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context of its immediate surroundings; however, when examined in context with the surrounding office towers, the size of the cathedral shrinks considerably. From the exterior, the building maintains a distinctly Gothic appearance characterized by its pointed arches, buttressed walls, stone moulding and sharp iron accents. The building is set back considerably from the street and features a tall iron fence around its perimeter, which further contributes to the building's sharp appearance. The fence allows the building to maintain a semi-private front yard, featuring a stone-paved roundabout on its west side and a garden along its south side. Access from the east side of the building is limited due to the connection with the cathedral's
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blue and red, however, string courses outline the decorated triforium. The first three piers closest to the altar are topped with red abacuses to define the sacred space. The left and right aisles begin with ribbed vaults and then transition into an exposed beam ceiling. The interior walls are painted grey stone over plaster. The walls are lined with wall arcades. Facing the aisles, an etching of a Gothic window profile is encrusted on each of the wooden benches. At the back of the cathedral are lacquered wooden sculptures. In the back corners of the cathedral there are four wooden confessionals mimicking the arcade arches. The panels of the confessional are decorated with crosses.
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deeper colour when compared to typical machine-rolled glass used in other churches at the time. The largest piece of stained glass, located on the east side of the building was imported from France in 1858 and created by Étienne Thévenot, the same artist who created some of the windows for Notre-Dame and various other churches in Paris. The stained-glass windows located on the north and south walls originate from
Austria and Bavaria and were installed during the late 1800s and early 1900s replacing the original clear pane. Despite the intentional Gothic style evident in many of the designs of these windows they are actually late-baroque in style.
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western façade houses the main entrance and pinnacle tower, and is arguably the most impressive side of the church. It faces Bond Street, with the building set back from the property line to create a small forecourt. The spire reaches a height of 260 feet. Much of the northern façade is hidden by the rectory and St. Michael's Choir School's main building. What little can be seen is spoiled by the protruding fire escape exit. The eastern façade, while not as impressive as the western façade, is, arguably, the most varied. A second school building occupies a site on the west side of Bond Street.
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responsible for their design. The interior of the building has remained the same in terms of its plan; however, since the Second
Vatican Council, the original high altar was dismantled and used to create a new tabernacle shrine, now located to the south of the sanctuary, while a new table altar was placed in the centre of the sanctuary. Most of the present paintings that adorn the roof and walls of the cathedral date to 1937, with several smaller ones having been added since, the most recent in 1982.
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window. The deep blue sky with small blood-red squares of glass leading in the regular grid fall into larger and smaller bands of maroon, plum, and purple enlivened by emerald, viridian and gold. The central panel of the oculus is a depiction of the
Blessed Sacrament symbolizing the resurrection of Jesus Christ. Underneath the stained glass window is an intricate wooden reredos with gold and green detailing.
606:, the cathedral itself does not assume the typical cruciform shape of most medieval Gothic cathedrals. Conversely, the secondary altars, or side-chapels, divide the cathedral in two down its length, providing a slight outcrop visible from the exterior. The building can be further subdivided down its length by the nine bays framed by the buttresses on the exterior of the building.
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adherence with the tradition of medieval churches, the cathedral's high altar is in the east end of the building, facing
Jerusalem. The general composition of the building resembles that of a 13th or 14th century Gothic cathedral; however, the design is simplified and does not contain elements such as flying buttresses, transepts, or ribbed vaults. Also, because there are no
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The cathedral's tower supports a large iron spire located over its west entrance. At its tallest point, the tower reaches 260 feet (79 m) or approximately 26 stories above the ground, surpassing the height of many of the surrounding buildings. The scale of the cathedral is quite large within the
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To the right of the altar, there is a wooden monument for the
Blessed Sacrament that is the result of a re-design of 1980 directed by Gerald Emmett Cardinal Carter. In 2011, restorations took place that included the west facade being cleaned, bringing the bricks back to their original yellow colour.
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The exterior of the cathedral has remained relatively unchanged over the last 100 years. In 1864, the
Toronto firm Gundry and Langley added an enlarged sacristy to the cathedral. In 1866, the same firm was also responsible for the addition of the tower and spire which adorns the west entrance of the
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in 1852, the completion of the tower and spire by firm Gundry & Langley from 1865 to 1867, and the addition of dormers by Joseph
Connolly in 1890. The interior of the church, divided into a large nave and two tall aisles, is lavishly decorated. The tall arcade, supported by graceful colonnettes,
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Various sculptures of saints sit along the side aisles in front of the stained glass windows. The St. Michael's church choir sit on the right side of the altar. Behind the altar is a semi-circular oak reredos with one large episcopal chair of the
Archbishop and six smaller chairs on either side for
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Three sets of double-doors mirroring the front entrances allow guests into the cathedral. When entering the sacred space of the cathedral, its mass is arranged linearly based on a vertical axis, with two main arcades of stone. The two main arcades consists of ivory piers with patterned spandrels of
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The exterior façade of the church is a cream-coloured brick with stone accents. The exterior has a neutral colour scheme, which contrasts the beauty of the interior. Teal-coloured shingles contrast gently with the cream exterior walls. In regards to shape, all of the façades vary considerably. The
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Sixteen cast-iron lanterns hang from the tall aisles that light up the cathedral. About midway down the aisles, there are two small chapels; the
Blessed Virgin chapel on the north behind the baptismal front, and the Sacred Heart chapel on the south, decorated with small colourful stone tiles. Lit
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St. Michael's
Cathedral is located to the northwest of Church and Shuter streets in Toronto, with the parish office at 200 Church Street. The building is oriented on an off-east–west axis aligned perpendicular to Church Street, with the main entrance on its west side located at 65 Bond Street. In
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In June 2015, it was announced that the 168-year-old cathedral would be closing for the next nine months to deal with safety concerns over a long-running restoration process. St. Paul's Basilica planned to add three weekend Masses to accommodate parishioners from St. Michael's. The cathedral was
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St. Michael's Cathedral is a major building of faith in downtown Toronto. It was originally constructed away from the city's centre, but over time the city has grown to encompass it. It was constructed to better serve the growing Roman Catholic population of Toronto. It is a prime example of the
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Unlike many of the cathedrals constructed during the Gothic Revival Period, St. Michael's retains a rich and colourful interior characteristic of classic Gothic cathedrals. The stained-glass in the cathedral is of the "antique" variety, which is hand-blown in typical medieval style resulting in
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On the inside, the centre aisle along the main axis between the pews used for formal processions dominates. It is also used by parishioners taking their seats and going up for communion. The interior of the cathedral is laid out to create 5 designated spaces: a foyer (the narthex), the balcony,
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The eastern stained glass window above the altar, the focus of the church's interior is the stained glass window of the crucifixion. The tableau was installed in 1858 by Étienne Thévenot, a French pioneer of the medieval glass revival. Blue, yellow and red are the most prominent colours in the
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In 1880, the current three-manual pipe organ was installed in the cathedral's gallery by Archbishop Joseph Lynch. The dormered windows located on the roof were added some time in the 1890s with the intent to improve the cathedral's appearance; it is believed that architect Joseph Connolly was
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The original pipe organ and the balcony which supported it were replaced with a new balcony constructed which supports a new pipe organ and additional seating for 250 more parishioners. In August 2015, emergency crews had to retrieve a woman who had climbed the exterior scaffolding.
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central aisle, left aisle and right aisle. When entering the church, the narthex creates a space that separates the public space from the sacred space. Marble stoups that contain holy water are located to the sides of the doors. Downstairs, there are the Crypt Chapel and Gift Store.
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Bishop Power died on October 1, 1847, having contracted typhus while tending to his flock. His funeral was held at St. Paul's, and he was buried in the crypt of the unfinished St. Michael's Cathedral. Also buried in the crypt is a man who fell from the roof during construction.
485:. Townspeople dug out the foundation by hand in return for a barbecue. Shipwrights made the interior columns out of maple and oak. On May 8, 1845, Bishop Power laid the cornerstone for the cathedral in the four-year-old diocese. Some fragments of a stone pillar from the old
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candles flickering in red and blue illuminate the sides of the church. Classic artwork like The Last Supper, as well as other religious paintings of Jesus, priests, and John the Baptist hang above the sanctuary. These paintings, murals and vignettes were done in the 1930s.
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On December 8, 2015, the archdiocese hosted an open house to showcase the work done this far on the restoration. It has been rededicated on the Feast of St. Michael, Thursday September 29, 2016, by Thomas Cardinal Collins, Archbishop of Toronto.
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Typical characteristics structures of Gothic Architecture include pointed arches called 'ogivals', flying buttresses, transverse arms, clerestory windows, pinnacles, and ribbed vaults, many of which are displayed in St. Michael's Cathedral.
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511:. On September 29, 1848, the cathedral was consecrated after substantial work by the Honourable John Elmsley and his friend Samuel G. Lynn to reduce the debt. The 79-meter bell tower, which contains two bells, was consecrated in 1866.
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style. The connection with York Minster is appropriate, since Toronto was known as the town of York from its settlement in 1793 until it was incorporated in 1834 and the name was changed back.
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and some small pieces of the oak roof of that same cathedral were sealed within St. Michael's cornerstone. St. Michael's is a 19th-century interpretation of the Minster's 14th century
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On April 7, 1845, construction began on St. Michael's Cathedral and the Bishop's Palace, a three-story rectory adjacent to the Neo-Gothic cathedral. Both buildings were designed by
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522:, who came to Toronto at the request of Bishop Charbonnel to operate an orphanage and settlement house, responded to the need for care during a diphtheria epidemic in 1892.
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style. Since it was originally constructed by William Thomas from 1845 to 1848, the building has undergone several renovations. These are the Bishop's Palace additions by
555:. The choirboys from the school have presented a Christmas concert at the cathedral every year since 1939. The school continues to operate jointly under authority of the
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marker at the church notes its importance in the city's history. An additional plaque was installed on March 28, 1982, by the Archdiocese of Toronto at the rectory.
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Cook, Brian. St. Michael's Cathedral, Toronto, a short history and guide. Toronto: Toronto : St. Michael's Cathedral, 1989. Print
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Stained-glass window above the sanctuary of the cathedral depicting the crucifixion, one of three stained-glass windows in the church
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on 11 February 2023. In addition to worship services, the church sponsors a number of outreach programs for nearby residents.
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Ferreira, Victor. "St. Michael’s Cathedral in Toronto to close for nine months to deal with structural safety concerns",
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The cathedral is home to Canada's largest English-speaking Catholic archdiocese. The current archbishop is Bishop
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gives the interior space a feeling of openness and adds to the grand sense of scale that the building imposes.
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St_MichaelsCathedral_12.pdf "Restoration of St. Michael’s Cathedral: creeks, bones and a missing stone",
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Balca, Dario. "St. Michael's Cathedral to reopen after major renovations", CTV News, December 7, 2015
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slated to open briefly in December 2015 for Christmas masses before closing again until March 2016.
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The choir was started in 1926, and the original parish school founded in 1900 evolved into the
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Concrete pillars replaced existing ones after it was discovered that mortar was failing.
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English Gothic Revival style of architecture. On September 29, 2016, the feast day of
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Iron: cast and wrought iron in Canada from the seventeenth century to the present
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985:"A Short History of St. Michael's Cathedral", St. Michael's Cathedral pamphlet
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St. Michael’s Cathedral opens temporarily after shuttering its doors in June
839:"Stone cutters painstakingly restore time-battered St. Michael's Cathedral"
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Werner, Stephanie. "Person apprehended climbing St. Michael's Cathedral",
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undertook the work on the stone and stucco ornamentation of the interior.
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The cathedral played an instrumental role in the founding of nearby
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Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 28 January 2016
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1240:"St. Michael’s Cathedral Open House", Archdiocese of Toronto
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1252:"St. Michael's Cathedral to reopen after major renovations"
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St. Michael's Cathedral Basilica located off of Shuter and
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Kleinschmidt, Beda. "Transept." The Catholic Encyclopedia
1081:"Choir School Student Singers Love Long Hours, Hard Work"
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Fitzhenry and Whiteside Book of Canadian Facts and Dates
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The original designs for St. Michael's were created by
1181:"St. Michael's Cathedral closed over safety issues",
544:, an all-boys school in the Toronto neighbourhood of
1113:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1982. Print.
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The floor plan for St. Michael's Cathedral Basilica.
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Western entrance to St. Michael's Cathedral Basilica
1063:"About Us: A History of St. Michael's Choir School"
960:"History of the Cathedral", St. Michael's Cathedral
507:The cathedral was dedicated on August 29, 1848, to
1126:. St. Michael's Catholic Cathedral. Archived from
809:List of oldest buildings and structures in Toronto
708:The interior of the basilica, largely the work of
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536:until it moved to its present location near the
532:Between 1852 and 1856, the rectory was home to
421:. It is located at 65 Bond Street in Toronto's
1149:Arthur, Eric (1986) . Otto, Stephen A. (ed.).
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814:List of Roman Catholic Archbishops of Toronto
1065:. St. Michael's Choir School. Archived from
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417:, Canada, and one of the oldest churches in
1477:Cathedral-Basilica of Notre-Dame de Québec
1368:Cathedral Basilica of St. John the Baptist
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819:List of Roman Catholic churches in Toronto
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1598:Roman Catholic churches completed in 1848
1588:Gothic Revival church buildings in Canada
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35:St. Michael's Cathedral Basilica in 2008
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1578:Gothic Revival architecture in Toronto
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1373:Basilica of Our Lady of Perpetual Help
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561:Toronto Catholic District School Board
1573:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Toronto
1410:Cathedral Basilica of Christ the King
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638:St. Michael's is a good example of a
573:Gothic Revival architecture in Canada
415:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Toronto
1583:William Thomas (architect) buildings
1568:Roman Catholic cathedrals in Ontario
1043:. www.torontohistory.org. March 2004
1021:. www.torontohistory.org. March 2004
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892:"Archdiocese of Toronto on Facebook"
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557:Pontifical Institute of Sacred Music
1492:Cathedral Basilica of Saint Michael
1109:Arthur, Eric Ross, and T. Ritchie.
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1563:Roman Catholic churches in Toronto
1482:Basilica of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré
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441:, the cathedral was elevated to a
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1461:Cathedral Basilica of St. Dunstan
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1041:"St. Michael's Cathedral Rectory"
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1502:Sainte-Anne de Varennes Basilica
1487:Cathedral Basilica of St Cecilia
1430:Cathedral Basilica of Notre-Dame
1415:St. Michael's Cathedral Basilica
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1329:Cathedral Basilica of St. Joseph
1124:"Short History of the Cathedral"
880:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
774:A list of people interred here:
425:. St. Michael's was designed by
407:St. Michael's Cathedral Basilica
97:St. Michael's Cathedral Basilica
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61:St. Michael's Cathedral Basilica
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24:St. Michael's Cathedral Basilica
1507:Cathédrale Marie-Reine-du-Monde
1405:Basilica of Our Lady Immaculate
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1420:St. Peter's Cathedral Basilica
999:. St. Michael's Hospital. 2010
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1389:St. Mary's Cathedral Basilica
1213:Global News, December 7, 2015
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1593:Basilica churches in Toronto
804:List of cathedrals in Canada
542:St. Michael's College School
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439:Saint Michael the Archangel
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1497:Notre-Dame-du-Cap Basilica
1183:National Catholic Register
949:. Fitzhenry and Whiteside.
945:Pound, Richard W. (2005).
710:John Cochrane and Brothers
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431:John Cochrane and Brothers
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1019:"St. Michael's Cathedral"
997:"The St. Michael's Story"
509:St. Michael the Archangel
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1440:Christ the King Basilica
739:The Virgin Mary and the
728:The Virgin Mary and the
553:present-day choir school
671:members of the clergy.
520:Sisters of Saint Joseph
207:St. Michael's Cathedral
1542:Catholicism portal
1522:St. Patrick's Basilica
1517:Saint Joseph's Oratory
1435:St. Patrick's Basilica
1352:St. Michael's Basilica
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720:anterior view, in 2024
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516:St. Michael's Hospital
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1445:St. Finnan's Basilica
1152:Toronto, No Mean City
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571:Further information:
538:University of Toronto
534:St. Michael's College
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1454:Prince Edward Island
336:275 feet (84 m)
1512:Notre-Dame Basilica
1425:St. Paul's Basilica
1258:. December 7, 2015.
847:. February 5, 2013.
567:Architectural style
455:Francis "Frank" Leo
190:stmichaelscathedral
133: /
109:Show map of Ontario
73:Show map of Toronto
1087:. January 1, 1997.
1085:catholicherald.com
918:"Rinunce E Nomine"
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271:Functional status
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546:Forest Hill
449:Archdiocese
347:Archdiocese
257:Consecrated
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825:References
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237:Dedication
226:Founder(s)
128:79°22′37″W
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1227:The Star
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465:History
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374:Rector
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