2399:, is relatively small and usually has an insignificant contribution. Specific yield can be close to effective porosity, but there are several subtle things which make this value more complicated than it seems. Some water always remains in the formation, even after drainage; it clings to the grains of sand and clay in the formation. Also, the value of specific yield may not be fully realized for a very long time, due to complications caused by unsaturated flow. Problems related to unsaturated flow are simulated using the numerical solution of
3239:
3092:
3138:
3051:
3039:
3150:
3201:
3126:
3027:
3174:
3227:
3215:
3251:
3162:
3275:
3191:
3114:
3015:
3263:
3063:
1041:
389:
For a confined aquifer or aquitard, storativity is the vertically integrated specific storage value. Specific storage is the volume of water released from one unit volume of the aquifer under one unit decline in head. This is related to both the compressibility of the aquifer and the compressibility
2481:
BĂ©jar-Pizarro, Marta; Ezquerro, Pablo; Herrera, Gerardo; Tomás, Roberto; Guardiola-Albert, Carolina; Ruiz Hernández, JosĂ© M.; Fernández Merodo, JosĂ© A.; Marchamalo, Miguel; MartĂnez, RubĂ©n (2017-04-01). "Mapping groundwater level and aquifer storage variations from InSAR measurements in the Madrid
1825:) on the y-axis against vertical strain or displacement (compaction) on the x-axis. The inverse slopes of the dominant linear trends in these compaction-head trajectories indicate the skeletal storage coefficients. The displacements used to build the stress-strain curve can be determined by
848:
2527:
Tomás, R.; Herrera, G.; Delgado, J.; Lopez-Sanchez, J. M.; MallorquĂ, J. J.; Mulas, J. (2010-02-26). "A ground subsidence study based on DInSAR data: Calibration of soil parameters and subsidence prediction in Murcia City (Spain)".
1559:
217:
1637:
689:
1339:
2301:
541:
1813:-system storage coefficients by examining the drawdown and recovery responses of water levels in wells to applied stresses, typically induced by pumping from nearby wells.
1849:. The inelastic skeletal specific storage of the sample can be determined by calculating the ratio of vertical hydraulic conductivity to the coefficient of consolidation.
1759:
1670:
1372:
1226:
735:
1468:
1435:
432:
578:
1821:
Elastic and inelastic skeletal storage coefficients can be estimated through a graphical method developed by Riley. This method involves plotting the applied stress (
3042:
2337:
1135:
1036:{\displaystyle S_{s}={\frac {1}{V_{a}}}{\frac {dV_{w}}{dh}}={\frac {1}{V_{a}}}{\frac {dV_{w}}{dp}}{\frac {dp}{dh}}={\frac {1}{V_{a}}}{\frac {dV_{w}}{dp}}\gamma _{w}}
796:
2397:
2366:
1732:
1705:
1103:
1074:
764:
494:
467:
331:
302:
247:
81:
3153:
3129:
1193:
1160:
821:
2622:
Riley, F. S. (1969). Analysis of borehole extensometer data from central
California. International Association of Scientific Hydrology. Publication 89, 423–431.
1779:
1402:
378:
356:
269:
83:, of a saturated aquifer is defined as the volume of water that a unit volume of the aquifer releases from storage under a unit decline in hydraulic head.
2448:
Summary of hydrologic and physical properties of rock and soil materials as analyzed by the
Hydrologic Laboratory of the U.S. Geological Survey 1948-1960
3177:
2963:
3230:
1845:
Laboratory consolidation tests yield measurements of the coefficient of consolidation within the inelastic range and provide estimates of vertical
1480:
90:) and laboratory tests on aquifer material samples. Recently, these properties have been also determined using remote sensing data derived from
3117:
2453:
De Wiest, R. J. (1966). On the storage coefficient and the equations of groundwater flow. Journal of
Geophysical Research, 71(4), 1117–1122.
3928:
2880:
132:
1565:
607:
1269:
2469:
1785:) can be estimated from laboratory consolidation tests (in an apparatus called a consolidometer), using the consolidation theory of
1830:
591:
releases from storage, per unit mass or volume of the aquifer, per unit change in hydraulic head, while remaining fully saturated.
91:
3973:
2681:"A ground subsidence study based on DInSAR data: Calibration of soil parameters and subsidence prediction in Murcia City (Spain)"
2956:
1474:
The compressibility terms relate a given change in stress to a change in volume (a strain). These two terms can be defined as:
3383:
2981:
2949:
2243:
volume that a given aquifer will yield when all the water is allowed to drain out of it under the forces of gravity:
2249:
2873:
2731:"Inverse modeling of interbed storage parameters using land subsidence observations, Antelope Valley, California"
2404:
2634:"Storage Coefficients and Vertical Hydraulic Conductivities in Aquitards Using Extensometer and Hydrograph Data"
842:
releases from storage, per volume of the aquifer, per unit decline in hydraulic head (Freeze and Cherry, 1979):
2633:
3631:
3512:
3054:
2920:
3944:
499:
3544:
2989:
2866:
3847:
3242:
2679:
Tomás, R.; Herrera, G.; Delgado, J.; Lopez-Sanchez, J. M.; MallorquĂ, J. J.; Mulas, J. (2010-02-26).
2426:
3923:
3913:
3785:
3775:
3605:
3343:
3141:
2972:
2858:
2730:
4109:
3763:
3738:
3678:
3358:
3299:
2680:
2470:
https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Groundwater%20book%20-%20English.pdf
1737:
1648:
1350:
1204:
700:
1865:. Calibrating these models can lead to optimized estimates of storage coefficients and vertical
1446:
1413:
400:
4026:
3837:
3651:
3487:
3462:
3313:
3292:
3184:
2910:
2799:
1866:
1862:
1846:
549:
4114:
3713:
3522:
3030:
2777:
Relationships between basic soils-engineering equations and basic ground-water flow equations
391:
2843:, Water Supply Paper 1662-D, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, p. 74,
2312:
1110:
771:
4066:
3918:
3875:
3768:
3693:
3076:
2742:
2692:
2645:
2576:
2537:
2491:
2375:
2344:
1710:
1683:
1081:
1052:
742:
472:
445:
309:
280:
225:
59:
2565:"On the determination of transmissibility and storage coefficients from pumping test data"
8:
3842:
3832:
3388:
3373:
3333:
3306:
3081:
3071:
2746:
2696:
2649:
2580:
2541:
2495:
1175:
1142:
803:
4094:
3793:
3502:
3285:
3204:
2657:
2236:
1764:
1387:
363:
341:
254:
126:
of the aquifer. Storativity is a dimensionless quantity, and is always greater than 0.
2429:
describes how these terms are used in the context of solving groundwater flow problems
1105:
is the bulk volume of that portion of the aquifer from which the water is released ();
4099:
3890:
3636:
3527:
3497:
3348:
2821:
2758:
2708:
2661:
2602:
2400:
442:
For an unconfined aquifer, storativity is approximately equal to the specific yield (
33:
2403:, which requires estimation of the specific yield, or the numerical solution of the
3940:
3827:
3718:
3683:
3658:
3338:
2844:
2811:
2780:
2750:
2700:
2653:
2592:
2584:
2545:
2507:
2499:
2372:
It is primarily used for unconfined aquifers, since the elastic storage component,
1673:
3165:
2503:
4056:
3880:
3798:
3733:
3728:
3626:
3492:
3363:
3218:
2704:
2549:
1438:
1375:
1263:
In terms of measurable physical properties, specific storage can be expressed as
1229:
601:
releases from storage, per mass of aquifer, per unit decline in hydraulic head:
4104:
4003:
3895:
3812:
3616:
3378:
3368:
3254:
2905:
2816:
2421:
1822:
1786:
1196:
824:
766:
is the mass of that portion of the aquifer from which the water is released ();
272:
119:
3933:
2235:, also known as the drainable porosity, is a ratio, less than or equal to the
1796:
4088:
4031:
3870:
3748:
3743:
3698:
3467:
2930:
2825:
2762:
2712:
2665:
2606:
2564:
1790:
1379:
1233:
1167:
3238:
3091:
2588:
1554:{\displaystyle \beta _{p}=-{\frac {dV_{t}}{d\sigma _{e}}}{\frac {1}{V_{t}}}}
4051:
4046:
4036:
4016:
3703:
3646:
3477:
3194:
3137:
3050:
2941:
2894:
2632:
Cleveland, Theodore G.; Bravo, Rolando; Rogers, Jerry R. (September 1992).
2416:
1826:
1806:
1241:
87:
17:
3103:
3038:
4061:
3758:
3641:
3580:
3149:
2754:
29:
3200:
3125:
3026:
3885:
3865:
3753:
3565:
3560:
3482:
3472:
3353:
3098:
3018:
2729:
Hoffmann, Jörn; Galloway, Devin L.; Zebker, Howard A. (February 2003).
2512:
1858:
86:
They are often determined using some combination of field tests (e.g.,
2597:
4041:
4021:
3907:
3723:
3708:
3324:
3266:
3066:
2849:
2776:
1834:
2888:
2841:
Specific yield: compilation of specific yields for various materials
2784:
4071:
3958:
3688:
3663:
3590:
3507:
3173:
2925:
1405:
1163:
212:{\displaystyle S={\frac {dV_{w}}{dh}}{\frac {1}{A}}=S_{s}b+S_{y}\,}
3226:
3214:
1632:{\displaystyle \beta _{w}=-{\frac {dV_{w}}{dp}}{\frac {1}{V_{w}}}}
684:{\displaystyle (S_{s})_{m}={\frac {1}{m_{a}}}{\frac {dm_{w}}{dh}}}
4011:
3983:
3668:
3595:
3585:
3575:
3570:
3278:
3250:
2890:
2480:
2240:
1810:
839:
598:
588:
25:
3161:
2678:
2526:
3993:
3988:
3978:
3968:
3900:
3673:
3621:
3431:
3274:
3190:
3113:
1334:{\displaystyle S_{s}=\gamma _{w}(\beta _{p}+n\cdot \beta _{w})}
115:
3014:
1781:) per unit volume. The compressibilities (and therefore also S
3446:
24:
are physical properties that characterize the capacity of an
3262:
3062:
3441:
3436:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3401:
2800:"Extensometer forensics: what can the data really tell us?"
2407:, which does not require estimation of the specific yield.
1797:
Determination of the storage coefficient of aquifer systems
123:
1680:
These equations relate a change in total or water volume (
2450:. U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1839-D. 42 p.
1734:) per change in applied stress (effective stress —
390:
of the water itself. Assuming the aquifer or aquitard is
2728:
2378:
2347:
2315:
2252:
1767:
1740:
1713:
1686:
1651:
1568:
1483:
1449:
1416:
1408:
of the material (dimensionless ratio between 0 and 1)
1390:
1353:
1272:
1207:
1178:
1145:
1113:
1084:
1055:
851:
806:
774:
745:
703:
610:
552:
502:
475:
448:
403:
366:
344:
312:
283:
257:
228:
135:
62:
2631:
1852:
118:of water released from storage per unit decline in
2443:. Prentice-Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, NJ. 604 p.
2391:
2360:
2331:
2295:
1773:
1753:
1726:
1699:
1664:
1631:
1553:
1462:
1429:
1396:
1366:
1333:
1220:
1187:
1154:
1129:
1097:
1068:
1035:
815:
798:is the mass of water released from storage (); and
790:
758:
729:
683:
572:
535:
488:
461:
426:
372:
350:
325:
296:
263:
241:
211:
75:
2239:, indicating the volumetric fraction of the bulk
1840:
519:
56:, by Freeze and Cherry (1979), specific storage,
4086:
1137:is the volume of water released from storage ();
249:is the volume of water released from storage ();
1861:incorporate data on aquifer-system storage and
2957:
2874:
2296:{\displaystyle S_{y}={\frac {V_{wd}}{V_{T}}}}
2971:
2569:Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union
587:is the amount of water that a portion of an
2832:
469:) since the release from specific storage (
2964:
2950:
2881:
2867:
1441:of the bulk aquifer material (mN or ), and
2848:
2815:
2596:
2511:
1816:
569:
496:) is typically orders of magnitude less (
423:
208:
2139:
2048:
1901:
1801:
1470:is the compressibility of water (mN or )
92:Interferometric synthetic-aperture radar
2838:
1248:is much more commonly encountered than
4087:
2797:
2779:(Report). US Geological Survey. 1980.
1076:is the volumetric specific storage ();
2945:
2862:
2446:Morris, D.A. and A.I. Johnson. 1967.
37:
2724:
2722:
2618:
2616:
2562:
2439:Freeze, R.A. and J.A. Cherry. 1979.
2368:is the total rock or material volume
2339:is the volume of water drained, and
536:{\displaystyle S_{s}b\ll \!\ S_{y}}
334:
45:
13:
2658:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1992.tb01556.x
14:
4126:
2982:Offshore geotechnical engineering
2719:
2613:
1872:
1853:Model simulations and calibration
838:) is the volume of water that an
3273:
3261:
3249:
3237:
3225:
3213:
3199:
3189:
3172:
3160:
3148:
3136:
3124:
3112:
3090:
3061:
3049:
3037:
3025:
3013:
2798:Burbey, Thomas J. (2020-03-01).
737:is the mass specific storage ();
2791:
2405:Soil Moisture Velocity Equation
2769:
2672:
2625:
2556:
2520:
2474:
2463:
1876:
1841:Laboratory consolidation tests
1809:analyses provide estimates of
1328:
1296:
718:
704:
625:
611:
97:
1:
3632:Mechanically stabilized earth
2504:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.02.011
2433:
597:is the mass of water that an
437:
102:
3384:Hydraulic conductivity tests
2705:10.1016/j.enggeo.2009.11.004
2550:10.1016/j.enggeo.2009.11.004
7:
3945:Stress distribution in soil
2563:Chow, Ven Ten (June 1952).
2410:
1754:{\displaystyle \sigma _{e}}
1665:{\displaystyle \sigma _{e}}
1367:{\displaystyle \gamma _{w}}
1258:volumetric specific storage
1246:volumetric specific storage
1221:{\displaystyle \gamma _{w}}
832:Volumetric specific storage
730:{\displaystyle (S_{s})_{m}}
384:
358:is the thickness of aquifer
10:
4131:
3095:Pore pressure measurement
2817:10.1007/s10040-019-02060-6
2217:Till, predominantly gravel
1463:{\displaystyle \beta _{w}}
1430:{\displaystyle \beta _{p}}
427:{\displaystyle S=S_{s}b\,}
4002:
3957:
3856:
3848:Preconsolidation pressure
3820:
3811:
3784:
3604:
3553:
3540:
3455:
3409:
3400:
3323:
3243:Standard penetration test
3001:
2988:
2979:
2901:
2490:(Supplement C): 678–689.
2482:aquifer, Central Spain".
2427:Groundwater flow equation
1885:
1882:
1878:Values of specific yield
1761:or pore pressure —
1252:. Consequently, the term
573:{\displaystyle S=S_{y}\,}
122:in the aquifer, per unit
3344:California bearing ratio
3142:Rotary-pressure sounding
2973:Geotechnical engineering
2735:Water Resources Research
2203:Till, predominantly sand
2189:Till, predominantly silt
2070:Medium-grained sandstone
3764:Geosynthetic clay liner
3739:Expanded clay aggregate
3359:Proctor compaction test
3300:Crosshole sonic logging
3286:Nuclear densometer test
3043:Geo-electrical sounding
2839:Johnson, A. I. (1967),
2589:10.1029/tr033i003p00397
1903:Unconsolidated deposits
836:volume-specific storage
304:is the specific storage
32:. These properties are
4027:Earthquake engineering
3838:Lateral earth pressure
3463:Hydraulic conductivity
3314:Wave equation analysis
3293:Exploration geophysics
3185:Deformation monitoring
3154:Rotary weight sounding
2911:hydraulic conductivity
2393:
2362:
2333:
2332:{\displaystyle V_{wd}}
2297:
2056:Fine-grained sandstone
1867:hydraulic conductivity
1863:hydraulic conductivity
1847:hydraulic conductivity
1817:Stress-strain analysis
1775:
1755:
1728:
1701:
1666:
1633:
1555:
1464:
1431:
1398:
1368:
1335:
1222:
1189:
1156:
1131:
1130:{\displaystyle dV_{w}}
1099:
1070:
1037:
817:
792:
791:{\displaystyle dm_{w}}
760:
731:
685:
574:
537:
490:
463:
428:
374:
352:
327:
298:
265:
243:
213:
77:
3205:Settlement recordings
3130:Rock control drilling
3031:Cone penetration test
2394:
2392:{\displaystyle S_{s}}
2363:
2361:{\displaystyle V_{T}}
2334:
2298:
2050:Consolidated deposits
1802:Aquifer-test analysis
1776:
1756:
1729:
1727:{\displaystyle V_{w}}
1702:
1700:{\displaystyle V_{t}}
1667:
1634:
1556:
1465:
1432:
1399:
1369:
1336:
1250:mass specific storage
1223:
1190:
1157:
1132:
1100:
1098:{\displaystyle V_{a}}
1071:
1069:{\displaystyle S_{s}}
1038:
818:
793:
761:
759:{\displaystyle m_{a}}
732:
686:
595:Mass specific storage
575:
538:
491:
489:{\displaystyle S_{s}}
464:
462:{\displaystyle S_{y}}
429:
375:
353:
328:
326:{\displaystyle S_{y}}
299:
297:{\displaystyle S_{s}}
266:
244:
242:{\displaystyle V_{w}}
214:
78:
76:{\displaystyle S_{s}}
4067:Agricultural science
3769:Cellular confinement
2804:Hydrogeology Journal
2755:10.1029/2001WR001252
2484:Journal of Hydrology
2376:
2345:
2313:
2250:
1765:
1738:
1711:
1684:
1649:
1566:
1481:
1447:
1414:
1388:
1351:
1270:
1256:generally refers to
1205:
1176:
1143:
1111:
1082:
1053:
849:
804:
772:
743:
701:
608:
550:
500:
473:
446:
401:
364:
342:
310:
281:
255:
226:
133:
60:
3959:Numerical analysis
3843:Overburden pressure
3833:Pore water pressure
3613:Shoring structures
3488:Reynolds' dilatancy
3389:Water content tests
3374:Triaxial shear test
3334:Soil classification
3307:Pile integrity test
2893:properties used in
2747:2003WRR....39.1031H
2697:2010EngGe.111...19T
2685:Engineering Geology
2650:1992GrWat..30..701C
2581:1952TrAGU..33..397C
2542:2010EngGe.111...19T
2530:Engineering Geology
2496:2017JHyd..547..678B
1886:Specific Yield (%)
1879:
112:storage coefficient
38:specific storage (S
3934:Slab stabilisation
3914:Stability analysis
2389:
2358:
2329:
2293:
2237:effective porosity
1877:
1771:
1751:
1724:
1697:
1662:
1629:
1551:
1460:
1427:
1394:
1364:
1331:
1218:
1195:is the decline in
1188:{\displaystyle dh}
1185:
1162:is the decline in
1155:{\displaystyle dp}
1152:
1127:
1095:
1066:
1033:
823:is the decline in
816:{\displaystyle dh}
813:
788:
756:
727:
681:
570:
533:
486:
459:
424:
370:
348:
323:
294:
261:
239:
209:
73:
22:storage properties
4082:
4081:
3953:
3952:
3929:Sliding criterion
3891:Response spectrum
3807:
3806:
3637:Pressure grouting
3536:
3535:
3396:
3395:
3349:Direct shear test
3055:Permeability test
2939:
2938:
2401:Richards Equation
2291:
2230:
2229:
1774:{\displaystyle p}
1627:
1610:
1549:
1532:
1397:{\displaystyle n}
1021:
994:
974:
954:
927:
907:
880:
679:
652:
522:
373:{\displaystyle A}
351:{\displaystyle b}
264:{\displaystyle h}
177:
167:
46:specific yield (S
4122:
3941:Bearing capacity
3828:Effective stress
3818:
3817:
3719:Land reclamation
3659:Land development
3554:Natural features
3551:
3550:
3518:Specific storage
3407:
3406:
3339:Atterberg limits
3277:
3265:
3253:
3241:
3229:
3217:
3203:
3193:
3178:Screw plate test
3176:
3164:
3152:
3140:
3128:
3116:
3094:
3065:
3053:
3041:
3029:
3017:
2999:
2998:
2966:
2959:
2952:
2943:
2942:
2883:
2876:
2869:
2860:
2859:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2850:10.3133/wsp1662D
2836:
2830:
2829:
2819:
2795:
2789:
2788:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2726:
2717:
2716:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2629:
2623:
2620:
2611:
2610:
2600:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2524:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2478:
2472:
2467:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2367:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2338:
2336:
2335:
2330:
2328:
2327:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2280:
2279:
2267:
2262:
2261:
1923:Sandy clay (mud)
1880:
1780:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1733:
1731:
1730:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1696:
1695:
1674:effective stress
1671:
1669:
1668:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1625:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1586:
1578:
1577:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1501:
1493:
1492:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1436:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1373:
1371:
1370:
1365:
1363:
1362:
1340:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1326:
1308:
1307:
1295:
1294:
1282:
1281:
1254:specific storage
1227:
1225:
1224:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1161:
1159:
1158:
1153:
1136:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1104:
1102:
1101:
1096:
1094:
1093:
1075:
1073:
1072:
1067:
1065:
1064:
1042:
1040:
1039:
1034:
1032:
1031:
1022:
1020:
1012:
1011:
1010:
997:
995:
993:
992:
980:
975:
973:
965:
957:
955:
953:
945:
944:
943:
930:
928:
926:
925:
913:
908:
906:
898:
897:
896:
883:
881:
879:
878:
866:
861:
860:
822:
820:
819:
814:
797:
795:
794:
789:
787:
786:
765:
763:
762:
757:
755:
754:
736:
734:
733:
728:
726:
725:
716:
715:
690:
688:
687:
682:
680:
678:
670:
669:
668:
655:
653:
651:
650:
638:
633:
632:
623:
622:
585:specific storage
579:
577:
576:
571:
568:
567:
542:
540:
539:
534:
532:
531:
520:
512:
511:
495:
493:
492:
487:
485:
484:
468:
466:
465:
460:
458:
457:
433:
431:
430:
425:
419:
418:
379:
377:
376:
371:
357:
355:
354:
349:
332:
330:
329:
324:
322:
321:
303:
301:
300:
295:
293:
292:
270:
268:
267:
262:
248:
246:
245:
240:
238:
237:
218:
216:
215:
210:
207:
206:
191:
190:
178:
170:
168:
166:
158:
157:
156:
143:
82:
80:
79:
74:
72:
71:
16:In the field of
4130:
4129:
4125:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4120:
4119:
4085:
4084:
4083:
4078:
4057:Earth materials
3998:
3960:
3949:
3858:
3852:
3803:
3780:
3734:Earth structure
3729:Erosion control
3627:Ground freezing
3617:Retaining walls
3600:
3542:
3532:
3493:Angle of repose
3451:
3392:
3326:
3319:
3318:
3279:Visible bedrock
3231:Simple sounding
3219:Shear vane test
2995:instrumentation
2994:
2992:
2984:
2975:
2970:
2940:
2935:
2897:
2887:
2857:
2837:
2833:
2796:
2792:
2785:10.3133/wsp2064
2775:
2774:
2770:
2727:
2720:
2677:
2673:
2630:
2626:
2621:
2614:
2561:
2557:
2525:
2521:
2479:
2475:
2468:
2464:
2436:
2413:
2383:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2352:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2320:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2285:
2281:
2272:
2268:
2266:
2257:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2247:
1875:
1859:land subsidence
1857:Simulations of
1855:
1843:
1819:
1804:
1799:
1784:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1745:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1718:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1691:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1656:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1621:
1617:
1612:
1602:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1585:
1573:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1543:
1539:
1534:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1500:
1488:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1454:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1439:compressibility
1421:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1376:specific weight
1358:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1322:
1318:
1303:
1299:
1290:
1286:
1277:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1230:specific weight
1212:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1089:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1060:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1027:
1023:
1013:
1006:
1002:
998:
996:
988:
984:
979:
966:
958:
956:
946:
939:
935:
931:
929:
921:
917:
912:
899:
892:
888:
884:
882:
874:
870:
865:
856:
852:
850:
847:
846:
805:
802:
801:
782:
778:
773:
770:
769:
750:
746:
744:
741:
740:
721:
717:
711:
707:
702:
699:
698:
671:
664:
660:
656:
654:
646:
642:
637:
628:
624:
618:
614:
609:
606:
605:
563:
559:
551:
548:
547:
527:
523:
507:
503:
501:
498:
497:
480:
476:
474:
471:
470:
453:
449:
447:
444:
443:
440:
414:
410:
402:
399:
398:
387:
365:
362:
361:
343:
340:
339:
317:
313:
311:
308:
307:
288:
284:
282:
279:
278:
256:
253:
252:
233:
229:
227:
224:
223:
202:
198:
186:
182:
169:
159:
152:
148:
144:
142:
134:
131:
130:
105:
100:
67:
63:
61:
58:
57:
52:. According to
49:
41:
34:storativity (S)
12:
11:
5:
4128:
4118:
4117:
4112:
4110:Soil mechanics
4107:
4102:
4097:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4076:
4075:
4074:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4008:
4006:
4004:Related fields
4000:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3965:
3963:
3955:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3947:
3938:
3937:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3924:Classification
3921:
3916:
3905:
3904:
3903:
3898:
3896:Seismic hazard
3893:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3862:
3860:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3824:
3822:
3815:
3809:
3808:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3801:
3796:
3790:
3788:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3778:
3773:
3772:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3610:
3608:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3557:
3555:
3548:
3538:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3525:
3523:Shear strength
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3498:Friction angle
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3459:
3457:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3413:
3411:
3404:
3398:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3379:Oedometer test
3376:
3371:
3369:Sieve analysis
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3329:
3321:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3303:
3302:
3296:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3282:
3281:
3270:
3269:
3258:
3257:
3255:Total sounding
3246:
3245:
3234:
3233:
3222:
3221:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3197:
3181:
3180:
3169:
3168:
3157:
3156:
3145:
3144:
3133:
3132:
3121:
3120:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3106:
3101:
3087:
3086:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3058:
3057:
3046:
3045:
3034:
3033:
3022:
3021:
3010:
3009:
3007:
2996:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2969:
2968:
2961:
2954:
2946:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2906:hydraulic head
2902:
2899:
2898:
2886:
2885:
2878:
2871:
2863:
2856:
2855:
2831:
2810:(2): 637–655.
2790:
2768:
2718:
2671:
2644:(5): 701–708.
2624:
2612:
2575:(3): 397–404.
2555:
2519:
2473:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2454:
2451:
2444:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2424:
2422:Soil mechanics
2419:
2412:
2409:
2386:
2382:
2370:
2369:
2355:
2351:
2340:
2326:
2323:
2319:
2304:
2303:
2288:
2284:
2278:
2275:
2271:
2265:
2260:
2256:
2233:Specific yield
2228:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2214:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2200:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2186:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2172:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2141:Other deposits
2137:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2067:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1906:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1887:
1884:
1874:
1873:Specific yield
1871:
1854:
1851:
1842:
1839:
1823:hydraulic head
1818:
1815:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1789:(developed by
1787:soil mechanics
1782:
1770:
1748:
1744:
1721:
1717:
1694:
1690:
1678:
1677:
1659:
1655:
1640:
1639:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1608:
1605:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1584:
1581:
1576:
1572:
1561:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1499:
1496:
1491:
1487:
1472:
1471:
1457:
1453:
1442:
1424:
1420:
1409:
1393:
1383:
1361:
1357:
1342:
1341:
1330:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1276:
1238:
1237:
1215:
1211:
1200:
1197:hydraulic head
1184:
1181:
1171:
1170:•m or ) ;
1151:
1148:
1138:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1106:
1092:
1088:
1077:
1063:
1059:
1044:
1043:
1030:
1026:
1019:
1016:
1009:
1005:
1001:
991:
987:
983:
978:
972:
969:
964:
961:
952:
949:
942:
938:
934:
924:
920:
916:
911:
905:
902:
895:
891:
887:
877:
873:
869:
864:
859:
855:
829:
828:
825:hydraulic head
812:
809:
799:
785:
781:
777:
767:
753:
749:
738:
724:
720:
714:
710:
706:
692:
691:
677:
674:
667:
663:
659:
649:
645:
641:
636:
631:
627:
621:
617:
613:
581:
580:
566:
562:
558:
555:
530:
526:
518:
515:
510:
506:
483:
479:
456:
452:
439:
436:
435:
434:
422:
417:
413:
409:
406:
386:
383:
382:
381:
380:is the area ()
369:
359:
347:
337:
335:specific yield
320:
316:
305:
291:
287:
276:
273:hydraulic head
260:
250:
236:
232:
220:
219:
205:
201:
197:
194:
189:
185:
181:
176:
173:
165:
162:
155:
151:
147:
141:
138:
120:hydraulic head
104:
101:
99:
96:
70:
66:
47:
39:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4127:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4032:Geomorphology
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4005:
4001:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3962:
3956:
3946:
3942:
3939:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3876:Consolidation
3874:
3872:
3871:Frost heaving
3869:
3867:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3855:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3810:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3783:
3777:
3774:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3750:
3749:Geosynthetics
3747:
3745:
3744:Crushed stone
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3699:Cut-and-cover
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3552:
3549:
3546:
3539:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3468:Water content
3466:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3322:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3271:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3259:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3247:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3235:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3223:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3170:
3167:
3166:Sample series
3163:
3159:
3158:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3146:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3134:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3110:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3059:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3047:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3035:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3023:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3011:
3008:
3005:
3000:
2997:
2991:
2990:Investigation
2987:
2983:
2978:
2974:
2967:
2962:
2960:
2955:
2953:
2948:
2947:
2944:
2932:
2931:water content
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2884:
2879:
2877:
2872:
2870:
2865:
2864:
2861:
2851:
2846:
2842:
2835:
2827:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2794:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2772:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2725:
2723:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2675:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2628:
2619:
2617:
2608:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2559:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2523:
2514:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2477:
2471:
2466:
2462:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2449:
2445:
2442:
2438:
2437:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2384:
2380:
2353:
2349:
2341:
2324:
2321:
2317:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2286:
2282:
2276:
2273:
2269:
2263:
2258:
2254:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2035:Coarse gravel
2034:
2033:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2021:Medium gravel
2020:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1993:Gravelly sand
1992:
1991:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1881:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1850:
1848:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1827:extensometers
1824:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1794:
1792:
1791:Karl Terzaghi
1788:
1768:
1746:
1742:
1719:
1715:
1692:
1688:
1675:
1657:
1653:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1606:
1603:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1582:
1579:
1574:
1570:
1562:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1497:
1494:
1489:
1485:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1455:
1451:
1443:
1440:
1422:
1418:
1410:
1407:
1391:
1384:
1381:
1377:
1359:
1355:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1274:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1235:
1231:
1213:
1209:
1201:
1198:
1182:
1179:
1172:
1169:
1165:
1149:
1146:
1139:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1107:
1090:
1086:
1078:
1061:
1057:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1028:
1024:
1017:
1014:
1007:
1003:
999:
989:
985:
981:
976:
970:
967:
962:
959:
950:
947:
940:
936:
932:
922:
918:
914:
909:
903:
900:
893:
889:
885:
875:
871:
867:
862:
857:
853:
845:
844:
843:
841:
837:
833:
826:
810:
807:
800:
783:
779:
775:
768:
751:
747:
739:
722:
712:
708:
697:
696:
695:
675:
672:
665:
661:
657:
647:
643:
639:
634:
629:
619:
615:
604:
603:
602:
600:
596:
592:
590:
586:
564:
560:
556:
553:
546:
545:
544:
528:
524:
516:
513:
508:
504:
481:
477:
454:
450:
420:
415:
411:
407:
404:
397:
396:
395:
393:
367:
360:
345:
338:
336:
318:
314:
306:
289:
285:
277:
274:
258:
251:
234:
230:
222:
221:
203:
199:
195:
192:
187:
183:
179:
174:
171:
163:
160:
153:
149:
145:
139:
136:
129:
128:
127:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
95:
93:
89:
88:aquifer tests
84:
68:
64:
55:
51:
43:
35:
31:
27:
23:
19:
4115:Soil physics
4052:Biogeography
4047:Hydrogeology
4037:Soil science
4017:Geochemistry
3776:Infiltration
3704:Cut and fill
3647:Soil nailing
3517:
3513:Permeability
3478:Bulk density
3195:Inclinometer
3118:Ram sounding
3003:
2921:permeability
2915:
2895:hydrogeology
2840:
2834:
2807:
2803:
2793:
2771:
2738:
2734:
2691:(1): 19–30.
2688:
2684:
2674:
2641:
2637:
2627:
2572:
2568:
2558:
2536:(1): 19–30.
2533:
2529:
2522:
2487:
2483:
2476:
2465:
2447:
2440:
2417:Aquifer test
2371:
2305:
2232:
2231:
2140:
2049:
1902:
1856:
1844:
1820:
1807:Aquifer-test
1805:
1679:
1641:
1473:
1343:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1242:hydrogeology
1239:
1045:
835:
831:
830:
693:
594:
593:
584:
582:
441:
388:
111:
107:
106:
85:
53:
21:
18:hydrogeology
15:
4062:Archaeology
3786:Foundations
3759:Geomembrane
3642:Slurry wall
3581:Water table
3545:Interaction
3541:Structures
3528:Sensitivity
3325:Laboratory
2916:storativity
2741:(2): 1031.
2638:Groundwater
2513:10045/63773
2441:Groundwater
2007:Fine gravel
1979:Coarse sand
1965:Medium sand
392:homogeneous
108:Storativity
98:Storativity
54:Groundwater
30:groundwater
28:to release
4089:Categories
3919:Mitigation
3901:Shear wave
3886:Earthquake
3881:Compaction
3866:Permafrost
3857:Phenomena/
3754:Geotextile
3679:Embankment
3669:Excavation
3606:Earthworks
3566:Vegetation
3561:Topography
3483:Thixotropy
3473:Void ratio
3456:Properties
3354:Hydrometer
3099:Piezometer
3019:Core drill
2598:2142/94351
2434:References
1378:of water (
1232:of water (
438:Unconfined
103:Definition
4095:Hydrology
4042:Hydrology
4022:Petrology
3910:analysis
3908:Landslide
3813:Mechanics
3724:Track bed
3709:Fill dirt
3694:Terracing
3267:Trial pit
3082:Statnamic
3067:Load test
2889:Physical
2826:1435-0157
2763:0043-1397
2713:0013-7952
2666:0017-467X
2607:0002-8606
2147:Dune sand
2112:Siltstone
2084:Limestone
1951:Fine sand
1883:Material
1835:levelling
1743:σ
1676:(N/m or )
1654:σ
1583:−
1571:β
1523:σ
1498:−
1486:β
1452:β
1419:β
1356:γ
1320:β
1316:⋅
1301:β
1288:γ
1210:γ
1025:γ
517:≪
4100:Aquifers
4072:Agrology
3961:software
3859:problems
3689:Causeway
3664:Landfill
3591:Subgrade
3508:Porosity
3503:Cohesion
2926:porosity
2458:Specific
2411:See also
1406:porosity
1236:•m or ).
1164:pressure
385:Confined
4012:Geology
3984:SVSlope
3794:Shallow
3714:Grading
3652:Tieback
3596:Subsoil
3586:Bedrock
3576:Topsoil
3571:Terrain
3364:R-value
3327:testing
3077:Dynamic
3004:in situ
3002:Field (
2891:aquifer
2743:Bibcode
2693:Bibcode
2646:Bibcode
2577:Bibcode
2538:Bibcode
2492:Bibcode
2241:aquifer
2226:
2212:
2198:
2184:
2170:
2156:
2135:
2121:
2107:
2093:
2079:
2065:
1811:aquifer
1672:is the
1437:is the
1404:is the
1382:•m or )
1374:is the
1228:is the
840:aquifer
599:aquifer
589:aquifer
333:is the
271:is the
114:is the
110:or the
26:aquifer
3994:Plaxis
3989:UTEXAS
3979:SVFlux
3969:SEEP2D
3821:Forces
3674:Trench
3622:Gabion
3432:Gravel
3072:Static
2824:
2761:
2711:
2664:
2605:
2306:where
2220:
2206:
2192:
2178:
2164:
2150:
2129:
2115:
2101:
2098:Schist
2087:
2073:
2059:
1642:where
1344:where
1199:() and
1046:where
694:where
521:
116:volume
4105:Water
3974:STABL
3447:Loess
3410:Types
2161:Loess
1831:InSAR
3799:Deep
3442:Loam
3437:Peat
3427:Sand
3422:Silt
3417:Clay
3402:Soil
3104:Well
2822:ISSN
2759:ISSN
2709:ISSN
2662:ISSN
2603:ISSN
2175:Peat
2126:Tuff
1937:Silt
1909:Clay
1897:max
834:(or
583:The
124:area
44:and
3684:Cut
2993:and
2845:doi
2812:doi
2781:doi
2751:doi
2701:doi
2689:111
2654:doi
2593:hdl
2585:doi
2546:doi
2534:111
2508:hdl
2500:doi
2488:547
2044:26
2030:26
2016:35
2002:35
1988:35
1974:32
1960:28
1946:19
1932:12
1894:avg
1891:min
1833:or
1793:).
1707:or
1240:In
827:().
543:).
4091::
3943:*
2820:.
2808:28
2806:.
2802:.
2757:.
2749:.
2739:39
2737:.
2733:.
2721:^
2707:.
2699:.
2687:.
2683:.
2660:.
2652:.
2642:30
2640:.
2636:.
2615:^
2601:.
2591:.
2583:.
2573:33
2571:.
2567:.
2544:.
2532:.
2506:.
2498:.
2486:.
2223:16
2209:16
2181:44
2167:18
2153:38
2132:21
2118:12
2104:26
2090:14
2076:27
2062:21
2041:22
2038:12
2027:23
2024:13
2013:25
2010:21
1999:25
1996:20
1985:27
1982:20
1971:26
1968:15
1957:21
1954:10
1918:5
1869:.
1837:.
1829:,
1260:.
1244:,
394::
275:()
94:.
36:,
20:,
3547:)
3543:(
3006:)
2965:e
2958:t
2951:v
2882:e
2875:t
2868:v
2847::
2828:.
2814::
2787:.
2783::
2765:.
2753::
2745::
2715:.
2703::
2695::
2668:.
2656::
2648::
2609:.
2595::
2587::
2579::
2552:.
2548::
2540::
2516:.
2510::
2502::
2494::
2385:s
2381:S
2354:T
2350:V
2325:d
2322:w
2318:V
2287:T
2283:V
2277:d
2274:w
2270:V
2264:=
2259:y
2255:S
2195:6
1943:8
1940:3
1929:7
1926:3
1915:2
1912:0
1783:s
1769:p
1747:e
1720:w
1716:V
1693:t
1689:V
1658:e
1623:w
1619:V
1615:1
1607:p
1604:d
1597:w
1593:V
1589:d
1580:=
1575:w
1545:t
1541:V
1537:1
1527:e
1519:d
1512:t
1508:V
1504:d
1495:=
1490:p
1456:w
1423:p
1392:n
1380:N
1360:w
1329:)
1324:w
1313:n
1310:+
1305:p
1297:(
1292:w
1284:=
1279:s
1275:S
1234:N
1214:w
1183:h
1180:d
1168:N
1166:(
1150:p
1147:d
1123:w
1119:V
1115:d
1091:a
1087:V
1062:s
1058:S
1029:w
1018:p
1015:d
1008:w
1004:V
1000:d
990:a
986:V
982:1
977:=
971:h
968:d
963:p
960:d
951:p
948:d
941:w
937:V
933:d
923:a
919:V
915:1
910:=
904:h
901:d
894:w
890:V
886:d
876:a
872:V
868:1
863:=
858:s
854:S
811:h
808:d
784:w
780:m
776:d
752:a
748:m
723:m
719:)
713:s
709:S
705:(
676:h
673:d
666:w
662:m
658:d
648:a
644:m
640:1
635:=
630:m
626:)
620:s
616:S
612:(
565:y
561:S
557:=
554:S
529:y
525:S
514:b
509:s
505:S
482:s
478:S
455:y
451:S
421:b
416:s
412:S
408:=
405:S
368:A
346:b
319:y
315:S
290:s
286:S
259:h
235:w
231:V
204:y
200:S
196:+
193:b
188:s
184:S
180:=
175:A
172:1
164:h
161:d
154:w
150:V
146:d
140:=
137:S
69:s
65:S
50:)
48:y
42:)
40:s
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