527:
4285:
3988:
873:
5025:
509:
3952:
6228:
6158:
5507:
58:
694:, where they proved so critical to the U.S.-led coalition, that it is sometimes referred to as the first space war. The first discussions of creating a military space service in the United States occurred in 1958, with the idea being floated by President Reagan as well in 1982. The 2001 Space Commission argued for the creation of a Space Corps between 2007 and 2011 and a bipartisan proposal in the U.S. Congress would have created a Space Corps in 2017. Then on 20 December 2019, the United States Space Force Act, part of the
5170:
3976:
4704:
5744:
6371:
6359:
6347:
5775:
5577:
4297:
4178:
3838:
4082:
860:
4309:
4190:
3850:
7092:
6454:
6442:
6394:
6201:
5926:
5914:
5293:
4795:
4783:
4771:
4759:
4747:
4728:
4716:
4106:
4094:
5450:
5002:
4670:
6406:
6247:
5158:
5134:
5122:
6122:
6098:
5364:
5193:
4966:
5890:
4154:
4118:
4000:
6025:
5902:
5305:
5269:
4909:
4844:
4214:
5989:
5763:
5317:
5281:
5246:
4897:
4634:
6189:
4856:
4166:
4058:
6110:
6086:
6001:
5866:
5799:
5787:
5732:
5376:
5352:
5329:
4658:
4603:
6170:
5488:
5431:
5938:
5854:
5720:
5708:
5696:
5682:
5670:
4832:
4024:
5469:
4646:
4615:
386:
4274:
3964:
5842:
4238:
4130:
4036:
4012:
3826:
886:
5412:
5400:
5388:
6063:
4868:
4262:
6134:
5950:
5823:
5811:
4978:
4250:
4142:
4070:
3814:
5878:
6430:
6418:
6051:
6039:
6013:
5234:
5205:
5110:
5098:
5079:
7424:
588:, had aspirations to use them as space launch vehicles. In both the United States and the Soviet Union, military space development began immediately after the Second World War concluded, with Wernher von Braun defecting to the Allies and both superpowers gathering V-2 rockets, research materials, and German scientists to jumpstart their own ballistic missile and space programs.
4820:
729:
Central
Directorate of Space Assets. The Strategic Rocket Forces Central Directorate of Space Assets would be renamed the Main Directorate of Space Assets in 1970, being transferred to directly report to the Soviet Ministry of Defense in 1982, and in 1986 became the Chief Directorate of Space Assets.
755:
3647:
3653:
760:. In 1997, the Rocket and Space Defence Troops and Military Space Forces were merged into the Strategic Missile Forces; it subordinated the priorities of the space troops to the missile forces, resulting in the establishment of the
2847:
6319:
3785:
3570:
1297:
1347:
5034:
5635:
2222:
3790:
Various conventions, treaties, agreements, memorandums, charters or declarations establishing and governing intergovernmental organisations or inter-agency bodies dealing with space affairs
3125:
5964:
5552:
2205:
2131:
1798:
2823:
5114:
4732:
3025:
3020:
2413:
639:
when it was created in 1958, leaving it as the only major military space organization within the U.S. Department of
Defense. In 1954, General Bernard Schriever established the
2892:
5606:
1742:
6363:
3490:
6324:
3575:
6866:
2887:
4353:
2280:
5906:
5724:
2121:
1319:
1337:
4624:
788:
6329:
6309:
5547:
5321:
3700:
3689:
3580:
3560:
2200:
948:
695:
603:
over which service would gain responsibility for the military space program, with the Air Force, which had started developing its space program while it was the
4547:
2653:
2159:
1818:
6990:
5974:
4579:
4452:
3595:
737:
When the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, the
Russian Federation gained its space forces, with the Chief Directorate of Space Assets was reorganized into the
2249:
7302:
5959:
3992:
2947:
792:
6179:
5674:
5640:
5497:
5039:
4459:
2239:
2217:
2080:
2707:
6709:
5404:
4048:
3052:
2813:
2364:
2107:
1423:
483:
6304:
5069:
4638:
3555:
3495:
1468:
526:
3418:
2957:
2026:
1361:
988:
5748:
5586:
5459:
5197:
4877:
4662:
2450:
2440:
1752:
1708:
1380:
6472:
6375:
6267:
5686:
5591:
3743:
3518:
3473:
3057:
2307:
2091:
1713:
749:). The Soviet Air Defense Forces' Anti-Ballistic Missile and Anti-Space Defense Forces were reorganized into the Russian Air Defense Forces'
698:, was signed, creating an independent space service by renaming and reorganizing Air Force Space Command into the United States Space Force.
414:
2742:
2546:
2509:
7248:
7065:
5126:
5088:
4918:
2643:
2626:
2398:
1764:
2566:
6678:
6518:
6314:
6017:
5273:
5148:
5064:
4947:
3934:
3605:
3565:
3445:
3289:
2779:
2601:
1956:
903:
877:
848:
796:
508:
367:
6434:
6339:
5162:
5044:
4584:
4540:
4204:
3748:
3600:
3590:
3072:
2937:
2354:
1677:
1463:
1261:
6272:
5333:
4887:
4824:
4751:
4650:
3753:
3677:
3523:
3463:
3042:
3005:
1239:
2075:
1703:
795:
Space
Systems Department in 2015. The PLASSF itself would eventually dissolve, with the space force element of the SSF becoming the
666:
for satellite communications, space launch, and space development systems. In 1982, U.S. Air Force space forces were centralized in
5918:
4289:
4199:
3842:
2877:
1600:
623:
projects, rather than seeking to actively develop an operational space capability. Ultimately, the Air Force's space rivals in the
6960:
5767:
2181:
1669:
780:, which reestablished the Russian Space Forces as one of its three sub-branches, although it is no longer an independent entity.
451:, established in 1992 as an independent military service. However, it lost its independence twice, first being absorbed into the
3334:
3312:
820:
and the newest major command of the Air Force, which would be renamed to reflect an "evolution of its mission" into the area of
6646:
6422:
5543:
5478:
4913:
4479:
3062:
2852:
2828:
2430:
2196:
1808:
1443:
6289:
6282:
5712:
5440:
4882:
4533:
4474:
3768:
3695:
3683:
3540:
3533:
3440:
3284:
3162:
2774:
2126:
1951:
1803:
1416:
1016:
372:
721:, the world's first artificial satellite on 4 October 1957. In 1960, Soviet military space forces were reorganized into the
6410:
6102:
5753:
5368:
4848:
4469:
1691:
644:
7448:
5029:
4674:
4358:
3328:
2673:
806:
714:
683:
1646:
6928:
6897:
6758:
5569:
5392:
5309:
5209:
5143:
5006:
4223:
4043:
2927:
2472:
2270:
2191:
2031:
1875:
908:
559:
7458:
6783:
5979:
5511:
5049:
4763:
4556:
4422:
4110:
3854:
3483:
3388:
3077:
3067:
3037:
2917:
2683:
2389:
1840:
1813:
1640:
1120:
1061:
679:
632:
407:
362:
1607:
6846:
6148:
6143:
5616:
5601:
5515:
4987:
4484:
4266:
3307:
3268:
2759:
2342:
1769:
1730:
1409:
769:
687:
467:
2897:
1112:
The
Kremlin's Nuclear Sword: The Rise and Fall of Russia's Strategic Nuclear ... - Steven J. Zaloga - Google Books
6511:
5700:
5611:
3864:
3733:
2833:
2069:
1758:
750:
647:, becoming the U.S. military's first space organization, which continues to exist in the U.S. Space Force as the
6876:
6299:
5224:
5138:
4799:
4464:
4427:
3775:
3550:
3047:
3000:
2942:
2922:
2857:
2581:
2097:
2055:
1651:
709:. Unlike in the United States, where the U.S. Air Force held preeminence in missile and space development, the
1093:
1048:
1003:
6808:
6398:
6193:
6067:
5969:
5645:
5421:
5380:
4218:
2325:
2244:
717:(RVGK), was responsible for missile and military space programs, with the RVGK responsible for the launch of
624:
604:
1240:"Russian and Chinese Responses to U.S. Military Plans in Space | American Academy of Arts and Sciences"
7169:
6881:
6831:
6768:
4301:
4074:
3728:
3168:
2842:
2793:
2717:
2663:
2376:
2227:
640:
577:
400:
31:
17:
6055:
7043:
6886:
6778:
6773:
6719:
6294:
6277:
6043:
4787:
4313:
4146:
4098:
4086:
3780:
3758:
3545:
3528:
3413:
3273:
2764:
2535:
2466:
2186:
1552:
967:
836:
784:
554:
475:
126:
91:
1211:
Russian Public TV (ORT), Moscow, in
Russian 1700 gmt March 28, 2001, via BBC Summary of World Broadcasts
7453:
7386:
7091:
6738:
6704:
6639:
6504:
5827:
4901:
4494:
4363:
4016:
3956:
3723:
3641:
2021:
1927:
1747:
1718:
1535:
1488:
825:
479:
334:
1381:"El Ejército del Aire cambia de nombre tras 83 años y pasa a llamarse Ejército del Aire y del Espacio"
7048:
6699:
6683:
5596:
4836:
4775:
4437:
4194:
4004:
3435:
2972:
1725:
1503:
1493:
1191:
864:
731:
674:, and continued to provide satellite communications, weather, and navigation support during the 1982
670:, the first direct predecessor to the U.S. Space Force. U.S. space forces were first employed in the
663:
655:
628:
620:
518:
114:
6748:
6714:
6251:
5930:
4737:
4390:
3980:
3830:
3763:
3430:
3403:
3030:
2932:
2788:
2692:
1582:
1453:
777:
471:
460:
289:
121:
101:
7381:
7161:
6952:
6937:
6232:
5894:
5846:
5297:
4504:
4489:
3925:
3818:
3798:
3659:
3623:
3383:
3279:
3010:
2769:
2359:
2297:
2136:
1901:
1735:
1432:
923:
918:
913:
726:
667:
452:
324:
86:
4284:
3706:
2753:
7473:
7373:
6921:
6851:
5942:
5870:
5659:
5285:
4872:
4432:
4333:
3408:
3393:
3378:
2967:
2732:
2727:
2658:
2232:
2112:
2063:
1786:
1633:
1542:
573:
306:
293:
96:
76:
69:
7033:
6980:
6965:
6871:
6826:
6632:
6553:
6005:
5858:
5803:
5736:
5581:
4860:
4708:
4619:
4607:
4514:
4348:
4343:
3738:
3119:
2987:
2867:
2862:
2798:
2668:
2586:
2275:
2011:
1697:
1594:
1588:
1572:
1480:
765:
659:
648:
608:
1221:
7463:
7038:
6841:
6836:
6793:
6655:
6478:
6446:
6174:
6114:
6029:
5882:
5832:
5492:
5416:
5238:
4992:
4254:
4242:
4158:
4134:
3906:
3513:
3423:
3398:
3100:
2484:
2425:
2331:
2102:
1915:
1896:
1888:
1475:
1145:
890:
817:
761:
738:
710:
592:
533:
487:
448:
344:
146:
41:
6624:
8:
7355:
7196:
6970:
6743:
5954:
5628:
5473:
5435:
5219:
5174:
5102:
4370:
3968:
3896:
3886:
3859:
2902:
2722:
2499:
2477:
2408:
2265:
2141:
2001:
1934:
1881:
1781:
1517:
832:
810:
802:
339:
329:
228:
490:. Countries with nascent military space capabilities usually organize them within their
7468:
7428:
7368:
7307:
7191:
7113:
6788:
6162:
5779:
5454:
5214:
4385:
4278:
4122:
3718:
3665:
3629:
3191:
2907:
2556:
2041:
390:
185:
151:
141:
7395:
7294:
7243:
7218:
7174:
7156:
7100:
7028:
6914:
6856:
6798:
6763:
6527:
4170:
4062:
3876:
3174:
2370:
2176:
2036:
1964:
1562:
1116:
1067:
1057:
1022:
1012:
982:
773:
730:
Established in 1967, the Anti-Ballistic
Missile and Anti-Space Defense Forces of the
612:
585:
563:
514:
456:
219:
131:
772:, which merged Russia's space and air defense forces into one service. In 2015, the
7334:
7285:
7138:
7018:
6985:
6753:
5054:
4509:
4499:
4028:
3881:
3635:
3221:
3203:
3156:
2611:
2455:
1850:
1623:
1613:
1557:
581:
541:
253:
202:
57:
7181:
7400:
7360:
7350:
7322:
7265:
7201:
7070:
6803:
6603:
6583:
6578:
6538:
6205:
4380:
4182:
3913:
3901:
3712:
3215:
3143:
2977:
2519:
2489:
2348:
2313:
1970:
1683:
1110:
853:
The following list outlines the independent space forces currently in operation:
813:
432:
301:
156:
1167:
7275:
7238:
7002:
6975:
6613:
5993:
5655:
4525:
4414:
4296:
4177:
3837:
3806:
3148:
3015:
2616:
2529:
2524:
2460:
2285:
1832:
1530:
706:
596:
296:
1005:
The
Development of Ballistic Missiles in the United States Air Force 1945-1960
7442:
7312:
7270:
7260:
7133:
7128:
7108:
6818:
6662:
4400:
4325:
4308:
4230:
4189:
3871:
3849:
2982:
2912:
1996:
1987:
1792:
1071:
859:
805:
created the Joint Space
Command, a joint organism under the authority of the
675:
444:
243:
238:
233:
161:
136:
1283:
1026:
764:
as independent troops in 2001. In 2011, the
Russian Space Forces became the
7405:
7329:
7255:
7213:
7186:
7118:
7060:
6997:
6598:
6558:
6334:
4447:
4442:
4375:
4338:
3585:
2678:
2336:
1458:
1448:
1338:"French President Emmanuel Macron announces creation of French space force"
949:"As Trump pushes for separate space force, Russia moves fast the other way"
835:
announced in June 2022, that the Spanish Air Force would be renamed as the
436:
272:
7023:
1401:
824:. The Space Command is effective since 2019 and the Air Force was renamed
7206:
7123:
7075:
6568:
6563:
6484:
6458:
5564:
4105:
4093:
4081:
3891:
3671:
3197:
2803:
2697:
2494:
2319:
2171:
1976:
1823:
1050:
Beyond Horizons: A Half Century of Air Force Leadership - Revised Edition
821:
723:
3rd Department of the Main Missile Directorate of the Ministry of Defence
671:
654:
During the 1960s and 1970s, Air Force space forces were organized within
440:
197:
49:
1168:"Self-defense in space: protecting Russian spacecraft from ASAT attacks"
7317:
7223:
4395:
2223:
European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites
1906:
1525:
1498:
549:
284:
248:
174:
81:
7228:
6729:
6543:
6138:
6126:
6090:
5791:
5356:
4982:
4970:
3951:
3615:
3478:
3339:
3253:
2576:
2164:
1547:
1342:
745:) under the Russian Ministry of Defense, but not a military service (
718:
616:
600:
568:
491:
279:
192:
6496:
2206:
European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations
1284:"China's evolving space capabilities: Implications for US interests"
965:
466:
Countries with smaller or developing space forces may combine their
4153:
4117:
3999:
3347:
2132:
European Network of Civil Aviation Safety Investigation Authorities
1921:
1845:
1657:
1099:. Air Force Space Command in association with Air University Press.
1011:. Washington, D.C.: Office of Air Force History. pp. 107–108.
691:
545:
486:, or put them in an independent defense agency, such as the Indian
828:
on 24 July 2020, with its new logo unveiled on 11 September 2020.
6588:
6573:
5621:
5250:
4213:
4023:
3352:
2420:
1855:
1774:
734:
were responsible for space surveillance and defense operations.
562:. The A4, more commonly known as the V-2, was the world's first
7053:
6906:
4237:
4165:
4129:
4057:
4011:
3975:
3963:
3825:
2591:
2016:
893:(2015–present) (independent from 1992 to 1997 and 2001 to 2011)
885:
690:. The first major employment of space forces culminated in the
1146:"History : Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation"
968:"V2: The Nazi rocket that launched the space age - BBC Future"
6861:
6351:
6237:
4261:
4249:
4141:
4069:
3987:
3813:
3468:
3209:
2308:
Creation of the British National Committee for Space Research
2006:
1743:
European Centre for Space Applications and Telecommunications
872:
776:
and Russian Aerospace Defense Forces were merged to form the
702:
619:. The Navy also developed rockets as well, but primarily for
1320:"PLA SSF scrapped, it's now the PLA ISF: What does it mean?"
701:
In the Soviet Union, the early space program was led by the
6654:
6593:
6548:
5815:
5557:
5083:
4720:
4273:
4035:
3576:
International Space Station Multilateral Coordination Board
2210:
722:
636:
1192:"История : Министерство обороны Российской Федерации"
1056:. Washington, D.C.: Air University Press. pp. 33–34.
607:
in 1945, seeing space operations as an extension of their
3238:
2122:
Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications
1286:. The U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission.
816:
announced that the Joint Space Command would become the
3690:
International Space Station Intergovernmental Agreement
3581:
International Telecommunications Satellite Organization
2201:
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
2160:
AeroSpace and Defence Industries Association of Europe
1362:"France: Goodbye Air Force, hello Air and Space Force"
455:
from 1997–2001 and 2001–2011, then it merged with the
4453:
Students for the Exploration and Development of Space
3596:
Regional African Satellite Communication Organization
1262:"Russian Military Merges Air Force and Space Command"
2250:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
715:
Artillery of the Reserve of the Supreme High Command
966:Richard Hollingham8th September 2014 (2014-09-08).
725:, before in 1964 becoming a part of the new Soviet
658:for missile defense and space surveillance forces,
4460:Arthur C. Clarke Institute for Modern Technologies
3571:International Space Exploration Coordination Group
2240:European Telecommunications Satellite Organization
2218:European Organisation for Civil Aviation Equipment
1140:
1138:
3701:International Charter 'Space and Major Disasters'
3561:International Charter 'Space and Major Disasters'
484:Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Aerospace Force
7440:
4555:
3556:Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee
793:People's Liberation Army Strategic Support Force
3684:International Cospas-Sarsat Programme Agreement
2211:European Telecommunications Standards Institute
2085:European GNSS Supervisory Authority (2004–2010)
1135:
463:in 2015, where it now exists as a sub-branch.
2968:Re-establishment of the National Space Council
1753:Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility
1709:European Cooperation for Space Standardization
1282:Stokes, Mark A.; Cheng, Dean (26 April 2012).
1186:
1184:
791:, before being reorganized and renamed as the
6922:
6640:
6512:
6473:Timeline of first orbital launches by country
4541:
3519:Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems
3491:Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space
2326:Creation of the British National Space Centre
1714:European Space Research and Technology Centre
1624:
1614:
1417:
408:
1765:European Space Security and Education Centre
470:under a single military branch, such as the
56:
3606:Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization
3566:International Mobile Satellite Organization
3446:Politics of the International Space Station
2081:EU Commission DG Defence Industry and Space
1431:
1281:
1181:
987:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
904:List of space forces, units, and formations
849:List of space forces, units, and formations
696:National Defense Authorization Act for 2020
662:for weather reconnaissance satellites, and
6929:
6915:
6647:
6633:
6519:
6505:
4548:
4534:
3601:Arab Satellite Communications Organization
3591:Orbital Debris Co-ordination Working Group
2938:Development of the Commercial Crew Program
2355:Strategic Defence and Security Review 2015
1678:European Launcher Development Organisation
1424:
1410:
787:began creating its space forces under the
544:, the boundary between air and space, was
415:
401:
3678:Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space
3524:Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
3464:International Civil Aviation Organization
3006:International Traffic in Arms Regulations
2903:Launch of the Space Launch System program
2898:Cancellation of the Constellation program
1165:
943:
941:
939:
591:In the United States, there was a fierce
540:The first artificial object to cross the
3058:Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society
1115:. Smithsonian Institution. 27 May 2014.
878:People's Liberation Army Aerospace Force
797:People's Liberation Army Aerospace Force
447:. The world's first space force was the
3707:Cape Town Treaty, Space Assets protocol
2829:2002 National missile defense directive
2182:Council of European Aerospace Societies
2064:Western European Union Satellite Centre
1378:
1001:
651:, its research and development center.
14:
7441:
6991:Psychological and sociological effects
4480:International Astronautical Federation
3261:
2789:Launch of the Mars Exploration Program
2197:European Committee for Standardization
1809:Future Launchers Preparatory Programme
1259:
1091:
1046:
995:
936:
6910:
6628:
6526:
6500:
4529:
4475:International Academy of Astronautics
3696:International Docking System Standard
3541:International Cospas-Sarsat Programme
3534:International Planetary Data Alliance
3441:International Space Station programme
3163:Fractional Orbital Bombardment System
3073:Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society
2365:UK Global Navigation Satellite System
2127:European Union Aviation Safety Agency
1804:Space Situational Awareness Programme
1405:
1317:
1040:
439:that conducts military operations in
4470:Coalition for Deep Space Exploration
2485:Cancellation of Man in Space Soonest
1692:European Space Research Organisation
645:Air Research and Development Command
611:mission, while the Army argued that
572:to launch long-range attacks on the
3329:United Rocket and Space Corporation
2983:Launch of the Lunar Gateway project
2863:Launch of the Constellation program
2587:Launch of the Space Shuttle Program
24:
6898:Ranks and insignia of space forces
4423:Air & Space Forces Association
3063:Antennas & Propagation Society
2271:Indian Human Spaceflight Programme
2192:European Civil Aviation Conference
909:Ranks and insignia of space forces
25:
7485:
3496:General Assembly Fourth Committee
3484:Space Generation Advisory Council
2918:Mars Exploration Joint Initiative
2092:EU Agency for the Space Programme
1841:Mars Exploration Joint Initiative
1814:Intermediate eXperimental Vehicle
1641:Chinese Lunar Exploration Program
1583:Two Bombs, One Satellite doctrine
680:United States invasion of Grenada
633:Advanced Research Projects Agency
27:Military branch for space warfare
7422:
7090:
6936:
6452:
6440:
6428:
6416:
6404:
6392:
6369:
6357:
6345:
6245:
6226:
6199:
6187:
6168:
6156:
6132:
6120:
6108:
6096:
6084:
6061:
6049:
6037:
6023:
6011:
5999:
5987:
5948:
5936:
5924:
5912:
5900:
5888:
5876:
5864:
5852:
5840:
5821:
5809:
5797:
5785:
5773:
5761:
5742:
5730:
5718:
5706:
5694:
5680:
5668:
5575:
5505:
5486:
5467:
5448:
5429:
5410:
5398:
5386:
5374:
5362:
5350:
5327:
5315:
5303:
5291:
5279:
5267:
5244:
5232:
5203:
5191:
5168:
5156:
5132:
5120:
5108:
5096:
5077:
5023:
5000:
4976:
4964:
4907:
4895:
4866:
4854:
4842:
4830:
4818:
4793:
4781:
4769:
4757:
4745:
4726:
4714:
4702:
4668:
4656:
4644:
4632:
4613:
4601:
4485:International Astronomical Union
4307:
4295:
4283:
4272:
4260:
4248:
4236:
4212:
4188:
4176:
4164:
4152:
4140:
4128:
4116:
4104:
4092:
4080:
4068:
4056:
4034:
4022:
4010:
3998:
3986:
3974:
3962:
3950:
3848:
3836:
3824:
3812:
3308:Medvedev modernisation programme
3011:Full-spectrum dominance doctrine
2679:1985 anti-satellite missile test
2343:Space Innovation and Growth Team
2088:European GNSS Agency (2010–2021)
1770:European Space Operations Centre
1731:ESA Centre for Earth Observation
1350:from the original on 2023-06-01.
884:
871:
858:
770:Russian Aerospace Defense Forces
688:United States invasion of Panama
525:
507:
384:
6732:with space units and formations
3734:Astronomical naming conventions
2659:Strategy of Technology doctrine
2431:Establishment of Cape Canaveral
2349:Creation of the UK Space Agency
1799:European Space Policy Institute
1759:European Space Astronomy Centre
1372:
1354:
1330:
1318:Desai, Suyash (21 April 2024).
1311:
1290:
1275:
1253:
1232:
1214:
1205:
842:
751:Rocket and Space Defence Troops
560:Peenemünde Army Research Center
4465:British Interplanetary Society
4428:Alliance for Space Development
3551:Global Standards Collaboration
3474:Office for Outer Space Affairs
3001:China exclusion policy of NASA
2669:Space Station Freedom proposal
2582:Extra-Terrestrial Exposure Law
1652:Planetary Exploration of China
1476:Planetary protection principle
1260:Bodner, Matthew (2015-08-03).
1166:Hendrickx, Bart (2018-07-16).
1159:
1103:
1085:
959:
684:United States bombing of Libya
13:
1:
3648:US-USSR Cooperation Agreement
2978:Launch of the Artemis program
2908:Redesign of the Orion program
2824:Aerospace Industry Commission
2520:Launch of the Mariner program
2245:European Southern Observatory
1945:Horizon 2000 Plus (1995–2015)
1379:Cedeira, Brais (2022-06-27).
929:
625:Army Ballistic Missile Agency
4557:Public-sector space agencies
3729:Extraterrestrial real estate
3269:Gore–Chernomyrdin Commission
3169:Soviet crewed lunar programs
3078:Vehicular Technology Society
3068:Broadcast Technology Society
2843:Vision for Space Exploration
2760:Gore–Chernomyrdin Commission
2718:Space Exploration Initiative
2664:Strategic Defense Initiative
2617:Launch of the Viking program
2530:Launch of the Apollo program
2525:Launch of the Gemini project
2377:Defence in a Competitive Age
2314:Start of the Ariel programme
2228:European Patent Organisation
1222:"Russian Space Forces (VKS)"
789:General Armaments Department
641:Western Development Division
32:Space Force (disambiguation)
7:
3546:Group on Earth Observations
3529:Committee on Space Research
2973:Creation of the Space Force
2893:Kennedy Space Center speech
2536:We choose to go to the Moon
2467:Introduction to Outer Space
2187:European Broadcasting Union
897:
837:Spanish Air and Space Force
476:Spanish Air and Space Force
357:List of space organizations
10:
7490:
7449:Space units and formations
4495:Space Exploration Alliance
3724:Common heritage of mankind
3642:Space Liability Convention
3414:North Korean space program
3340:2015 Creation of Roscosmos
2804:Launch of the X-37 program
2654:Citizens' Advisory Council
1748:European Data Relay System
1719:Concurrent Design Facility
1464:Space Debris Working Group
846:
807:Chief of the Defence Staff
584:. The designer of the A4,
497:
480:French Air and Space Force
29:
7418:
7343:
7293:
7284:
7149:
7099:
7088:
7011:
6951:
6944:
6895:
6817:
6728:
6692:
6669:
6534:
6467:
6384:
6260:
6218:
6076:
5654:
5536:
5529:
5342:
5259:
5183:
5015:
4956:
4940:
4933:
4808:
4694:
4687:
4593:
4570:
4563:
4438:Space Frontier Foundation
4413:
4324:
3933:
3924:
3865:Launch market competition
3797:
3614:
3504:
3456:
3436:Ugandan space initiatives
3371:
3321:
3300:
3252:
3231:
3184:
3136:
3112:
3099:
3092:
2996:
2956:
2876:
2812:
2741:
2706:
2642:
2625:
2600:
2565:
2545:
2508:
2490:Launch of Project Mercury
2439:
2397:
2388:
2296:
2258:
2150:
2054:
1986:
1944:
1868:
1787:Ariane launcher programme
1726:European Astronaut Centre
1684:Europa launcher programme
1668:
1625:
1615:
1571:
1516:
1504:The Spaceguard Foundation
1439:
1047:Spires, David N. (1998).
865:United States Space Force
741:, an independent troops (
732:Soviet Air Defense Forces
664:Air Force Systems Command
656:Aerospace Defense Command
629:Naval Research Laboratory
621:Naval Research Laboratory
558:on 20 June 1944 from the
519:United States Space Force
7459:Types of military forces
4391:Reconnaissance satellite
3764:International Designator
3431:Philippine space program
3379:Australian space program
3031:Office of Space Commerce
3021:House Committee on Space
2933:Space Shuttle retirement
2888:2009 Augustine Committee
2723:1990 Augustine Committee
1869:Horizon 2000 (1985–1995)
1454:Space traffic management
785:People's Liberation Army
778:Russian Aerospace Forces
472:Russian Aerospace Forces
461:Russian Aerospace Forces
4505:Space Force Association
4490:Lunar Explorers Society
3660:Registration Convention
3624:Partial Test Ban Treaty
3505:Other intergovernmental
3419:Pakistani space program
3384:Brazilian space program
2754:Faster, better, cheaper
2557:1967 Outer Space Treaty
2360:Space Industry Act 2018
2137:European Defence Agency
1793:Vega launcher programme
1736:Living Planet Programme
1459:Space debris management
1433:Politics of outer space
1298:"Welcome - Defense One"
1002:Neufeld, Jacob (1990).
924:Space Force Association
919:Politics of outer space
914:Militarisation of space
727:Strategic Rocket Forces
713:, and specifically the
668:Air Force Space Command
552:launched by the German
503:Emblems of space forces
453:Strategic Rocket Forces
87:Timeline of spaceflight
7429:Outer space portal
4433:National Space Society
4334:Space domain awareness
3507:or inter-agency bodies
3409:Lebanese space program
3394:Japanese space program
3335:2014 Military doctrine
3313:2010 Military doctrine
2733:National Space Council
2728:Hubble Space Telescope
2500:Launch of X-15 program
2421:Aerobee rocket program
2371:2021 Integrated Review
2233:European Patent Office
2153:initiatives and bodies
1543:Billionaire space race
1469:Space Debris Committee
1226:www.globalsecurity.org
1092:Spires, David (1998).
705:design bureau, led by
391:Spaceflight portal
307:Non-rocket spacelaunch
77:History of spaceflight
61:
7061:Extraterrestrial life
4515:The Planetary Society
4344:Anti-satellite weapon
3739:ITU Radio Regulations
3389:Emirati space program
3120:Operation Osoaviakhim
2988:Executive Order 13959
2868:Operation Burnt Frost
2799:Decadal Planning Team
2281:Indian ASAT programme
2276:Space Activities Bill
1698:European Space Agency
1670:ESA Science Programme
1481:Post-detection policy
783:In 1998, the Chinese
766:Russian Space Command
739:Military Space Forces
660:Strategic Air Command
649:Space Systems Command
615:were an extension of
60:
6479:Soviet space program
3937:units and formations
3907:Project Harvest Moon
3654:Satellite Convention
3514:African Space Agency
3424:Space programme 2040
3404:Kenyan space program
3399:Kazakh space program
2332:Outer Space Act 1986
2320:Black Arrow launcher
2103:Copernicus programme
2076:EU/ESA Space Council
1704:EU/ESA Space Council
1595:Chinese ASAT program
1368:. 12 September 2020.
1300:. Cdn.defenseone.com
1264:. Themoscowtimes.com
891:Russian Space Forces
762:Russian Space Forces
711:Soviet Ground Forces
593:interservice rivalry
534:Russian Space Forces
488:Defence Space Agency
468:air and space forces
449:Russian Space Forces
30:For other uses, see
6693:Air and Space force
5629:Guiana Space Centre
4371:Kinetic bombardment
3897:Space manufacturing
3887:Space-based economy
3860:Private spaceflight
3280:Shuttle–Mir program
2848:Aldridge Commission
2770:Shuttle–Mir program
2478:Space Act Agreement
2409:Operation Paperclip
2266:Department of Space
2259:Indian space policy
2142:Europe by Satellite
2070:EU Satellite Centre
1782:Guiana Space Centre
1526:Cold War space race
1444:Spacefaring nations
826:Air and Space Force
803:French Armed Forces
229:Apollo Lunar Module
7344:Other technologies
4386:Military satellite
4224:Ranks and insignia
3719:Space jurisdiction
3666:Bogota Declaration
3630:Outer Space Treaty
3126:list of scientists
2414:list of scientists
2056:EU Space Programme
1324:The Economic Times
1194:. Structure.mil.ru
1170:. The Space Review
833:Spanish Government
613:ballistic missiles
609:strategic airpower
186:Robotic spacecraft
62:
7454:Military branches
7436:
7435:
7414:
7413:
7323:Carbonated drinks
7295:Human spaceflight
7175:of items in space
7086:
7085:
6904:
6903:
6622:
6621:
6528:Military branches
6494:
6493:
6214:
6213:
5525:
5524:
4929:
4928:
4811:and the Caribbean
4683:
4682:
4523:
4522:
4409:
4408:
4401:Satellite jamming
3877:Space advertising
3367:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3248:
3247:
3088:
3087:
2708:George H. W. Bush
2177:Council of Europe
2098:Galileo programme
2050:
2049:
2037:Comet Interceptor
1563:Space competition
1094:"Beyond Horizons"
1018:978-0-912799-62-9
774:Russian Air Force
635:were absorbed by
586:Wernher von Braun
564:ballistic missile
457:Russian Air Force
425:
424:
319:Spaceflight types
263:
262:
220:Crewed spacecraft
212:
211:
127:Earth observation
16:(Redirected from
7481:
7427:
7426:
7425:
7291:
7290:
7094:
6949:
6948:
6931:
6924:
6917:
6908:
6907:
6649:
6642:
6635:
6626:
6625:
6521:
6514:
6507:
6498:
6497:
6477:Preceded by the
6457:
6456:
6455:
6445:
6444:
6443:
6433:
6432:
6431:
6421:
6420:
6419:
6409:
6408:
6407:
6397:
6396:
6395:
6374:
6373:
6372:
6362:
6361:
6360:
6350:
6349:
6348:
6250:
6249:
6248:
6231:
6230:
6229:
6204:
6203:
6202:
6192:
6191:
6190:
6173:
6172:
6171:
6161:
6160:
6159:
6137:
6136:
6135:
6125:
6124:
6123:
6113:
6112:
6111:
6101:
6100:
6099:
6089:
6088:
6087:
6066:
6065:
6064:
6054:
6053:
6052:
6042:
6041:
6040:
6028:
6027:
6026:
6016:
6015:
6014:
6004:
6003:
6002:
5992:
5991:
5990:
5953:
5952:
5951:
5941:
5940:
5939:
5929:
5928:
5927:
5917:
5916:
5915:
5905:
5904:
5903:
5893:
5892:
5891:
5881:
5880:
5879:
5869:
5868:
5867:
5857:
5856:
5855:
5845:
5844:
5843:
5826:
5825:
5824:
5814:
5813:
5812:
5802:
5801:
5800:
5790:
5789:
5788:
5778:
5777:
5776:
5766:
5765:
5764:
5747:
5746:
5745:
5735:
5734:
5733:
5723:
5722:
5721:
5711:
5710:
5709:
5699:
5698:
5697:
5685:
5684:
5683:
5673:
5672:
5671:
5580:
5579:
5578:
5534:
5533:
5510:
5509:
5508:
5491:
5490:
5489:
5472:
5471:
5470:
5453:
5452:
5451:
5434:
5433:
5432:
5415:
5414:
5413:
5403:
5402:
5401:
5391:
5390:
5389:
5379:
5378:
5377:
5367:
5366:
5365:
5355:
5354:
5353:
5332:
5331:
5330:
5320:
5319:
5318:
5308:
5307:
5306:
5296:
5295:
5294:
5284:
5283:
5282:
5272:
5271:
5270:
5249:
5248:
5247:
5237:
5236:
5235:
5208:
5207:
5206:
5196:
5195:
5194:
5173:
5172:
5171:
5161:
5160:
5159:
5137:
5136:
5135:
5125:
5124:
5123:
5113:
5112:
5111:
5101:
5100:
5099:
5082:
5081:
5080:
5028:
5027:
5026:
5005:
5004:
5003:
4981:
4980:
4979:
4969:
4968:
4967:
4938:
4937:
4912:
4911:
4910:
4900:
4899:
4898:
4871:
4870:
4869:
4859:
4858:
4857:
4847:
4846:
4845:
4835:
4834:
4833:
4823:
4822:
4821:
4798:
4797:
4796:
4786:
4785:
4784:
4774:
4773:
4772:
4762:
4761:
4760:
4750:
4749:
4748:
4731:
4730:
4729:
4719:
4718:
4717:
4707:
4706:
4705:
4692:
4691:
4673:
4672:
4671:
4661:
4660:
4659:
4649:
4648:
4647:
4637:
4636:
4635:
4618:
4617:
4616:
4606:
4605:
4604:
4568:
4567:
4550:
4543:
4536:
4527:
4526:
4510:Space Foundation
4500:Space Fellowship
4312:
4311:
4300:
4299:
4287:
4277:
4276:
4265:
4264:
4253:
4252:
4241:
4240:
4217:
4216:
4193:
4192:
4181:
4180:
4169:
4168:
4157:
4156:
4145:
4144:
4133:
4132:
4121:
4120:
4109:
4108:
4097:
4096:
4085:
4084:
4073:
4072:
4061:
4060:
4039:
4038:
4027:
4026:
4015:
4014:
4003:
4002:
3991:
3990:
3979:
3978:
3967:
3966:
3955:
3954:
3931:
3930:
3882:Space technology
3853:
3852:
3841:
3840:
3829:
3828:
3817:
3816:
3759:COSPAR standards
3636:Rescue Agreement
3259:
3258:
3110:
3109:
3097:
3096:
2456:Project Vanguard
2395:
2394:
1866:
1865:
1851:Aurora programme
1837:Mars and beyond
1628:
1627:
1618:
1617:
1589:Shuguang program
1558:Space propaganda
1485:Asteroid impact
1426:
1419:
1412:
1403:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1392:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1269:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1247:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1218:
1212:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1188:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1142:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1055:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1010:
999:
993:
992:
986:
978:
976:
975:
963:
957:
956:
945:
889:
888:
876:
875:
863:
862:
811:French President
759:
582:Second World War
532:Insignia of the
529:
511:
417:
410:
403:
389:
388:
387:
214:
213:
203:Cargo spacecraft
180:
179:
37:
36:
21:
7489:
7488:
7484:
7483:
7482:
7480:
7479:
7478:
7439:
7438:
7437:
7432:
7423:
7421:
7410:
7339:
7280:
7145:
7095:
7082:
7007:
6940:
6935:
6905:
6900:
6891:
6813:
6724:
6688:
6665:
6653:
6623:
6618:
6604:Security forces
6584:Military police
6579:Missile defence
6539:Airborne forces
6530:
6525:
6495:
6490:
6463:
6453:
6451:
6441:
6439:
6429:
6427:
6417:
6415:
6405:
6403:
6393:
6391:
6380:
6370:
6368:
6358:
6356:
6346:
6344:
6256:
6246:
6244:
6227:
6225:
6210:
6200:
6198:
6188:
6186:
6169:
6167:
6157:
6155:
6133:
6131:
6121:
6119:
6109:
6107:
6097:
6095:
6085:
6083:
6072:
6062:
6060:
6050:
6048:
6038:
6036:
6024:
6022:
6012:
6010:
6000:
5998:
5988:
5986:
5949:
5947:
5937:
5935:
5925:
5923:
5913:
5911:
5901:
5899:
5889:
5887:
5877:
5875:
5865:
5863:
5853:
5851:
5841:
5839:
5822:
5820:
5810:
5808:
5798:
5796:
5786:
5784:
5774:
5772:
5762:
5760:
5743:
5741:
5731:
5729:
5719:
5717:
5707:
5705:
5695:
5693:
5681:
5679:
5669:
5667:
5650:
5576:
5574:
5521:
5506:
5504:
5487:
5485:
5468:
5466:
5449:
5447:
5430:
5428:
5411:
5409:
5399:
5397:
5387:
5385:
5375:
5373:
5363:
5361:
5351:
5349:
5338:
5328:
5326:
5316:
5314:
5304:
5302:
5292:
5290:
5280:
5278:
5268:
5266:
5255:
5245:
5243:
5233:
5231:
5204:
5202:
5192:
5190:
5179:
5169:
5167:
5157:
5155:
5133:
5131:
5121:
5119:
5109:
5107:
5097:
5095:
5078:
5076:
5024:
5022:
5011:
5001:
4999:
4977:
4975:
4965:
4963:
4952:
4925:
4908:
4906:
4896:
4894:
4867:
4865:
4855:
4853:
4843:
4841:
4831:
4829:
4819:
4817:
4810:
4804:
4794:
4792:
4782:
4780:
4770:
4768:
4758:
4756:
4746:
4744:
4727:
4725:
4715:
4713:
4703:
4701:
4679:
4669:
4667:
4657:
4655:
4645:
4643:
4633:
4631:
4614:
4612:
4602:
4600:
4589:
4572:
4559:
4554:
4524:
4519:
4405:
4381:Missile defense
4320:
4306:
4294:
4271:
4259:
4247:
4235:
4211:
4187:
4175:
4163:
4151:
4139:
4127:
4115:
4103:
4091:
4079:
4067:
4055:
4033:
4021:
4009:
3997:
3985:
3973:
3961:
3949:
3936:
3920:
3914:Asteroid mining
3902:Lunar resources
3847:
3835:
3823:
3811:
3793:
3786:ISECG standards
3749:ODCWG standards
3744:CCSDS standards
3713:Artemis Accords
3610:
3506:
3500:
3452:
3359:
3317:
3296:
3244:
3227:
3180:
3175:Voskhod program
3144:Sputnik program
3132:
3104:
3102:
3093:USSR and Russia
3084:
2992:
2959:
2952:
2879:
2872:
2815:
2808:
2744:
2737:
2709:
2702:
2645:
2638:
2628:
2621:
2603:
2596:
2568:
2561:
2548:
2541:
2511:
2504:
2442:
2435:
2400:
2390:US space policy
2384:
2300:space programme
2299:
2292:
2254:
2152:
2146:
2113:EUSST programme
2108:EGNOS programme
2046:
1982:
1971:LISA Pathfinder
1940:
1882:Cassini–Huygens
1864:
1775:ESTRACK network
1664:
1647:Mars and beyond
1574:
1567:
1512:
1435:
1430:
1400:
1399:
1390:
1388:
1377:
1373:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1316:
1312:
1303:
1301:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1280:
1276:
1267:
1265:
1258:
1254:
1245:
1243:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1210:
1206:
1197:
1195:
1190:
1189:
1182:
1173:
1171:
1164:
1160:
1151:
1149:
1144:
1143:
1136:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1096:
1090:
1086:
1076:
1074:
1064:
1053:
1045:
1041:
1031:
1029:
1019:
1008:
1000:
996:
980:
979:
973:
971:
964:
960:
955:. 21 June 2018.
947:
946:
937:
932:
900:
883:
870:
857:
851:
845:
814:Emmanuel Macron
809:. In 2019, the
753:
605:Army Air Forces
536:
530:
521:
512:
500:
433:military branch
421:
385:
383:
378:
377:
358:
350:
349:
320:
312:
311:
302:Escape velocity
297:launch vehicles
275:
265:
264:
259:
258:
222:
208:
207:
188:
177:
167:
166:
117:
107:
106:
72:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7487:
7477:
7476:
7471:
7466:
7461:
7456:
7451:
7434:
7433:
7419:
7416:
7415:
7412:
7411:
7409:
7408:
7403:
7398:
7393:
7392:
7391:
7390:
7389:
7387:for spacecraft
7384:
7376:
7371:
7363:
7358:
7353:
7347:
7345:
7341:
7340:
7338:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7326:
7325:
7315:
7310:
7305:
7299:
7297:
7288:
7282:
7281:
7279:
7278:
7273:
7268:
7263:
7258:
7253:
7252:
7251:
7241:
7236:
7231:
7226:
7221:
7216:
7211:
7210:
7209:
7204:
7194:
7189:
7184:
7179:
7178:
7177:
7172:
7164:
7159:
7153:
7151:
7147:
7146:
7144:
7143:
7142:
7141:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7105:
7103:
7097:
7096:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7083:
7081:
7080:
7079:
7078:
7068:
7066:Microorganisms
7063:
7058:
7057:
7056:
7051:
7046:
7041:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7015:
7013:
7009:
7008:
7006:
7005:
7000:
6995:
6994:
6993:
6983:
6978:
6973:
6968:
6963:
6961:The human body
6957:
6955:
6946:
6942:
6941:
6934:
6933:
6926:
6919:
6911:
6902:
6901:
6896:
6893:
6892:
6890:
6889:
6884:
6882:United Kingdom
6879:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6854:
6849:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6823:
6821:
6819:Space commands
6815:
6814:
6812:
6811:
6806:
6804:United Kingdom
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6735:
6733:
6726:
6725:
6723:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6696:
6694:
6690:
6689:
6687:
6686:
6681:
6675:
6673:
6667:
6666:
6663:space commands
6652:
6651:
6644:
6637:
6629:
6620:
6619:
6617:
6616:
6614:Special forces
6611:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6586:
6581:
6576:
6571:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6535:
6532:
6531:
6524:
6523:
6516:
6509:
6501:
6492:
6491:
6489:
6488:
6481:
6475:
6468:
6465:
6464:
6462:
6461:
6449:
6437:
6425:
6413:
6401:
6388:
6386:
6382:
6381:
6379:
6378:
6366:
6354:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6286:
6285:
6275:
6270:
6264:
6262:
6258:
6257:
6255:
6254:
6242:
6241:
6240:
6222:
6220:
6216:
6215:
6212:
6211:
6209:
6208:
6196:
6184:
6183:
6182:
6165:
6153:
6152:
6151:
6146:
6129:
6117:
6105:
6093:
6080:
6078:
6074:
6073:
6071:
6070:
6058:
6046:
6034:
6033:
6032:
6008:
5996:
5984:
5983:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5945:
5933:
5921:
5909:
5897:
5885:
5873:
5861:
5849:
5837:
5836:
5835:
5818:
5806:
5794:
5782:
5770:
5758:
5757:
5756:
5739:
5727:
5715:
5703:
5691:
5690:
5689:
5664:
5662:
5652:
5651:
5649:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5632:
5631:
5626:
5625:
5624:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5561:
5560:
5550:
5540:
5538:
5531:
5527:
5526:
5523:
5522:
5520:
5519:
5502:
5501:
5500:
5483:
5482:
5481:
5464:
5463:
5462:
5445:
5444:
5443:
5426:
5425:
5424:
5407:
5395:
5383:
5371:
5359:
5346:
5344:
5340:
5339:
5337:
5336:
5324:
5312:
5300:
5288:
5276:
5263:
5261:
5260:Southeast Asia
5257:
5256:
5254:
5253:
5241:
5229:
5228:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5200:
5187:
5185:
5181:
5180:
5178:
5177:
5165:
5153:
5152:
5151:
5146:
5129:
5117:
5105:
5093:
5092:
5091:
5074:
5073:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5061:
5060:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5037:
5019:
5017:
5013:
5012:
5010:
5009:
4997:
4996:
4995:
4990:
4973:
4960:
4958:
4954:
4953:
4951:
4950:
4944:
4942:
4935:
4931:
4930:
4927:
4926:
4924:
4923:
4922:
4921:
4904:
4892:
4891:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4863:
4851:
4839:
4827:
4814:
4812:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4802:
4790:
4778:
4766:
4754:
4742:
4741:
4740:
4723:
4711:
4698:
4696:
4689:
4685:
4684:
4681:
4680:
4678:
4677:
4665:
4653:
4641:
4629:
4628:
4627:
4610:
4597:
4595:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4587:
4582:
4576:
4574:
4565:
4561:
4560:
4553:
4552:
4545:
4538:
4530:
4521:
4520:
4518:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4456:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4425:
4419:
4417:
4415:Space advocacy
4411:
4410:
4407:
4406:
4404:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4367:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4341:
4336:
4330:
4328:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4318:
4317:
4316:
4304:
4302:United Kingdom
4292:
4281:
4269:
4257:
4245:
4231:Space commands
4228:
4227:
4226:
4221:
4209:
4208:
4207:
4202:
4185:
4183:United Kingdom
4173:
4161:
4149:
4137:
4125:
4113:
4101:
4089:
4077:
4065:
4053:
4052:
4051:
4046:
4031:
4019:
4007:
3995:
3983:
3971:
3959:
3941:
3939:
3928:
3926:Militarisation
3922:
3921:
3919:
3918:
3917:
3916:
3911:
3910:
3909:
3899:
3894:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3868:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3845:
3843:United Kingdom
3833:
3821:
3807:Space industry
3803:
3801:
3799:Commercial use
3795:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3772:
3771:
3769:IPDA standards
3766:
3756:
3754:CEOS standards
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3710:
3704:
3698:
3693:
3687:
3681:
3675:
3669:
3663:
3657:
3651:
3645:
3639:
3633:
3627:
3620:
3618:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3537:
3536:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3510:
3508:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3471:
3466:
3460:
3458:
3457:United Nations
3454:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3375:
3373:
3372:Other policies
3369:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3355:
3350:
3348:MARS-500 study
3342:
3337:
3332:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3304:
3302:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3271:
3265:
3263:
3256:
3250:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3242:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3219:
3213:
3207:
3204:Salyut program
3201:
3195:
3188:
3186:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3172:
3166:
3160:
3157:Vostok program
3154:
3153:
3152:
3149:Sputnik crisis
3140:
3138:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3116:
3114:
3107:
3094:
3090:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3034:
3033:
3023:
3018:
3016:Budget of NASA
3013:
3008:
3003:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2964:
2962:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2948:2015 Space Act
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2884:
2882:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2834:Space Shuttle
2831:
2826:
2820:
2818:
2814:George W. Bush
2810:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2794:1998 Space Act
2791:
2786:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2782:
2772:
2762:
2757:
2749:
2747:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2714:
2712:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2684:Space Shuttle
2681:
2676:
2674:1984 Space Act
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2650:
2648:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2614:
2608:
2606:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2573:
2571:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2553:
2551:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2516:
2514:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2481:
2480:
2470:
2463:
2461:Sputnik crisis
2458:
2453:
2447:
2445:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2417:
2416:
2405:
2403:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2380:
2368:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2346:
2340:
2334:
2329:
2323:
2317:
2311:
2304:
2302:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2289:
2288:
2286:Mission Shakti
2278:
2273:
2268:
2262:
2260:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2203:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2156:
2154:
2151:Other European
2148:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2089:
2086:
2078:
2073:
2067:
2060:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1993:
1991:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1973:
1968:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1948:
1946:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1931:
1924:
1919:
1912:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1878:
1872:
1870:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1846:MARS-500 study
1843:
1835:
1833:ESA Television
1830:
1829:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1816:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1790:
1784:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1767:
1762:
1756:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1728:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1711:
1706:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1674:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1658:MARS-500 study
1655:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1631:
1621:
1605:
1604:
1603:
1592:
1586:
1579:
1577:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1533:
1531:Sputnik crisis
1522:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1496:
1491:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1466:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1429:
1428:
1421:
1414:
1406:
1398:
1397:
1371:
1353:
1329:
1310:
1289:
1274:
1252:
1231:
1213:
1204:
1180:
1158:
1134:
1121:
1102:
1084:
1062:
1039:
1017:
994:
958:
934:
933:
931:
928:
927:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
899:
896:
895:
894:
881:
880:(2024–present)
868:
867:(2019–present)
847:Main article:
844:
841:
768:, part of the
707:Sergei Korolev
597:U.S. Air Force
566:, used by the
538:
537:
531:
524:
522:
515:Delta insignia
513:
506:
504:
499:
496:
435:of a nation's
423:
422:
420:
419:
412:
405:
397:
394:
393:
380:
379:
376:
375:
370:
365:
363:Space agencies
359:
356:
355:
352:
351:
348:
347:
342:
337:
335:Interplanetary
332:
327:
321:
318:
317:
314:
313:
310:
309:
304:
299:
287:
282:
276:
271:
270:
267:
266:
261:
260:
257:
256:
251:
246:
244:Space stations
241:
236:
234:Space capsules
231:
226:
223:
218:
217:
210:
209:
206:
205:
200:
195:
189:
184:
183:
178:
173:
172:
169:
168:
165:
164:
159:
154:
149:
144:
139:
134:
129:
124:
122:Communications
118:
113:
112:
109:
108:
105:
104:
99:
97:Lunar missions
94:
89:
84:
79:
73:
68:
67:
64:
63:
53:
52:
46:
45:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7486:
7475:
7474:Space warfare
7472:
7470:
7467:
7465:
7462:
7460:
7457:
7455:
7452:
7450:
7447:
7446:
7444:
7431:
7430:
7417:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7394:
7388:
7385:
7383:
7380:
7379:
7377:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7367:
7366:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7356:Manufacturing
7354:
7352:
7349:
7348:
7346:
7342:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7324:
7321:
7320:
7319:
7316:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7300:
7298:
7296:
7292:
7289:
7287:
7283:
7277:
7274:
7272:
7269:
7267:
7264:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7254:
7250:
7247:
7246:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7212:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7199:
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7183:
7180:
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7173:
7171:
7168:
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7165:
7163:
7160:
7158:
7155:
7154:
7152:
7148:
7140:
7137:
7136:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7129:Magnetosphere
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7106:
7104:
7102:
7098:
7093:
7077:
7074:
7073:
7072:
7069:
7067:
7064:
7062:
7059:
7055:
7052:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7040:
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7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7021:
7020:
7017:
7016:
7014:
7010:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6992:
6989:
6988:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6958:
6956:
6954:
6950:
6947:
6943:
6939:
6932:
6927:
6925:
6920:
6918:
6913:
6912:
6909:
6899:
6894:
6888:
6887:United States
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6850:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6824:
6822:
6820:
6816:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
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6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6736:
6734:
6731:
6727:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6697:
6695:
6691:
6685:
6684:United States
6682:
6680:
6677:
6676:
6674:
6672:
6668:
6664:
6660:
6657:
6650:
6645:
6643:
6638:
6636:
6631:
6630:
6627:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6536:
6533:
6529:
6522:
6517:
6515:
6510:
6508:
6503:
6502:
6499:
6487:participation
6486:
6482:
6480:
6476:
6474:
6470:
6469:
6466:
6460:
6450:
6448:
6438:
6436:
6426:
6424:
6414:
6412:
6402:
6400:
6390:
6389:
6387:
6383:
6377:
6367:
6365:
6355:
6353:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6290:Cospas-Sarsat
6288:
6284:
6281:
6280:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6265:
6263:
6259:
6253:
6243:
6239:
6236:
6235:
6234:
6224:
6223:
6221:
6217:
6207:
6197:
6195:
6185:
6181:
6178:
6177:
6176:
6166:
6164:
6154:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6141:
6140:
6130:
6128:
6118:
6116:
6106:
6104:
6094:
6092:
6082:
6081:
6079:
6075:
6069:
6059:
6057:
6047:
6045:
6035:
6031:
6021:
6020:
6019:
6009:
6007:
5997:
5995:
5985:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5957:
5956:
5946:
5944:
5934:
5932:
5922:
5920:
5910:
5908:
5898:
5896:
5886:
5884:
5874:
5872:
5862:
5860:
5850:
5848:
5838:
5834:
5831:
5830:
5829:
5819:
5817:
5807:
5805:
5795:
5793:
5783:
5781:
5771:
5769:
5759:
5755:
5752:
5751:
5750:
5740:
5738:
5728:
5726:
5716:
5714:
5704:
5702:
5692:
5688:
5678:
5677:
5676:
5666:
5665:
5663:
5661:
5657:
5653:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5630:
5627:
5623:
5620:
5619:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5584:
5583:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5559:
5556:
5555:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5545:
5542:
5541:
5539:
5535:
5532:
5528:
5517:
5513:
5503:
5499:
5496:
5495:
5494:
5484:
5480:
5477:
5476:
5475:
5465:
5461:
5458:
5457:
5456:
5446:
5442:
5439:
5438:
5437:
5427:
5423:
5420:
5419:
5418:
5408:
5406:
5396:
5394:
5384:
5382:
5372:
5370:
5360:
5358:
5348:
5347:
5345:
5341:
5335:
5325:
5323:
5313:
5311:
5301:
5299:
5289:
5287:
5277:
5275:
5265:
5264:
5262:
5258:
5252:
5242:
5240:
5230:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5212:
5211:
5201:
5199:
5189:
5188:
5186:
5182:
5176:
5166:
5164:
5154:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5141:
5140:
5130:
5128:
5118:
5116:
5106:
5104:
5094:
5090:
5087:
5086:
5085:
5075:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
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5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5042:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5032:
5031:
5021:
5020:
5018:
5014:
5008:
4998:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4985:
4984:
4974:
4972:
4962:
4961:
4959:
4955:
4949:
4946:
4945:
4943:
4939:
4936:
4932:
4920:
4917:
4916:
4915:
4905:
4903:
4893:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4874:
4864:
4862:
4852:
4850:
4840:
4838:
4828:
4826:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4809:Latin America
4807:
4801:
4791:
4789:
4779:
4777:
4767:
4765:
4755:
4753:
4743:
4739:
4736:
4735:
4734:
4724:
4722:
4712:
4710:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4695:North America
4693:
4690:
4686:
4676:
4666:
4664:
4654:
4652:
4642:
4640:
4630:
4626:
4623:
4622:
4621:
4611:
4609:
4599:
4598:
4596:
4592:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4577:
4575:
4569:
4566:
4562:
4558:
4551:
4546:
4544:
4539:
4537:
4532:
4531:
4528:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4430:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4420:
4418:
4416:
4412:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4365:
4364:United States
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4346:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4327:
4326:Space warfare
4323:
4315:
4314:United States
4310:
4305:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4291:
4286:
4282:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4233:
4232:
4229:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4197:
4196:
4195:United States
4191:
4186:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4037:
4032:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3947:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3935:Space forces,
3932:
3929:
3927:
3923:
3915:
3912:
3908:
3905:
3904:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3889:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3872:Space tourism
3870:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3855:United States
3851:
3846:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3809:
3808:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3781:GEO standards
3779:
3777:
3776:GSC standards
3774:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
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3717:
3714:
3711:
3708:
3705:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3691:
3688:
3685:
3682:
3679:
3676:
3673:
3670:
3667:
3664:
3661:
3658:
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3649:
3646:
3643:
3640:
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3634:
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3628:
3625:
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3621:
3619:
3617:
3613:
3607:
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3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
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3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
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3557:
3554:
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3497:
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3467:
3465:
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3459:
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3425:
3422:
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3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
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3390:
3387:
3385:
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3380:
3377:
3376:
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3370:
3354:
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3349:
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3345:
3343:
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3338:
3336:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3299:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3285:ISS programme
3283:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3251:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3223:
3220:
3217:
3216:Buran program
3214:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3196:
3193:
3192:Soyuz program
3190:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3098:
3095:
3091:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2995:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2955:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2943:2014 NASA Act
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2923:2010 NASA Act
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2913:Flexible path
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2883:
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1988:Cosmic Vision
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815:
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801:In 2010, the
799:
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578:Western Front
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39:
38:
33:
19:
7420:
7308:Architecture
7233:
7192:Colonization
7166:Archaeology
6981:Neuroscience
6938:... in space
6671:Space forces
6670:
6659:space forces
6658:
6608:
6599:Public Force
6559:Border guard
6483:Preceded by
6335:Intersputnik
6180:TÜBİTAK UZAY
5641:EUTELSAT IGO
5537:Pan-European
5498:TÜBİTAK UZAY
4957:Central Asia
4573:and pan-Arab
4448:Moon Society
4443:Mars Society
4376:Kill vehicle
4339:Space weapon
3945:Space forces
3944:
3586:Intersputnik
3222:Apollo–Soyuz
2960:space policy
2880:space policy
2835:
2816:space policy
2752:
2745:space policy
2710:space policy
2685:
2646:space policy
2629:space policy
2612:Apollo–Soyuz
2604:space policy
2577:Moon landing
2569:space policy
2549:space policy
2512:space policy
2465:
2443:space policy
2401:space policy
2375:
2337:Project Juno
1975:
1963:
1933:
1926:
1914:
1908:
1887:
1880:
1680:(1960–1975)
1449:Space policy
1389:. Retrieved
1387:(in Spanish)
1384:
1374:
1365:
1356:
1341:
1332:
1323:
1313:
1302:. Retrieved
1292:
1277:
1266:. Retrieved
1255:
1244:. Retrieved
1242:. Amacad.org
1234:
1225:
1216:
1207:
1196:. Retrieved
1172:. Retrieved
1161:
1150:. Retrieved
1148:. Eng.mil.ru
1126:. Retrieved
1111:
1105:
1087:
1075:. Retrieved
1049:
1042:
1030:. Retrieved
1004:
997:
972:. Retrieved
961:
953:Defense News
952:
852:
843:Space forces
830:
800:
782:
746:
742:
736:
700:
653:
595:between the
590:
567:
553:
539:
465:
459:to form the
437:armed forces
428:
426:
368:Space forces
340:Interstellar
273:Space launch
115:Applications
92:Space probes
18:Space forces
7464:Outer space
7219:Exploration
7157:Advertising
7101:Environment
7076:Astrobotany
7039:Fruit flies
6877:South Korea
6784:North Korea
6779:New Zealand
6774:Netherlands
6609:Space force
6569:Gendarmerie
6564:Coast guard
6554:Air defence
6485:Interkosmos
6459:Interkosmos
5565:Eurocontrol
5215:Antrix Corp
4571:Pan-African
4111:North Korea
4099:New Zealand
4087:Netherlands
3892:Space trade
3672:Moon Treaty
3331:(2013–2015)
3241:(1986–2001)
3218:(1974–1993)
3212:(1973–1977)
3206:(1971–1986)
3200:(1967–1991)
3198:Interkosmos
3177:(1964–1966)
3171:(1961–1976)
3165:(1960–1982)
3159:(1960–1963)
2698:Ride Report
2495:Missile gap
2367:(2018–2020)
2345:(2009–2010)
2322:(1964–1971)
2172:Eurocontrol
2066:(1992–2002)
1990:(2015–2025)
1977:BepiColombo
1824:Space Rider
1755:(1983–2010)
1694:(1964–1975)
1686:(1962–1973)
1608:Project 921
1591:(1966–1972)
1585:(1966–1976)
1518:Space races
1366:Aviation 24
822:outer space
754: [
686:, and 1989
672:Vietnam War
580:during the
542:Kármán line
441:outer space
429:space force
325:Sub-orbital
249:Spaceplanes
198:Space probe
132:Exploration
50:Spaceflight
7443:Categories
7401:Telescopes
7286:Technology
7139:Weathering
6986:Psychology
6971:Locomotion
6730:Air forces
6471:See also:
5184:South Asia
4788:USSPACECOM
4396:Spaceplane
3137:Khrushchev
2686:Challenger
2441:Eisenhower
1902:Cluster II
1499:Spaceguard
1489:Prediction
1391:2022-06-27
1385:El Español
1304:2021-02-03
1268:2021-02-03
1246:2021-02-03
1198:2021-02-03
1174:2021-02-03
1152:2021-02-03
1128:2021-02-03
1077:1 February
974:2021-02-03
930:References
550:A-4 rocket
492:air forces
290:Expendable
285:Launch pad
175:Spacecraft
157:Telescopes
152:Settlement
147:Navigation
82:Space Race
7469:Space law
7382:for Earth
7369:Batteries
7351:Logistics
7303:Accidents
7249:Christmas
7114:Corrosion
7054:Tortoises
7012:Non-human
6827:Australia
6739:Australia
6544:Air force
6139:Roscosmos
6127:KazCosmos
6091:ArmCosmos
5792:DTU Space
5754:BIRA-IASB
5701:EU SatCen
5460:KACST-SRI
5357:ArmCosmos
5343:West Asia
5016:East Asia
4983:Roscosmos
4971:KazCosmos
4941:Pan-Asian
4205:Structure
3957:Australia
3616:Space law
3479:UN-SPIDER
3254:Roscosmos
3232:Gorbachev
2165:Eurospace
1601:2007 test
1548:Mars race
1494:Avoidance
1343:USA Today
1072:831675552
1032:19 August
970:. Bbc.com
719:Sputnik 1
617:artillery
601:U.S. Army
569:Wehrmacht
373:Companies
280:Spaceport
193:Satellite
137:Espionage
7244:Religion
7234:Military
7170:of Earth
7049:Primates
6976:Medicine
6794:Thailand
6789:Pakistan
6700:Colombia
6364:UNCOPUOS
5675:DG DEFIS
5636:EUMETSAT
4688:Americas
4594:National
4159:Thailand
4123:Pakistan
4005:Colombia
3301:Medvedev
3290:Politics
3276:(1993–)
3185:Brezhnev
2928:Title 51
2838:disaster
2836:Columbia
2780:Politics
2688:disaster
2094:(2021–)
2012:EnVision
1957:Politics
1928:Herschel
1922:INTEGRAL
1700:(1975–)
1626:Tiangong
1616:Shenzhou
1610:(1992–)
1597:(1964–)
1536:Timeline
1348:Archived
1027:20826476
983:cite web
898:See also
692:Gulf War
546:MW 18014
294:reusable
142:Military
42:a series
40:Part of
7406:Weapons
7374:Nuclear
7335:Writing
7330:Toilets
7313:Farming
7261:Tourism
7256:Selfies
7197:Economy
7162:Alcohol
7150:Society
7134:Weather
7109:Climate
7019:Animals
6966:Hygiene
6945:Biology
6809:Vietnam
6754:Germany
6656:List of
6589:Militia
6574:Marines
6325:ISS MCB
6219:Oceania
5994:PTSPACE
5960:CBK PAN
5622:ESTRACK
5548:CENELEC
5251:SUPARCO
5198:SPARRSO
5035:SASTIND
4752:FAA/AST
4585:Arabsat
4219:Vietnam
4200:History
4029:Germany
3353:ExoMars
3262:Yeltsin
3194:(1967–)
3122:(1946)
3105:program
3043:FAA/AST
2743:Clinton
2547:Johnson
2510:Kennedy
2451:WS-117L
2298:British
2072:(2002–)
1916:Rosetta
1897:Cluster
1889:Huygens
1856:ExoMars
1795:(1998–)
1789:(1973–)
1761:(2005–)
1654:(2016–)
1643:(2003–)
1629:program
1619:program
1573:Chinese
1553:Records
682:, 1986
678:, 1983
643:within
576:on the
517:of the
498:History
330:Orbital
162:Tourism
70:History
7378:Solar
7365:Power
7361:Mining
7266:Voting
7214:Ethics
7202:Mining
7187:Burial
7119:Debris
7071:Plants
6872:Russia
6837:France
6832:Brazil
6799:Turkey
6764:Israel
6749:Canada
6744:Brazil
6715:Russia
6705:France
6385:Former
6376:UNOOSA
6278:COSPAR
5749:BELSPO
5530:Europe
5322:GISTDA
5298:PhilSA
5163:SaTReC
5065:PLAASF
4733:NESDIS
4663:NASRDA
4580:RASCOM
4564:Africa
4359:Russia
4288:
4243:France
4171:Turkey
4135:Russia
4063:Israel
4017:France
3981:Canada
3969:Brazil
3831:Russia
3715:(2020)
3709:(2012)
3703:(1999)
3692:(1998)
3686:(1988)
3680:(1981)
3674:(1979)
3668:(1976)
3662:(1975)
3656:(1974)
3650:(1972)
3644:(1972)
3638:(1968)
3632:(1967)
3626:(1963)
3224:(1975)
3151:(1957)
3113:Stalin
3101:Soviet
3026:NESDIS
2644:Reagan
2627:Carter
2592:Skylab
2399:Truman
2351:(2010)
2339:(1991)
2328:(1985)
2316:(1962)
2310:(1958)
2027:ATHENA
2017:CHEOPS
2002:Euclid
1935:Planck
1909:Newton
1119:
1070:
1060:
1025:
1015:
631:, and
254:Vostok
7396:Radar
7276:Women
7239:Music
7207:Trade
7034:Frogs
7003:Sleep
6953:Human
6862:NORAD
6852:Japan
6847:Italy
6842:India
6769:Japan
6720:Spain
6679:China
6435:NASDA
6352:ITU-R
6340:ODCWG
6320:ISECG
6310:ICSMD
6268:CCSDS
6261:World
6238:CSIRO
6077:Other
5970:KRRiT
5955:POLSA
5725:BEREC
5687:EUSPA
5607:ECSAT
5602:ESRIN
5592:ESTEC
5516:MBRSC
5512:UAESA
5405:NEHSA
5393:IRIAF
5274:LAPAN
5070:CASIC
5059:CGWIC
4948:APSCO
4849:CONAE
4675:SANSA
4651:GSSTC
4639:ESSTI
4625:NARSS
4354:India
4349:China
4290:NORAD
4267:Italy
4255:India
4147:Spain
4075:Japan
4040:Iran
3993:China
3819:India
3469:ITU-R
3344:Mars
3322:Putin
3210:Almaz
3103:space
2958:Trump
2878:Obama
2567:Nixon
2042:SMILE
2022:JUICE
2007:ARIEL
1819:PRIDE
1097:(PDF)
1054:(PDF)
1009:(PDF)
758:]
703:OKB-1
548:, an
431:is a
7318:Food
7224:Food
7124:Dust
7044:Mice
7029:Dogs
7024:Cats
6867:Peru
6857:NATO
6759:Iran
6710:Iran
6661:and
6594:Navy
6549:Army
6411:KCST
6399:BNSC
6330:ITSO
6315:IMSO
6305:IADC
6283:IPDA
6273:CEOS
6252:NZSA
6206:UKSA
6194:SSAU
6149:VVKO
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