Station wagon - Knowledge

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the extra load. Hatchback: The hatchback is generally based on a sedan body but with the trunk area blended into the center section of the body. The hatchback is therefore halfway between a sedan and an estate car. This type of body is very popular due to its versatility and style. Although some hatchbacks are in fact sedan bodies with the trunk effectively removed (usually the smaller cars), many hatchbacks retain the full length of the sedan but the roofline extends down to the rear of the vehicle. As with the sedan bodies, a hatchback can have two or four passenger doors, however, there is a tendency to refer to hatchbacks as three or five doors because the rear compartment lid (or tailgate) is also referred to as a door on the hatchback bodies. As with the estate, the rear seats fold down to give a flat floor for the transportation of luggage or other objects. When the tailgate is closed, the luggage compartment is usually covered with a parcel shelf.

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operated types included a lower tailgate counterbalanced by a torque rod similar to the torque rods used in holding a trunk lid open. It required a 35-pound (16 kg) push to lower the gate. Raising it required a 35-pound (16 kg) pull on a handhold integral to the top edge of the retractable gate. Power-assisted operation of both the upper glass and lower tailgate became standard equipment in later model years. Station wagons with this design were available with an optional third row of forward-facing seats accessed by the rear side doors and a folding second-row seat. They could accommodate 4-by-8-foot (1.2 m × 2.4 m) sheets of plywood or other panels with the rear seats folded. The clamshell design required no increased footprint or operational area to open the cargo area. This enabled access even if the station wagon's rear was parked against a wall.

56: 795:(rather than consumer automobiles) and the framing of the early station wagons was left unfinished, due to the commercial nature of the vehicles. Early station wagons were fixed-roof vehicles, but lacked the sides and glass that would generally enclose the passenger compartment, and included rudimentary benches for seating passengers. Instead of framed glass, side curtains of canvas could be unrolled. More rigid curtains could be snapped to protect passengers from outside elements. The roofs of "woodie" wagons were usually made of stretched canvas treated with a waterproofing dressing. The framing of the wooden bodies was sheathed in steel and coated with tinted lacquer for protection. These wooden bodies required constant maintenance: varnishes required re-coating, and expansion/contraction of the wood meant that bolts and screws needed periodic re-tightening. 1981: 1852: 2426: 1515: 1828: 1794: 532: 1764: 1953: 1263: 2287: 870: 1247: 1840: 414: 1893: 38: 74: 1641: 402: 1014: 994: 1965: 1881: 856: 2033: 982: 257: 603: 2051: 1941: 2142: 1752: 970: 1066: 1288: 520: 2158: 886: 1536: 506:(AMC). Some full-size GM wagons added a notch in the rear bumper that acted as a step plate; a small portion of the bumper was attached to the tailgate to fill the gap. When opened as a swinging door, this part of the bumper moved away, allowing the depression in the bumper to provide a "step" to ease entry; when the gate was opened by being lowered or raised to a closed position, the chrome section remained in place making the bumper "whole". 1483: 2276: 1499: 466: 454: 5344: 2964:

or fifth door is the rear hatch. Station Wagon: A station wagon is characterized by its roof which extends straight back, allowing a spacious interior luggage compartment in the rear. The rear door, which can be opened numerous ways depending on the model, provides access to the luggage compartment. Station wagons come in two and four-door models and have space for up to nine passengers.

1562:) designed for "operators requiring reliable light transport units" and the chassis for the Supervan "multipurpose utility vehicle, primarily designed for estate transport ... seating accommodation for five persons and the driver ... being quickly convertible to carry anything from hunting equipment to farm produce." Others included the 1952 342:. Hatchbacks may be called Liftbacks when the opening area is very sloped, and the door is lifted to open. A design director from General Motors has described the difference as "Where you break the roofline, at what angle, defines the spirit of the vehicle", he said. "You could have a 90-degree break in the back and have a station wagon." 3770: 2004:(also known as the Volkswagen 1500—later the Volkswagen 1600). The Type 3's rear-engine layout was retained for the station wagon models, but the engine profile was flattened, resulting in a small car offering interior room and trunk space in the front. The model was offered through the 1973 model year. 2090:

and two folding inward-facing seats in the cargo area. The 'Familiale' version had a front bench seat, a forward-facing three-space bench seat in the middle, and a folding forward-facing three-seat bench in the rear, providing a versatile nine-seat car. The Citroën ID also had a two-part tailgate and a

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The estate body, also known as station wagons in some countries, has the roofline extended to the rear of the body to enlarge its internal capacity. Folding the rear seats down gives a large floor area for the carriage of luggage or goods. Stronger suspension springs are fitted at the rear to support

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line in 1958. It was "recycling" with only a few modifications from the original version and targeted buyers looking for "no-frills" economy. American Motors' strategy of reintroducing an old design made for two distinct model runs, one of few examples where such a strategy has been successful for an

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Models marketed as passenger station wagons in export markets were often sold as utilitarian "van" models in the home market. Some were not updated in a model's life in Japan for consecutive generations. For example, a sedan might have a model life of four years, but the wagon was not updated for up

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Break (known as the Safari in English-speaking countries) was introduced, being larger than other French station wagon models and of similar size to the contemporary full-size station wagons from the United States. It had a seating capacity of eight people, consisting of two front-facing bench seats

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Germany is the largest market for station wagons in the world, with around 600,000 to 700,000 vehicles sold each year—amounting to 20% of all car sales. German-designed station wagons have been produced by Audi, BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Opel, and Volkswagen. Some larger station wagon models are available

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The trend since the 1980s for smaller station wagon bodies has limited the seating to two rows, resulting in a total capacity of five people, or six people, if a bench front seat is used. Since the 1990s, full-size station wagons have been largely replaced by SUVs with three-row seating, such as the

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The Ford and Mercury full-size wagons built after 1964 were available with four rows of seats, with the rear two rows in the cargo area facing each other. The third and fourth rows were designed for two people each (although these seats were relatively narrow in later models), giving a total seating

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was an all-new design, and the 4-door "Cross Country" featured the industry's first station wagon hardtop. However, the pillarless models could be expensive to produce, added wind noise, and created structural issues with body torque. GM eliminated the pillarless wagon from its lineup in 1959, while

932:, which used a two-door body style. Several manufacturers produced steel and wooden-bodied station wagons concurrently for several years. For example, Plymouth continued the production of wooden-bodied station wagons until 1950. The final wooden-bodied station built in the United States was the 1953 577:

The GM design, as used in a Pontiac Grand Safari, with a forward-facing third-row seat and the clamshell tailgate, was less popular with consumers and was described as the "least convenient of all wagon arrangements" with difficult passenger egress and problematic tailgate operation in comparison to

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Liftback or Hatchback: The distinguishing feature of this vehicle is its luggage compartment, which is an extension of the passenger compartment. Access to the luggage compartment is gained through an upward-opening hatch-type door. A car of this design can be a three- or five-door model; the third

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Hatchback: Hatchback cars are identified by a rear door including the back window, that opens to access a storage area that is not separated from the rest of the passenger compartment. A hatchback may have two or four doors and two or four seats. They are also called three-door or five-door cars. A

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Sportabout was introduced for the 1972 model year and featured a "liftgate-style hatchback instead of swing-out or fold-down tailgate ... would set a precedent for liftgates in modern SUVs." The 1978-1996 GM's mid-size station wagons also returned to the upward-lifting rear window/gate as had been

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As the wooden bodies were replaced by steel from 1945 until 1953, manufacturers applied wooden decorative trim to the steel-bodied wagons as a visual link to the previous wooden style. By the late 1950s, the wooden trim was replaced by "simulated wood" in the form of stick-on vinyl coverings. The

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Imported station wagons, despite remaining popular in other countries, struggled in the United States. European car manufacturers such as Audi, Volvo, BMW, and Mercedes-Benz continued to offer station wagons in their North American product ranges (marketed using the labels "Avant", "Touring", and

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Cargo volume: Station wagons prioritize passenger and cargo volume—with windows beside the cargo volume. Of the two body styles, a station wagon roof (viewed in profile) more likely extends to the very rearmost of the vehicle, enclosing a full-height cargo volume—a hatchback design (especially a

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Rover and Austin produced 4×4 canvas-topped utility vehicles in the 1950s that were available in estate body styles sold as "Station Wagons". They incorporated better seating and trim than standard editions with options such as heaters. Early advertising for the Land Rover version took the name

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tailgate, also called a "disappearing" tailgate because when open, the tailgate was entirely out of view. On the clamshell design, the rear power-operated glass slid up into the roof and the lower tailgate (with either manual or optional power operation), lowered below the load floor. Manually

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In the United States, Ford's full-size station wagons for 1966 introduced a system marketed as "Magic Doorgate"—a conventional tailgate with retracting rear glass, where the tailgate could either fold down or pivot open on a side hinge—with the rear window retracted in either case. Competitors

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provided an advantage to minivans (and later SUVs) over station wagons because the minivans and SUVs were classified as trucks in the United States and, therefore subject to less stringent fuel economy and emissions regulations. Station wagons remained popular in Europe and in locations where

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In the early 1950s, tailgates with hand-cranked roll-down rear windows began to appear. Later in the decade, electric power was applied to the tailgate window so it could be operated from the driver's seat and by a key-activated switch in the tailgate. By the early 1970s, this arrangement was

818:) became the first car company to offer a station wagon assembled on its production line (using a wooden wagon body shipped in from an outside supplier). One of the first builders of wagon bodies was the Stoughton Wagon Company from Wisconsin, which began putting custom wagon bodies on the 431:

A station wagon design featuring a retractable rear roof section and a conventional rear tailgate with a window that rolled down and the gate opened down. The sliding roof section allowed the carrying of tall objects in the rear cargo area. This configuration appeared on the 1963–1966

1870:, is an estate car made unique by having a split side-opening tailgate across both generations and a shooting brake body style in its first, with a small rearward-opening door on its right-hand side for rear seat access. The second generation was available in the high-performance 845:. As part of the overall trend in the automotive industry, wooden bodies were superseded by all-steel bodies due to their strength, cost, and durability. The commercial vehicle status was also reflected on those vehicles' registrations For example, there were special "Suburban" 1143:

gave rise to a station wagon counterpart, the 2010 CTS Sportwagon, which defied the trend by offering almost as many trim levels as its sedan counterpart. The CTS wagon, particularly in the performance CTS-V trim, received positive reviews until it was discontinued in 2014.

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Manufacturers may designate station wagons across various model lines with a proprietary nameplate for marketing and advertising differentiation. Examples include "Avant", "Break", "Caravan", "Kombi", "Sports Tourer", "Sports Wagon", "Tourer", "Touring", and "Variant".

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in the mid-2000s as an executive take on a Vectra estate, and it was only available in such a body style; the Insignia VXR, a high-performance variant of the Insignia available in its first generation could also be had as an estate, with a V6 engine producing 321 bhp.

1922:. This large family car also had the faster ZT-T version, a modified version of which, with over 800 bhp, gained the World's Fastest (non-production) Estate Car title in September 2003, with a top speed of 225.609 mph (363 km/h). Before its discontinuation, 912:

When automobile production resumed after World War II, technological advances made all-steel station wagon bodies more practical, eliminating the cost, noise, and maintenance associated with wood bodies. The first mass-produced steel-bodied station wagon was the 1946

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station wagons that went up the roof's drip rail and around on the spit liftgate. The larger-sized Cross Country station wagon was available with bodyside wood trim that went unbroken up the C and D pillars to a thin strip on the roof above the side windows.

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becoming the largest station wagon model in the range from 1995. In a similar situation to the United States, the decline of traditional Break and Familiale models in France was in no small part due to the introduction of the minivan in the form of the

1088:, the last American full-size wagons, were discontinued in 1996. Smaller station wagons were marketed as lower-priced alternatives to SUVs and minivans. Domestic wagons also remained in the Ford, Mercury, and Saturn lines. However, after 2004, these 1464:

from 1977 through 1980. The wagon embodied all the features and handling of the coupe, including the wheelbase, while only 2.5 in (64 mm) longer and increasing cargo capacity to 48.3 cu ft (1,368 L) with the rear seat down.

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shared with other body styles, resulting in many shared components (such as chassis, engine, transmission, bodywork forward of the A-pillar, interior features, and optional features) being used for the wagon, sedan, and hatchback variants of the

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Early estate cars were after-market conversions, with the new bodywork using a wooden frame and either steel or wooden panels. These wooden-bodied cars, produced until the 1960s, were among the most expensive vehicles. Since the 1930s, the term

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featured raised roof lines beginning above the second-row seat and continuing to the rear tailgate, resulting in the third row of seats being forward-facing. General Motors also used forward-facing seats for the third row from 1971 through 1976

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defines a station wagon as "an automobile with one or more rows of folding or removable seats behind the driver and no luggage compartment but an area behind the seats into which suitcases, parcels, etc., can be loaded through a tailgate."

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have taken over a large portion of this market since the 2000s, with manufacturers replacing their station wagons with equivalent hatchbacks or crossover SUVs (i.e., Subaru replaced the wagon with the hatchback for their third-generation

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said, "Station wagon-style ... follows that of the production sedan of which it is the counterpart. Most are on the same wheelbase, offer the same transmission and engine options, and the same comfort and convenience options."

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was available in both five-seat and seven-seat 'Familiale' versions. As with the Citroëns, changing demands in the French car market led to the end of the large Peugeot station wagon models in the mid-1990s, with the smaller

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when the opening area is very sloped and is lifted up to open. Station Wagon: A station wagon or wagon is a car with a full-height body all the way to the rear; the load-carrying space created is accessed via a rear door or

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The split gate features an upward-swinging window and a downward-swinging tailgate, both manually operated. This configuration was typical in the 1920s through the 1940s, and remained common on many models into the 1960s.

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version) is likely to have steeply sloping roofline behind the B- or C-Pillar, prioritizing style over interior volume or cargo capacity, sometimes having a shorter rear overhang and smaller side windows (or no windows at

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Seating: Some station wagons have three rows of seats, whereas a hatchback will have two at most. The rearmost row of seating in a station wagon is often located in the cargo area and can be front-facing, rear-facing, or

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in the case of a station wagon) that is hinged at roof level. Folding rear seats designed to provide a larger space for cargo in place of passenger capacity, are also typical features for station wagons and hatchbacks.

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that allowed a self-leveling ride height and automatic brake biasing regardless of the load carried. The car could also 'kneel' to the ground to facilitate loading heavy or large items. The successors to the ID, the

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The first station wagons were built in around 1910 by independent manufacturers producing wooden custom bodies for the Ford Model T chassis. They were initially called "depot hacks" because they worked around train

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was available with a 575 bhp (429 kW; 583 PS) 5.0 L supercharged V8, while the latter generation's most powerful engine was a 380 bhp (283 kW; 385 PS) 3.0 L supercharged V6.

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An upward-lifting, full-height, full-width rear door, where the window on the rear door can be opened independently from the rear door itself. The window is also opened upwards and is held on pneumatic struts. The

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chassis with an exposed wood body, most often found around railroad stations, was the predecessor of the station wagon body style in the United States. These early models with exposed wooden bodies became known as

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By 1951, most station wagons were being produced with all-steel bodies. Station wagons experienced the highest production levels in the United States from the 1950s through the 1970s as a result of the American

1681:-Series Vauxhall Victors, built between 1966 and 1978, were large cars and featured estate models in the style of an American station wagon with front and rear bench seats and large-capacity petrol engines. 753:

The Cadillac CTS-V Wagon introduced for the 2011 model year was considered the most potent production station wagon offered with a manual transmission, and the Corvette-engined version continued until 2014.

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In 1983, station wagons represented 15% of the passenger car market, reflecting a trend throughout Europe of increasing popularity through the 1980s, with the vehicles becoming less cargo-oriented.

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for cargo access, with variations ranging from a two-part liftgate to a complex tailgate that can function as a full tailgate or a trunk lid. Station wagons have also been equipped with numerous

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American station wagons could be optioned with a third row of seating in the cargo area (over the rear axle) for a total of nine seats. Before 1956, the third-row seats were forward-facing.

661:, called the Break, Familiale, or Safari, had a different solution: two number plates were fitted to the tailgate at right angles to each other so one would be visible in either position. 1816:, were available estate body style. The first generation had a 'floating roof' appearance as its D-pillars were blended with the rear and side windows to make it look like glass. The 2374:

South Korean manufacturers do not have a strong tradition of producing station wagons. The first station wagon by the South Korean manufacturer was released way back in 1995 as the

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A side-hinged tailgate that opened like a door was offered on some three-seat station wagons to make it easier for the back-row passengers to enter and exit their rear-facing seats.

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Cargo floor contour: A station wagon often has a fold-flat floor (for increased cargo capacity), whereas a hatchback is more likely to have a cargo floor with a pronounced contour.

2103:, continued to be among the largest station wagon cars produced in Europe. Nevertheless, the model was discontinued in 2000, and a station wagon version was unavailable for its 1880: 1453:

Kammback, introduced in September 1970, was the first U.S.-made four-seat wagon and the first two-door wagon from GM in six years. It shared its wheelbase and length with Vega

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available on full-size, intermediate, and compact wagons. The lowered bottom hinged tailgate extended the cargo area floor and could serve as a picnic table for "tailgating."

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Ford marketing began using “Country Squire” with the 1950 model year for the station wagon body design. From 1950 through 1991, their simulated wood trim differentiated the

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Despite the popularity of station wagons in America, estate offerings in the U.K. from Ford and Vauxhall were limited to factory-approved aftermarket conversions of the

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For 1969, Ford incorporated a design that allowed the rear glass to remain up or down when the door pivoted open on its side hinge, marketing the system, engineered by

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chassis in 1919 and by 1929 the Ford Motor Company was the biggest producer of chassis' for station wagons. Since Ford owned its own hardwood forest and mills (at the

5114: 2205:(introduced in 1985). In many markets, the station wagon models of the 700 Series significantly outsold the sedan models. In 1990, the 700 Series was replaced by the 1964: 1406:

General Motors began producing two-door station wagons in 1955 with the "Chevrolet Handyman" and the "Pontiac Chieftain". General Motors also introduced the sportier

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introduced hybrid power to the compact wagon market, but was discontinued in 2017 to streamline the Toyota hybrid lineup and focus on the RAV4 Hybrid Crossover SUV.

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Ford and Holden produced wagon models based on each generation of their large sedan platforms until 2010. Other wagons produced in Australia include the smaller

802:, because the production of the all-wood bodies was very time-consuming. Eventually, car manufacturers began producing their station wagon designs. In 1922, the 4638: 208:

Either horse-drawn or automotive, the earliest use of the station wagon description would be considered to describe utility vehicles or light trucks. The depot

142:, as well as a D-pillar. Station wagons can flexibly reconfigure their interior volume via fold-down rear seats to prioritize either passenger or cargo volume. 4341: 2471:

ended production in 2010, primarily due to the declining station wagon and large car market, but also following the 2004 introduction and sales success of the

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attached to the lower tailgate of the split rear door. When the tailgate was folded down, the plate hung down and remained readable. The wagon versions of the

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Ford and Vauxhall produced factory-built estate variants of all three of their respective core models (small-, family- and large-size cars) by the 1970s. The

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station wagon models from the lower trim versions. The "Squire" trim level was an available option in a few different Ford model ranges, including the

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AMC and Ford exited the field beginning with their 1960 and 1961 vehicles, leaving Chrysler and Dodge with the body style through the 1964 model year.

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Rear suspension: A station wagon may include a reconfigured rear suspension for additional load capacity and to minimize intrusion in the cargo volume.

1851: 3842: 3137: 2178:, introduced in 1953. The Duett two-door wagon was conceived as a dual-function delivery van and people-carrier and is based on the chassis of the 1025:

The popularity of the station wagon—particularly full-size station wagons—in the United States was blunted by increased fuel prices caused by the

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Chrysler's 1957 models had a roof too low to permit a forward-facing seat in the cargo area, so a rear-facing seat was used for the third row.

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The first Australian-designed car was built in 1948, but locally designed station wagons did not appear until nine years later when the 1957

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Similar configurations became the standard feature on full-size and intermediate station wagons from General Motors, Ford, Chrysler, and

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sedan. Following a hiatus in station wagon production since the Saab 95 ended production in 1978, the company introduced the four-door

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wagons. However, Japanese manufacturers did not build station wagons in large volumes until the 1980s when the body style, along with

1678: 205:, The station wagon body style is called an "estate car" or "estate" in the United Kingdom or a "wagon" in Australia and New Zealand. 55: 1161:

was marketed as a sub-compact station wagon in the North American market. This model was withdrawn from the U.S. market after 2019.

791:, as taxicabs were then known). They also came to be known as "carryalls" and "suburbans". Station wagons were initially considered 6292: 4155: 3573: 1183:

woodgrain feature is not that the body is wood—or that it could ever be wood—rather, it is "totally honest in its artificiality."

6126: 1914:, made in China - solely as an estate in the United Kingdom, the first estate since the brand's rebirth. Previously, MG sold the 1132:

Touring models were discontinued in 2010 due to slow sales in the United States, with only 400 wagons sold in 2009. In 2012, the

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The late 1950s through the mid-1960s was also the period of greatest variation in body styles, with models available without a

2114:, introduced in 1960, offered a conventional large station wagon alternative to the innovative Citroëns. Its replacement, the 6306: 6285: 6278: 4612: 3894: 3814: 3738: 3713: 3190: 3546: 1220:

that launched the luxury SUV market segment. Simulated wood-grain trim differentiated the top level models of the 1957-1991

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station wagon. Also in 1929, J.T. Cantrell began supplying woodie bodies for Chrysler vehicles, which continued until 1931.

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with its roof extended rearward over a shared passenger/cargo volume with access at the back via a third or fifth door (the

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The design element was also used on cars that were not station wagons, including sedans, pickup trucks, and convertibles.

4984: 4233: 3060: 1724:, staying in production till 2022. The second generation Insignia was also made in Country Tourer form, a slightly raised 6327: 6313: 5063: 4422: 4207: 3447: 2830: 1585:

Manufacturers often chose a specific model name to apply to all their estate cars as a marketing exercise - for example,

1571: 1551:(originally a term for hunting vehicles) has been an alternative, if now rarely used, to the term for estates in the UK. 1120:"Estate" respectively). However, these vehicles had fewer trim and power train levels than their sedan counterparts. The 181:

Station wagons have evolved from their early use as specialized vehicles to carry people and luggage to and from a train

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General Motors adopted the rear-facing third row for most models during 1959-1971 and 1977–1996. However, the 1964–1972

3520: 3086: 2314: 1109: 4854: 1674: 1649: 1213:. The Squire was the highest trim level of any Ford Wagon and included additional exterior and better interior trims. 704:, developed with Porsche, has been described as the world's first performance station wagon. This was followed by the 587: 5362: 4743: 4706: 3780: 3421: 3018: 2956: 2919: 2695: 2534: 1751: 1712:

family car from 1980 continuing till now in estate form, as well as other estate versions of larger cars such as the

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used the Countryman name, and Morris called it Traveller. Some estates were closely derived from existing commercial

1582:. Most of these models were two-door estates, and several models were built on the chassis of relatively small cars. 1177: 1112:. With other brands, the niche previously occupied by station wagons is now primarily filled with a similar style of 4906: 1124:

in Estate trim is a performance station wagon offered in the U.S. market. The station wagon variants of the smaller

690: 367:—often where the rear window can swing up independently. A variety of other designs have been employed in the past. 5165: 5140: 841:

was the most expensive car in the company's model range. The first all-steel station wagon body style was the 1935

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By the 1930s, station wagons had become expensive and well-equipped vehicles. When it was introduced in 1941, the

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may be used to prevent unsecured cargo from causing injuries in the event of sudden deceleration, collision, or a

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configuration, a shared interior volume for passengers and cargo as well as a hatch or rear door (often called a

1793: 221:. By the 1920s the status of the station wagon description changed to consider them as vehicles for passengers. 135: 6427: 2880: 2322: 842: 723:

V8 engine rated at 425 hp (317 kW; 431 PS). The Dodge Magnum SRT-8 shared its platform with the

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version of the standard Insignia Sports Tourer. Between 1978 and 2003, they also sold estate versions of two

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wagon that was introduced one year later. The 900 Series ended production in 1998, and its successor (the

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with a third row of seats, such as the rear-facing jump seat for two passengers in the cargo area of the

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Other German manufacturers have produced station wagon versions of their performance models, such as the

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to their lineup in 1955. Ford began production of steel-bodied two-door station wagons in 1952 with the

885: 583: 6344: 6146: 4482: 3920: 3396:"The Chrysler 300C SRT8 Touring Is The Muscle Wagon You Always Wanted (But Still Can't Get In The USA)" 2659: 2644: 2472: 2286: 1368: 1237: 1080:, which closely approximate the traditional station wagon body style, was a blow. After low sales, the 941: 654: 554: 17: 5313: 4907:"PM Owners Report: AMC Pacer Station Wagon No one feels wishy-washy about AMC's eye-catchingest wagon" 4828: 719:

SRT-8 model brought power and performance with station wagon features. The cars featured a 6.1 L

6120: 4934:"Vintage R&T Review: 1977 AMC Pacer Wagon – "What The Pacer Should Have Been From The Beginning"" 3164: 2091: 1482: 1403:. In 1956, Studebaker introduced three new two-door wagons in Pelham, Parkview, and Pinehurst trims. 1392: 1233: 914: 607: 562: 4802: 3343: 3111: 2366:

take elements from older station wagons while being more in line with their corresponding category.

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magazine. Subsequent GM full-size wagons reverted to the door/gate system for its full-size wagons.

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Many modern station wagons have an upward-swinging, full-width, full-height rear door supported on

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wagon). Station wagons remain popular in Japan, although they are in slow decline as the SUVs and

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was the 1991 and 1992 "Wagonback", featuring a long roof and a rear hatch in place of the sloping

579: 6448: 6156: 6131: 5750: 4259: 2318: 1629: 1376: 773: 218: 213: 185:. The demand for station wagon body style has faded since the 2010s in favor of the crossover or 5935: 4111:"Comparison of passenger vehicle economy and greenhouse gas emission standards around the world" 3498: 1640: 127: 6379: 6151: 6061: 5988: 5561: 1725: 1202: 1113: 747: 401: 5477: 5293:

Meurer, Stany (24 January 1985). "Deux levres pour un hayon" [Two lips for one boot].

4698: 2217:) did not include any wagon models. Volvo station wagons produced since the mid-1990s are the 1216:

Other woodie-style wagon models produced in significant numbers include the 1984 through 1993

1013: 73: 5880: 5745: 5500: 4185: 3217: 2754:"The woodgrained Nash Rambler Cross Country wagon is an unintentional postmodern masterpiece" 2721: 2476: 2461: 2430: 2406: 2291: 1911: 1567: 1269: 1125: 1121: 1077: 922: 2685: 2252:

station wagon in 1997, which was produced until 2010. In 2005 a 'Sportwagon' version of the

1886:

First generation Mini Clubman - shooting brake shape and right rearward-opening door visible

6374: 6338: 5192:"Curbside Classic: 1970 Saab 95 – Saab Shows Ford How To Make The Shortest Three-Row Wagon" 5036: 2306: 1778:

estate from 1998 that replaced the Escort, as well as the estate version of the family car

1693: 1586: 1400: 720: 558: 433: 256: 909:. However, most station wagons were produced with wooden bodies until after World War II. 8: 6232: 5953: 5765: 5510: 4370: 3244: 2032: 1863: 1817: 1656: 1559: 1294: 1221: 1198: 1034: 827: 646: 602: 478: 80: 5242: 1057:

emissions and efficiency regulations did not distinguish between cars and light trucks.

6364: 6242: 6214: 5958: 5890: 5394: 5115:"The World's Greatest Wagons: Peugeot 203, 403, 404, 504, 505 – An Illustrated History" 5010: 3300: 2498: 2050: 1353: 959: 902: 807: 806:

became the first mass-produced car to use a steel body (in this case, a fully enclosed

803: 792: 544: 119: 3318: 2619: 6389: 6252: 6237: 6224: 6204: 6179: 6023: 4739: 4702: 4691: 3810: 3776: 3754:

Brown, Arch (April 1997). "Natural History: The 'Woody' Station Wagon Story—Part I".

3734: 3709: 3473: 3292: 3287: 3270: 3014: 2952: 2915: 2691: 2530: 2001: 1871: 1721: 1713: 1697: 1336: 1081: 1070: 929: 811: 743: 288: 273: 269: 265: 173: 131: 3942: 3702: 1189:

Unique simulated wood designs included trim on the body pillars of the compact-size

928:

The first postwar station wagon to be based on a passenger car chassis was the 1949

6194: 6141: 6071: 5968: 5845: 5675: 4960:"The Geo Storm Was A Sporty Gem From America's Bargain Basement Brand: Holy Grails" 3369: 3304: 3282: 2468: 2453: 2442: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2141: 1813: 1733: 1602: 1563: 1489: 1442: 1415: 1085: 1038: 1018: 788: 686: 674: 209: 95: 5795: 2997:

A three or five-door hatchback (no separate trunk compartment) is a 'two-box' car.

2564: 6384: 6209: 6199: 6189: 5820: 3138:"American Motors Presents: four ways you can be the 1970 wagon master (brochure)" 2375: 2301:

four-door wagon, based on a compact sedan chassis. This was followed by the 1963

2179: 1787: 1741: 1717: 1625: 1614: 1430: 1407: 1357: 1065: 1026: 933: 876: 107: 5088: 3868: 6135: 5925: 5900: 5885: 5790: 5737: 5419: 2363: 2351: 2338: 2190: 2125: 1927: 1923: 1737: 1729: 1709: 1548: 1505: 1450: 1418:. In 1956, Ford responded to the Nomad and Safari with the two-door wagon, the 1411: 1287: 1148: 1105: 1053: 1000: 955:

or pillarless models) or with a B-pillar, both in 2-door and 4-door variants.

628: 519: 496: 115: 830:

in Michigan's Upper Peninsula) it began supplying the wood components for the

555:

Chevrolet Kingswood, Townsman, Brookwood, Bel Air, Impala, and Caprice Estates

6442: 6422: 6404: 6116: 6066: 5963: 5915: 5655: 5609: 5505: 5444: 4535:"A look back at the 1963–1991 Jeep Wagoneer: A guide to year-to-year changes" 4371:"DI-NOC Siding: Restoring a station wagon's wood grain is now quick and easy" 2387: 2383: 2342: 2310: 2280: 1805: 1689: 1663: 1598: 1540: 1419: 1361: 1322: 1101: 815: 724: 670: 202: 198: 5870: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2086: 2078:

Familiale model introduced in 1935. The first Peugeot station wagon was the

2057: 1554:

Later, estates were produced by vehicle manufacturers and included the 1937

1136:

compact station wagon was withdrawn from the U.S. market due to poor sales.

658: 5865: 5860: 5770: 5614: 5589: 5439: 5217: 3637: 3296: 2449: 2379: 2359: 2298: 2186: 2016: 2008: 1867: 1606: 1423: 1396: 1229: 1190: 1140: 1129: 1100:

station wagon was discontinued in 2008. An exception to this trend was the

1037:. While the K platform was also used for station wagon models (such as the 948: 861: 819: 799: 716: 642: 566: 347: 304: 261: 197:

Reflecting the original purpose of transporting people and luggage between

171:, and bodywork forward of the A-pillar, and usually the B-pillar. In 1969, 139: 4639:"Automotive History: The Short And Odd Life Of The Two Door Station Wagon" 4561:"Limited-edition woody Grand Wagoneers support Hagerty Drivers Foundation" 921:. In 1947, Crosley introduced a steel-bodied station wagon version of the 6417: 6359: 6354: 6171: 6111: 6096: 6051: 5983: 5920: 5875: 5780: 5665: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5528: 5434: 2414: 2410: 2355: 2175: 2147: 2120: 2115: 2111: 2079: 2039: 2012: 1801: 1783: 1779: 1685: 1667: 1621: 1579: 1372: 1311: 1093: 1089: 1042: 1029:. Then, in 1983, the market for station wagons was further eroded by the 906: 650: 632: 156: 62: 3422:"The Dodge Magnum SRT-8: The Station Wagon Built for a Family On the Go" 2157: 2000:

In 1961, Volkswagen introduced the two-door "Variant" body style of the

1769:

Opel Astra L Sports Tourer - estate version of the 11th generation Astra

239:

and some Post-Soviet countries, this type of car is called "universal".

6013: 5998: 5993: 5760: 5599: 5581: 5492: 5454: 5429: 2402: 1970:

This MG ZT-T became the world's fastest (non-production) estate in 2003

1775: 1594: 1575: 1365: 1210: 1097: 918: 615: 364: 299:

Distinguishing features between hatchbacks and station wagons include:

168: 1535: 1164:

In 2016, Volvo reintroduced a large wagon to the U.S. market with the

849:

used well into the 1960s, long after station wagons became car-based.

6161: 6101: 6041: 6008: 5910: 5895: 5855: 5850: 5830: 5810: 5755: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5594: 5571: 5467: 5424: 3940: 2493: 2457: 2438: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2164: 1931: 1833:

Jaguar XFR-S Sportbrake, showing the floating roof effect at the rear

1469: 1468:

The last two-door wagon available marketed in the United States, the

1461: 1253: 1165: 1133: 1092:

station wagons also began to be phased out in the United States. The

437: 352: 284: 277: 160: 130:), instead of a trunk/boot lid. The body style transforms a standard 44: 3574:"We Still Can't Believe Cadillac Built a 556-hp CTS-V Station Wagon" 3344:"How Porsche Helped Audi Create the World's First Performance Wagon" 2275: 798:

Manufacture of the wooden bodies was initially outsourced to custom

6399: 6394: 6369: 6106: 5835: 5825: 5815: 5800: 5775: 5619: 5604: 5566: 5538: 5482: 5472: 5409: 5064:"2013 Mercedes-Benz GL450 vs. 2012 Mercedes-Benz E350 4Matic Wagon" 4613:"2013 Mercedes-Benz GL450 vs. 2012 Mercedes-Benz E350 4Matic Wagon" 2398: 2253: 2249: 1919: 1473: 739: 709: 705: 701: 694: 335: 312: 123: 4765: 2074:

The first station wagon produced by a French manufacturer was the

1926:

produced various estate cars: the aforementioned 75, also sold in

1613:

literally, showing the vehicle collecting people and goods from a

1454: 1314:

with third-row seat and two-way tailgate open for passenger egress

6046: 6036: 6003: 5978: 5973: 5840: 5805: 5624: 5520: 5462: 5414: 2914:. Springer-Verlag. pp. 30, 1.8.3 Passenger Car Body Styles. 2346: 2330: 2245: 2241: 1903: 1046: 952: 553:

Full-size General Motors, from 1971 through 1976 station wagons (

320:

Other differences are more variable and can potentially include:

2240:

Saab began producing station wagons in 1959, in the form of the

2185:

In 1962, the Volvo Duett was supplemented by a larger but lower

1457:

versions and was produced in the 1971 through 1977 model years.

307:(hatchbacks and station wagons both have A-, B-, and C-pillars). 228:("combination motor vehicle"). "Kombi" is also the term used in 6056: 5343: 3772:

A century of automotive style: 100 years of American car design

3087:"The Studebaker Wagonaire And GMC Envoy Offer Sliding Roof Fun" 2977:"Car Design Glossary—Part 2: One-Box (Monospace or Monovolume)" 2488: 2475:

SUV. Production of wagons in Australia ceased in 2017 when the

2068: 1555: 1380: 236: 229: 4446: 2405:

station wagons designated as Sportswagons with sister company

2007:

Station wagons produced in East Germany include the 1956–1965

465: 453: 5930: 5785: 5354: 1915: 4985:"Improved Commer 8-cwt. Van (archived 30 July 1937 article)" 2526:

Hillier's Fundamentals of Motor Vehicle Technology: Volume 1

2460:

than their sedan counterparts until the introduction of the

2456:. The Ford and Holden wagons were usually built on a longer 896: 685:

Performance models of station wagons have included the 1970

4509:"Jeep's Wagoneer Making Fake Wood Grain Fashionable Again?" 4396:"Against the Grain: 21 Woodies That Weren't Station Wagons" 4342:"2018 Volvo V90 Wagon Will Be Custom Order Only in America" 4260:"Toyota's own hybrid models are eating away at Prius sales" 2881:"Translation of station wagon – English-Russian dictionary" 2464:, which switched to sharing the sedan's shorter wheelbase. 2259:

In 2017 station wagons accounted for 31% of all sold cars.

2193:. Volvo continued production of station wagons through the 1116:, which generally has a car underpinning and a wagon body. 1108:

station wagon models, which continue to be produced at the

5269:"Kombibilen tappar i världen men står sig stark i Sverige" 4886:. Vol. 146, no. 4. October 1976. pp. 96–178 4316:"Volkswagen Is Ending Golf Sportwagen Alltrack Production" 3941:

Editors of Publications International (13 December 2007).

3695: 3693: 3691: 3689: 3687: 3660: 3658: 2856:"Translation of station wagon – English-Polish dictionary" 1008: 767: 6090: 5660: 5548: 5385: 3600:"The Ultimate, Hyper-Rare Family Supercar Is Up for Sale" 2394: 2326: 1874:

trim with up to 302 bhp (225 kW; 306 PS).

1590: 1060: 614:

A simplified, one-piece lift-gate on smaller wagons. The

224:

In Germany, the term "Kombi" is used, which is short for

186: 4178:"BMW Might Kill 5 Series Wagon in Favor of GT Crossover" 3547:"E61 BMW M5 Touring: One of the best M cars of all time" 3224:. Vol. 204, no. 5. pp. 12, 21, 24, 26, 28 2071:, almost all station wagon models are called a "Break". 1460:

American Motors offered a two-door wagon version of the

4028:"About Cars; Chewing Over the Art Of Automotive Design" 3684: 3655: 3632: 3630: 3628: 3626: 3624: 3622: 3620: 2467:

Ford ceased production of wagons in Australia when the

2237:, with the V60 and V90 models currently in production. 569:

models) featured a 'clam shell' design marketed as the

3837: 3835: 3833: 1808:

as an estate during the early 2000s, while the larger

1684:

Other estates sold in the United Kingdom included the

5301:(813). Brussels, Belgium: Editions Auto-Magazine: 25. 4423:"Ford's Flagship Wagons: The 1950-91 Country Squires" 3895:"Motoring Memories: The history of the station wagon" 3843:"The Last, Great, Gasp of the American Station Wagon" 3218:"The Big Wagons: They do a great job—at a high price" 2386:

followed suit a year later with the first-generation

5141:"Volvo Celebrates 60 Years of Station Wagon History" 3968:"Postwar Station Wagons: Mom's Car Makes a Comeback" 3617: 3036:"The Hatchback Is Back (but Nobody Uses the H-Word)" 2189:, which has a four-door body and a horizontal split 1898:

Mini Clubman JCW, demonstrating its split boot doors

1708:

In the decades following, Vauxhall has produced the

1441:(AMC), reintroduced the two-door wagon in the "new" 1395:. Other early two-door station wagons were the 1951 4855:"Motoring Memories: AMC Rambler American 1958-1960" 4735:

American Cars, 1946–1959: Every Model, Year by Year

3830: 2949:

Automotive Technology: a Systems Approach Chapter 4

2905: 2903: 2901: 2341:wagon built from 1979 until 1987 and the 1987–1996 2174:The first station wagon produced in Sweden was the 1422:. This was a one-year-only model, succeeded by the 334:Rear Door: Hatchbacks usually feature a top-hinged 303:D-pillar: Station wagons are more likely to have a 4690: 3701: 3521:"Is this Super Rare BMW M5 Wagon Worth $ 130,000?" 3245:"29 Classic Station Wagons We Miss From Childhood" 1648:One of the smallest estates ever produced was the 1178:Woodie (car body style) § Simulated woodgrain 4720:1954 Studebaker Conestoga two-door station wagon. 2942: 2940: 2645:"Here is Every Station Wagon You Can Buy in 2022" 346:It has become common for station wagons to use a 6440: 4913:. Vol. 147, no. 5. pp. 92–93, 243 3268: 2898: 5089:"A Short History of the Citroen Traction Avant" 4002:"Those famous '56 Rambler Cross Country wagons" 3269:Byard, RW; Bourne, AJ; James, R (August 1999). 1655:Ford's first factory-built estate was the 1963 901:The first all-steel station wagon was the 1935 443: 27:Auto body-style with its roof extended rearward 4604: 4052: 4050: 4048: 3638:"A Short History of Station Wagons in the USA" 2937: 2716: 2714: 2522: 2441:was introduced. Holden's main competitor, the 2297:The first Japanese station wagon was the 1961 1650:Morris Mini Traveller / Austin Mini Countryman 1391:The first two-door station wagon was the 1946 727:Touring SRT-8, which was only sold in Europe. 159:includes multiple body styles, such as sedan, 5370: 4665:"Fashionably Small: The Compact Nash Rambler" 3699: 3271:"Childhood deaths and cargo barriers in cars" 2951:. Cengage Learning. p. 55, Body Styles. 1071:Buick Roadmaster Estate Limited station wagon 251: 4880:"AMC Pacer Station Wagon is a Styling Coup!" 4587:"Woody Wagoneer set the luxury SUV standard" 3474:"2007 Dodge Magnum Full Throttle test drive" 2831:"The 6 coolest woody cars, according to you" 2687:British Woodies: From the 1920s to the 1950s 2529:(5th ed.). Nelson Thornes. p. 11. 2333:, boomed in popularity as leisure vehicles. 1774:Ford made a variety of estates, such as the 1670:was unusual in being a rear-engined estate. 419:rear roof retracted and tailgate hinged down 5112: 4636: 4045: 3758:. Vol. 13, no. 6. pp. 26–41. 3215: 3189:Norbye, Jan P.; Dunne, Jim (October 1970). 3188: 3162: 2711: 2376:Hyundai Avante Touring (Lantra Sportswagon) 5377: 5363: 5172:(Press release) (in Dutch). 9 January 2020 5139:Sapienza, James Derek (14 February 2016). 5034: 4364: 4362: 4339: 2518: 2516: 2514: 1171: 163:, and station wagon, the models typically 5166:"Volvo Cars Gent 2019 production numbers" 4731: 4109:An, Feng; Sauer, Amanda (December 2004). 3960: 3768: 3598:Courtney, Will Sabel (12 December 2020). 3571: 3286: 2802: 2722:"Station wagon/estate car/shooting brake" 1720:which itself was replaced in 2008 by the 897:1945 to 1970: Steel-bodied station wagons 246: 5781:Cabriolet / Convertible / Drophead coupe 5266: 5243:"Saab 9-3 Sportwagon (2005–2011) review" 5138: 4957: 4800: 4662: 4483:"1955 Ford Country Squire Station Wagon" 3886: 3796: 3597: 3061:"1963 AMC Rambler Classic station wagon" 2912:Vehicle Dynamics: Theory and Application 2657: 2590: 2523:Hillier, Victor; Coombes, Peter (2004). 2424: 2285: 2274: 2256:was introduced and produced until 2011. 1979: 1792: 1639: 1534: 1096:wagon was discontinued in 2005, and the 1064: 1049:would soon eclipse them in popularity. 1012: 601: 590:, full-size station wagons conducted by 255: 6127:Homogeneous charge compression ignition 5286: 5061: 5035:Niepraschk, Michael (9 December 2015). 4688: 4610: 4506: 4420: 4359: 4108: 3995: 3993: 3921:"Jeep: From Station Wagon to Superstar" 3918: 3275:Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 3216:Norbye, Jan P.; Dunne, Jim (May 1974). 3191:"The '71 Wagons, Big Changes Coming Up" 3084: 3008: 2946: 2805:"The Knotty History of the Woody Wagon" 2747: 2745: 2743: 2620:"Best Station Wagons for 2022 and 2023" 2511: 2409:offering station wagon versions of the 2244:two-door wagon, which was based on the 2209:, which was sold alongside the smaller 1009:1970 to 1990: Competition from minivans 1003:4-door pillarless hardtop station wagon 768:1910 to 1940: Origins and woodie wagons 14: 6441: 5267:Berggren, Jan-Erik (17 October 2019). 4826: 4368: 4313: 4234:"2014 Cadillac CTS-V Wagon First Test" 4145: 4025: 3471: 3445: 3419: 3393: 3182: 2617: 1782:(1992-2022, which itself replaced the 1128:line-up were dropped in 2007, and the 1061:1990 to present: Competition from SUVs 905:, which was built on the chassis of a 5358: 5311: 4931: 4852: 4772:"1955-1957 Pontiac Star Chief Safari" 4693:Standard Guide to 1950s American Cars 4663:Severson, Aaron (19 September 2009). 4584: 4082: 4056: 3943:"1945–1952 Jeep: Willys Postwar Jeep" 3892: 3753: 3731:The Great American Woodies and Wagons 3728: 3242: 3104: 2909: 2828: 2751: 2559: 2557: 1321:From the 1950s until the 1990s, many 757: 680: 379: 339: 292: 4958:Streeter, Mercedes (19 April 2023). 4904: 4558: 4532: 3999: 3990: 3802: 3033: 3027: 2740: 2683: 2677: 2586: 2584: 2582: 499:as the "Three-Way Magic Doorgate". 4637:Niedermeyer, Paul (24 April 2021). 4507:Garrett, Jerry (9 September 2015). 4487:National Museum of American History 4340:Capparella, Joey (6 January 2017). 4208:"2010 Cadillac CTS Sport Wagon 3.6" 4118:Pew Center on Global Climate Change 3769:Lamm, Michael; Holls, Dave (1996). 3572:Skwarczek, Matthew (10 June 2020). 3446:Bedard, Patrick (20 October 2020). 2658:Stafford, Eric (29 November 2022). 2593:"Sizing up the 1969 Station Wagons" 1703: 1277: 665: 426: 358: 24: 5113:Niedermeyer, Paul (15 July 2022). 5008: 4369:Litwin, Matthew (September 2009). 4085:"Europe's station wagons flourish" 3704:Cars: Early and Vintage, 1886–1930 3666:"The History Of The Station Wagon" 3394:Rivers, Stephen (6 January 2022). 2554: 1386: 25: 6465: 5791:Coupé de Ville / Sedanca de Ville 5336: 5062:Ayapana, Erick (3 January 2013). 4611:Ayapana, Erick (3 January 2013). 4026:Schuon, Marshall (21 June 1992). 3809:. Veloce Publishing. p. 10. 3499:"The World's Best Station Wagons" 2779:"History of the Ford Woody Wagon" 2660:"Best New Station Wagons of 2022" 2579: 2445:introduced wagon models in 1960. 1635: 1530: 1525: 987:1954 Plymouth Savoy Station Wagon 5342: 5305: 5260: 4585:Seams, Clayton (24 April 2015). 4148:"The death of the station wagon" 3448:"Tested: 2006 Dodge Magnum SRT8" 3288:10.1046/j.1440-1754.1999.00379.x 2690:. Veloce Publishing. p. 5. 2591:Hartford, Bill (February 1969). 2378:, followed in early 1996 as the 2156: 2140: 2049: 2031: 1963: 1951: 1939: 1891: 1879: 1850: 1838: 1826: 1762: 1757:Vauxhall Insignia Country Tourer 1750: 1513: 1497: 1481: 1303: 1286: 1261: 1245: 1076:The emergence and popularity of 992: 980: 968: 884: 868: 854: 762: 691:Chevrolet Chevelle Malibu SS-454 635:wagon featured this arrangement. 530: 518: 464: 452: 436:station wagon and the 1998-2009 412: 400: 72: 54: 36: 5235: 5210: 5184: 5158: 5132: 5106: 5081: 5055: 5028: 5002: 4977: 4951: 4925: 4898: 4872: 4846: 4827:Mattar, George (October 2007). 4820: 4794: 4759: 4725: 4697:. Krause Publications. p. 4682: 4656: 4630: 4578: 4559:Fink, Matt (28 February 2023). 4552: 4526: 4500: 4475: 4453:"1950–1959 Ford Country Squire" 4440: 4414: 4388: 4333: 4314:Golson, Daniel (17 July 2019). 4307: 4277: 4252: 4226: 4200: 4170: 4139: 4102: 4083:Heaps, Russ (6 November 2003). 4076: 4057:Lorio, Joe (27 November 2009). 4019: 3934: 3912: 3861: 3762: 3747: 3722: 3591: 3565: 3539: 3513: 3491: 3465: 3439: 3413: 3387: 3362: 3336: 3311: 3262: 3236: 3209: 3156: 3130: 3078: 3053: 3002: 2969: 2927:hatchback car is referred to a 2873: 2848: 2822: 2803:Motavalli, Jim (14 July 2018). 2796: 2771: 2618:Walton, Evan (30 August 2022). 2197:(introduced in 1967), then the 1866:, made from 2007 until 2024 in 1341: 653:) had an upward folding hinged 559:Pontiac Safari and Grand Safari 6428:Template:EC car classification 5384: 5312:Hagon, Toby (2 October 2016). 5011:"2024 Mini Cooper Clubman JCW" 4732:Flory Jr., J. "Kelly" (2008). 4000:Zyla, Greg (19 October 2012). 2752:Kozak, Graham (9 April 2021). 2651: 2637: 2611: 2567:. American Heritage Dictionary 2262: 2201:(introduced in 1974), and the 1812:, produced from 2012, and the 1632:wagon was introduced in 1958. 1256:Wagon with simulated wood trim 917:, based on the chassis of the 891:1940 Pontiac Special Series 25 847:license plates in Pennsylvania 13: 1: 5037:"Deutschland einig Kombiland" 4421:McGuire, Bob (30 July 2023). 4184:. 8 July 2009. Archived from 3919:Cawthon, Bill (15 May 2002). 3893:Vance, Bill (24 March 2001). 3700:G.N. Georgano, G. N. (2002). 3501:. Gear Patrol. 17 August 2015 3420:Veazey, Nick (25 July 2022). 3243:Notte, Jason (9 April 2021). 3112:"The Thinker (Detroit Style)" 3085:Estrada, Zac (29 July 2012). 2504: 2292:Toyota Corolla Touring Sports 2015:Universal, and the 1966–1988 1740:. Vauxhall also produced the 1666:station wagon version of the 1168:, but only by special order. 689:'Grand Sport' pack, the 1973 487:marketed their versions as a 370: 4932:Baron, Rich (7 April 2024). 4853:Vance, Bill (28 July 2006). 4829:"1958-1960 Rambler American" 4801:McNessor, Mike (July 2011). 4600:– via pressreader.com. 3163:O'Clair, Jim (15 May 2008). 2829:Smith, Kyle (22 July 2019). 2420: 2337:to eight years (such as the 597: 547:with a "clam shell" tailgate 509: 444:Dual and tri-operating gates 148:American Heritage Dictionary 7: 5295:Le Moniteur de l'Automobile 5292: 4803:"1958-'60 Rambler American" 3775:. Lamm-Morada. p. 29. 3034:Neil, Dan (28 April 2002). 2565:"Definition: Station Wagon" 2482: 1603:Austin Cambridge Countryman 1226:Chrysler Town & Country 839:Chrysler Town & Country 645:wagon, early models of the 504:American Motors Corporation 10: 6470: 6117:Gasoline / petrol 5881:Roadster / Spider / Spyder 4905:Lamm, Michael (May 1977). 4738:. McFarland. p. 700. 4006:The State Journal-Register 3806:American Woodies 1928-1953 3733:. Crestline Publications. 2910:Jazar, G. Nakhaie (2008). 2783:autoheritagefoundation.org 2546:– via Google Books. 2393:South Korean manufacturer 1975: 1716:, replaced in 1995 by the 1696:(introduced in 1968), and 1238:Chevrolet Kingswood Estate 1175: 942:Mid-20th century baby boom 771: 264:configurations of a sedan 252:Comparison with hatchbacks 6413: 6337: 6257:(engine / drive) 6251: 6223: 6170: 6022: 5944: 5736: 5674: 5633: 5580: 5547: 5519: 5491: 5453: 5402: 5393: 4921:– via Google Books. 4894:– via Google Books. 4539:Classic Cars Today Online 3869:"1923 Star Station Wagon" 3729:Narus, Donald J. (1977). 3370:"Dodge Magnum srt8 specs" 3232:– via Google Books. 3205:– via Google Books. 3011:American Cars of the '50s 2707:– via Google Books. 2607:– via Google Books. 2354:range). Several Japanese 2131: 2092:hydropneumatic suspension 2022: 1857:2021 Jaguar XF Sportbrake 1446:automobile manufacturer. 1393:Willys Jeep Station Wagon 1234:Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser 975:1954 Studebaker Conestoga 563:Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser 5896:Sedan delivery/Panel van 5314:"Ford Falcon wagon dead" 5218:"Saab 9-5 Model Details" 4059:"The Wagon of Cadillacs" 3165:"Collectible Clamshells" 2369: 2270: 1628:until the factory-built 1595:Austin A30/35 Countryman 1560:Hillman Minx Magnificent 1348:capacity of ten people. 1333:Oldsmobile Vista Cruiser 824:Ford Iron Mountain Plant 6157:Liquified petroleum gas 5969:Driverless (autonomous) 4427:macsmotorcitygarage.com 3972:.collectorcarmarket.com 3472:Redgap, Curtis (2006). 1797:2015 Ford Mondeo estate 1786:estate variant made by 1568:Morris Oxford Traveller 1377:Mercedes-Benz GLS-Class 1295:Ford LTD Country Squire 1172:Simulated wood paneling 1110:Subaru of Indiana plant 774:Woodie (car body style) 340:tailgate configurations 192: 6062:Compressed natural gas 5989:Personal rapid transit 4776:auto.howstuffworks.com 4689:Gunnell, John (2004). 4457:auto.howstuffworks.com 3974:. 1999. Archived from 3947:auto.howstuffworks.com 3756:Collectible Automobile 3065:Detroit Public Library 3009:Mueller, Mike (2003). 2947:Erjavec, Jack (2004). 2434: 2294: 2283: 2082:, introduced in 1950. 2076:Citroën Traction Avant 1989: 1958:A 2005 Rover 75 estate 1798: 1688:(introduced in 1966), 1652:, introduced in 1960. 1645: 1607:Standard Ten Companion 1601:. Others included the 1564:Morris Minor Traveller 1543: 1073: 1022: 810:body style). In 1923, 715:The 2006 through 2008 641:Wagons (including the 639:Fold-up license plate: 611: 280: 247:Design characteristics 226:Kombinationskraftwagen 6328:Dual motor-four-wheel 5926:Town (Coupé de Ville) 4533:Sean (15 June 2015). 2477:Holden Commodore (VF) 2462:Holden Commodore (VE) 2431:Holden Commodore (VF) 2428: 2289: 2278: 1995:Mercedes-Benz E-Class 1986:Mercedes-Benz C Class 1983: 1918:, a badge-engineered 1796: 1644:Ford Granada L Estate 1643: 1576:Austin A30 Countryman 1538: 1126:Mercedes-Benz C-Class 1122:Mercedes-Benz E63 AMG 1068: 1016: 748:Volkswagen Passat R36 631:II station wagon and 605: 493:Dual Action Tailgate. 477:A dual tailgate on a 259: 138:design—to include an 6339:Engine configuration 5351:at Wikimedia Commons 4833:Hemmings Classic Car 4782:on 25 September 2020 4766:The Auto Editors of 4463:on 30 September 2020 4285:"VW Golf Sportwagen" 4158:on 29 September 2011 4089:The Washington Times 2885:Cambridge Dictionary 2860:Cambridge Dictionary 2684:Peck, Colin (2008). 2009:Wartburg 311/312/313 1593:models, such as the 1429:After the merger of 1401:Studebaker Conestoga 1272:Woodie Station Wagon 1209:, and the 1970s the 915:Willys Station Wagon 537:Tailgate folded open 471:Tailgate folded down 459:Side-hinged tailgate 434:Studebaker Wagonaire 212:or taxi, often on a 165:share their platform 6345:internal combustion 6147:Internal combustion 5954:All-terrain vehicle 5876:Retractable hardtop 5196:curbsideclassic.com 5119:curbsideclassic.com 4989:commercialmotor.com 4938:curbsideclassic.com 4807:Hemmings Motor News 4770:(25 October 2007). 4643:curbsideclassic.com 4513:Garrett on the Road 4375:Hemmings Motor News 3978:on 15 November 2013 3803:Mort, Norm (2010). 3672:. 23 September 2013 3670:coolridesonline.net 3142:oldcarbrochures.org 1700:(introduced 1976). 1692:(introduced 1967), 1437:, the new company, 1222:Mercury Colony Park 1218:Jeep Grand Wagoneer 1199:Ford Country Squire 828:Kingsford, Michigan 793:commercial vehicles 619:used in the 1940s. 588:Mercury Colony Park 479:Ford Country Squire 283:Station wagons and 114:) is an automotive 81:Mercury Colony Park 4669:ateupwithmotor.com 4591:Regina Leader-Post 4451:(9 October 2007). 4402:. 2 September 2016 4240:. 22 December 2014 4146:Taylor III, Alex. 4127:on 31 October 2016 4063:The New York Times 4032:The New York Times 3040:The New York Times 2987:on 1 December 2010 2728:. 12 December 2022 2499:Sedan (automobile) 2479:ended production. 2435: 2397:produces both the 2295: 2284: 1990: 1799: 1646: 1544: 1354:Chevrolet Suburban 1074: 1023: 934:Buick Super Estate 903:Chevrolet Suburban 843:Chevrolet Suburban 804:Essex Closed Coach 758:History by country 681:Performance models 612: 545:Buick Estate Wagon 380:Retractable window 281: 140:A, B, and C-pillar 6436: 6435: 5732: 5731: 5501:Compact executive 5347:Media related to 4911:Popular Mechanics 4884:Popular Mechanics 4188:on 30 August 2009 3816:978-1-845842-69-7 3740:978-0-912612-13-3 3715:978-1-59084-491-5 3553:. 22 January 2016 3323:aus-ford-uk.co.uk 2981:cardesignnews.com 2597:Popular Mechanics 2319:Mitsubishi Lancer 2315:Mitsubishi Galant 2002:Volkswagen Type 3 1872:John Cooper Works 1814:second generation 1698:Vauxhall Chevette 1520:1977 AMC Pacer DL 1342:clam shell wagons 1337:Buick Sport Wagon 1082:Chevrolet Caprice 1031:Chrysler minivans 930:Plymouth Suburban 826:in what is today 744:Volkswagen Golf R 608:Volkswagen Passat 606:A lift-gate on a 287:have in common a 174:Popular Mechanics 16:(Redirected from 6461: 6348: 6307:Front-four-wheel 6258: 6121:direct injection 6032:Alternative fuel 5846:Multi-stop truck 5400: 5399: 5379: 5372: 5365: 5356: 5355: 5346: 5330: 5329: 5327: 5325: 5309: 5303: 5302: 5290: 5284: 5283: 5281: 5279: 5264: 5258: 5257: 5255: 5253: 5239: 5233: 5232: 5230: 5228: 5214: 5208: 5207: 5205: 5203: 5188: 5182: 5181: 5179: 5177: 5162: 5156: 5155: 5153: 5151: 5145:motorbiscuit.com 5136: 5130: 5129: 5127: 5125: 5110: 5104: 5103: 5101: 5099: 5085: 5079: 5078: 5076: 5074: 5059: 5053: 5052: 5050: 5048: 5032: 5026: 5025: 5023: 5021: 5006: 5000: 4999: 4997: 4995: 4981: 4975: 4974: 4972: 4970: 4955: 4949: 4948: 4946: 4944: 4929: 4923: 4922: 4920: 4918: 4902: 4896: 4895: 4893: 4891: 4876: 4870: 4869: 4867: 4865: 4850: 4844: 4843: 4841: 4839: 4824: 4818: 4817: 4815: 4813: 4798: 4792: 4791: 4789: 4787: 4778:. Archived from 4763: 4757: 4756: 4754: 4752: 4729: 4723: 4722: 4717: 4715: 4696: 4686: 4680: 4679: 4677: 4675: 4660: 4654: 4653: 4651: 4649: 4634: 4628: 4627: 4625: 4623: 4608: 4602: 4601: 4599: 4597: 4582: 4576: 4575: 4573: 4571: 4556: 4550: 4549: 4547: 4545: 4530: 4524: 4523: 4521: 4519: 4504: 4498: 4497: 4495: 4493: 4479: 4473: 4472: 4470: 4468: 4459:. Archived from 4447:Auto Editors of 4444: 4438: 4437: 4435: 4433: 4418: 4412: 4411: 4409: 4407: 4392: 4386: 4385: 4383: 4381: 4366: 4357: 4356: 4354: 4352: 4346:caranddriver.com 4337: 4331: 4330: 4328: 4326: 4320:caranddriver.com 4311: 4305: 4304: 4302: 4300: 4291:. Archived from 4281: 4275: 4274: 4272: 4270: 4256: 4250: 4249: 4247: 4245: 4230: 4224: 4223: 4221: 4219: 4214:. 17 August 2009 4212:caranddriver.com 4204: 4198: 4197: 4195: 4193: 4174: 4168: 4167: 4165: 4163: 4154:. Archived from 4143: 4137: 4136: 4134: 4132: 4126: 4120:. Archived from 4115: 4106: 4100: 4099: 4097: 4095: 4080: 4074: 4073: 4071: 4069: 4054: 4043: 4042: 4040: 4038: 4023: 4017: 4016: 4014: 4012: 3997: 3988: 3987: 3985: 3983: 3964: 3958: 3957: 3955: 3953: 3938: 3932: 3931: 3929: 3927: 3916: 3910: 3909: 3907: 3905: 3890: 3884: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3865: 3859: 3858: 3856: 3854: 3839: 3828: 3827: 3825: 3823: 3800: 3794: 3793: 3791: 3789: 3766: 3760: 3759: 3751: 3745: 3744: 3726: 3720: 3719: 3707: 3697: 3682: 3681: 3679: 3677: 3662: 3653: 3652: 3650: 3648: 3642:stationwagon.com 3634: 3615: 3614: 3612: 3610: 3595: 3589: 3588: 3586: 3584: 3569: 3563: 3562: 3560: 3558: 3543: 3537: 3536: 3534: 3532: 3525:roadandtrack.com 3517: 3511: 3510: 3508: 3506: 3495: 3489: 3488: 3486: 3484: 3469: 3463: 3462: 3460: 3458: 3443: 3437: 3436: 3434: 3432: 3417: 3411: 3410: 3408: 3406: 3391: 3385: 3384: 3382: 3380: 3366: 3360: 3359: 3357: 3355: 3340: 3334: 3333: 3331: 3329: 3315: 3309: 3308: 3290: 3266: 3260: 3259: 3257: 3255: 3240: 3234: 3233: 3231: 3229: 3213: 3207: 3206: 3204: 3202: 3197:. pp. 74–75 3186: 3180: 3179: 3177: 3175: 3160: 3154: 3153: 3151: 3149: 3134: 3128: 3127: 3125: 3123: 3108: 3102: 3101: 3099: 3097: 3082: 3076: 3075: 3073: 3071: 3057: 3051: 3050: 3048: 3046: 3031: 3025: 3024: 3006: 3000: 2999: 2994: 2992: 2983:. Archived from 2973: 2967: 2966: 2944: 2935: 2934: 2907: 2896: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2877: 2871: 2870: 2868: 2866: 2852: 2846: 2845: 2843: 2841: 2826: 2820: 2819: 2817: 2815: 2800: 2794: 2793: 2791: 2789: 2775: 2769: 2768: 2766: 2764: 2749: 2738: 2737: 2735: 2733: 2718: 2709: 2708: 2706: 2704: 2681: 2675: 2674: 2672: 2670: 2664:caranddriver.com 2655: 2649: 2648: 2641: 2635: 2634: 2632: 2630: 2615: 2609: 2608: 2606: 2604: 2588: 2577: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2561: 2552: 2551: 2545: 2543: 2520: 2469:Ford Falcon (BF) 2454:Mitsubishi Magna 2443:Ford Falcon (XK) 2207:Volvo 900 Series 2203:Volvo 700 Series 2199:Volvo 200 Series 2160: 2144: 2053: 2035: 2011:, the 1963–1990 1967: 1955: 1943: 1895: 1883: 1854: 1842: 1830: 1766: 1754: 1704:1980s to present 1517: 1501: 1490:Mercury Commuter 1485: 1443:Rambler American 1416:Ford Ranch Wagon 1307: 1290: 1278:Full-size wagons 1265: 1249: 1236:, and 1969–1972 1086:Buick Roadmaster 1039:Plymouth Reliant 1019:Plymouth Reliant 996: 984: 972: 888: 872: 858: 789:hackney carriage 740:BMW M5 (E60/E61) 736:Mercedes-AMG E63 732:Mercedes-AMG C63 687:Ford Falcon (XY) 666:Safety equipment 624:Swing-up window: 534: 522: 468: 456: 427:Retractable roof 416: 404: 359:Tailgate designs 268:, station wagon 76: 58: 40: 21: 6469: 6468: 6464: 6463: 6462: 6460: 6459: 6458: 6454:Car body styles 6439: 6438: 6437: 6432: 6409: 6380:Single-cylinder 6342: 6341: 6333: 6321:Rear-four-wheel 6272:Front mid-front 6256: 6255: 6247: 6225:Engine position 6219: 6166: 6152:Liquid nitrogen 6018: 5946: 5940: 5728: 5670: 5629: 5576: 5562:Crossover (CUV) 5543: 5515: 5487: 5449: 5389: 5383: 5339: 5334: 5333: 5323: 5321: 5310: 5306: 5291: 5287: 5277: 5275: 5273:Teknikens Värld 5265: 5261: 5251: 5249: 5241: 5240: 5236: 5226: 5224: 5216: 5215: 5211: 5201: 5199: 5190: 5189: 5185: 5175: 5173: 5170:volvocargent.be 5164: 5163: 5159: 5149: 5147: 5137: 5133: 5123: 5121: 5111: 5107: 5097: 5095: 5087: 5086: 5082: 5072: 5070: 5060: 5056: 5046: 5044: 5041:auto.de/magazin 5033: 5029: 5019: 5017: 5007: 5003: 4993: 4991: 4983: 4982: 4978: 4968: 4966: 4964:theautopian.com 4956: 4952: 4942: 4940: 4930: 4926: 4916: 4914: 4903: 4899: 4889: 4887: 4878: 4877: 4873: 4863: 4861: 4851: 4847: 4837: 4835: 4825: 4821: 4811: 4809: 4799: 4795: 4785: 4783: 4764: 4760: 4750: 4748: 4746: 4730: 4726: 4713: 4711: 4709: 4687: 4683: 4673: 4671: 4661: 4657: 4647: 4645: 4635: 4631: 4621: 4619: 4609: 4605: 4595: 4593: 4583: 4579: 4569: 4567: 4557: 4553: 4543: 4541: 4531: 4527: 4517: 4515: 4505: 4501: 4491: 4489: 4481: 4480: 4476: 4466: 4464: 4445: 4441: 4431: 4429: 4419: 4415: 4405: 4403: 4394: 4393: 4389: 4379: 4377: 4367: 4360: 4350: 4348: 4338: 4334: 4324: 4322: 4312: 4308: 4298: 4296: 4295:on 14 June 2015 4283: 4282: 4278: 4268: 4266: 4258: 4257: 4253: 4243: 4241: 4232: 4231: 4227: 4217: 4215: 4206: 4205: 4201: 4191: 4189: 4176: 4175: 4171: 4161: 4159: 4152:autos.yahoo.com 4144: 4140: 4130: 4128: 4124: 4113: 4107: 4103: 4093: 4091: 4081: 4077: 4067: 4065: 4055: 4046: 4036: 4034: 4024: 4020: 4010: 4008: 3998: 3991: 3981: 3979: 3966: 3965: 3961: 3951: 3949: 3939: 3935: 3925: 3923: 3917: 3913: 3903: 3901: 3891: 3887: 3877: 3875: 3867: 3866: 3862: 3852: 3850: 3847:theatlantic.com 3841: 3840: 3831: 3821: 3819: 3817: 3801: 3797: 3787: 3785: 3783: 3767: 3763: 3752: 3748: 3741: 3727: 3723: 3716: 3708:. Mason Crest. 3698: 3685: 3675: 3673: 3664: 3663: 3656: 3646: 3644: 3636: 3635: 3618: 3608: 3606: 3596: 3592: 3582: 3580: 3570: 3566: 3556: 3554: 3545: 3544: 3540: 3530: 3528: 3527:. 3 August 2017 3519: 3518: 3514: 3504: 3502: 3497: 3496: 3492: 3482: 3480: 3470: 3466: 3456: 3454: 3444: 3440: 3430: 3428: 3418: 3414: 3404: 3402: 3392: 3388: 3378: 3376: 3374:fastestlaps.com 3368: 3367: 3363: 3353: 3351: 3342: 3341: 3337: 3327: 3325: 3317: 3316: 3312: 3267: 3263: 3253: 3251: 3241: 3237: 3227: 3225: 3222:Popular Science 3214: 3210: 3200: 3198: 3195:Popular Science 3187: 3183: 3173: 3171: 3161: 3157: 3147: 3145: 3136: 3135: 3131: 3121: 3119: 3118:. 21 April 1967 3110: 3109: 3105: 3095: 3093: 3083: 3079: 3069: 3067: 3059: 3058: 3054: 3044: 3042: 3032: 3028: 3021: 3007: 3003: 2990: 2988: 2975: 2974: 2970: 2959: 2945: 2938: 2922: 2908: 2899: 2889: 2887: 2879: 2878: 2874: 2864: 2862: 2854: 2853: 2849: 2839: 2837: 2827: 2823: 2813: 2811: 2801: 2797: 2787: 2785: 2777: 2776: 2772: 2762: 2760: 2750: 2741: 2731: 2729: 2726:wordorigins.org 2720: 2719: 2712: 2702: 2700: 2698: 2682: 2678: 2668: 2666: 2656: 2652: 2643: 2642: 2638: 2628: 2626: 2616: 2612: 2602: 2600: 2589: 2580: 2570: 2568: 2563: 2562: 2555: 2541: 2539: 2537: 2521: 2512: 2507: 2485: 2423: 2382:station wagon. 2372: 2273: 2265: 2180:PV444 and PV544 2172: 2171: 2170: 2169: 2168: 2161: 2152: 2151: 2150: 2145: 2134: 2065: 2064: 2063: 2062: 2061: 2054: 2045: 2044: 2043: 2036: 2025: 1978: 1971: 1968: 1959: 1956: 1947: 1944: 1934:in the 1990s. 1899: 1896: 1887: 1884: 1858: 1855: 1846: 1843: 1834: 1831: 1788:Ford of Britain 1770: 1767: 1758: 1755: 1706: 1638: 1630:Vauxhall Victor 1626:Vauxhall Cresta 1615:railway station 1533: 1528: 1521: 1518: 1509: 1502: 1493: 1486: 1439:American Motors 1408:Chevrolet Nomad 1389: 1387:Two-door wagons 1358:Ford Expedition 1319: 1318: 1317: 1316: 1315: 1308: 1299: 1298: 1297: 1291: 1280: 1273: 1266: 1257: 1250: 1207:Fairlane Squire 1180: 1174: 1063: 1033:, based on the 1027:1973 oil crisis 1011: 1004: 997: 988: 985: 976: 973: 923:Crosley CC Four 899: 892: 889: 880: 877:Buick Series 50 873: 864: 859: 814:(a division of 776: 770: 765: 760: 683: 668: 600: 592:Popular Science 551: 550: 549: 548: 540: 539: 538: 535: 527: 526: 525:Closed tailgate 523: 512: 484: 483: 482: 481: 474: 473: 472: 469: 461: 460: 457: 446: 429: 424: 423: 422: 421: 420: 417: 409: 408: 405: 382: 373: 361: 254: 249: 199:country estates 195: 88: 87: 86: 85: 84: 77: 68: 67: 66: 59: 50: 49: 48: 41: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6467: 6457: 6456: 6451: 6449:Station wagons 6434: 6433: 6431: 6430: 6425: 6420: 6414: 6411: 6410: 6408: 6407: 6402: 6397: 6392: 6387: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6351: 6349: 6335: 6334: 6332: 6331: 6324: 6317: 6314:Mid-four-wheel 6310: 6303: 6296: 6289: 6282: 6275: 6268: 6261: 6259: 6249: 6248: 6246: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6229: 6227: 6221: 6220: 6218: 6217: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6182: 6176: 6174: 6168: 6167: 6165: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6129: 6124: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6084: 6078: 6069: 6064: 6059: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6028: 6026: 6020: 6019: 6017: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5976: 5971: 5966: 5961: 5956: 5950: 5948: 5942: 5941: 5939: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5908: 5903: 5901:Shooting brake 5898: 5893: 5891:Saloon / Sedan 5888: 5883: 5878: 5873: 5868: 5863: 5858: 5853: 5848: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5753: 5748: 5742: 5740: 5734: 5733: 5730: 5729: 5727: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5686: 5680: 5678: 5672: 5671: 5669: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5637: 5635: 5631: 5630: 5628: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5586: 5584: 5578: 5577: 5575: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5553: 5551: 5545: 5544: 5542: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5525: 5523: 5517: 5516: 5514: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5497: 5495: 5489: 5488: 5486: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5459: 5457: 5451: 5450: 5448: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5406: 5404: 5397: 5395:Classification 5391: 5390: 5382: 5381: 5374: 5367: 5359: 5353: 5352: 5349:Station wagons 5338: 5337:External links 5335: 5332: 5331: 5304: 5285: 5259: 5234: 5222:nadaguides.com 5209: 5183: 5157: 5131: 5105: 5080: 5054: 5027: 5015:Car and Driver 5009:Dorian, Drew. 5001: 4976: 4950: 4924: 4897: 4871: 4845: 4819: 4793: 4768:Consumer Guide 4758: 4744: 4724: 4707: 4681: 4655: 4629: 4617:motortrend.com 4603: 4577: 4551: 4525: 4499: 4474: 4449:Consumer Guide 4439: 4413: 4400:Car and Driver 4387: 4358: 4332: 4306: 4276: 4251: 4238:motortrend.com 4225: 4199: 4169: 4138: 4101: 4075: 4044: 4018: 3989: 3959: 3933: 3911: 3885: 3873:The Henry Ford 3860: 3829: 3815: 3795: 3781: 3761: 3746: 3739: 3721: 3714: 3683: 3654: 3616: 3590: 3564: 3538: 3512: 3490: 3464: 3452:Car and Driver 3438: 3412: 3386: 3361: 3350:. 12 July 2017 3348:Road and Track 3335: 3319:"Grand Sports" 3310: 3261: 3235: 3208: 3181: 3155: 3129: 3103: 3077: 3052: 3026: 3019: 3001: 2968: 2957: 2936: 2920: 2897: 2872: 2847: 2821: 2795: 2770: 2739: 2710: 2696: 2676: 2650: 2636: 2610: 2578: 2553: 2535: 2509: 2508: 2506: 2503: 2502: 2501: 2496: 2491: 2484: 2481: 2473:Ford Territory 2422: 2419: 2371: 2368: 2364:Toyota Prius α 2339:Toyota Corolla 2307:Toyota Corolla 2272: 2269: 2264: 2261: 2162: 2155: 2154: 2153: 2146: 2139: 2138: 2137: 2136: 2135: 2133: 2130: 2126:Renault Espace 2055: 2048: 2047: 2046: 2037: 2030: 2029: 2028: 2027: 2026: 2024: 2021: 1977: 1974: 1973: 1972: 1969: 1962: 1960: 1957: 1950: 1948: 1945: 1938: 1930:form, and the 1901: 1900: 1897: 1890: 1888: 1885: 1878: 1860: 1859: 1856: 1849: 1847: 1844: 1837: 1835: 1832: 1825: 1772: 1771: 1768: 1761: 1759: 1756: 1749: 1730:executive cars 1705: 1702: 1637: 1636:1960s to 1970s 1634: 1558:(based on the 1549:shooting-brake 1532: 1531:1930s to 1950s 1529: 1527: 1526:United Kingdom 1524: 1523: 1522: 1519: 1512: 1510: 1506:Chevrolet Vega 1503: 1496: 1494: 1487: 1480: 1451:Chevrolet Vega 1412:Pontiac Safari 1388: 1385: 1335:and 1964–1969 1309: 1302: 1301: 1300: 1292: 1285: 1284: 1283: 1282: 1281: 1279: 1276: 1275: 1274: 1267: 1260: 1258: 1251: 1244: 1173: 1170: 1149:Toyota Prius V 1106:Subaru Outback 1062: 1059: 1054:CAFE standards 1010: 1007: 1006: 1005: 1001:AMC Ambassador 998: 991: 989: 986: 979: 977: 974: 967: 898: 895: 894: 893: 890: 883: 881: 874: 867: 865: 860: 853: 769: 766: 764: 761: 759: 756: 682: 679: 671:Cargo barriers 667: 664: 663: 662: 636: 629:Renault Laguna 599: 596: 580:AMC Ambassador 542: 541: 536: 529: 528: 524: 517: 516: 515: 514: 513: 511: 508: 497:Donald N. Frey 489:Drop and Swing 476: 475: 470: 463: 462: 458: 451: 450: 449: 448: 447: 445: 442: 428: 425: 418: 411: 410: 407:Split tailgate 406: 399: 398: 397: 396: 395: 394: 393: 381: 378: 372: 369: 360: 357: 344: 343: 332: 329: 325: 318: 317: 308: 289:two-box design 276:from the same 272:and hatchback 253: 250: 248: 245: 203:train stations 194: 191: 134:design into a 78: 71: 70: 69: 60: 53: 52: 51: 42: 35: 34: 33: 32: 31: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6466: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6446: 6444: 6429: 6426: 6424: 6421: 6419: 6416: 6415: 6412: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6375:Reciprocating 6373: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6352: 6350: 6346: 6340: 6336: 6329: 6325: 6322: 6318: 6315: 6311: 6308: 6304: 6301: 6297: 6294: 6293:Rear mid-rear 6290: 6287: 6283: 6280: 6276: 6273: 6269: 6266: 6263: 6262: 6260: 6254: 6250: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6230: 6228: 6226: 6222: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6177: 6175: 6173: 6169: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6137: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6122: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6092: 6088: 6085: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6029: 6027: 6025: 6021: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5951: 5949: 5943: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5906:Station wagon 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5859: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5796:Coupé utility 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5743: 5741: 5739: 5735: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5682: 5681: 5679: 5677: 5673: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5638: 5636: 5632: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5610:Sport compact 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5587: 5585: 5583: 5579: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5554: 5552: 5550: 5546: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5526: 5524: 5522: 5521:Minivan / MPV 5518: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5498: 5496: 5494: 5490: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5460: 5458: 5456: 5452: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5407: 5405: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5392: 5387: 5380: 5375: 5373: 5368: 5366: 5361: 5360: 5357: 5350: 5345: 5341: 5340: 5319: 5315: 5308: 5300: 5297:(in French). 5296: 5289: 5274: 5270: 5263: 5248: 5247:parkers.co.uk 5244: 5238: 5223: 5219: 5213: 5198:. 7 June 2018 5197: 5193: 5187: 5171: 5167: 5161: 5146: 5142: 5135: 5120: 5116: 5109: 5094: 5090: 5084: 5069: 5065: 5058: 5042: 5038: 5031: 5016: 5012: 5005: 4990: 4986: 4980: 4965: 4961: 4954: 4939: 4935: 4928: 4912: 4908: 4901: 4885: 4881: 4875: 4860: 4856: 4849: 4834: 4830: 4823: 4808: 4804: 4797: 4781: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4762: 4747: 4745:9780786452309 4741: 4737: 4736: 4728: 4721: 4710: 4708:9780873498685 4704: 4700: 4695: 4694: 4685: 4670: 4666: 4659: 4644: 4640: 4633: 4618: 4614: 4607: 4592: 4588: 4581: 4566: 4562: 4555: 4540: 4536: 4529: 4514: 4510: 4503: 4488: 4484: 4478: 4462: 4458: 4454: 4450: 4443: 4428: 4424: 4417: 4401: 4397: 4391: 4376: 4372: 4365: 4363: 4347: 4343: 4336: 4321: 4317: 4310: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4280: 4265: 4261: 4255: 4239: 4235: 4229: 4213: 4209: 4203: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4173: 4157: 4153: 4149: 4142: 4123: 4119: 4112: 4105: 4090: 4086: 4079: 4064: 4060: 4053: 4051: 4049: 4033: 4029: 4022: 4007: 4003: 3996: 3994: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3963: 3948: 3944: 3937: 3922: 3915: 3900: 3896: 3889: 3874: 3870: 3864: 3849:. 2 July 2014 3848: 3844: 3838: 3836: 3834: 3818: 3812: 3808: 3807: 3799: 3784: 3782:9780932128072 3778: 3774: 3773: 3765: 3757: 3750: 3742: 3736: 3732: 3725: 3717: 3711: 3706: 3705: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3690: 3688: 3671: 3667: 3661: 3659: 3643: 3639: 3633: 3631: 3629: 3627: 3625: 3623: 3621: 3605: 3601: 3594: 3579: 3575: 3568: 3552: 3548: 3542: 3526: 3522: 3516: 3500: 3494: 3479: 3475: 3468: 3453: 3449: 3442: 3427: 3423: 3416: 3401: 3400:carscoops.com 3397: 3390: 3375: 3371: 3365: 3349: 3345: 3339: 3324: 3320: 3314: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3289: 3284: 3281:(4): 409–10. 3280: 3276: 3272: 3265: 3250: 3246: 3239: 3223: 3219: 3212: 3196: 3192: 3185: 3170: 3166: 3159: 3143: 3139: 3133: 3117: 3113: 3107: 3092: 3088: 3081: 3066: 3062: 3056: 3041: 3037: 3030: 3022: 3020:9780760317129 3016: 3013:. Crestline. 3012: 3005: 2998: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2972: 2965: 2960: 2958:9781401848316 2954: 2950: 2943: 2941: 2933: 2930: 2923: 2921:9780387742434 2917: 2913: 2906: 2904: 2902: 2886: 2882: 2876: 2861: 2857: 2851: 2836: 2832: 2825: 2810: 2806: 2799: 2784: 2780: 2774: 2759: 2755: 2748: 2746: 2744: 2727: 2723: 2717: 2715: 2699: 2697:9781845841690 2693: 2689: 2688: 2680: 2665: 2661: 2654: 2646: 2640: 2625: 2621: 2614: 2599:. p. 106 2598: 2594: 2587: 2585: 2583: 2566: 2560: 2558: 2550: 2538: 2536:9780748780822 2532: 2528: 2527: 2519: 2517: 2515: 2510: 2500: 2497: 2495: 2492: 2490: 2487: 2486: 2480: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2465: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2446: 2444: 2440: 2432: 2427: 2418: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2391: 2389: 2385: 2384:Daewoo Motors 2381: 2377: 2367: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2348: 2344: 2343:Mazda Capella 2340: 2334: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2311:Isuzu Florian 2308: 2304: 2303:Mazda Familia 2300: 2293: 2288: 2282: 2281:Mazda Familia 2277: 2268: 2260: 2257: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2238: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2183: 2181: 2177: 2166: 2159: 2149: 2143: 2129: 2127: 2122: 2117: 2113: 2108: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2093: 2088: 2085:In 1958, the 2083: 2081: 2077: 2072: 2070: 2059: 2052: 2041: 2034: 2020: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2005: 2003: 1998: 1996: 1988:station wagon 1987: 1982: 1966: 1961: 1954: 1949: 1946:A 2022 MG5 EV 1942: 1937: 1936: 1935: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1910:- a rebadged 1909: 1906:marketed the 1905: 1894: 1889: 1882: 1877: 1876: 1875: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1853: 1848: 1841: 1836: 1829: 1824: 1823: 1822: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1810:XF Sportbrake 1807: 1804:produced the 1803: 1795: 1791: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1765: 1760: 1753: 1748: 1747: 1746: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1701: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1690:Vauxhall Viva 1687: 1682: 1680: 1676: 1671: 1669: 1665: 1664:Hillman Husky 1660: 1658: 1653: 1651: 1642: 1633: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1618: 1616: 1610: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1599:Hillman Husky 1596: 1592: 1588: 1583: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1572:Hillman Husky 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1552: 1550: 1542: 1541:Hillman Husky 1537: 1516: 1511: 1507: 1500: 1495: 1491: 1484: 1479: 1478: 1477: 1475: 1471: 1466: 1463: 1458: 1456: 1452: 1447: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1427: 1425: 1421: 1420:Ford Parklane 1417: 1413: 1409: 1404: 1402: 1399:and the 1954 1398: 1394: 1384: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1367: 1363: 1362:Dodge Durango 1359: 1355: 1349: 1345: 1343: 1338: 1334: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1313: 1306: 1296: 1289: 1271: 1264: 1259: 1255: 1248: 1243: 1242: 1241: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1214: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1203:Falcon Squire 1200: 1195: 1192: 1187: 1184: 1179: 1169: 1167: 1162: 1160: 1159: 1152: 1150: 1147:In 2011, the 1145: 1142: 1137: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1117: 1115: 1114:Crossover SUV 1111: 1107: 1103: 1102:Subaru Legacy 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1072: 1067: 1058: 1055: 1050: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1021:station wagon 1020: 1015: 1002: 995: 990: 983: 978: 971: 966: 965: 964: 961: 956: 954: 950: 945: 943: 937: 935: 931: 926: 924: 920: 916: 910: 908: 904: 887: 882: 879:station wagon 878: 871: 866: 863: 857: 852: 851: 850: 848: 844: 840: 835: 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 816:Durant Motors 813: 809: 805: 801: 800:coachbuilders 796: 794: 790: 786: 782: 775: 763:United States 755: 751: 749: 745: 741: 737: 733: 728: 726: 725:Chrysler 300C 722: 718: 713: 711: 707: 703: 698: 696: 693:and the 1992 692: 688: 678: 676: 672: 660: 656: 655:license plate 652: 648: 644: 640: 637: 634: 630: 625: 622: 621: 620: 617: 609: 604: 595: 593: 589: 585: 581: 575: 572: 568: 564: 560: 556: 546: 533: 521: 507: 505: 500: 498: 494: 490: 480: 467: 455: 441: 439: 438:GMC Envoy XUV 435: 415: 403: 391: 388: 387: 386: 377: 368: 366: 356: 354: 349: 341: 337: 333: 330: 326: 323: 322: 321: 314: 309: 306: 302: 301: 300: 297: 294: 290: 286: 279: 275: 271: 267: 263: 258: 244: 240: 238: 233: 231: 227: 222: 220: 215: 211: 206: 204: 200: 190: 188: 184: 179: 176: 175: 170: 166: 162: 158: 153: 150: 149: 143: 141: 137: 133: 129: 125: 121: 118:variant of a 117: 113: 109: 105: 101: 97: 93: 92:station wagon 83:Station Wagon 82: 75: 64: 57: 46: 39: 30: 19: 6215:Twelve-wheel 6172:Drive wheels 5945:Specialized 5905: 5866:Pickup truck 5771:Cabrio coach 5615:Sports sedan 5590:Grand tourer 5322:. 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Retrieved 2525: 2466: 2450:Toyota Camry 2447: 2436: 2392: 2373: 2360:Subaru Exiga 2356:compact MPVs 2335: 2299:Isuzu Bellel 2296: 2266: 2258: 2239: 2184: 2173: 2109: 2084: 2073: 2066: 2017:Wartburg 353 2006: 1999: 1991: 1902: 1864:Mini Clubman 1861: 1800: 1773: 1707: 1683: 1672: 1661: 1657:Ford Cortina 1654: 1647: 1619: 1611: 1584: 1553: 1545: 1467: 1459: 1448: 1428: 1424:Ford Del Rio 1405: 1397:Nash Rambler 1390: 1369:Defender 130 1350: 1346: 1330: 1327: 1320: 1232:, 1971–1992 1230:Buick Estate 1228:, 1970–1990 1224:, 1968–1988 1215: 1211:Pinto Squire 1196: 1191:Nash Rambler 1188: 1185: 1181: 1163: 1157: 1153: 1146: 1141:Cadillac CTS 1138: 1130:BMW 5 Series 1118: 1075: 1051: 1024: 957: 946: 938: 927: 911: 900: 862:Ford Model T 836: 820:Ford Model T 797: 784: 780: 777: 752: 729: 717:Dodge Magnum 714: 699: 695:BMW M5 (E34) 684: 669: 643:Volvo Amazon 638: 623: 613: 591: 584:Dodge Monaco 576: 570: 567:Buick Estate 552: 501: 492: 488: 485: 430: 389: 383: 374: 362: 345: 328:side-facing. 319: 298: 282: 241: 234: 225: 223: 207: 196: 182: 180: 172: 154: 146: 144: 111: 103: 99: 91: 89: 29: 6365:Four-stroke 6265:Front-front 6205:Eight-wheel 6180:Front-wheel 6112:Natural gas 6097:Fossil fuel 6052:Biogasoline 5738:Body styles 5666:Vintage car 5320:. Australia 5252:31 December 5227:30 November 5202:30 November 5093:traction.ch 5068:Motor Trend 5043:(in German) 4751:27 February 4714:27 February 4244:12 November 4218:12 November 4182:edmunds.com 3604:Gear Patrol 3557:27 November 3551:bmwblog.com 3531:27 November 3505:27 November 3144:. p. 4 2809:cartalk.com 2323:Honda Civic 2263:Switzerland 2176:Volvo Duett 2148:Volvo Duett 2121:Peugeot 406 2112:Peugeot 404 2107:successor. 2080:Peugeot 203 2040:Peugeot 404 2013:Trabant 601 1694:Ford Escort 1686:Morris 1100 1668:Hillman Imp 1622:Ford Consul 1580:Ford Squire 1373:Range Rover 1312:AMC Matador 1094:Ford Taurus 1043:Dodge Aries 907:panel truck 787:(short for 651:Subaru Baja 647:Range Rover 633:Ford Taurus 440:SUV model. 390:Side hinge: 365:gas springs 353:model range 278:model range 266:(three box) 157:model range 63:Ford Mondeo 6443:Categories 6390:Two-stroke 6286:Front-rear 6279:Rear-front 6195:Four-wheel 6185:Rear-wheel 6024:Propulsion 6014:Voiturette 5999:Flying car 5994:Police car 5959:Amphibious 5871:Quad coupé 5761:Berlinetta 5478:Street rod 5420:Subcompact 4299:19 January 4131:15 January 4037:15 January 3952:15 January 3853:4 November 3676:4 November 3478:allpar.com 3174:19 January 2840:19 January 2814:19 January 2669:19 January 2629:19 January 2505:References 2433:Sportwagon 2279:1963–1968 2163:1974–1993 2105:Citroën C6 2101:Citroën XM 2097:Citroën CX 2087:Citroën ID 2058:Citroën DS 1539:1954–1957 1476:versions. 1366:Land Rover 1176:See also: 1158:Sportwagen 1098:Ford Focus 1035:K platform 1017:1986–1988 919:Jeep CJ-2A 772:See also: 659:Citroën DS 649:, and the 616:AMC Hornet 571:Glide-away 565:, and the 371:Split gate 285:hatchbacks 169:drivetrain 116:body-style 104:estate car 18:Sportwagon 6300:Rear-rear 6210:Ten-wheel 6200:Six-wheel 6190:Two-wheel 6102:Fuel cell 6042:Biodiesel 6009:Tow truck 5984:Pedal car 5964:Connected 5936:Vis-à-vis 5911:Targa top 5856:Panel van 5851:Notchback 5831:Limousine 5821:Landaulet 5811:Hatchback 5756:Barchetta 5724:S-segment 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