22:
129:
is often called special legislation when it targets a named person, but the term can also be applied to legislation that singles out an association or corporation. Although a prototypical special law applies only to a single particular person or entity, legislation is often considered special when it
193:
have the ability to introduce "back-to-work legislation", which is a special law that blocks the strike action or lockout from happening or continuing. It can also impose binding arbitration or a new contract on the disputing parties. Such legislation was enacted during the 2011 Canada Post strike
158:
Special laws are often criticized because they reflect the corruption of the legislative process, a lack of deliberation on the part of legislatures and because they lead to unjustifiably unequal treatment and allow the legislative branch to encroach on the powers of the executive and judicial
162:
Most states have constitutional restrictions on some types of special laws. Most state constitutions prohibit special legislation related to certain enumerated subject matters, including prohibiting special laws granting divorces, changing names, and altering court rules. Most other state
149:
Legislatures still enact special laws that grant special burdens or provide special benefits to individuals; however, the most well-known type of special law, the bill of attainder, has largely disappeared. One recent group of state special laws grants special privileges to
163:
constitutions provide that the legislature may not pass special laws when a general law can be made applicable. A few states allow special legislation, but only of the legislature follows certain special procedures, like providing notice and a chance to object.
145:
to punish individuals suspected, but neither charged nor convicted, of a crime. Special legislation was also used during that period to grant benefits to identifiable individuals, including monopoly rights and exemptions from generally applicable laws.
174:
has not recognized a constitutional prohibition on special legislation. Nevertheless, some scholars have argued that the text and historical background of the
Constitution suggests that the Constitution should prohibit some types of special laws.
154:
by permitting them to sell electric cars directly to consumers under circumstances that are prohibited to other consumers. Other modern special laws apply to a particular city or county. These laws are often called local laws.
159:
branches. However, they are sometimes defended on the ground that they can address problems created by generally applicable laws or cure local problems that call for a local solution.
194:
and the 2012 CP Rail strike, thus effectively ending these strikes as legal actions. On the provincial level, similar acts can be passed for other purposes; the
125:
to refer to legislation that targets an individual or a small, identifiable group for treatment that does not apply to all the members of a given class. A
354:
86:
58:
65:
39:
171:
281:
Daniel Crane, Tesla, Dealer
Franchise Laws, and the Politics of Crony Capitalism, 101 IOWA L. REV. 573, 584–85 (2016)
142:
105:
72:
54:
43:
133:
Special legislation can be used to place burdens on or grant benefits to identifiable individuals. During the
195:
167:
179:
79:
32:
327:
270:
231:
134:
8:
190:
138:
212:
339:
T. Erskine May, The Law, Privileges, Proceedings and Usages of
Parliament (1946)
348:
186:
122:
260:
Zechariah Chafee Jr. Three Human Rights in the
Constitution of 1787 (1956).
151:
198:
enacted Act 78 in 2012 in order to quell a series of student protests.
232:
Legislative Design and the
Controllable Costs of Special Legislation.
207:
21:
141:, the most well-known type of special legislation, were enacted by
126:
251:
People v. Canister, 110 P.3d 380, 381–82 (Colo. 2005).
178:
Special legislation is closely related to what in the
130:
applies to a small group of people or other entities.
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
346:
290:Gallardo v. Arizona, 336 P.3d 717 (Ariz. 2014).
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
308:West Virginia Const. Art. VI, Section 39
347:
355:Local government in the United States
242:ALA. CONST. of 1901, art. IV, § 110.
182:are called special or private acts.
44:adding citations to reliable sources
15:
121:is a legal term of art used in the
13:
14:
366:
191:federal or provincial governments
20:
333:
328:Reviving Legislative Generality
320:
317:Ind. Const. Art. IV, Section 22
311:
271:Reviving Legislative Generality
31:needs additional citations for
330:, 98 Marq. L. Rev. 625 (2014).
302:
293:
284:
275:
263:
254:
245:
236:
224:
1:
218:
7:
201:
196:National Assembly of Quebec
10:
371:
168:United States Constitution
55:"Special legislation"
135:Confederation Period
40:improve this article
119:Special legislation
143:state legislatures
139:bills of attainder
213:Bill of attainder
116:
115:
108:
90:
362:
340:
337:
331:
326:Evan C. Zoldan,
324:
318:
315:
309:
306:
300:
299:Evan C. Zoldan,
297:
291:
288:
282:
279:
273:
269:Evan C. Zoldan,
267:
261:
258:
252:
249:
243:
240:
234:
230:Evan C. Zoldan,
228:
111:
104:
100:
97:
91:
89:
48:
24:
16:
370:
369:
365:
364:
363:
361:
360:
359:
345:
344:
343:
338:
334:
325:
321:
316:
312:
307:
303:
298:
294:
289:
285:
280:
276:
268:
264:
259:
255:
250:
246:
241:
237:
229:
225:
221:
204:
112:
101:
95:
92:
49:
47:
37:
25:
12:
11:
5:
368:
358:
357:
342:
341:
332:
319:
310:
301:
292:
283:
274:
262:
253:
244:
235:
222:
220:
217:
216:
215:
210:
203:
200:
180:United Kingdom
114:
113:
28:
26:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
367:
356:
353:
352:
350:
336:
329:
323:
314:
305:
296:
287:
278:
272:
266:
257:
248:
239:
233:
227:
223:
214:
211:
209:
206:
205:
199:
197:
192:
188:
183:
181:
176:
173:
172:Supreme Court
170:, the modern
169:
164:
160:
156:
153:
147:
144:
140:
136:
131:
128:
124:
123:United States
120:
110:
107:
99:
96:November 2017
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57: –
56:
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
41:
35:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
335:
322:
313:
304:
295:
286:
277:
265:
256:
247:
238:
226:
184:
177:
165:
161:
157:
148:
132:
118:
117:
102:
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
219:References
166:Under the
66:newspapers
208:Home rule
349:Category
202:See also
127:statute
80:scholar
189:, the
187:Canada
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
152:Tesla
87:JSTOR
73:books
59:news
185:In
42:by
351::
137:,
109:)
103:(
98:)
94:(
84:·
77:·
70:·
63:·
36:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
