the 2855:Majewski, Taylor. 2828:"NY Tech Alliance" 2813:2013-06-01 at the 2210:www.techinasia.com 1676:. 18 August 2020. 1508:10.1111/etap.12212 1282:2021-02-17 at the 1062:Business incubator 913:Target Corporation 851:. Title II of the 639: 517: 305:Validated learning 4821: 4820: 4670:Capital structure 4555: 4554: 4397:Divisional buyout 4392:Management buyout 4387:Financial sponsor 4156:978-0-300-11331-0 3401:978-981-12-3581-8 2769:10.1109/52.854066 2721:. Crown Business. 894:Internal startups 849:Startup ecosystem 584:AREA Science Park 521:startup ecosystem 440:In a 1960 study, 245:, and anchoring. 227:Market validation 151:Availability bias 86:Design principles 16:(Redirected from 4856: 4834:Entrepreneurship 4811: 4810: 4801: 4800: 4791: 4790: 4781: 4780: 4771: 4770: 4761: 4760: 4751: 4750: 4612:Commercial banks 4602:Investment banks 4510:Carried interest 4375: 4374: 4278:Investment types 4260: 4253: 4246: 4237: 4236: 4230: 4229: 4227: 4226: 4220:TheRecursive.com 4211: 4205: 4204: 4202: 4201: 4186: 4180: 4179: 4177: 4176: 4140: 4134: 4133: 4131: 4129: 4109: 4103: 4102: 4101: 4100: 4070: 4064: 4063: 4053: 4051:10.4000/nrt.3390 4033: 4027: 4026: 3986: 3980: 3979: 3939: 3930: 3929: 3927: 3925: 3904: 3898: 3897: 3895: 3894: 3879: 3873: 3866: 3860: 3859: 3823: 3817: 3816: 3814: 3812: 3791: 3785: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3761: 3755: 3754: 3752: 3750: 3731: 3725: 3724: 3722: 3720: 3701: 3695: 3694: 3692: 3690: 3671: 3665: 3664: 3663:on 6 March 2016. 3659:. Archived from 3649: 3643: 3642: 3640: 3638: 3619: 3613: 3612: 3610: 3608: 3589: 3583: 3582: 3580: 3578: 3559: 3553: 3552: 3550: 3548: 3529: 3523: 3522: 3520: 3519: 3494: 3488: 3485: 3479: 3478: 3476: 3475: 3460: 3454: 3453: 3451: 3449: 3430: 3424: 3423: 3422: 3421: 3375: 3369: 3368: 3366: 3365: 3345: 3339: 3338: 3336: 3334: 3314: 3308: 3307: 3305: 3303: 3281: 3275: 3274: 3272: 3271: 3256: 3250: 3249: 3247: 3246: 3230: 3224: 3223: 3221: 3219: 3199: 3193: 3192: 3190: 3189: 3178:www.mckinsey.com 3170: 3164: 3163: 3161: 3160: 3149:www.mckinsey.com 3141: 3135: 3134: 3132: 3131: 3112: 3103: 3102: 3100: 3098: 3079: 3073: 3072: 3070: 3068: 3049: 3043: 3042: 3040: 3038: 3019: 3013: 3012: 3010: 3008: 2989: 2983: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2959: 2953: 2952: 2950: 2949: 2901: 2895: 2894: 2892: 2891: 2873: 2867: 2853: 2847: 2846: 2844: 2843: 2824: 2818: 2805: 2799: 2796: 2790: 2787: 2781: 2780: 2748: 2742: 2739: 2733: 2729: 2723: 2722: 2714: 2708: 2707: 2699: 2693: 2692: 2680: 2674: 2673: 2661: 2655: 2654: 2642: 2636: 2635: 2595: 2589: 2588: 2570: 2560: 2528: 2519: 2515: 2506: 2498: 2492: 2488: 2482: 2481: 2461: 2455: 2454: 2448: 2440: 2422: 2416: 2415: 2413: 2412: 2393: 2387: 2386: 2384: 2383: 2369: 2363: 2362: 2360: 2358: 2339: 2333: 2327: 2321: 2320: 2318: 2316: 2297: 2291: 2290: 2289:. February 1996. 2279: 2273: 2272: 2262: 2234: 2225: 2224: 2222: 2221: 2202: 2196: 2195: 2158: 2152: 2151: 2149: 2148: 2134: 2128: 2127: 2125: 2123: 2114:. Archived from 2103: 2097: 2096: 2094: 2092: 2070: 2064: 2063: 2062: 2060: 2040: 2034: 2033: 2031: 2030: 2010: 2004: 2003: 2001: 1999: 1980: 1974: 1973: 1937: 1931: 1930: 1894: 1885: 1884: 1882: 1881: 1841: 1835: 1834: 1817:(2–3): 172–194. 1806: 1800: 1799: 1787: 1781: 1780: 1768: 1762: 1761: 1759: 1757: 1725: 1719: 1718: 1716: 1715: 1696: 1690: 1689: 1687: 1685: 1666: 1660: 1659: 1627: 1618: 1617: 1597: 1591: 1590: 1580: 1570: 1546: 1540: 1539: 1537: 1535: 1487: 1478: 1477: 1459: 1431: 1425: 1424: 1376: 1370: 1369: 1367: 1366: 1346: 1340: 1339: 1321: 1293: 1287: 1273: 1264: 1263: 1235: 1224: 1223: 1221: 1219: 1208:www.linkedin.com 1200: 1194: 1193: 1191: 1189: 1183: 1175:10.1002/sej.1130 1160: 1151: 1145: 1144: 1142: 1140: 1118: 1057:Brand management 1039:with 12,500 and 864:Investing online 834:Great Depression 791:Investing rounds 611:William Shockley 558:is located) and 442:Douglas McGregor 435:pinball machines 399: 356:The language of 55:entrepreneurship 21: 4864: 4863: 4859: 4858: 4857: 4855: 4854: 4853: 4824: 4823: 4822: 4817: 4803:Angel investors 4739: 4690:High-yield debt 4643:financial terms 4642: 4636: 4551: 4479: 4460:Startup company 4416: 4370: 4364: 4321: 4273: 4271:venture capital 4264: 4234: 4233: 4224: 4222: 4212: 4208: 4199: 4197: 4187: 4183: 4174: 4172: 4157: 4141: 4137: 4127: 4125: 4110: 4106: 4098: 4096: 4072: 4071: 4067: 4034: 4030: 3987: 3983: 3940: 3933: 3923: 3921: 3916:. 29 May 2019. 3906: 3905: 3901: 3892: 3890: 3881: 3880: 3876: 3867: 3863: 3824: 3820: 3810: 3808: 3793: 3792: 3788: 3778: 3776: 3763: 3762: 3758: 3748: 3746: 3733: 3732: 3728: 3718: 3716: 3703: 3702: 3698: 3688: 3686: 3673: 3672: 3668: 3651: 3650: 3646: 3636: 3634: 3621: 3620: 3616: 3606: 3604: 3591: 3590: 3586: 3576: 3574: 3561: 3560: 3556: 3546: 3544: 3531: 3530: 3526: 3517: 3515: 3495: 3491: 3486: 3482: 3473: 3471: 3462: 3461: 3457: 3447: 3445: 3432: 3431: 3427: 3419: 3417: 3402: 3376: 3372: 3363: 3361: 3346: 3342: 3332: 3330: 3315: 3311: 3301: 3299: 3282: 3278: 3269: 3267: 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2028: 2026: 2011: 2007: 1997: 1995: 1982: 1981: 1977: 1938: 1934: 1895: 1888: 1879: 1877: 1842: 1838: 1807: 1803: 1788: 1784: 1769: 1765: 1755: 1753: 1726: 1722: 1713: 1711: 1698: 1697: 1693: 1683: 1681: 1668: 1667: 1663: 1628: 1621: 1614: 1598: 1594: 1547: 1543: 1533: 1531: 1488: 1481: 1432: 1428: 1377: 1373: 1364: 1362: 1347: 1343: 1294: 1290: 1284:Wayback Machine 1274: 1267: 1236: 1227: 1217: 1215: 1202: 1201: 1197: 1187: 1185: 1181: 1158: 1152: 1148: 1138: 1136: 1119: 1115: 1110: 1082:Liquidity event 1053: 1029: 997: 939: 933: 896: 866: 830: 801:angel investors 793: 766: 745: 631: 591:internet bubble 578:or in Italy in 525:angel investors 509: 489: 483: 474: 455: 419: 410: 401: 397: 388: 379: 347:market research 342: 336: 327: 307: 301: 264: 251: 238: 236:Design thinking 229: 200: 192: 175: 100: 88: 71: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4862: 4852: 4851: 4846: 4841: 4839:Private equity 4836: 4819: 4818: 4816: 4815: 4805: 4795: 4785: 4775: 4765: 4755: 4744: 4741: 4740: 4738: 4737: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4717: 4712: 4707: 4702: 4697: 4692: 4687: 4682: 4677: 4672: 4667: 4662: 4657: 4652: 4646: 4644: 4638: 4637: 4635: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4622:Family offices 4619: 4614: 4609: 4607:Merchant banks 4604: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4569: 4563: 4561: 4557: 4556: 4553: 4552: 4550: 4549: 4544: 4539: 4538: 4537: 4532: 4522: 4517: 4515:Management fee 4512: 4507: 4502: 4497: 4487: 4485: 4481: 4480: 4478: 4477: 4472: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4430:Angel investor 4426: 4424: 4418: 4417: 4415: 4414: 4409: 4404: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4383: 4381: 4372: 4366: 4365: 4363: 4362: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4331: 4329: 4323: 4322: 4320: 4319: 4314: 4309: 4304: 4299: 4294: 4293: 4292: 4281: 4279: 4275: 4274: 4267:Private equity 4263: 4262: 4255: 4248: 4240: 4232: 4231: 4206: 4181: 4155: 4135: 4104: 4065: 4028: 3981: 3931: 3899: 3874: 3861: 3818: 3786: 3756: 3726: 3696: 3666: 3644: 3614: 3584: 3554: 3524: 3489: 3480: 3455: 3425: 3400: 3370: 3340: 3309: 3276: 3251: 3225: 3194: 3165: 3136: 3104: 3083:"Investor.gov" 3074: 3044: 3014: 2984: 2954: 2896: 2868: 2848: 2819: 2800: 2791: 2782: 2743: 2734: 2724: 2709: 2694: 2675: 2656: 2637: 2610:(2): 187–204. 2590: 2520: 2507: 2493: 2483: 2456: 2417: 2388: 2377:wilburlabs.com 2364: 2334: 2322: 2292: 2274: 2245:(5): 583–597. 2226: 2197: 2170:(2): 348–367. 2153: 2129: 2118:on 5 July 2014 2098: 2065: 2035: 2005: 1975: 1948:(6): 801–822. 1932: 1886: 1836: 1801: 1782: 1763: 1720: 1691: 1661: 1619: 1612: 1592: 1541: 1502:(3): 419–454. 1479: 1442:(3): 331–350. 1426: 1391:(2): 114–128. 1371: 1341: 1304:(3): 375–389. 1288: 1265: 1246:(6): 835–859. 1225: 1195: 1169:(2): 116–132. 1146: 1112: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1105: 1104: 1102:Unicorn bubble 1099: 1094: 1092:Small business 1089: 1084: 1079: 1074: 1069: 1064: 1059: 1052: 1049: 1028: 1025: 996: 993: 991:will be used. 932: 929: 895: 892: 885:in Europe and 865: 862: 829: 826: 821:private equity 792: 789: 765: 762: 744: 741: 740: 739: 736: 733: 730: 727: 721: 690:growth capital 659:stock exchange 630: 627: 596:Silicon Valley 544:Silicon Valley 508: 505: 482: 479: 473: 470: 454: 451: 418: 415: 409: 406: 389: 387: 384: 378: 375: 338:Main article: 335: 332: 326: 323: 300: 297: 296: 295: 292: 289: 263: 260: 250: 247: 243:hindsight bias 237: 234: 228: 225: 224: 223: 220: 217: 214: 211: 208: 199: 196: 191: 188: 174: 171: 166: 165: 156: 147: 137: 128: 123:Overconfidence 99: 96: 92:design science 87: 84: 78:(MVP), i.e. a 70: 67: 51:business model 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4861: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4831: 4829: 4814: 4806: 4804: 4796: 4794: 4786: 4784: 4776: 4774: 4766: 4764: 4756: 4754: 4746: 4745: 4742: 4736: 4733: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4701: 4698: 4696: 4693: 4691: 4688: 4686: 4683: 4681: 4678: 4676: 4673: 4671: 4668: 4666: 4663: 4661: 4658: 4656: 4653: 4651: 4648: 4647: 4645: 4639: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4587:Fund of funds 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4577:Pension funds 4575: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4564: 4562: 4558: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4536: 4533: 4531: 4528: 4527: 4526: 4523: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4492: 4489: 4488: 4486: 4482: 4476: 4475:Venture round 4473: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4428: 4427: 4425: 4423: 4419: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4384: 4382: 4380: 4376: 4373: 4367: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4335:Early history 4333: 4332: 4330: 4328: 4324: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4291: 4288: 4287: 4286: 4283: 4282: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4268: 4261: 4256: 4254: 4249: 4247: 4242: 4241: 4238: 4221: 4217: 4210: 4196: 4192: 4185: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4152: 4148: 4147: 4139: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4108: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4083: 4079: 4075: 4069: 4061: 4057: 4052: 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1113: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1093: 1090: 1088: 1085: 1083: 1080: 1078: 1075: 1073: 1070: 1068: 1067:Business plan 1065: 1063: 1060: 1058: 1055: 1054: 1048: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1037:New York City 1034: 1024: 1020: 1017: 1012: 1009: 1004: 1002: 992: 990: 986: 982: 978: 974: 970: 966: 962: 961:Ant Financial 958: 957: 952: 948: 944: 938: 928: 926: 922: 918: 914: 910: 906: 902: 891: 888: 884: 880: 876: 872: 861: 858: 854: 850: 845: 843: 839: 835: 825: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 788: 785: 781: 777: 776: 775:The Economist 771: 761: 759: 755: 751: 737: 734: 731: 728: 725: 722: 720:Angel funding 719: 718: 717: 714: 710: 708: 704: 699: 695: 691: 687: 682: 680: 676: 675:bootstrapping 670: 666: 664: 660: 656: 652: 648: 643: 635: 626: 624: 623:patent trolls 620: 619:New York City 614: 612: 609: 605: 599: 597: 592: 587: 585: 581: 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 549: 545: 540: 538: 534: 530: 526: 522: 513: 504: 501: 497: 493: 488: 478: 469: 465: 462: 461: 450: 448: 447:stock options 443: 438: 436: 432: 428: 424: 414: 405: 400: 394: 383: 377:Self-efficacy 374: 372: 367: 363: 359: 354: 350: 348: 341: 331: 322: 320: 316: 313: 306: 293: 290: 287: 286: 285: 281: 279: 275: 270: 259: 255: 246: 244: 233: 221: 218: 215: 212: 209: 206: 205: 204: 195: 187: 184: 183:self-efficacy 180: 170: 163: 161: 157: 154: 152: 148: 145: 143: 138: 135: 133: 129: 126: 124: 120: 119: 118: 116: 111: 109: 105: 95: 93: 83: 81: 77: 66: 64: 60: 56: 52: 48: 44: 40: 33: 19: 4735:Vintage year 4660:Capital call 4632:Crowdfunding 4567:Corporations 4470:Venture debt 4459: 4223:. Retrieved 4219: 4209: 4198:. Retrieved 4194: 4184: 4173:. Retrieved 4145: 4138: 4126:. Retrieved 4117: 4107: 4097:, retrieved 4077: 4068: 4041: 4031: 4001:(1): 33–40. 3998: 3994: 3984: 3954:(1): 31–42. 3951: 3947: 3922:. Retrieved 3911: 3902: 3891:. Retrieved 3877: 3864: 3834:(1): 31–66. 3831: 3827: 3821: 3809:. Retrieved 3798: 3789: 3779:23 September 3777:. Retrieved 3768: 3759: 3747:. Retrieved 3738: 3729: 3717:. Retrieved 3708: 3699: 3687:. Retrieved 3678: 3669: 3661:the original 3656: 3647: 3637:24 September 3635:. Retrieved 3626: 3617: 3607:24 September 3605:. Retrieved 3596: 3587: 3575:. Retrieved 3566: 3557: 3547:24 September 3545:. Retrieved 3536: 3527: 3516:. Retrieved 3502: 3492: 3483: 3472:. Retrieved 3467: 3458: 3446:. Retrieved 3438:Vivek Wadhwa 3437: 3428: 3418:, retrieved 3383: 3373: 3362:. Retrieved 3353: 3343: 3331:. Retrieved 3322: 3312: 3300:. Retrieved 3291:Entrepreneur 3289: 3279: 3268:. Retrieved 3254: 3243:. Retrieved 3228: 3216:. Retrieved 3207: 3197: 3186:. 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