425:. He identified the embrace of racial essentialism among African-American leaders and intellectuals as a diversion from issues more central to the betterment of African Americans and society as a whole. In the 1990s, he upset many political thinkers when he declared himself a "radical pragmatist". He explained, "I affirm whatever I think has the best chance of working, of being both inspirational and unsentimental, of reasoning across the categories of false division and beyond the decoy of race".
766:
746:
726:
706:
686:
663:
266:, who influenced his thinking in a direction less centered on race. He stated with regard to Murray's influence, "I saw how important it is to free yourself from ideology. When you look at things solely in terms of race or class, you miss what is really going on." He made a final, public break with black nationalist ideology in 1979, in an exchange with
276:. He was also emerging as a public critic of recent cultural and artistic trends that he saw as empty, phony, or corrupt. His targets included the fusion and avant-garde movements in jazz (including his own participation in the latter) and literature that he saw as hiding their lack of merit behind racial posturing. As a writer for the
31:
622:
for being "as bold in his support for New York City police officers as he is in his condemnation of the city’s “cheapskate” attitude in compensating the men and women who risk their lives every day to keep New York City safe and civil", which awards annual awards to men who perform acts of political
511:
Robert
Boynton wrote: "Enthusiastic, combative, and never averse to attention, Crouch has a virtually insatiable appetite for controversy." Boynton also observed: "Few cultural critics have a vision as eclectic and intriguing as Stanley Crouch's. Fewer still actually fight to prove their points."
518:
following his controversial article "Putting the White Man in Charge" in which he stated that, since the 1960s, "white musicians who can play are too frequently elevated far beyond their abilities in order to allow white writers to make themselves feel more comfortable about being in the role of
227:
were a pivotal event in his early development as a thinker on racial issues. A quote from the rioting, "Ain't no ambulances for no nigguhs tonight", was used as a title for a polemical speech that advocated black nationalist ideas, released as a recording in 1969; it was also used for a 1972
908:
Crouch was dissatisfied with the term "African-American", which he found pretentious and unwieldy. He did not object to the term black and was glad that it lost its former pejorative sense, but especially appreciated that Negro, and even colored, encompass a broad range of skin
552:, Crouch served on the film's advisory board and appears extensively. Some jazz critics and aficionados cited the participation of Marsalis and Crouch specifically as reasons for what they believed to be the film's undue focus on
206:
scene. He became an enthusiast for jazz in both the aesthetic and historical senses. He graduated from Thomas
Jefferson High School in Los Angeles in 1963. After high school, he attended junior colleges and became active in the
255:. By his own admission he was not a good drummer, saying "The problem was that I couldn't really play. Since I was doing this avant-garde stuff, I didn't have to be all that good, but I was a real knucklehead."
215:. He was also involved in artistic and educational projects centered on the African-American community of Los Angeles, soon gaining recognition for his poetry. In 1968, he became poet-in-residence at
280:
from 1980 to 1988, he was known for his blunt criticisms of his targets and tendency to excoriate their participants. It was during this period that he became a friend and intellectual mentor to
1872:
1447:
1385:
235:, he formed the group Black Music Infinity. In 1975, he sought to further his endeavors with a move from California to New York City, where he shared a loft with Murray above an
335:
and a syndicated columnist. He also participated as a source in documentaries and as a guest in televised discussions. During the 2000s he was a featured commentator on
1295:
1237:
575:
153:(December 14, 1945 – September 16, 2020) was an American poet, music and cultural critic, syndicated columnist, novelist, and biographer. He was known for his
1173:. Retrieved February 21, 2019: "In my Brooklyn neighborhood of Carroll Gardens, I often ride my bike over to the Clover Club to hear the Michael Arenella Quartet."
1416:
329:
Crouch continued to be an active author, producing works of fiction and nonfiction, articles for periodicals and newspaper columns. He was a columnist for the
619:
2131:
958:
490:
From the late 1970s, Crouch was critical of forms of jazz that diverge from what he regarded as its essential core values, similar to the opinions of
194:, and many of the other classics of American literature by the time he finished high school. His mother told him of the experiences of her youth in
2191:
2121:
2101:
531:
called Crouch "my best friend in the world" and "mentor". The two met after
Marsalis, at the age of 17, settled in New York City to attend the
386:
2126:
2111:
1992:
471:
music, asserting that it promotes violence, criminal lifestyles, and degrading attitudes toward women. With this viewpoint, he defended
2151:
1478:
1455:
1393:
589:
212:
2186:
2136:
2116:
2106:
1326:
1245:
417:
movement of the late 1960s. His critiques of his former co-thinkers, whom he refers to as a "lost generation", are collected in
168:
Stanley
Lawrence Crouch was born in Los Angeles, the son of James and Emma Bea (Ford) Crouch. He was raised by his mother. In
2069:
2006:
1223:
641:
634:
444:
141:
2171:
1424:
1303:
494:
on the same topic. In jazz critic Alex
Henderson's assessment, Crouch was a "rigid jazz purist" and "a blistering critic of
1985:
1905:
323:
1110:
2166:
2141:
374:
Crouch became less of a public figure due to declining health during his last decade. He died on
September 16, 2020, at
2062:
1763:
2211:
2201:
1368:
1184:
2156:
1128:
1146:
2196:
2161:
1164:
378:
in New York City. The cause of death was a "long, unspecified illness," though he also struggled with a bout of
2206:
615:
438:
1999:
288:
movement that he saw as reviving the core values of jazz. In 1987, he became an artistic consultant for the
2146:
1639:
930:
729:
2181:
232:
1553:
306:
1867:
1296:"Nation in love with minstrelsy: Spike Lee, Tyler Perry, Snoop Dogg and struggle to define blackness"
569:
402:
319:
1898:
1841:
1527:
1327:"Cornel West is an expert showman but nothing more: The lead huckster of the Ivy League's takedown"
623:
allyship towards policing as a construct and has been presided over by
Patrick J. Lynch since 1999.
487:
he wrote, "what dredged-up scum you are willing to pay for is what scum you get, on or off stage."
432:, Crouch frequently criticized prominent African Americans. Crouch was critical of, among others:
199:
749:
2025:
1950:
1504:
1001:
390:
375:
236:
1609:
1360:
1085:
1056:
769:
709:
666:
604:
491:
343:
289:
263:
174:
1862:
1827:
2176:
1978:
1268:
1114:
567:, Crouch appeared in other Burns films, including the DVD for the 2002 remastered version of
208:
2096:
2091:
1941:
1583:
413:
As a political thinker, Crouch was initially drawn to, then became disillusioned with, the
348:
316:
179:
829:
The All-American Skin Game, or, The Decoy of Race: The Long and the Short of It, 1990–1994
423:
The All-American Skin Game, or, The Decoy of Race: The Long and the Short of It, 1990–1994
8:
1891:
1848:
1169:
596:
557:
331:
191:
1785:
689:
1932:
1353:
935:
608:
337:
1735:
2043:
1959:
1877:
1813:
1364:
1219:
592:
Award, a $ 25,000 award designed to protect speech as it applies to the written word.
502:". Crouch commented: "We should laugh at those who make artistic claims for fusion."
476:
1631:
548:
532:
495:
248:
243:. He was a drummer for Murray and with other musicians of the underground New York
203:
183:
82:
1027:"HIP WAX (hipwax.com) VINYL RECORDS -- Funk, Soul, Funky Rock, Disco, Breakbeats"
627:
528:
480:
281:
252:
1853:
311:
as the best book of essays published in 1990. That was followed by receipt of a
1448:"Hip Hop Takes a Hit; Black Women Are Starting to Fight Rap's Degrading Images"
507:
360:
240:
220:
216:
1661:
178:, Crouch said that his father was a "criminal" and that he once met the boxer
2085:
2034:
1147:"The Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture Remembers Stanley Crouch"
312:
272:
259:
78:
1185:"Then & now, I'm a Negro: The people who used that word gave it majesty"
976:
600:
484:
461:
285:
267:
251:
series at the club, as well as organizing occasional concert events at the
1201:
Author unidentified (January 30, 1995). "The 100 Smartest New
Yorkers".
599:, which awards annual fellowships to people working on issues of race and
292:
program, joined by
Marsalis, who later became artistic director, in 1991.
182:. As a child he was a voracious reader, having read the complete works of
536:
499:
468:
457:
449:
414:
224:
55:
1915:
1818:
1809:
1686:
931:"Stanley Crouch, Critic Who Saw American Democracy in Jazz, Dies at 74"
472:
433:
247:
scene. While working as a drummer, Crouch conducted the booking for an
195:
187:
59:
1712:
553:
543:
514:
453:
244:
169:
1837:
379:
1026:
1857:
522:
519:
evaluating an art from which they feel substantially alienated."
30:
595:
In 2005, he was selected as one of the inaugural fellows by the
1822:
777:
757:
737:
717:
697:
677:
1883:
959:"Stanley Crouch's 'Kansas City Lightning,' on Charlie Parker"
535:. The two shared a close relationship, Crouch having written
1873:"Black and Pragmatic: The Life and Books of Stanley Crouch"
851:
One Shot Harris: The
Photographs of Charles "Teenie" Harris
808:
Kansas City Lightning: The Rise and Times of Charlie Parker
483:
for speaking out against rap music. With regard to rapper
154:
1355:
Amiri Baraka: The Politics and Art of a Black Intellectual
1057:"The Professor of Connection: A profile of Stanley Crouch"
385:
Crouch's personal and professional papers are held by the
355:(2000), a collection of his reviews and writings on jazz,
822:
Always in Pursuit: Fresh American Perspectives, 1995-1997
588:
In 2004, Crouch was invited to a panel of judges for the
576:
Unforgivable Blackness: The Rise and Fall of Jack Johnson
542:
When Marsalis served as "Senior Creative Consultant" for
231:
Crouch was then active as a jazz drummer. Together with
836:
Notes of a Hanging Judge: Essays and Reviews, 1979–1989
419:
Notes of a Hanging Judge: Essays and Reviews, 1979–1989
301:
Notes of a Hanging Judge: Essays and Reviews, 1979–1989
1788:. Windham–Campbell Literature Prize. February 29, 2016
620:
Police Benevolent Association of the City of New York
539:
for Marsalis' albums since his debut album in 1982.
1479:"Tupac shows risk of being rapped up in stage life"
1352:
1269:"The All-American Skin Game, or the Decoy of Race"
1111:"Stanley Crouch, Towering Jazz Critic, Dead At 74"
1216:The All-American Skin Game; or, The Decoy of Race
730:Presentation by Crouch and Playthell Benjamin on
2083:
1662:"On Ken Burns JAZZ documentary - and Bill Evans"
815:The Artificial White Man: Essays on Authenticity
1417:"Some Blacks Stand Tall Against the Buffoonery"
1359:. New York: New York University Press. p.
582:
16:American writer and cultural critic (1945–2020)
1578:
1576:
1574:
523:Association with Wynton Marsalis and Ken Burns
387:Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture
1899:
994:
614:In 2005, Crouch was named Man Of The Year by
359:(2007), and a biography of the jazz musician
1764:"PBA names Stanley Crouch 'Man of the Year'"
1584:"Wynton Marsalis - Pulitzer Prize for Music"
1993:George W. Bush military service controversy
1571:
1906:
1892:
1386:"Fatal Attraction: Rappers & Violence"
884:Ain't No Ambulances for No Nigguhs Tonight
213:Student Nonviolent Co-ordinating Committee
29:
2132:21st-century American non-fiction writers
1733:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1713:"PEN/Newman's Own First Amendment Award"
1086:"Louis Armstrong Educational Foundation"
794:Victory Is Assured: Uncollected Writings
219:, then taught theatre and literature at
1734:Bernstein, Elizabeth (April 15, 2005).
1659:
1127:West, Michael J. (September 17, 2020).
1055:Boynton, Robert S. (November 6, 1995).
1054:
928:
922:
2084:
1551:
1525:
1477:Crouch, Stanley (September 11, 1996).
1476:
1445:
1414:
1383:
1324:
1293:
1235:
1182:
1080:
1078:
1037:
956:
198:and the black culture of the southern
2192:People from Carroll Gardens, Brooklyn
2122:21st-century African-American writers
2102:20th-century African-American writers
2007:Killian documents authenticity issues
1887:
1528:"Four-Letter Words: Rap & Fusion"
1502:
1350:
1109:Iverson, Ethan (September 16, 2020),
904:
902:
843:Reconsidering the Souls of Black Folk
732:Reconsidering the Souls of Black Folk
642:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
445:Roots: The Saga of an American Family
1986:CBS News controversies and criticism
1266:
1183:Crouch, Stanley (January 10, 2010).
1126:
1002:"California Birth Index (1905-1995)"
801:Considering Genius: Writings on Jazz
630:Educational Foundation from 2009 on.
324:American Academy of Arts and Letters
1075:
969:
957:Garner, Dwight (October 10, 2013).
929:Roberts, Sam (September 16, 2020).
467:Crouch was also a fierce critic of
13:
2127:21st-century American male writers
2112:20th-century American male writers
1766:(Press release). September 2, 2005
1446:Crouch, Stanley (April 23, 2004).
1384:Crouch, Stanley (March 12, 1997).
1294:Crouch, Stanley (April 25, 2011).
1236:Crouch, Stanley (April 12, 1998).
1163:Crouch, Stanley (March 28, 2011).
899:
626:Crouch served as president of the
367:(2013). His posthumous collection
322:and the Jean Stein Award from the
14:
2223:
2152:American male non-fiction writers
1849:Profile at The Whiting Foundation
1803:
1590:. American Academy of Achievement
1554:"Putting the White Man in Charge"
1238:"The Roots of Alex Haley's Fraud"
1165:"This crazy quilt called America"
635:Windham–Campbell Literature Prize
479:" and praised a women's group at
428:In his syndicated column for the
371:(2022) was edited by Glenn Mott.
347:(2005), on the life of the boxer
142:Windham–Campbell Literature Prize
1415:Crouch, Stanley (May 27, 2004).
1325:Crouch, Stanley (May 23, 2011).
764:
744:
724:
704:
684:
661:
633:In 2016, Crouch was awarded the
396:
2187:Novelists from New York (state)
2137:21st-century American novelists
2117:20th-century American novelists
2107:20th-century American essayists
1778:
1756:
1727:
1705:
1679:
1653:
1624:
1602:
1545:
1519:
1496:
1470:
1439:
1408:
1377:
1344:
1318:
1287:
1260:
1229:
1208:
1195:
1176:
1157:
1139:
648:
351:. He also published the novel
1913:
1552:Crouch, Stanley (April 2003).
1526:Crouch, Stanley (March 2002).
1120:
1103:
1019:
950:
785:
439:The Autobiography of Malcolm X
172:' 2005 television documentary
1:
2000:Killian documents controversy
916:
867:Don't the Moon Look Lonesome?
845:, with Playthell G. Benjamin
353:Don't The Moon Look Lonesome?
159:Don't the Moon Look Lonesome?
157:criticism and his 2000 novel
131:Don't the Moon Look Lonesome?
1505:"Stanley Crouch - Biography"
1267:Lamb, Brian (May 12, 1996).
1090:Louisarmstrongfoundation.org
583:Awards, honors, distinctions
163:
7:
1640:Public Broadcasting Service
1610:"Wynton Marsalis - Credits"
1351:Watts, Jerry Gafio (2001).
640:Crouch was a member of the
408:
10:
2228:
2167:American music journalists
2142:African-American novelists
1129:"Stanley Crouch 1945–2020"
858:
750:Presentation by Crouch on
710:Presentation by Crouch on
690:Presentation by Crouch on
672:The All-American Skin Game
603:and directed by Professor
460:, and poet and playwright
382:in the spring. He was 74.
2054:
2016:
1970:
1923:
875:
770:Interview with Crouch on
763:
743:
723:
703:
683:
670:interview with Crouch on
660:
655:
573:and the 2004 documentary
403:Carroll Gardens, Brooklyn
284:, and an advocate of the
228:collection of his poems.
137:
124:
98:
90:
67:
37:
28:
21:
2212:Writers from Los Angeles
2202:Radical centrist writers
2172:Harper's Magazine people
1214:Crouch, Stanley (1995),
1205:, vol. 28, no. 5, p. 41.
892:
752:The Artificial White Man
303:, which was selected by
108:music and culture critic
2157:American male novelists
1951:My Kid Could Paint That
1743:The Wall Street Journal
1691:Internet Movie Database
1666:The Bill Evans Webpages
391:New York Public Library
307:Encyclopædia Britannica
295:After his stint at the
151:Stanley Lawrence Crouch
42:Stanley Lawrence Crouch
2197:Pomona College faculty
2162:American music critics
2055:International versions
1979:Brown & Williamson
605:Henry Louis Gates, Jr.
512:Crouch was fired from
344:Unforgivable Blackness
290:Jazz at Lincoln Center
175:Unforgivable Blackness
2207:Writers from Brooklyn
1831:interview with Crouch
1715:. PEN American Center
1660:Stevens, Jan (2001).
1153:. September 22, 2020.
1115:National Public Radio
772:Kansas City Lightning
365:Kansas City Lightning
209:civil rights movement
1942:Mike Wallace Is Here
1588:The Achiever Gallery
317:MacArthur Foundation
2147:American columnists
1483:New York Daily News
1452:New York Daily News
1421:New York Daily News
1390:New York Daily News
1331:New York Daily News
1300:New York Daily News
1242:New York Daily News
1218:, Pantheon Books.
1170:New York Daily News
714:, November 14, 1998
694:, February 13, 1998
597:Fletcher Foundation
558:straight-ahead jazz
546:' 2001 documentary
448:; community leader
430:New York Daily News
332:New York Daily News
299:, Crouch published
192:F. Scott Fitzgerald
963:The New York Times
936:The New York Times
754:, October 27, 2004
609:Harvard University
369:Victory Is Assured
357:Considering Genius
258:Crouch befriended
211:, working for the
144:(nonfiction), 2016
71:September 16, 2020
2182:MacArthur Fellows
2079:
2078:
2044:60 Minutes Sports
1878:Publishers Weekly
1503:Henderson, Alex.
1224:978-0-679-44202-8
1203:New York Magazine
1063:. pp. 97–116
890:
889:
873:
872:
856:
855:
783:
782:
712:Always in Pursuit
692:Always in Pursuit
477:Pound Cake Speech
286:neotraditionalist
148:
147:
52:December 14, 1945
2219:
2072:
2065:
2047:
2038:
2029:
2009:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1963:
1954:
1945:
1936:
1908:
1901:
1894:
1885:
1884:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1786:"Stanley Crouch"
1782:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1740:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1687:"Stanley Crouch"
1683:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1580:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1454:. Archived from
1443:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1423:. Archived from
1412:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1392:. Archived from
1381:
1375:
1374:
1358:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1302:. Archived from
1291:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1248:on July 10, 2012
1244:. Archived from
1233:
1227:
1212:
1206:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1180:
1174:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1124:
1118:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1082:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1052:
1035:
1034:
1023:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1012:
998:
992:
991:
989:
987:
977:"Stanley Crouch"
973:
967:
966:
954:
948:
947:
945:
943:
926:
910:
906:
880:
879:
863:
862:
790:
789:
768:
767:
748:
747:
728:
727:
708:
707:
688:
687:
665:
664:
653:
652:
590:PEN/Newman's Own
533:Juilliard School
496:avant-garde jazz
436:, the author of
401:Crouch lived in
376:Calvary Hospital
249:avant-garde jazz
239:club called the
223:until 1975. The
204:Kansas City jazz
202:, including the
184:Ernest Hemingway
127:
74:
51:
49:
33:
19:
18:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2216:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2050:
2041:
2032:
2023:
2012:
2005:
1998:
1991:
1984:
1977:
1966:
1957:
1948:
1939:
1930:
1919:
1912:
1863:Brief biography
1856:discography at
1806:
1801:
1791:
1789:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1769:
1767:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1747:
1745:
1738:
1732:
1728:
1718:
1716:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1696:
1694:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1670:
1668:
1658:
1654:
1644:
1642:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1615:
1613:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1593:
1591:
1582:
1581:
1572:
1562:
1560:
1550:
1546:
1536:
1534:
1524:
1520:
1510:
1508:
1501:
1497:
1487:
1485:
1475:
1471:
1461:
1459:
1458:on May 15, 2012
1444:
1440:
1430:
1428:
1427:on July 1, 2012
1413:
1409:
1399:
1397:
1396:on May 15, 2012
1382:
1378:
1371:
1349:
1345:
1335:
1333:
1323:
1319:
1309:
1307:
1306:on May 15, 2012
1292:
1288:
1278:
1276:
1265:
1261:
1251:
1249:
1234:
1230:
1213:
1209:
1200:
1196:
1181:
1177:
1162:
1158:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1125:
1121:
1108:
1104:
1094:
1092:
1084:
1083:
1076:
1066:
1064:
1053:
1038:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1010:
1008:
1000:
999:
995:
985:
983:
975:
974:
970:
955:
951:
941:
939:
927:
923:
919:
914:
913:
907:
900:
895:
878:
861:
788:
765:
745:
734:, April 2, 2003
725:
705:
685:
662:
656:External videos
651:
628:Louis Armstrong
585:
529:Wynton Marsalis
525:
481:Spelman College
411:
399:
338:Ken Burns' Jazz
315:in 1991, and a
282:Wynton Marsalis
166:
125:
120:
86:
76:
72:
63:
53:
47:
45:
44:
43:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2225:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2066:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2039:
2030:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1955:
1946:
1937:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1911:
1910:
1903:
1896:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1854:Stanley Crouch
1851:
1846:
1838:Stanley Crouch
1835:
1834:
1833:
1816:
1810:Stanley Crouch
1805:
1804:External links
1802:
1800:
1799:
1777:
1755:
1726:
1704:
1678:
1652:
1623:
1612:. allmusic.com
1601:
1570:
1544:
1518:
1495:
1469:
1438:
1407:
1376:
1369:
1343:
1317:
1286:
1259:
1228:
1207:
1194:
1175:
1156:
1138:
1119:
1102:
1074:
1061:The New Yorker
1036:
1031:www.hipwax.com
1018:
993:
968:
949:
920:
918:
915:
912:
911:
897:
896:
894:
891:
888:
887:
877:
874:
871:
870:
860:
857:
854:
853:
847:
846:
839:
838:
832:
831:
825:
824:
818:
817:
811:
810:
804:
803:
797:
796:
787:
784:
781:
780:
774:, May 30, 2013
761:
760:
741:
740:
721:
720:
701:
700:
681:
680:
674:, May 12, 1996
658:
657:
650:
647:
646:
645:
638:
631:
624:
612:
593:
584:
581:
524:
521:
508:The New Yorker
410:
407:
398:
395:
361:Charlie Parker
320:"genius" grant
221:Pomona College
217:Pitzer College
165:
162:
146:
145:
139:
135:
134:
128:
122:
121:
119:
118:
115:
112:
109:
106:
102:
100:
96:
95:
92:
88:
87:
77:
75:(aged 74)
69:
65:
64:
54:
41:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
23:Stanley Crouch
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2224:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2035:60 Minutes II
2031:
2028:
2027:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2008:
2004:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1962:
1961:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1909:
1904:
1902:
1897:
1895:
1890:
1889:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1868:DTM interview
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1836:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1787:
1781:
1765:
1759:
1744:
1737:
1736:"Giving Back"
1730:
1714:
1708:
1692:
1688:
1682:
1667:
1663:
1656:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1627:
1611:
1605:
1589:
1585:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1559:
1555:
1548:
1533:
1529:
1522:
1506:
1499:
1484:
1480:
1473:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1442:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1411:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1380:
1372:
1370:0-8147-9373-8
1366:
1362:
1357:
1356:
1347:
1332:
1328:
1321:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1290:
1274:
1270:
1263:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1232:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1211:
1204:
1198:
1190:
1189:NY Daily News
1186:
1179:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1160:
1152:
1148:
1142:
1134:
1130:
1123:
1116:
1112:
1106:
1091:
1087:
1081:
1079:
1062:
1058:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1032:
1028:
1022:
1007:
1003:
997:
982:
978:
972:
964:
960:
953:
938:
937:
932:
925:
921:
905:
903:
898:
885:
882:
881:
868:
865:
864:
852:
849:
848:
844:
841:
840:
837:
834:
833:
830:
827:
826:
823:
820:
819:
816:
813:
812:
809:
806:
805:
802:
799:
798:
795:
792:
791:
779:
775:
773:
762:
759:
755:
753:
742:
739:
735:
733:
722:
719:
715:
713:
702:
699:
695:
693:
682:
679:
675:
673:
669:
659:
654:
643:
639:
637:(nonfiction).
636:
632:
629:
625:
621:
617:
616:Patrick Lynch
613:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
591:
587:
586:
580:
578:
577:
572:
571:
570:The Civil War
566:
561:
559:
555:
551:
550:
545:
540:
538:
534:
530:
520:
517:
516:
510:
509:
503:
501:
497:
493:
492:Albert Murray
488:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
446:
441:
440:
435:
431:
426:
424:
420:
416:
406:
404:
397:Personal life
394:
392:
388:
383:
381:
377:
372:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
345:
340:
339:
334:
333:
327:
325:
321:
318:
314:
313:Whiting Award
310:
308:
302:
298:
293:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
274:
273:Village Voice
269:
265:
264:Albert Murray
261:
260:Ralph Ellison
256:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
229:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
176:
171:
161:
160:
156:
152:
143:
140:
136:
132:
129:
123:
116:
113:
110:
107:
104:
103:
101:
97:
93:
89:
84:
80:
79:New York City
70:
66:
61:
57:
40:
36:
32:
27:
20:
2177:Jazz writers
2042:
2033:
2024:
1958:
1949:
1940:
1931:
1924:In the media
1914:
1876:
1843:Charlie Rose
1842:
1828:
1790:. Retrieved
1780:
1768:. Retrieved
1758:
1746:. Retrieved
1742:
1729:
1717:. Retrieved
1707:
1695:. Retrieved
1690:
1681:
1669:. Retrieved
1665:
1655:
1645:September 4,
1643:. Retrieved
1635:
1626:
1614:. Retrieved
1604:
1592:. Retrieved
1587:
1561:. Retrieved
1557:
1547:
1535:. Retrieved
1531:
1521:
1509:. Retrieved
1498:
1486:. Retrieved
1482:
1472:
1460:. Retrieved
1456:the original
1451:
1441:
1429:. Retrieved
1425:the original
1420:
1410:
1398:. Retrieved
1394:the original
1389:
1379:
1354:
1346:
1334:. Retrieved
1330:
1320:
1308:. Retrieved
1304:the original
1299:
1289:
1277:. Retrieved
1272:
1262:
1250:. Retrieved
1246:the original
1241:
1231:
1215:
1210:
1202:
1197:
1188:
1178:
1168:
1159:
1150:
1141:
1132:
1122:
1105:
1093:. Retrieved
1089:
1065:. Retrieved
1060:
1030:
1021:
1009:. Retrieved
1005:
996:
984:. Retrieved
980:
971:
962:
952:
940:. Retrieved
934:
924:
883:
866:
850:
842:
835:
828:
821:
814:
807:
800:
793:
771:
751:
731:
711:
691:
671:
667:
649:Bibliography
601:civil rights
574:
568:
564:
562:
547:
541:
526:
513:
506:
504:
489:
485:Tupac Shakur
466:
462:Amiri Baraka
452:; filmmaker
443:
437:
429:
427:
422:
418:
412:
400:
384:
373:
368:
364:
356:
352:
349:Jack Johnson
342:
336:
330:
328:
304:
300:
296:
294:
277:
271:
268:Amiri Baraka
257:
253:Ladies' Fort
237:East Village
233:David Murray
230:
180:Jack Johnson
173:
167:
158:
150:
149:
133:(2000 novel)
130:
126:Notable work
73:(2020-09-16)
2097:2020 deaths
2092:1945 births
2070:New Zealand
1933:The Insider
1819:Appearances
1006:SFGenealogy
942:12 February
786:Non-fiction
554:traditional
537:liner notes
469:gangsta rap
458:Cornel West
450:Al Sharpton
415:Black Power
341:(2001) and
225:Watts riots
99:Occupations
91:Nationality
56:Los Angeles
2086:Categories
2026:30 Minutes
1916:60 Minutes
1693:. imdb.com
1507:. allmusic
1011:August 10,
986:August 10,
917:References
527:Trumpeter
473:Bill Cosby
456:; scholar
434:Alex Haley
241:Tin Palace
196:east Texas
188:Mark Twain
117:biographer
60:California
48:1945-12-14
2063:Australia
2017:Spin-offs
1558:JazzTimes
1532:JazzTimes
1273:Booknotes
1133:JazzTimes
668:Booknotes
544:Ken Burns
515:JazzTimes
454:Spike Lee
326:in 1993.
245:loft jazz
170:Ken Burns
164:Biography
111:columnist
1829:In Depth
1792:March 2,
1770:July 18,
1275:. C-SPAN
1151:NYPL.org
1095:July 26,
409:Opinions
380:COVID-19
309:Yearbook
114:novelist
94:American
83:New York
1971:Related
1858:Discogs
1748:May 26,
1719:May 26,
1697:May 26,
1671:May 26,
1636:PBS.org
1616:May 26,
1594:May 26,
1563:May 26,
1537:May 26,
1511:May 26,
1488:May 26,
1462:May 26,
1431:May 26,
1400:May 26,
1336:May 26,
1310:May 26,
1279:May 26,
1252:May 26,
1067:May 26,
886:(1972)
869:(2000)
859:Fiction
618:of the
270:in the
200:midwest
1823:C-SPAN
1632:"Jazz"
1367:
1222:
1117:(NPR).
909:tones.
876:Poetry
778:C-SPAN
758:C-SPAN
738:C-SPAN
718:C-SPAN
698:C-SPAN
678:C-SPAN
563:After
500:fusion
138:Awards
85:, U.S.
62:, U.S.
1960:Truth
1739:(PDF)
893:Notes
297:Voice
278:Voice
1814:IMDb
1794:2016
1772:2021
1750:2011
1721:2011
1699:2011
1673:2011
1647:2007
1618:2011
1596:2011
1565:2011
1539:2011
1513:2011
1490:2011
1464:2011
1433:2011
1402:2011
1365:ISBN
1338:2011
1312:2011
1281:2011
1254:2011
1220:ISBN
1097:2021
1069:2011
1013:2015
988:2015
981:NNDB
944:2021
565:Jazz
556:and
549:Jazz
498:and
475:'s "
442:and
421:and
305:The
262:and
155:jazz
105:Poet
68:Died
38:Born
1840:on
1821:on
1812:at
1361:203
607:of
505:In
393:.
2088::
1875:,
1741:.
1689:.
1664:.
1638:.
1634:.
1586:.
1573:^
1556:.
1530:.
1481:.
1450:.
1419:.
1388:.
1363:.
1329:.
1298:.
1271:.
1240:.
1187:.
1167:,
1149:.
1131:.
1113:,
1088:.
1077:^
1059:.
1039:^
1029:.
1004:.
979:.
961:.
933:.
901:^
776:,
756:,
736:,
716:,
696:,
676:,
579:.
560:.
464:.
405:.
389:,
363:,
190:,
186:,
81:,
58:,
1907:e
1900:t
1893:v
1796:.
1774:.
1752:.
1723:.
1701:.
1675:.
1649:.
1620:.
1598:.
1567:.
1541:.
1515:.
1492:.
1466:.
1435:.
1404:.
1373:.
1340:.
1314:.
1283:.
1256:.
1226:.
1191:.
1135:.
1099:.
1071:.
1033:.
1015:.
990:.
965:.
946:.
644:.
611:.
50:)
46:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
