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313:. Many other moderators resigned or suspended their moderator activity in response to the dismissal. The company responded with two very poorly received messages which have since been deleted, and by a slightly less negatively-received apology several days later. In December 2019, the company posted a message, stating that they and the moderator had come to an agreement and expressing regret for any damage to her reputation. Nevertheless, this, plus the sudden departure of multiple community managers (Stack Exchange employees who interact with the community), led to an erosion of trust between the community and the company—convincing many of the site's most prolific users, including many community-elected moderators and a community manager, to depart within the next few months. 322:
their past contributions, with some users explicitly stating that they did not intend their contributions to be licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Users were concerned that, if the relicensing was found to be a breach of CC BY-SA 3.0, Stack Exchange would have made itself unable to distribute the content under any CC BY-SA license (and that the footer's license statement could be erroneous), and would have to rely on its "perpetual and irrevocable right and license to use, copy, cache, publish, display, distribute, modify, create derivative works and store" the content instead. On September 27, an official Stack Exchange reply stated it had been an "important step", but declined to discuss with the community the legal basis for the relicensing.
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representative of the corporation noted "we are looking to show v2.5 for posts predating this change but cannot commit to it yet". Some users were unconvinced that the September 2019 announcement was not a breach of CC BY-SA 3.0 that would have caused its termination, and some answers were not placated by the dateline chosen. In the ensuing discussion, Stack Overflow staff declined to comment.
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The strike began with a post to Meta Stack Exchange, which raised concerns regarding the quality and accuracy of AI-generated content, and the lack of transparency from Stack Exchange surrounding this policy change. Moderators also stated that the version of the policy released to the public differed
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Stack Exchange allows users to donate some of their reputation to help questions receive answers or better answers, as well as to incentivize users to answer. This is called a 'bounty' and can be applied on questions 48 hours after being asked, lasting for 7 days plus a grace period of 24 hours. The
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Negotiations between Stack Exchange and moderators resulted in new policies allowing moderators to remove AI content when there is a strong indicator of GPT usage, and a commitment from the site to continue to provide data and API access. At the conclusion of negotiations, the strike ended on August
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which resulted in a strike of a portion of its volunteer moderators. The protest centered around a policy posted to moderators on May 29 stating that the use of AI-detection tools were not permitted to be used as part of moderation. In a statement, Stack Exchange confirmed that 11% of moderators had
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Moderators are responsible for managing the site, such as by following up on flagged posts, locking and protecting posts, suspending users, and deleting the worst posts (including misinformation) on the site. According to the Stack Exchange philosophy, they should be minimally involved in the site.
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To start, in June 2019, more advertisements were added causing a large dispute. On September 27, 2019, a moderator of multiple Stack Exchange sites, specifically Monica Cellio, was dismissed from her moderator position, allegedly connected to behavior associated with upcoming changes to the Code of
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After this, users vote on the candidates in a primary, where the vote tally is made public. The top 10 nominees advance to the election stage, where any user with at least 150 reputation is allowed to vote. A ranked-choice voting system is used where users can rank all the candidates if they wish.
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On September 2, 2019, the terms of service (and the footer of every page served) changed to referencing the "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike" (CC BY-SA) license's 4.0 version instead of its 3.0 version. Users were puzzled as to how Stack Overflow acquired the rights for this relicensing of
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In 2016, Stack Exchange added a variety of new sites which pushed the boundaries of the typical question-and-answer site. For example, Puzzling offers a platform for users who already know the answer to questions to challenge their peers to solve the problems unlike traditional Q–A sites where the
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In February 2011, Stack Overflow released an associated job board called Careers 2.0, charging fees to recruiters for access, which later re-branded to Stack Overflow Careers. In March 2011, Stack Overflow raised US$ 12 million in additional venture funding, and the company renamed itself to Stack
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To become a moderator, users have to participate in an election. Elections are called as needed by the Stack Exchange Community Team for a designated number of seats. Users must first nominate themselves and have at least 300 reputation (3,000 on Stack Overflow and 1,000 on Math Stack Exchange),
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when the Stack Exchange platform was first released. Users receive privileges by collecting reputation points, ranging from the ability to vote and comment on questions and answers to the ability to moderate many aspects of the site. Due to the prominence of Stack Exchange profiles in web search
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In 2016, Stack Exchange announced the second iteration of the Stack Exchange Quality Project, in which they attempt to implement specific important features requested by the community to meet a distinct high-priority set of goals. After users enthusiastically responded with feature ideas, they
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In March 2020, a post announced that content contributed before May 2, 2018 was available under a CC BY-SA 3.0 license. In the ensuing discussion, several users asked about the similar situation in August 2010, when Stack Exchange switched from accepting CC BY-SA 2.5 contributions to 3.0. A
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while also being in good standing, such as not having been suspended during the past year. Aside from introducing themselves and explaining why they would be a good moderator, users must also answer questions written by the community. Nominations can be withdrawn at any time.
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minimum bounty is set at 50 reputation, except if the user has already answered the question or has offered a previous bounty on the question. Bounties cannot be cancelled, and reputation cannot be refunded from a bounty, even if the question did not receive an answer.
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and other investors, and it switched its focus to developing new sites for answering questions on specific subjects, Stack Exchange 2.0. Users vote on new site topics in a staging area called Area 51, where algorithms determine which suggested site topics have
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Public Beta: The site is open to the public for a long period. This allows the creators to ensure that the site reaches critical mass before it is fully launched. It much remain for at least 180 days (or 6 months) of public beta, and 215 total days of beta (31
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Private Beta:If the concept receives 100% commitment (reaches the requirements listed above), the site enters the private beta phase, where committed members begin actively using the site and publicizing it. It must remain for at least 35 days (or 5
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Definition: A public proposal must be drafted and posted so that any member of the community can discuss the proposal and vote on it. This allows a collaborative proposal to emerge over time. The proposal must address these four key issues
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six months of the public beta. Second, 100 users interested in the new site that have committed with over 200 reputation on another site on the network. Finally, it requires a commitment score of 500, which uses the following formula:
215:(DMCA) takedown notices in an attempt to block discussion of possible weaknesses of their encryption algorithm. The Stack Exchange Crypto group discussion on the algorithm was censored, but it was later restored without pictures. 183:
included physics, mathematics, and writing. Stack Exchange publicly launched in January 2011 with 33 Web sites; it had 27 employees and 1.5 million users at the time, and it included advertising. At that time, it was compared to
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in 2008. Further Q&A sites in the network are established, defined, and eventually – if found relevant – brought to creation by registered users through a special site named Area 51.
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The primary purpose of each Stack Exchange site is to enable users to post questions and answer them. Users can vote on both answers and questions, and through this process users earn reputation points, a form of
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Commitment: First, 200 users interested in the new site are asked to formally commit and support the site by actively participating and contributing to it by asking or answering 10 questions during the
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Badges are awarded for asking and answering, participating in meta, and for moderating the site. There are bronze, silver and gold badges and appear on users' profile pages as well as their posts.
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ceased content moderation in response to this policy. This would grow to more than 23% of all moderators on the network by June 22, including more than 70% of all Stack Overflow moderators.
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As of September 2015, "Stack Exchange" no longer refers to the company, only the network of question-and-answer websites. Instead, the company is now referred to as Stack Overflow.
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from the version they had received on the moderator-only forum, notably in that the public version did not include language requiring that moderators stop restricting all AI content.
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framework, all from a single code base for every Stack Exchange site (except Area 51, which runs off a fork of the Stack Overflow code base). Blogs formerly used
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version of the Stack Exchange 1.0 platform as a way for third parties to create their own communities based on the software behind Stack Overflow, with monthly fees. This
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In October 2018, the company removed its Interpersonal Skills site from the Hot Network Questions list after a complaint on Twitter, and an employee (who was part of the
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Graduation: If the site has at least 1000 open questions, and 70% of questions or more have at least 1 upvoted answer, it is granted a "graduation" and fully launched.
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license or the earlier Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 Unported license, remains licensed under the license in force at the time it was contributed.
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Every new site created in the Stack Exchange Network goes through a detailed review process on a site called Area 51, that is consisting of four steps:
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on topics in diverse fields, each site covering a specific topic, where questions, answers, and users are subject to a reputation award process. The
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Votes are tallied using the Meek STV method (single transferable vote) which allows fractional parts of a vote to be counted.
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allows the sites to be self-moderating. As of March 2023, the three most actively viewed sites in the network are
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This article is about the network of collaborative Q&A sites. For the first site in the network, see
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In mid-2023, Stack Exchange made several changes regarding its policies around content generated by
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All sites in the network are modeled after the initial site Stack Overflow which was created by
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PrelimScore = SUM(Reputation >= 200 ? 0.233 * ln(Reputation-101) - 0.75 : 0) + 1.5
104: 2635:. Rev. July 20, 2010 (2010–204–1). Stanford University School of Engineering: 31. 204-2010-1. 3452: 3422: 2253: 1572: 171: 3482: 1080:"With Debut of Web Apps Q&A Site, Stack Exchange Perfects Automated Site Launch Process" 420: 141: 133: 70: 3272: 2912: 2762: 2169:"Stack Overflow Moderators Are Striking to Stop Garbage AI Content From Flooding the Site" 1624:"Revisiting the "Hot Network Questions" feature, what are our shared goals for having it?" 8: 3752: 797: 160: 103:
acquired Stack Overflow for $ 1.8 billion, its first complete acquisition in the area of
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They are also expected to lead by example, as well as to show respect to other users.
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In May 2010, Stack Overflow (as its own new company) raised US$ 6 million in
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results and the Stack Overflow Careers job board, users may have reason to
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Stack Exchange tries to stay up to date with the newest technologies from
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team, which was not community-facing) posted tweets attacking moderators.
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questions, which they described as an alternative to the programmer forum
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forty exemplary questions, upvoted at least 10 times from the community
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and should be created. In November 2010, Stack Exchange site topics in
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complained that there was insufficient action on the company's part.
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was not successful, with few customers and slow growing communities.
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Beta: A live test version of this site is tested out, in two steps.
470: 225: 3859: 3914: 2431:"Could we please clarify just the Primary phase of the election?" 1010: 762: 436: 424: 58: 1324:"The Answers Are Out There, and New Q. and A. Sites Dig Them Up" 3994: 3947: 3941: 100: 986:"Stack Exchange and Stack Overflow are moving to CC BY-SA 4.0" 666: 3847: 1416:"Stack Overflow Rides Experts & Order to Q&A Success" 432: 185: 120: 2285:"Conquering the CHAOS of Online Community at Stack Exchange" 1700:"Stack Overflow Inc., sinat chinam, and the goat for Azazel" 1385:"Q&A startup Stack Overflow gets new name, more funding" 1172:"StackOverflow Shares its Mojo: White Label Q&A for All" 366: 316: 3869: 2554:"Does StackExchange 2.0 Share the Same CodeBase with SO?" 1297:"Q&A websites like Quora and Stack Exchange take off" 1236:"Stack Overflow's Crowdsourcing Model Guarantees Success" 90:
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
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User contributions since May 2, 2018 are licensed under
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at 22:16, Thomas Claburn in San Francisco Jan 2, 2020.
1267:"Forget Quora, New York's Stack Overflow Is Killing It" 1107:"Super User – question and answer site for power users" 956: 954: 329: 431:, but they have been discontinued. The team also uses 1446:"Stack Overflow Man Remakes Net One Answer at a Time" 92:. Older content, contributed while the site used the 1358:"Stack Exchange launches programmer recruiting site" 951: 94:
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported
1566: 1564: 1539:"We're Changing Our Name (Back) to Stack Overflow" 384: 2662:"Changes to Stack Exchange – Stack Overflow Blog" 1645:"We're testing advertisements across the network" 1524:"How is CipherCloud doing homomorphic encryption" 1165: 1163: 4008: 2022:"Stack Overflow is "unable to pursue dialogues"" 1561: 1138:"Find the Answer to Anything with StackExchange" 980: 978: 226:Declining relationship between users and company 2521: 2519: 2517: 1439: 1437: 1160: 128:In 2008, Jeff Atwood and Joel Spolsky created 3885: 1788:"An apology to our community, and next steps" 1321: 975: 204:. In February 2012, Atwood left the company. 2585:"We will no longer be hosting Blog Overflow" 2514: 1866:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 1434: 522:UserScore = PrelimScore * 0.9 ^ (DAYS / 180) 1762:"An Update to our Community and an Apology" 1290: 1288: 1229: 1227: 1203: 1199: 1197: 1073: 1071: 667:Other notable scientists and mathematicians 144:and Super User for questions from computer 3892: 3878: 3852: 2688:"All Proposals - Area 51 - Stack Exchange" 2617: 2582: 2459: 1870:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 303: 34:Manuel Williams 2002 software Cloud global 2460:Co-Founder, Jeff Atwood (June 19, 2010). 1355: 962:"An Update On Creative Commons Licensing" 280:Learn how and when to remove this message 2217: 2215: 2192: 2089: 2062: 1285: 1264: 1224: 1194: 1068: 927: 925: 480: 355: 317:2019–2020 licensing change announcements 119: 4032:Internet properties established in 2008 3865:Stack Exchange monthly archive of sites 3763:from the original on September 21, 2021 3643:from the original on September 10, 2021 2624:Sewak, M.; et al. (May 18, 2010). 1813:Update: an agreement with Monica Cellio 1570: 1351: 1349: 1265:Jeffries, Adrienne (January 25, 2011). 1035: 564: 14: 4009: 2534:from the original on November 11, 2020 2525: 2291:from the original on December 16, 2012 2282: 2166: 2071:from the original on December 14, 2021 1983:"Review on 'Stack Exchange Data Dump'" 1536: 1443: 1303:from the original on November 27, 2014 1294: 1246:from the original on November 23, 2010 1233: 1169: 1104: 910:from the original on November 22, 2019 896: 884:from the original on November 22, 2019 845: 552: 151:In September 2009, Spolsky's company, 115: 73:), Unix & Linux, and Mathematics. 3873: 3733:from the original on January 26, 2022 3193:from the original on January 26, 2022 2923:from the original on January 20, 2022 2668:from the original on January 26, 2016 2623: 2528:"What it takes to run Stack Overflow" 2212: 1980: 1926:from the original on October 29, 2019 1896:from the original on January 22, 2020 1848:from the original on January 24, 2020 1794:from the original on October 19, 2019 1742:from the original on October 19, 2019 1710:from the original on October 29, 2019 1680:from the original on October 29, 2019 1504:from the original on January 12, 2016 1422:from the original on January 11, 2013 1356:Needleman, Rafe (February 23, 2011). 1273:from the original on November 7, 2014 1212:from the original on December 5, 2020 1204:Kirkpatrick, Marshall (May 4, 2010). 1135: 1129: 1077: 1056:from the original on October 29, 2021 1013:. Stack Exchange. December 11, 2014. 922: 365:. This voting system was compared to 3703:from the original on August 10, 2019 2642:from the original on August 13, 2012 2233:from the original on January 2, 2010 1835: 1573:"Stack Exchange Year in Review 2016" 1346: 1334:from the original on August 16, 2018 1148:from the original on January 7, 2014 1136:Mager, Andrew (September 27, 2009). 1017:from the original on January 3, 2012 410: 330:June - August 2023 moderation strike 229: 132:, a question-and-answer website for 3043:from the original on August 7, 2020 2953:from the original on August 7, 2020 2893:from the original on August 7, 2020 2264:from the original on April 21, 2016 1413: 1234:Keller, Jared (November 18, 2010). 939:from the original on August 7, 2020 245:may contain improper references to 24: 4027:Creative Commons-licensed websites 3823:from the original on July 26, 2020 3793:from the original on July 25, 2020 3673:from the original on July 26, 2020 3613:from the original on July 25, 2020 3583:from the original on July 25, 2020 3553:from the original on July 26, 2020 3523:from the original on July 25, 2020 3493:from the original on July 25, 2020 3463:from the original on July 25, 2020 3403:from the original on July 25, 2020 3373:from the original on July 25, 2020 3343:from the original on July 25, 2020 3313:from the original on July 25, 2020 3283:from the original on July 25, 2020 3253:from the original on July 25, 2020 3223:from the original on July 25, 2020 3163:from the original on July 26, 2020 3133:from the original on March 6, 2021 3073:from the original on July 25, 2020 3013:from the original on July 26, 2020 2983:from the original on July 26, 2020 2863:from the original on July 26, 2020 2833:from the original on July 26, 2020 2803:from the original on July 26, 2020 2773:from the original on July 25, 2020 2591:from the original on March 4, 2017 2564:from the original on April 2, 2017 2526:Craver, Nick (November 22, 2013). 2492:"How does the bounty system work?" 2251: 1583:from the original on April 2, 2017 1549:from the original on April 2, 2017 1537:Hanlon, Jay (September 15, 2015). 1478:from the original on March 4, 2016 1395:from the original on March 7, 2016 1382: 1322:Jenna Wortham (February 6, 2011). 1182:from the original on April 2, 2017 1086:from the original on April 5, 2014 25: 4058: 3839: 3433:from the original on May 23, 2024 2502:from the original on July 4, 2021 2472:from the original on July 9, 2021 2441:from the original on July 9, 2021 2411:from the original on July 9, 2021 2381:from the original on July 5, 2021 2351:from the original on July 9, 2021 2321:from the original on July 5, 2021 2193:Anderson, Tim (August 24, 2023). 1965: 1571:Ericson, Jon (January 26, 2017). 1170:Oshiro, Dana (October 12, 2009). 1105:Clarke, Jason (August 20, 2009). 854:from the original on May 15, 2017 222:poster does not know the answer. 4017:Companies based in New York City 3805: 3775: 3745: 3715: 3685: 3655: 3103:from the original on May 6, 2021 2738:"FAQ - Area 51 - Stack Exchange" 2283:Popper, Ben (December 7, 2011). 1295:Swartz, Jon (January 24, 2011). 933:"FAQ – Area 51 – Stack Exchange" 547: 350: 234: 213:Digital Millennium Copyright Act 3625: 3595: 3565: 3535: 3505: 3475: 3445: 3415: 3385: 3355: 3325: 3295: 3265: 3235: 3205: 3175: 3145: 3115: 3085: 3055: 3025: 2995: 2965: 2935: 2905: 2875: 2845: 2815: 2785: 2755: 2730: 2705: 2680: 2654: 2603: 2576: 2546: 2484: 2462:"Improvements to Bounty System" 2453: 2423: 2393: 2363: 2333: 2303: 2276: 2245: 2186: 2160: 2134: 2109: 2083: 2056: 2035: 2014: 1993: 1974: 1959: 1938: 1908: 1878: 1829: 1806: 1780: 1754: 1722: 1692: 1662: 1637: 1616: 1595: 1530: 1516: 1490: 1464: 1414:Kim, Ryan (February 16, 2011). 1407: 1376: 1315: 1258: 1098: 502:60 followers from the community 385:Moderators and election process 4042:Software developer communities 2341:"FAQ for Stack Exchange sites" 2167:Roscoe, Jules (June 5, 2023). 2090:Anderson, Tim (June 5, 2023). 1444:Finley, Klint (July 5, 2012). 1029: 1003: 866: 839: 759:Tim Peters (software engineer) 652:(co-founder of Stack Overflow) 200:Exchange, Inc. It is based in 13: 1: 1704:Mi Yodeya Meta Stack Exchange 1383:Ha, Anthony (March 9, 2011). 1078:Perez, Sarah (July 8, 2010). 1036:Dummett, Ben (June 2, 2021). 935:. Stack Exchange, Inc. 2014. 846:Atwood, Jeff (May 17, 2009). 832: 56:question-and-answer (Q&A) 4037:Question-and-answer websites 3860:List of Stack Exchange sites 2583:Grace Note (March 1, 2017). 874:"All Sites – Stack Exchange" 7: 2252:Ha, Anthony (May 4, 2010). 810: 633: 401: 10: 4063: 3899: 2223:"FAQ: What is Reputation?" 2117:"Dear Stack Overflow, Inc" 1818:November 25, 2022, at the 1011:"Legal — Terms of Service" 309:Conduct (CoC) relating to 256:by removing references to 110: 43: 36: 26: 3987: 3961: 3930: 3907: 2767:physics.stackexchange.com 786:(computer scientist with 462:and the data layers uses 3917:(acquired by DevFactory) 2742:area51.stackexchange.com 2713:"Area 51 Commit Percent" 2692:area51.stackexchange.com 848:"A Theory of Moderation" 27:Not to be confused with 2121:openletter.mousetail.nl 1826:. Retrieved 2020-01-03. 850:. Stack Exchange Blog. 473:in addition to numeric 336:artificial intelligence 304:Late 2019 controversies 4047:Stack Exchange network 2633:Stanford CasePublisher 1706:. September 29, 2019. 1676:. September 29, 2019. 1360:. CNet. Archived from 990:meta.stackexchange.com 469:The site makes use of 247:user-generated content 125: 105:educational technology 18:Stack Exchange Network 3483:"Joesl David Hamkins" 1113:. AOL. Archived from 496:the targeted audience 493:the topic of the site 481:Site creation process 356:Reputation and badges 172:Union Square Ventures 142:system administration 123: 3513:"James E. Humphreys" 3453:"Alexandre Eremenko" 718:Eppstein's algorithm 565:Fields Medal winners 415:Stack Exchange uses 262:used inappropriately 134:computer programming 71:computer programming 2943:"Richard Borcherds" 2717:Meta Stack Exchange 2496:Meta Stack Exchange 2466:Stack Overflow Blog 2435:Meta Stack Exchange 2405:Meta Stack Exchange 2345:Meta Stack Exchange 2146:Meta Stack Exchange 1920:Meta Stack Exchange 1890:Meta Stack Exchange 1824:Meta Stack Exchange 1738:. October 1, 2019. 1674:Meta Stack Exchange 1649:Meta Stack Exchange 1577:Stack Overflow Blog 1543:Stack Overflow Blog 1042:Wall Street Journal 553:Nobel Prize winners 477:for question URLs. 161:white label service 116:Founding and growth 4022:Computing websites 3931:Spin-off companies 3033:"Michael Freedman" 2664:. April 13, 2010. 1768:on October 6, 2019 1500:. April 21, 2013. 906:. Stack Exchange. 739:James E. 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Index

Stack Exchange Network
Stock Exchange
Stack Overflow
superuser
question-and-answer (Q&A)
websites
reputation system
Stack Overflow
computer programming
Jeff Atwood
Joel Spolsky
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported
Prosus
educational technology

Stack Overflow
computer programming
Experts-Exchange
system administration
power users
Fog Creek Software
beta
white label service
venture capital
Union Square Ventures
critical mass
"beta testing"
Quora
WikiAnswers

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