South Dakota-class battleship (1939)

1200:(K.C.) armor mounted on 0.875-inch (22 mm) thick STS plate, and was inclined 19° from the vertical. This was equal to 17.3 inches (440 mm) of vertical belt armor at 19,000 yards (9.4 nmi; 17 km). The belt armor extended to the triple bottom with a Class B homogeneous Krupp-type lower belt and tapered from its maximum thickness of 12.2 inches (310 mm) down to 1 inch (25 mm) at the lowest portion at the triple bottom. This feature was chosen to protect against penetration of heavy-caliber gun projectiles that managed to hit the ship below the waterline. The ends of the armored citadel are protected by 11.3-inch (287 mm) thick traverse bulkheads. The horizontal deck protection is made of three layers: a 1.5-inch (38 mm) STS weather deck (also called "bomb deck"), a combined 5.75–6.05-inch (146–154 mm) Class B and STS second deck, and a 0.625-inch (16 mm) STS splinter deck over the machinery spaces. Over the magazines, the splinter deck is replaced with a 1-inch (25 mm) STS third deck. 1267: 1030: 1219:(1.3 GJ). The protection system was designed for the torpedo bulkheads to deform and absorb energy while several compartments were liquid loaded in order to disrupt the gas bubble and stop fragments; the total system depth was 17.9 feet (5.46 m). Notably, the armor belt itself, which extended to the triple bottom where it tapered to 1 in (25 mm), formed the third torpedo bulkhead. The lower edge of the belt was welded to the triple bottom structure and the joint was reinforced with buttstraps due to the structural discontinuity from the slight knuckle. It was hoped that extending the armor belt to the triple bottom as one of the torpedo bulkheads can help increase the protection of the system compared to the one used by the previous 1021:

significantly smaller, at 3.6 lb (1.6 kg). Both full charges provided a muzzle velocity of 2,600 ft/s (790 m/s) in new guns, but as continued fire wore down the barrels, muzzle velocity degraded slightly, to 2,500 ft/s (760 m/s). The reduced charge's muzzle velocity was correspondingly lower, at 1,200 ft/s (370 m/s). Each gun was supplied with 450 rounds, and was expected to fire 4,600 shells before it was worn enough to warrant replacement. At the maximum effective elevation to engage surface targets, 45 degrees, the guns could hit targets up to 17,392 yards (15,903 m) away. The maximum height at which aircraft could be engaged was 37,200 feet (11,300 m).

756: 1657: 990: 937: 101: 33: 692:

would have to be increased to 15.5 in (390 mm), which would have increased the weight of the vessel to prohibitive levels. To mitigate this problem, sloped armor was proposed; it was infeasible to use inclined armor in an external belt, because it would compromise stability to a dangerous degree. Instead, an internal armor belt was constructed behind unarmored hull plates. This had serious drawbacks, however; it complicated the construction process, and if the armored belt was damaged, the external plating would have to be cut away first before the belt could be repaired.

2162: 805:. The primary 666-ft design was the only plan that could meet the specified requirements for speed, protection, and the nine 16-inch guns. By late 1937 a proposed design was agreed on, requiring only small modifications to save weight and increase the fields of fire. Berths for the crew, even the staterooms for senior officers, along with mess halls were reduced in size, and ventilation ports were completely removed, forcing the ship to rely completely on artificial air circulation. 696: 1995: 2283:–class ships was ordered by the Chairman of the Ship Characteristics Board. The request was made for the ships' speed to be increased to at least 31 knots. To do so, the design staff decided to remove the after turret and use the weight and space gained to install either a set of improved steam turbines or a set of gas turbines. Either system would have to produce at least 256,000 shaft horsepower (190 MW)—the minimum requirement to achieve 31 knots on the 1838: 846:, it had preferred the slower of two alternative designs. Great and expensive improvements in machinery design had been used to minimize the increased power on the designs rather than make extraordinary powerful machinery (hence much higher speed) practical. Yet the four largest battleships the U.S. Navy produced were not much more than 33-knot versions of the 27-knot, 35,000 tonners that had preceded them. The 2237: 781:. The boilers were then rearranged several times so they were staggered with the turbines, eventually ending directly alongside the turbines. The propulsion system was arranged as close together as possible, and the evaporators and distilling equipment were placed in the machinery rooms. This provided enough additional space behind the armored belt to add a second plotting room. 876:, 680 ft (207.3 m) overall, and 108 ft 2 in (32.97 m) in beam. The design standard displacement was 35,412 long tons (35,980 t), approximately 1.2% overweight; when the ships were commissioned in 1942, the considerable increase in anti-air armament from the contract design increased standard displacement to 37,682 long tons (38,287 t) ( 2233:. In July 1945, she shelled a number of areas in Japan, including Kamaishi on the 14th, Hitachi on the 18th, and Hamamatsu on the 29th and 30th. These turned out to be her last offensive operations of the war. Her last duty in the Far East was to assist in the landing of occupation forces in Japan, after which she departed for the United States. 1152:

replaced by the SK and SK-2 air-search radar. The main battery directors were fitted with Mark 3 fire-control radar, which were replaced by the Mark 8 starting in 1942. This radar gave these ships a significant advantage over ships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, which for the most part relied on optical systems.

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would continue to operate the older 21 knots (39 km/h; 24 mph) battleships until the 1950s and so a higher speed was not strictly necessary—though, crucially, it would mean the class would have been too slow to act in what would emerge as the most critical role for battleships, as escorts for

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increased speed in order to attack the destroyers. The battery at El Hank continued to fire on the ship, and at 10:00, one of the 7.6-inch shells from the coastal battery struck her on the port side between the two forward main gun turrets. The shell penetrated the deck armor and started a small fire

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had three blades inboard. The power output was 130,000 shp (97,000 kW), while overloading permitted up to 135,000 shp (101,000 kW), which drove the ships at a design speed of 27.5 knots (50.9 km/h; 31.6 mph). The displacement of the vessels gradually increased over World

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By this time, the design process had established that the hull was to be 666 ft long (203 m) between perpendiculars and incorporate the single internal sloped armor belt. However, in case of rejection by the General Board, naval architects produced a series of alternatives. Among these were

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would strike it at an angle closer to the perpendicular, increasing their ability to penetrate the armor. It did reduce the area that needed to be covered by the armored deck, which saved additional weight. This enabled the upper belt to be thicker, which to an extent ameliorated the vulnerability to

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s anti-aircraft gunners managed to destroy both the aircraft and the torpedo it had dropped, with no damage to the ship. Shortly thereafter, a second Japanese plane was shot down, but a third managed to crash into the ship. The aircraft disintegrated upon striking the side armor plates and scattered

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was 17,700 to 30,900 yd (16.2 to 28.3 km). To remain within treaty displacement limits, the belt armor was only slightly thicker while being considerably more inclined; this necessitating an internal belt arrangement in order to retain adequate waterline beam for stability. The immune zone

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s were able to reap the benefits of developments in radar technology during World War II. By the end of the war, the ships were equipped with air and surface-search radars and radar fire-control. When commissioned, the ships were equipped with the SC air-search radar. This radar would eventually get

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s—680 ft (207.3 m) compared to 729 ft (222.2 m), respectively—the new ships would need improved machinery than would otherwise have been used in shorter hulls in order to retain the same speed as the longer ships. The design initially called for a top speed of at least 22.5 knots

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effective due to the rigidity of the armor belt causing force of the detonation to significantly displace the final holding bulkhead inwards despite remaining watertight. This and several further subscale caisson tests resulted in several modifications, including the system's liquid loading scheme;

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The Mark 37 directors for the secondary batteries were fitted with the Mark 4 radar. With this system and the VT fused shells, the secondary batteries became formidable anti-air weapons, as well as being capable of using against surface targets. The Mark 4 was eventually replaced by the Mark 12/22.

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guns in eight Mark 28 Mod 0 twin dual-purpose (DP) mounts, four on either side of the superstructure. This was two turrets fewer than her sister ships who had ten twin DP mounts of twenty guns, five on either side of the ship. These turrets weighed 156,295 lb (70,894 kg) and could depress

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of 2,300 feet per second (700 metres per second) for the AP shell with the full propellant charge, while the reduced version provided a correspondingly lower muzzle velocity of 1,800 ft/s (550 m/s). 130 shells were stowed for each gun, which came to a total of 1,170. The guns in all three

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s calculated value on 12 April 1942). Full load displacement was 44,519 long tons (45,233 t) when commissioned, with a mean draft of 34 ft 11.25 in (10.6 m) at this displacement. At the design combat displacement of 42,545 long tons (43,228 t), the mean draft was 33 ft

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The tonnage here refers to standard displacement. Also known as "Washington displacement", standard displacement is a specific term defined by the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922. It is the displacement of the ship complete, fully manned, engined, and equipped ready for sea, including all armament

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returned for repair and refit work at the Puget Sound naval yard; the work consisted primarily of improvements to her guns and radar equipment. By early May the ship returned to fleet operations. She was tasked with providing anti-aircraft support to the fast carrier groups that were launching air

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refused to allow the new ship to drop below 25 knots (46 km/h; 29 mph), the Battle Force argued at least 27 knots (50 km/h; 31 mph) was necessary to maintain homogeneity in the line of battle, and the president of the War College maintained a fast ship was optimal, but the navy

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s 5-inch guns were firing upon Japanese aircraft in the area. The ship turned in the direction of the Japanese aircraft in order to better engage them, but the rearmost turret was masked behind the amidships mount. The gunner in the rearmost turret accidentally overrode the safety mechanism that

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on her starboard side. 13 of the voids between the torpedo protection system and 13 fuel tanks were flooded, and the longitudinal bulkheads were severely damaged. The starboard outboard propeller was damaged, along with the shaft upon which it was mounted. Two quad-mount 40 mm guns and nine

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s had considerable main battery turret protection; the turret face plates are 18-inch (457 mm) Class B, the sides are 9.5-inch (241 mm) Class A, the rear is 12-inch (305 mm) Class A, and the roof is 7.25-inch (184 mm) Class B. The barbettes are protected by Class A armor 11.3

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In February 1943, the 1.1-inch guns and 1 Oerlikon gun were replaced with an additional 52 Bofors guns, for a total of 68. In December 1944, the battery was again upgraded, with 72 Oerlikon and 72 Bofors guns. In March 1945, the battery was modified for the last time: 5 Oerlikon were added and 4

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The guns used three different charges, depending on the situation: a full charge, a full flashless charge, and a reduced charge. The standard full charge weighed 15.2–15.5 lb (6.9–7.0 kg), the flashless charge was slightly heavier at 16 lb (7.3 kg), and the reduced charge was

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was a much more intractable problem; the 16-inch gun could penetrate 13.5 inches (340 mm) of plate, the thickest in an American battleship at the time, even at 25,000 yd (23,000 m). To proof the ship against her own armament—a characteristic known as "balanced armor"—the main belt

1106:-class, the machinery was divided into four machinery spaces, each with two boilers and one set of turbines in order to ensure isolation of main propulsion machinery. No longitudinal bulkheads were fitted in the machinery spaces; this was to reduce the risk of asymmetric flooding and capsizing. 1016:

of 15–22 rounds per minute. The AA shells were 20.75 in long (52.7 cm) and weighed between 54 and 55 lb (24–25 kg), depending on the variant. The illumination and white phosphorus shells were slightly smaller, at 20 in (51 cm) long; the illumination rounds weighed

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hull. Unfortunately, this would have necessitated alterations to the hull form, particularly in the rear of the ship. Larger propellers were also required, and all four shafts would have had to have been completely rebuilt to accommodate the changes. Estimates for the project ran as high as $

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shot down her first Japanese aircraft the following month, in March 1944. The ship conducted anti-aircraft defense operations during the Battle of the Philippine Sea in June 1944. After that, she joined other battleships that were providing gunfire support to the ground troops in the Marianas

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The vessels had four screws, with the two outboard screws mounted in skegs. Two semi-balanced rudders were mounted behind the two inboard screws. As completed, the ships had all four-bladed propellers, but vibration tests would result in the ships of the class having different propeller blade

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achieved 27.08 knots (50.2 km/h; 31.2 mph) at 42,740 long tons (43,430 t) on 133,070 shp (99,230 kW). The ships carried about 6,600 long tons (6,700 t) of fuel oil, which gave a range of 15,000 nmi (28,000 km; 17,000 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h;

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prevented the gun from firing in that circumstance, and when the gun was fired, it hit the 5-inch turret in front of it. Five men were killed and 11 wounded in the incident; an investigation revealed that the override switch was faulty and prone to accidental operation.

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turrets could elevate to 45 degrees, but only I and III turrets could depress to −2 degrees; the superfiring II turret was not able to depress. This enabled a maximum range of 36,900 yards (33,700 m) with the Mark 8 projectile. The turrets were able to

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s had the outer two compartments filled with liquid, typically fuel oil, while the inner two compartments were void spaces; this was done to mitigate the listing potential from a torpedo strike. The system saw further strengthening and refinements in the subsequent

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inches (287 mm) thick along the centerline and 17.3 inches (439 mm) on the sides. Secondary battery turrets and handling spaces are protected by 2 inches (51 mm) STS. The conning tower is protected by 16-inch (406 mm) thick armor.

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was decommissioned on 27 March 1947 and entered the Atlantic Reserve Fleet; she was struck from the Naval Register on 1 June 1962, but not scrapped. Instead, the battleship was given to the Massachusetts Memorial Committee on 8 June 1965 to become a

746:(41.7 km/h; 25.9 mph), which was deemed sufficient to keep up with opposing battleships and outrun surfaced submarines. However, in late 1936, cryptanalysts deciphered radio traffic from the Japanese navy which revealed that the battleship 1904:

gun turrets, was in the harbor, having traveled there in 1940 to escape the German invasion of France. American planes were fired upon and two French submarines were spotted leaving the harbor; at 07:03 the coastal battery at El Hank opened fire on

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sailed on her shakedown cruise from the Chesapeake Bay on 11 November, which culminated in Casco Bay, Maine. Minor repairs were carried out in Norfolk, after which the big ship returned to Casco Bay to conduct training maneuvers with her sister,

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The size of the hull was also a problem: a longer hull generally equates to a higher top speed, but requires more armor to protect it. In order to keep a higher top speed on a shorter hull, higher-performance machinery is required. Since the

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was put into the reserve fleet at Puget Sound. She was finally struck from the Navy List on 1 June 1962, and sold for scrapping on 6 September 1963 for $ 418,387. The ship breaking was finished in 1964. The battleship's mast was given to

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Due to the deteriorating international situations in Europe and Asia, Congress authorized a further two battleships of the new design, for a total of four, under the Deficiency Authorization of 25 June 1938. The "Escalator Clause" of the

2077:, which had winds of around 120 kn (140 mph; 220 km/h). She continued to operate with TF 38 from 30 December and 23 January 1945; the ships struck Formosa and Okinawa, provided cover for an amphibious assault on 1781:

in western New Guinea. The ship then returned to the central Pacific and bombarded Truk, and subsequently took part in operations off the Marianas Islands. On 19 June 1944 a Japanese torpedo bomber attempted to attack the ship, but

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150 degrees in both directions from the centerline, which enabled a wide arc of fire. The guns could be elevated or depressed at a rate of 12 degrees per second, and the turrets could train at 4 degrees per second.

632:, wanted the ships to be of a new design. That meant construction could not begin by 1938, so the ships were assigned to FY1939. Design work started in March 1937 and the draft for two battleships was formally approved by the 2513:

and ammunition, equipment, outfit, provisions and fresh water for crew, miscellaneous stores, and implements of every description that are intended to be carried in war, but without fuel or reserve boiler feed water on board.

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Battleship Commission, which had acquired the ship in order to turn her into a memorial. She was towed out of Bremerton on 2 July 1964, to Mobile, Alabama, where she currently resides as a museum ship, the main attraction of

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The ships had a variety of anti-aircraft weapons, and the weapons mounted changed over time. Initially, the ships were designed to mount twelve .50 in (12.7 mm) machine guns and twelve 1.1 in (27.9 mm)

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attacked Japan's second largest iron and steel center, Kamaishi on Honshū, on 14 July; Hamamatsu on 28 July; and Kamaishi on 9 August. The latter bombardment was probably the last 16-inch shell fired during World War II.

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was assigned to the British Home Fleet, and tasked with convoy escort duties on the route to the Soviet Union. She was relieved of these duties in July so that she could return to Norfolk for a brief overhaul in August.

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fired at relatively close range would hit the upper portion of the belt at an angle, which maximized armor protection. However, the effectiveness of the upper portion of the belt was degraded at longer ranges, because

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on 4 March. The battleship supported operations in the South Pacific over the next months, including guarding convoy lanes, escorting aircraft carriers, and bombarding Japanese positions on various islands, including

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s themselves was smaller due to the introduction of the 2,700 lbs Mark 8 Super Heavy shell; against such a shell, the armor was effective only at ranges between 20,500 and 26,400 yd (18.7 and 24.1 km).

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joined the task force that had assembled to invade Okinawa; the ship provided ground support fire as well as anti-aircraft defense against the increasing number of Kamikazes that were attacking the invasion fleet.

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s starboard catapult was torn from the ship, along with the Kingfisher float plane that had been sitting on it. The ship suffered a list to starboard, which was corrected by flooding compartments on the port side.

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three-drum express type boilers that had a steam pressure of 600 psi (4,100 kPa) and a temperature of 850 °F (454 °C). The steam drove four geared turbines, one for each propeller shaft.

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their guns to −15 degrees and elevate them to 85 degrees. The guns fired a variety of different projectiles, including anti-aircraft (AA), illumination, and white phosphorus (WP) shells, at a

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was 7.18 ft (2.2 m). The addition of more anti-aircraft mounts during the ships' service in World War II increased the full load displacement considerably towards the end of the war; by 1945,

1867:. She was launched on 23 September 1941 and commissioned on 12 May 1942. After a shakedown cruise, the battleship departed Casco Bay, Maine on 24 October 1942 to support the Allied invasion of Africa, 679:

There was a great deal of debate on the requirements for the new battleships. The design board drew up a number of proposals; one called for a ship with nine 16-inch (406 mm) guns in three triple

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s. Ultimately, the complex double incline belt armor was abandoned when it became apparent that a single slanted belt could provide similar protection, and save several hundred tons of weight.

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in three-gun turrets, but were more compact and better protected. The ships can be visually distinguished from the earlier vessels by their single funnel, compared to twin funnels in the

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to be repaired enough to make the voyage back to Pearl Harbor; the resulting work was the largest single repair handled at Pearl Harbor other than the battleships damaged during the

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Bofors were removed. This provided the maximum number of anti-aircraft guns, at 145 guns. The other three ships followed a similar pattern of upgrades to the anti-aircraft armament.

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had been assigned to the FY1937 building program, and in 1936, the General Board met to discuss the two battleships to be allocated to FY1938. The General Board argued for two more

3456:

Morss, Strafford (December 2010). "Excellence Under Stress: A Comparison of Machinery Installations of North Carolina, South Dakota, Iowa, and Montana Class Battleships: Part I".

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40,000,000 per ship, and this did not include the cost of reactivating the ship and upgrades to its electrical and combat systems. As a result, the conversion program was halted.

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class, began on 1 February 1940 in the Norfolk Navy Yard with the keel laying. She was launched on 16 February 1942 and commissioned into service six months later, on 16 August.

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provided anti-aircraft cover for airborne raids on Honshū, Iwo Jima and Kyushu. On 24 March, the ship bombarded Okinawa; for the remainder of that month and a majority of April,

3485:

Morss, Strafford (March 2011). "Excellence Under Stress: A Comparison of Machinery Installations of North Carolina, South Dakota, Iowa, and Montana Class Battleships: Part II".

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on 20 September for the west coast of the United States. The battleship set sail for Philadelphia on 3 January 1946 to be overhauled; she was designated as part of the Atlantic

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herself had a waterline length of 666 ft (203.0 m), an overall length of 680 ft 4.25 in (207.4 m), and beam of 108 ft 1.5 in (33.0 m).

1053:. In September of that year, the .50-inch guns were removed and the number of 1.1-inch guns reduced to 20. In their place, the 20mm guns were increased to 16 weapons, and 16 2124:

voyaged to the Puget Sound Navy Yard once more for an overhaul; once completed, she left on 28 January 1946 and operated off the California coast before setting course for

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design was "a remarkable achievement within very constricting treaty limits." Moreover the final commitment to a higher speed presaged the development of the subsequent

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on 23 June. More specific characteristics for the two ships were ironed out, and those were approved on 4 January 1938. The ships were formally ordered on 4 April 1938.

683:, 5.9-inch-thick (150 mm) deck armor that would have made the ship immune to plunging fire out to 30,000 yards (27,000 m), and a top speed of at least 23 1172:

s were designed to be resistant against 16-inch shellfire. The protection zone against the 2,240 lb projectile fired by the 16-inch/45 cal. guns of the

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charge of 535 lb (243 kg), a reduced charge of 295 lb (134 kg), or a reduced flashless charge of 315 lb (143 kg). This provided a

576:(FY) 1939 appropriations. Commissioning through the summer of 1942, the four ships served in both the Atlantic, ready to intercept possible German capital ship 5188: 1572: 854:

s. The principal armament improvement was a more powerful 16-inch gun, 5 calibers longer. Ten thousand tons was a very great deal to pay for 6 knots.

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returned to Puget Sound naval yard for a needed overhaul. The work lasted until January 1945; the ship returned to active duty on the 24th of that month.

1552:", where more than 300 attacking Japanese aircraft were shot down, though she was hit by a 500-pound bomb on the main deck that killed 24 and wounded 27. 967:. These guns fired a 2,700 lb (1,200 kg) Mark 8 armor-piercing (AP) shell at a rate of two per minute per gun. The guns could either use a full 671:

specifically for this purpose, although the increase in space and weight from this necessitated removal of two twin 5-inch dual-purpose (DP) gun mounts.

1352:—was ordered to "make a sweep of the Santa Cruz Islands and then move southwest to block any Japanese forces approaching Guadalcanal." This led to the 1029: 2112:

set course for Japan; the battleship protected carriers while they launched raids on Tokyo, then moved closer to land to hit targets with gunfire.

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was credited with shooting down 26 Japanese planes. The battleship was hit once by a 500 lb (230 kg)-bomb on Turret I during the action.

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To counter this, it was determined a top speed of 25.8–26.2 kn (47.8–48.5 km/h; 29.7–30.2 mph) was possible if the power plant from

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Wright, Christopher C. (September 2020). "Question 14/56: Concerning a notch in the hull at the top of the Main Deck level, port side, on BB-58".

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During this engagement, seven French destroyers managed to escape the harbor and attempted to make their way to the invasion beaches. At 08:55,

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longer, faster ships armed with 14-inch guns in triple turrets, slower ships with 14-inch guns in quadruple turrets, improved versions of the

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once again provided anti-aircraft defense, this time for Allied ships massed near Okinawa. On 5 June, she suffered through another typhoon,

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was placed into the reserve fleet in Bremerton, Washington, where she remained until 1 June 1962, when she was removed from the Navy List.

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class down, the U.S. Navy had consistently advocated armor and firepower at the expense of speed. Even in adopting fast battleships of the

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on 1 May, the ship set course for the Puget Sound Navy Yard for an overhaul and to have her gun barrels relined, as they had worn out.

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War II, mainly due to additional light anti-aircraft gun placements and greater fuel oil carriage to refuel smaller escorts. By 1945,

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during the amphibious operations in the Gilbert islands, particularly Kwajalein in early 1944. During the night of 21 February 1944,

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shot down her first aircraft. The ship also participated in the invasion of the Marshall Islands; on 1 February 1944, the battleship

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was taken in for an overhaul in the Boston Navy Yard. After the refitting, the ship sailed for the Pacific theater, and arrived in

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s, the slightly shorter hull form resulted in improved maneuverability, and the vibration problems had been considerably reduced.

774:. In order to do so the boilers were positioned directly above the turbines in the same arrangement to have been used in the 1916 3721: 3401:

Morss, Strafford (2006b). "The Washington Naval Treaty and the Armor and Protective Plating of the USS Massachusetts: Part II".

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took part in the bombardment of Iwo Jima, as well as in attacks on the Japanese home islands. Following the shore bombardments,

4645: 3589: 3372:

Morss, Strafford (2006a). "The Washington Naval Treaty and the Armor and Protective Plating of the USS Massachusetts: Part I".

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was commissioned into the fleet on 30 April 1942. After shakedown operations, she was sent directly to the Solomon Islands;

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was completed, the anti-aircraft battery was modified to eight .50-inch and twenty-eight 1.1-inch machine guns and sixteen

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s operations off Guadalcanal consisted primarily of shore bombardment in support of the Marines fighting on the island.

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operated in the Pacific mostly as a carrier escort; the only times she did not was when she received an overhaul at the

3221: 3155: 2998: 1895: 1413: 1412:. The ships intercepted a Japanese bombardment force on the night of 14–15 November, and, in a battle now known as the 1451:

and she received considerable topside damage—42 shells hit the ship, knocking out radio communications and three

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forming a multi-layered system designed to absorb the energy from an underwater explosion equivalent to 700 pounds of

4758: 2340: 1438: 1288: 1099: 580:, and the Pacific, in carrier groups and shore bombardments. All four ships were retired shortly after World War II; 71: 4765: 3826: 3744: 1940: 1353: 725:

plunging fire. Because the belt was internal, it provided the opportunity to extend it to the inner portion of the

3576: 5144: 5060: 4779: 4772: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4377: 4322: 4315: 4238: 3930: 3854: 3758: 3663: 2018:(8 December 1943) and Kwajalein (30 January 1944). Returning to carrier protection after the latter bombardment, 1054: 840: 651:, but Congress was willing to approve only the 35,000-ton battleships. A number of deficiencies in the preceding 614: 551: 401: 116: 659:

s; these included insufficient underwater protection and turbine engines not of the most recent technology. The

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on 1 June 1962 and sold for scrap to the Lipsett Division of Luria Brothers and Company, Inc. on 25 October.

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for the 16-inch guns exploded on 6 May (putting the ship out of action until 1 June), and when she bombarded

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pieces of the plane across the stern. Five men were injured, but the ship suffered only very slight damage.

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Despite the compromises made, naval historians William Garzke and Robert Dulin would later argue that the

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class, and a ship of 27 knots (50 km/h) armed with nine 16-in guns in a similar configuration to the

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This article is about the class of World War II battleships. For the canceled 1920 battleship class, see

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was complete. In August–September, the battleship voyaged from the Atlantic to the Pacific through the

1003:

was built as a fleet flagship, with an extra deck on her conning tower for extra command space, so her

747: 641: 1931:, which subsequently had to be beached. Four merchant ships and a floating crane were also destroyed. 5053: 5025: 4990: 4915: 4539: 4190: 4183: 4033: 4012: 3998: 3923: 3888: 3640: 2446: 2402: 2202: 2138: 1954: 1832: 1296: 1173: 629: 625: 531: 76: 1628:, where memorabilia and parts of the battleship are displayed within an outline of the main deck. A 5137: 4672: 4637: 4512: 4431: 4308: 4217: 4040: 3951: 3881: 3699: 3626: 2486: 2330: 2268: 1261: 519: 989: 5120: 5113: 5095: 4546: 4477: 4329: 4301: 4259: 4231: 4210: 4102: 4081: 4026: 3991: 3895: 2125: 1189: 802: 515: 4624: 2105: 2104:, this one with 100 kn (120 mph; 190 km/h) winds. Five days later, she bombarded 1707:, which had been rebuilt as a crane ship, lowered the 16-inch guns into their turret mountings. 1637: 919:

s mounted the outboard propulsion shafts in skegs rather than the inboard ones. Compared to the

4945: 4665: 4651: 4567: 4470: 4294: 4280: 4273: 4266: 4245: 4224: 4134: 4067: 4005: 3791: 3707: 2468: 2380: 1926: 1875: 1767: 1698: 1426: 1403: 1324: 936: 86: 4610: 1701:. She was launched on 21 November 1941; during the fitting out process, the former battleship 5130: 5039: 4865: 4693: 4686: 4658: 4553: 4519: 4505: 4252: 4127: 4074: 3944: 3672: 2420: 2101: 2054: 2022:

provided anti-aircraft defense while Allied air attacks were sent against Saipan, Tinian and

1864: 1560: 1462: 1335: 1050: 1008: 825: 645: 633: 458:

1.5 in (38 mm), 5.75–6.05 in (146–154 mm), 0.63–1 in (16–25 mm)

410: 392: 129: 3963: 3002: 4895: 4821: 4679: 4630: 4411: 4287: 4148: 4109: 4095: 3971: 3225: 2221: 2086: 2078: 2074: 1976: 1702: 1668: 1592: 1524:

before she moved away to protect the carriers assigned to provide air support for multiple

431: 3571: 8: 4925: 4616: 4405: 4088: 4060: 4019: 3647: 3633: 2458: 2416: 2366: 2156: 2061:. Moving to the Philippines, the battleship protected Allied ships and troops during the 1982: 1881: 1856: 1778: 1651: 1452: 1074: 797: 537: 525: 32: 284: 4880: 4491: 4463: 4176: 3531: 3502: 3473: 3418: 3389: 3248: 3058:. Navy Department, Naval History and Heritage Command. 14 December 2004. Archived from 2344: 1818: 1674: 1588: 1525: 1375: 1300: 1292: 1004: 885: 716: 503: 106: 3159: 1750:

20 mm guns were destroyed, along with two of the mounts for the 20 mm guns.

1679:

shortly before the bombardment of Kamaishi on 14 July 1945. This photo was taken from

5162: 5088: 4835: 4814: 4498: 4484: 4169: 4162: 3751: 3523: 3494: 3465: 3442: 3410: 3381: 3358: 3351: 3335: 2955: 2795: 2746: 2062: 1494: 1484: 1471:

to sail for New York; after the ship's arrival on 18 December 1942, she was given an

1211:

The underwater protection was an internal "bulge" that consists of four longitudinal

951:–class battleships carried a main battery of nine 16 inches (406 mm)/45 caliber 813: 483: 278: 3514:

Morss, Strafford (2004). "The Machinery Arrangements of USS Massachusetts (BB-59)".

1475:

and the battle damage was completely fixed. Departing the yard on 25 February 1943,

1139:. Total electrical power output was 7,000 kW at 450 volts alternating current. 4940: 4885: 4341: 4155: 3736: 3549: 3056:"Allied Ships Present in Tokyo Bay During the Surrender Ceremony, 2 September 1945" 2027: 1510: 1332: 1304: 1212: 1136: 1079: 395: 4982: 4935: 4910: 4905: 4855: 3765: 3581: 3029: 2522:

The individual ships dimensions varied slightly from design values. For example,

2490: 2442: 2248: 2142: 2082: 1868: 1216: 972: 817: 499: 469: 195: 2161: 907:, characteristics shared by all American fast battleships. Unlike the preceding 4875: 4847: 4396: 3818: 3059: 3023: 1614: 1568: 1132: 964: 903:

The hull featured a bulbous bow, triple bottom under the armored citadel, and

542:. They were designed to the same treaty standard displacement limit of 35,000 5177: 4900: 4870: 4793: 4705: 4052: 3983: 3527: 3498: 3469: 3414: 3385: 2959: 2450: 2046: 2035: 1872: 1602: 1537: 1409: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1320: 726: 721: 668: 449: 325: 302: 1921:

five times, and in the process disabled the one active main battery turret.

1610: 1540:

support for various fast carrier task forces until June, when she bombarded

1472: 1017:

54.4 lb (24.7 kg) and the WP shells were 53 lb (24 kg).

831:—the largest, fastest, and final U.S. battleships. As Friedman has written: 644:

had been activated in the U.S. Navy so it could begin work on the follow-on

4746: 4741: 1514: 1312: 1197: 1013: 977: 707:

To minimize the drawbacks of the inclined belt, it sloped outward from the

695: 667:, so the lead ship of the new class was designed with an extra deck on the 569: 507: 1994: 1489:

in North Atlantic operations until mid-April, when she joined the British

1118:

had five blades in the outboard propellers and four blades inboard, while

4930: 4920: 4807: 4786: 4531: 4423: 3357:(Rev. and updated ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. 2438: 2244: 2134: 1845: 1513:, among other battles. Along with five other battleships, she fired upon 1308: 1284: 1196:

s' internal armor belt consists of 12.2-inch (310 mm) thick Class A

684: 597: 573: 455: 313: 3535: 3506: 3477: 3422: 3393: 2053:, and provided cover for task groups attacking Japanese warships in the 896:

s full load displacement was some 46,200 long tons (46,900 t), and

328:(28,000 km; 17,000 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph) 4890: 4828: 4733: 4560: 4456: 3873: 2050: 1891: 1837: 1490: 1393: 1316: 1042: 968: 688: 680: 472: 443: 425: 4800: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4586: 4448: 4202: 1629: 1598: 1580: 1564: 1529: 1521: 1480: 1444: 1385: 1372: 960: 873: 239: 223: 41: 3729: 2010: 1855:, the third ship of the class, was laid down on 20 July 1939 at the 1389: 1236:

s had the third and fourth outboard compartments liquid loaded, the

2031: 1991:

fired 786 main battery shells and 221 rounds from her 5-inch guns.

1987:. During the operations off the North African coast on 8 November, 1809:

continued in these duties until the end of the war in August 1945.

1715:

arrived off Guadalcanal on 9 November 1942 and replaced her sister

1493:. This deployment lasted until 1 August; the ship then traveled to 664: 543: 437: 353: 348: 288: 208: 3572:

War Service Fuel Consumption of U.S. Naval Surface Vessels FTP 218

3439:

The Illustrated Directory of Warships from 1860 to the present day

1975:

and a number of smaller caliber shells from the American cruisers

900:

reached up to 47,006 long tons (47,760 t) at emergency load.

506:. They were the second class of battleships to be named after the 4438: 4119: 2058: 1417: 1939:

that was quickly extinguished. At this time, the French cruiser

2230: 2201:

departed for the Pacific theater; the ship was assigned to the

2066: 1971:

was forced to retire after she was hit by a 16-inch shell from

1894:

on the evening of 7 November. The incomplete French battleship

1763: 1576: 1545: 1541: 1506: 577: 514:

were designed in the 1920s and canceled under the terms of the

404: 3577:

USS South Dakota War Damage Report – 19 June 1944 bombing

1871:, as flagship of the Western Naval Task Force. Along with the 770:

could be reduced in size enough to fit in the tighter hull of

2915: 2015: 1498: 1455: 1381: 872:–class battleships were 666 ft (203 m) long at the 547: 212: 2236: 1821:

at Bloomington, and her anchor is on display in Fort Wayne.

752:

was capable of speeds in excess of 26 knots (48 km/h).

729:, which gave the ship better underwater protection than the 2023: 1909:. It was mistakenly assumed that the gunfire had come from 1502: 963:

pair forward; the third turret was mounted aft of the main

904: 708: 1733:

took part in the invasion of Tarawa, alongside her sister

1223:-class. However, caisson tests in 1939 indicated that the 3292: 3103: 2927: 2893: 2891: 2842: 2840: 943:

shows the range of independent elevation of her main guns

796:

Arguments arose, frequently over the issue of speed; the

246: 3309: 3307: 3270: 3268: 3266: 3181: 3179: 3177: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3118: 3093: 3091: 3089: 2810: 2770: 2768: 2766: 2764: 2702: 2876: 2792:"United States of America 5"/38 (12.7 cm) Mark 12" 1913:, so the order to neutralize the battleship was given. 1180:

of the side armor against the 16-inch guns used by the

2888: 2837: 2827: 2825: 2220:

islands. She was assigned to Task Force 34 during the

2005:

Following her successful operations off North Africa,

3304: 3280: 3263: 3174: 3115: 3086: 2864: 2852: 2761: 2726: 2666: 2584: 2582: 2567: 2545: 2543: 2128:

via the Panama Canal. After she arrived on 22 April,

663:

s also did not have sufficient space to act as fleet

2397:

Struck 1 June 1962; Sold for scrap, 23 October 1963

2361:

Struck 1 June 1962; Sold for scrap, 25 October 1962

5012: 3074: 2903: 2822: 2714: 2678: 2654: 2642: 1447:. During the battle, a power failure incapacitated 3611: 3350: 2690: 2630: 2618: 2606: 2594: 2579: 2540: 1605:there in June. Decommissioned on 31 January 1947, 955:guns in three three-gun turrets, identical to the 850:s showed no advance at all in protection over the 3349:Garzke, William H.; Dulin, Robert O. Jr. (1995). 2747:"United States of America 16"/45 (406 mm) Mark 6" 1777:returned to active duty, she participated in the 5175: 3730:United States naval ship classes of World War II 3353:Battleships: United States Battleships 1935–1992 1520:The day of 29 January 1944 saw the ship bombard 798:Commander in Chief, United States Fleet (CINCUS) 3332:U.S. Battleships: An Illustrated Design History 3246: 2789: 2744: 2279:On 26 July 1954, a conversion proposal for the 1131:Each ship had seven 1,000 kW ship service 16:Fast battleship class of the United States Navy 3441:. London: Salamander Books. pp. 170–171. 3334:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. 2562:Conference on the Limitation of Armament, 1922 2073:, along with the rest of TF 38, ran into 1509:8 and 9, which supported Allied forces in the 1380:collided while the latter was investigating a 959:-class. Two of these turrets were placed in a 5189:World War II battleships of the United States 4998: 3715: 3689:List of battleships of the United States Navy 3597: 2979: 2977: 2975: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2377:Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company 1695:Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company 1563:from July to August 1944, when five tanks of 1548:. The battleship took part in the so-called " 3202: 3200: 3198: 3196: 3194: 3134: 2026:; she also supported later invasions of the 1848:off Point Wilson, Washington on 11 July 1944 1693:s keel was laid on 20 September 1939 at the 1348:soon after, the combined fleet—now known as 1135:(SSTG) as well as two 200 kW emergency 1033:A variety of anti-aircraft weapons on board 1007:had sixteen 5-inch (127 mm)/38 caliber 3213:Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships 3147:Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships 2990:Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships 2045:departed Pearl Harbor on 1 August. Joining 741:design was much shorter than the preceding 5005: 4991: 3722: 3708: 3604: 3590: 2966: 2141:, Massachusetts; she has been located in " 1945:and another two destroyers left the port. 1458:along with destroying the main radar set. 1051:20 mm (1 in) Oerlikon autocannon 863: 3191: 1398:repaired them. The battleship joined the 2785: 2783: 2235: 2160: 1993: 1836: 1655: 1265: 1245:class, which shared similar geometries. 1028: 1024: 988: 935: 754: 694: 3348: 3313: 3298: 3286: 3274: 3185: 3128: 3109: 3097: 2921: 2897: 2870: 2858: 2846: 2816: 2774: 2732: 2708: 2672: 2229:strikes on the Japanese main island of 1327:for repairs, which took about a month. 835:For half a century prior to laying the 222:44,519 long tons (45,233 t) (1942 5176: 3436: 3400: 3371: 3249:"French 380 mm/45 (14.96") Model 1935" 2945: 2933: 2274: 2087:attack Japanese shipping and airfields 2049:, she supported forces landing around 1431:in addition to forcing the battleship 1388:. Both ships were able to continue to 1188:Abreast of the 1.25-inch (32 mm) 1057:were added, in four quadruple mounts. 557:and had the same main battery of nine 5184:South Dakota-class battleships (1939) 4986: 3703: 3585: 3513: 3484: 3455: 2780: 2738: 2291: 2176:, the fourth and final member of the 440:: 11.3–17.3 in (287–439 mm) 3329: 3080: 2909: 2882: 2831: 2720: 2696: 2684: 2660: 2648: 2636: 2624: 2612: 2600: 2588: 2573: 2549: 2065:and was part of a force that struck 1959:, and at 10:05 a 16-inch shell from 1925:also severely damaged the destroyer 1273:anchored off Iceland on 24 June 1943 1055:40 mm (1.6 in) Bofors guns 984: 21:South Dakota-class battleship (1920) 3247:DiGiulian, Tony (3 November 2008). 2790:DiGiulian, Tony (25 January 2009). 2745:DiGiulian, Tony (22 October 2008). 2485:Struck 1 June 1962; Museum ship at 2305: 13: 3430: 3222:Naval History and Heritage Command 3156:Naval History and Heritage Command 2999:Naval History and Heritage Command 1497:and then the Pacific, arriving at 1414:Second Naval Battle of Guadalcanal 884:9.813 in (10.3 m) while 568:Construction began shortly before 518:. Four ships comprised the class: 14: 5205: 3543: 3041:Battleship Photo Index BB-57 USS 2341:New York Shipbuilding Corporation 2108:. 1 July saw the Third Fleet and 1289:New York Shipbuilding Corporation 1110:arrangements throughout the war. 858: 687:(43 km/h; 26 mph). The 259:108 ft 2 in (33 m) 72:New York Shipbuilding Corporation 2224:in October 1944. In early 1945, 1824: 1719:, which was in need of repairs. 1331:was then assigned to escort the 1303:on 20 March 1942. She went on a 1090:, while identical machinery for 816:ever built. The naval historian 762:under construction in April 1940 267:36 ft 2 in (11 m) 99: 31: 5013:Final generation of battleships 3552:, including many photos of the 3240: 3048: 3034: 3017: 2939: 2516: 1900:, missing one of her quadruple 1253: 931: 316:(50.9 km/h; 31.6 mph) 3550:"Post-Dreadnought Battleships" 2794:. navweaps.com. Archived from 2555: 2506: 2092:In February–early March 1945, 1597:on 2 September 1945; she left 1555:For the rest of World War II, 1192:(STS) outer hull plating, the 1142: 1082:provided the turbines for the 603: 1: 3323: 1967:, and put her out of action. 1064: 608: 387:16 in (406 mm) guns 2533: 2168:during her shakedown in 1942 1609:remained idle until she was 1579:(14 July and 9 August), and 1461:Partial repairs courtesy of 1408:and four destroyers to form 699:A preliminary design of the 588:were scrapped in the 1960s, 7: 2413:Bethlehem Steel Corporation 2262:was transferred to the USS 2189:. Beginning in March 1943, 2081:, and made forays into the 1861:Bethlehem Steel Corporation 1768:attack that started the war 1501:on 14 September. Moving to 1319:soon after arriving in the 926: 711:, then back in towards the 82:Bethlehem Steel Corporation 10: 5210: 2154: 2148: 1830: 1649: 1643: 1636:is on display outside the 1505:on 7 November, she joined 1259: 1248: 911:-class and the subsequent 812:class ships were the best 655:s were to be fixed in the 642:Second London Naval Treaty 559:16"/45 caliber Mark 6 guns 446:: 18 in (457 mm) 434:11.3 in (287 mm) 428:12.2 in (310 mm) 245:680 ft (207 m) ( 238:666 ft (203 m) ( 18: 5155: 5106: 5018: 4954: 4916:Motor torpedo boat tender 4846: 4732: 4704: 4585: 4530: 4447: 4422: 4395: 4340: 4201: 4118: 4051: 3982: 3962: 3872: 3817: 3790: 3735: 3684: 3658: 3622: 3330:Friedman, Norman (1986). 2457: 2401: 2365: 2329: 2324: 2321: 2318: 2315: 2312: 2309: 2304: 2301: 1833:USS Massachusetts (BB-59) 1737:. During this operation, 1626:Sioux Falls, South Dakota 1571:(24 March 19 April), the 674: 630:Chief of Naval Operations 186: 77:Newport News Shipbuilding 49: 30: 2499: 2487:Battleship Memorial Park 2269:Battleship Memorial Park 1583:on Honshū (29–30 July). 1262:USS South Dakota (BB-57) 1168:-class battleships, the 1159: 803:fast carrier task forces 452:16 in (406 mm) 411:20 mm (0.8 in) 402:40 mm (1.6 in) 4961:Completed after the war 3792:Light aircraft carriers 2453:, since 14 August 1965 1667:and the heavy cruisers 1323:and had to sail to the 1190:Special Treatment Steel 864:General characteristics 516:Washington Naval Treaty 393:5 in (127 mm) 301:4 × screws; 4 × geared 187:General characteristics 4946:Underway replenishment 3437:Miller, David (2004). 3028:10 August 2013 at the 2924:, pp. 92–93, 100. 2469:Norfolk Naval Shipyard 2381:Newport News, Virginia 2251: 2169: 2002: 1902:380 mm/45 caliber 1849: 1699:Newport News, Virginia 1684: 1325:Pearl Harbor Navy Yard 1295:, New Jersey. She was 1287:on 5 July 1939 by the 1274: 1045:. By March 1942, when 1037: 997: 944: 856: 763: 704: 87:Norfolk Naval Shipyard 3516:Warship International 3487:Warship International 3458:Warship International 3403:Warship International 3374:Warship International 2948:Warship International 2493:, since 11 June 1964 2421:Quincy, Massachusetts 2239: 2172:Construction work on 2164: 2055:Battle for Leyte Gulf 2041:Back on active duty, 1997: 1963:struck the destroyer 1886:and four destroyers, 1865:Quincy, Massachusetts 1840: 1779:invasion of Hollandia 1659: 1561:Puget Sound Navy Yard 1550:Marianas Turkey Shoot 1356:, where in escorting 1269: 1164:Unlike the preceding 1032: 1025:Anti-aircraft battery 992: 939: 833: 779:-class battlecruisers 758: 698: 634:Secretary of the Navy 44:, circa December 1942 4967:Single ship of class 4896:High-speed transport 2437:Struck 1 June 1962; 2243:in 2008 moored as a 2222:Battle of Leyte Gulf 1640:in Washington, D.C. 1573:Kamaishi Steel Works 1517:on 6 December 1943. 1507:Battleship Divisions 1367:On 30 October 1942, 1354:Battle of Santa Cruz 1075:Babcock & Wilcox 498:was a group of four 2936:, pp. 289–294. 2885:, pp. 303–305. 2417:Fore River Shipyard 2298: 2275:Conversion proposal 2254:On 9 January 1947, 2157:USS Alabama (BB-60) 2120:With the war over, 2034:. After bombarding 1953:sank the destroyer 1857:Fore River Shipyard 1652:USS Indiana (BB-58) 1587:was present at the 1526:amphibious assaults 1416:, they damaged the 1299:on 7 June 1941 and 626:William H. Standley 550:) as the preceding 479:Aviation facilities 5194:Battleship classes 3616:-class battleships 3314:Garzke & Dulin 3301:, pp. 86, 88. 3299:Garzke & Dulin 3287:Garzke & Dulin 3275:Garzke & Dulin 3186:Garzke & Dulin 3129:Garzke & Dulin 3112:, pp. 78, 82. 3110:Garzke & Dulin 3098:Garzke & Dulin 2922:Garzke & Dulin 2898:Garzke & Dulin 2871:Garzke & Dulin 2859:Garzke & Dulin 2847:Garzke & Dulin 2817:Garzke & Dulin 2775:Garzke & Dulin 2733:Garzke & Dulin 2709:Garzke & Dulin 2673:Garzke & Dulin 2576:, pp. 281–82. 2428:23 September 1941 2394:11 September 1947 2385:20 September 1939 2345:Camden, New Jersey 2297:Construction data 2296: 2292:Ships of the class 2252: 2170: 2003: 1850: 1819:Indiana University 1729:In November 1943, 1685: 1589:Surrender of Japan 1528:on islands within 1402:-class battleship 1342:Task Force (TF) 16 1307:in June after her 1275: 1038: 998: 996:5-inch gun battery 945: 886:metacentric height 814:treaty battleships 764: 715:. This meant that 705: 649:-class battleships 618:-class battleships 613:The preceding two 504:United States Navy 343:processing systems 279:water-tube boilers 107:United States Navy 5171: 5170: 4980: 4979: 4342:Destroyer escorts 3737:Aircraft carriers 3697: 3696: 3448:978-0-86288-677-6 3364:978-0-87021-099-0 3341:978-0-87021-715-9 3062:on 8 October 1999 2819:, pp. 94–95. 2711:, pp. 97–99. 2497: 2496: 2476:16 February 1942 2388:21 November 1941 2197:Later in August, 2063:Battle of Mindoro 1483:before escorting 1213:torpedo bulkheads 1137:diesel generators 1102:. Similar to the 1098:were provided by 1005:secondary battery 985:Secondary battery 596:were retained as 489: 488: 484:aircraft catapult 126:Succeeded by 5201: 5007: 5000: 4993: 4984: 4983: 4941:Submarine tender 4886:Destroyer tender 4861:Floating drydock 3863:Commencement Bay 3724: 3717: 3710: 3701: 3700: 3606: 3599: 3592: 3583: 3582: 3539: 3510: 3481: 3452: 3426: 3397: 3368: 3356: 3345: 3317: 3311: 3302: 3296: 3290: 3284: 3278: 3272: 3261: 3260: 3258: 3256: 3244: 3238: 3237: 3235: 3233: 3228:on 14 March 2004 3224:. Archived from 3204: 3189: 3183: 3172: 3171: 3169: 3167: 3162:on 15 March 2004 3158:. Archived from 3138: 3132: 3126: 3113: 3107: 3101: 3095: 3084: 3078: 3072: 3071: 3069: 3067: 3052: 3046: 3038: 3032: 3021: 3015: 3014: 3012: 3010: 3001:. Archived from 2981: 2964: 2963: 2943: 2937: 2931: 2925: 2919: 2913: 2907: 2901: 2895: 2886: 2880: 2874: 2868: 2862: 2856: 2850: 2844: 2835: 2829: 2820: 2814: 2808: 2807: 2805: 2803: 2787: 2778: 2772: 2759: 2758: 2756: 2754: 2742: 2736: 2730: 2724: 2718: 2712: 2706: 2700: 2694: 2688: 2682: 2676: 2670: 2664: 2658: 2652: 2646: 2640: 2634: 2628: 2622: 2616: 2610: 2604: 2598: 2592: 2586: 2577: 2571: 2565: 2564:. Ch II, Part 4. 2559: 2553: 2547: 2527: 2520: 2514: 2510: 2473:1 February 1940 2358:31 January 1947 2307: 2299: 2295: 2211: 2028:Caroline Islands 1788: 1756: 1725: 1692: 1638:U.S. Navy Museum 1511:Battle of Tarawa 1333:aircraft carrier 1305:shakedown cruise 1282: 1080:General Electric 895: 882: 820:stated that the 500:fast battleships 465:Aircraft carried 105: 103: 102: 42:Casco Bay, Maine 35: 28: 27: 5209: 5208: 5204: 5203: 5202: 5200: 5199: 5198: 5174: 5173: 5172: 5167: 5151: 5102: 5014: 5011: 4981: 4976: 4950: 4936:Seaplane tender 4906:Ice cream barge 4848:Auxiliary ships 4842: 4728: 4700: 4581: 4526: 4443: 4418: 4397:Patrol frigates 4391: 4336: 4324:Robert H. Smith 4317:Allen M. Sumner 4197: 4114: 4047: 3978: 3958: 3868: 3819:Escort carriers 3813: 3786: 3731: 3728: 3698: 3693: 3680: 3654: 3618: 3610: 3546: 3449: 3433: 3431:Further reading 3365: 3342: 3326: 3321: 3320: 3312: 3305: 3297: 3293: 3285: 3281: 3273: 3264: 3254: 3252: 3245: 3241: 3231: 3229: 3218:Navy Department 3208:"Massachusetts" 3206: 3205: 3192: 3184: 3175: 3165: 3163: 3152:Navy Department 3140: 3139: 3135: 3127: 3116: 3108: 3104: 3096: 3087: 3079: 3075: 3065: 3063: 3054: 3053: 3049: 3039: 3035: 3030:Wayback Machine 3022: 3018: 3008: 3006: 2995:Navy Department 2983: 2982: 2967: 2944: 2940: 2932: 2928: 2920: 2916: 2908: 2904: 2896: 2889: 2881: 2877: 2869: 2865: 2857: 2853: 2845: 2838: 2830: 2823: 2815: 2811: 2801: 2799: 2798:on 30 June 2013 2788: 2781: 2773: 2762: 2752: 2750: 2743: 2739: 2731: 2727: 2719: 2715: 2707: 2703: 2695: 2691: 2683: 2679: 2671: 2667: 2659: 2655: 2647: 2643: 2635: 2631: 2623: 2619: 2611: 2607: 2599: 2595: 2587: 2580: 2572: 2568: 2560: 2556: 2548: 2541: 2536: 2531: 2530: 2521: 2517: 2511: 2507: 2502: 2491:Mobile, Alabama 2482:9 January 1947 2479:16 August 1942 2443:Battleship Cove 2322:Decommissioned 2294: 2277: 2209: 2159: 2153: 2143:Battleship Cove 2083:South China Sea 2057:, Okinawa, and 1869:Operation Torch 1844:cruising at 15 1835: 1829: 1786: 1754: 1723: 1690: 1654: 1648: 1530:Kwajalein Atoll 1467:' crew allowed 1384:contact with a 1315:; she struck a 1280: 1264: 1258: 1251: 1162: 1145: 1133:turbogenerators 1067: 1027: 987: 973:muzzle velocity 934: 929: 893: 880: 866: 861: 818:Norman Friedman 677: 624:s, but Admiral 611: 606: 470:OS2U Kingfisher 342: 272:Installed power 196:Fast battleship 100: 98: 45: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5207: 5197: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5169: 5168: 5166: 5165: 5159: 5157: 5153: 5152: 5150: 5149: 5146:Sovetsky Soyuz 5142: 5135: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5110: 5108: 5104: 5103: 5101: 5100: 5093: 5086: 5079: 5072: 5065: 5062:North Carolina 5058: 5051: 5044: 5037: 5030: 5022: 5020: 5016: 5015: 5010: 5009: 5002: 4995: 4987: 4978: 4977: 4975: 4974: 4971: 4968: 4965: 4962: 4959: 4955: 4952: 4951: 4949: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4858: 4852: 4850: 4844: 4843: 4841: 4840: 4833: 4826: 4819: 4812: 4805: 4798: 4791: 4784: 4777: 4770: 4763: 4756: 4749: 4744: 4738: 4736: 4730: 4729: 4727: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4710: 4708: 4702: 4701: 4699: 4698: 4691: 4684: 4677: 4670: 4663: 4656: 4649: 4642: 4635: 4628: 4621: 4614: 4607: 4602: 4597: 4591: 4589: 4583: 4582: 4580: 4579: 4572: 4565: 4558: 4551: 4544: 4536: 4534: 4528: 4527: 4525: 4524: 4517: 4510: 4503: 4496: 4489: 4482: 4475: 4468: 4461: 4453: 4451: 4445: 4444: 4442: 4441: 4436: 4428: 4426: 4420: 4419: 4417: 4416: 4409: 4401: 4399: 4393: 4392: 4390: 4389: 4386:John C. Butler 4382: 4375: 4368: 4361: 4354: 4346: 4344: 4338: 4337: 4335: 4334: 4327: 4320: 4313: 4306: 4299: 4292: 4285: 4278: 4271: 4264: 4257: 4250: 4243: 4236: 4229: 4222: 4215: 4207: 4205: 4199: 4198: 4196: 4195: 4188: 4181: 4174: 4167: 4160: 4153: 4146: 4139: 4132: 4124: 4122: 4116: 4115: 4113: 4112: 4107: 4100: 4093: 4086: 4079: 4072: 4065: 4057: 4055: 4053:Light cruisers 4049: 4048: 4046: 4045: 4038: 4031: 4024: 4017: 4010: 4003: 3996: 3988: 3986: 3984:Heavy cruisers 3980: 3979: 3977: 3976: 3968: 3966: 3964:Large cruisers 3960: 3959: 3957: 3956: 3949: 3942: 3935: 3932:North Carolina 3928: 3921: 3914: 3907: 3900: 3893: 3886: 3878: 3876: 3870: 3869: 3867: 3866: 3859: 3852: 3845: 3838: 3831: 3823: 3821: 3815: 3814: 3812: 3811: 3804: 3796: 3794: 3788: 3787: 3785: 3784: 3777: 3770: 3763: 3756: 3749: 3741: 3739: 3733: 3732: 3727: 3726: 3719: 3712: 3704: 3695: 3694: 3692: 3691: 3685: 3682: 3681: 3679: 3678: 3669: 3665:North Carolina 3659: 3656: 3655: 3653: 3652: 3645: 3638: 3631: 3623: 3620: 3619: 3609: 3608: 3601: 3594: 3586: 3580: 3579: 3574: 3569: 3554:North Carolina 3545: 3544:External links 3542: 3541: 3540: 3522:(4): 373–422. 3511: 3482: 3464:(4): 363–391. 3453: 3447: 3432: 3429: 3428: 3427: 3409:(4): 395–435. 3398: 3380:(3): 273–309. 3369: 3363: 3346: 3340: 3325: 3322: 3319: 3318: 3303: 3291: 3279: 3262: 3239: 3190: 3173: 3133: 3114: 3102: 3085: 3083:, p. 421. 3073: 3047: 3033: 3016: 2985:"South Dakota" 2965: 2954:(3): 226–237. 2938: 2926: 2914: 2912:, p. 406. 2902: 2900:, p. 100. 2887: 2875: 2863: 2851: 2849:, p. 101. 2836: 2834:, p. 294. 2821: 2809: 2779: 2760: 2749:. navweaps.com 2737: 2725: 2723:, p. 448. 2713: 2701: 2689: 2687:, p. 307. 2677: 2665: 2663:, p. 293. 2653: 2651:, p. 291. 2641: 2639:, p. 290. 2629: 2627:, p. 286. 2617: 2615:, p. 285. 2605: 2603:, p. 283. 2593: 2591:, p. 282. 2578: 2566: 2554: 2552:, p. 281. 2538: 2537: 2535: 2532: 2529: 2528: 2515: 2504: 2503: 2501: 2498: 2495: 2494: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2466: 2463: 2455: 2454: 2435: 2434:27 March 1947 2432: 2429: 2426: 2423: 2410: 2407: 2399: 2398: 2395: 2392: 2391:30 April 1942 2389: 2386: 2383: 2374: 2371: 2363: 2362: 2359: 2356: 2355:20 March 1942 2353: 2350: 2347: 2338: 2335: 2327: 2326: 2323: 2320: 2317: 2314: 2311: 2308: 2303: 2293: 2290: 2276: 2273: 2203:US Third Fleet 2155:Main article: 2152: 2147: 2145:" ever since. 1873:heavy cruisers 1831:Main article: 1828: 1823: 1745:collided with 1650:Main article: 1647: 1642: 1615:Naval Register 1437:and destroyer 1400:North Carolina 1260:Main article: 1257: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1234:North Carolina 1221:North Carolina 1198:Krupp cemented 1166:North Carolina 1161: 1158: 1144: 1141: 1128:17 mph). 1104:North Carolina 1066: 1063: 1026: 1023: 994:Massachusetts' 986: 983: 965:superstructure 957:North Carolina 933: 930: 928: 925: 921:North Carolina 909:North Carolina 865: 862: 860: 859:Specifications 857: 842:North Carolina 791:North Carolina 787:North Carolina 768:North Carolina 743:North Carolina 731:North Carolina 676: 673: 661:North Carolina 653:North Carolina 622:North Carolina 616:North Carolina 610: 607: 605: 602: 563:North Carolina 553:North Carolina 487: 486: 480: 476: 475: 466: 462: 461: 460: 459: 453: 447: 441: 435: 429: 421: 417: 416: 415: 414: 407: 398: 389: 381: 377: 376: 375: 374: 356: 351: 344: 338: 337: 334: 330: 329: 322: 318: 317: 310: 306: 305: 303:steam turbines 299: 295: 294: 293: 292: 281: 273: 269: 268: 265: 261: 260: 257: 253: 252: 251: 250: 243: 234: 230: 229: 228: 227: 220: 203: 199: 198: 193: 189: 188: 184: 183: 180: 176: 175: 172: 168: 167: 164: 160: 159: 156: 152: 151: 148: 144: 143: 140: 136: 135: 127: 123: 122: 118:North Carolina 114: 110: 109: 96: 92: 91: 90: 89: 84: 79: 74: 67: 63: 62: 56: 52: 51: 50:Class overview 47: 46: 36: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5206: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5181: 5179: 5164: 5161: 5160: 5158: 5154: 5148: 5147: 5143: 5141: 5140: 5136: 5134: 5133: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5116: 5112: 5111: 5109: 5105: 5099: 5098: 5094: 5092: 5091: 5087: 5085: 5084: 5080: 5078: 5077: 5073: 5071: 5070: 5066: 5064: 5063: 5059: 5057: 5056: 5052: 5050: 5049: 5048:King George V 5045: 5043: 5042: 5038: 5036: 5035: 5031: 5029: 5028: 5024: 5023: 5021: 5017: 5008: 5003: 5001: 4996: 4994: 4989: 4988: 4985: 4972: 4969: 4966: 4963: 4960: 4957: 4956: 4953: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4902: 4899: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4881:Combat stores 4879: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4857: 4854: 4853: 4851: 4849: 4845: 4839: 4838: 4834: 4832: 4831: 4827: 4825: 4824: 4820: 4818: 4817: 4813: 4811: 4810: 4806: 4804: 4803: 4799: 4797: 4796: 4792: 4790: 4789: 4785: 4783: 4782: 4778: 4776: 4775: 4771: 4769: 4768: 4764: 4762: 4761: 4757: 4755: 4754: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4739: 4737: 4735: 4731: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4711: 4709: 4707: 4703: 4697: 4696: 4692: 4690: 4689: 4685: 4683: 4682: 4678: 4676: 4675: 4671: 4669: 4668: 4664: 4662: 4661: 4657: 4655: 4654: 4650: 4648: 4647: 4643: 4641: 4640: 4636: 4634: 4633: 4629: 4627: 4626: 4622: 4620: 4619: 4615: 4613: 4612: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4592: 4590: 4588: 4584: 4578: 4577: 4573: 4571: 4570: 4566: 4564: 4563: 4559: 4557: 4556: 4552: 4550: 4549: 4545: 4543: 4542: 4538: 4537: 4535: 4533: 4529: 4523: 4522: 4518: 4516: 4515: 4511: 4509: 4508: 4504: 4502: 4501: 4497: 4495: 4494: 4490: 4488: 4487: 4483: 4481: 4480: 4476: 4474: 4473: 4469: 4467: 4466: 4462: 4460: 4459: 4455: 4454: 4452: 4450: 4446: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4434: 4430: 4429: 4427: 4425: 4421: 4415: 4414: 4410: 4408: 4407: 4403: 4402: 4400: 4398: 4394: 4388: 4387: 4383: 4381: 4380: 4376: 4374: 4373: 4369: 4367: 4366: 4362: 4360: 4359: 4355: 4353: 4352: 4348: 4347: 4345: 4343: 4339: 4333: 4332: 4328: 4326: 4325: 4321: 4319: 4318: 4314: 4312: 4311: 4307: 4305: 4304: 4300: 4298: 4297: 4293: 4291: 4290: 4286: 4284: 4283: 4279: 4277: 4276: 4272: 4270: 4269: 4265: 4263: 4262: 4258: 4256: 4255: 4251: 4249: 4248: 4244: 4242: 4241: 4237: 4235: 4234: 4230: 4228: 4227: 4223: 4221: 4220: 4216: 4214: 4213: 4209: 4208: 4206: 4204: 4200: 4194: 4193: 4189: 4187: 4186: 4182: 4180: 4179: 4175: 4173: 4172: 4168: 4166: 4165: 4164:St. Augustine 4161: 4159: 4158: 4154: 4152: 4151: 4147: 4145: 4144: 4140: 4138: 4137: 4133: 4131: 4130: 4126: 4125: 4123: 4121: 4117: 4111: 4108: 4106: 4105: 4101: 4099: 4098: 4094: 4092: 4091: 4087: 4085: 4084: 4080: 4078: 4077: 4073: 4071: 4070: 4066: 4064: 4063: 4059: 4058: 4056: 4054: 4050: 4044: 4043: 4039: 4037: 4036: 4032: 4030: 4029: 4025: 4023: 4022: 4018: 4016: 4015: 4011: 4009: 4008: 4004: 4002: 4001: 3997: 3995: 3994: 3990: 3989: 3987: 3985: 3981: 3975: 3974: 3970: 3969: 3967: 3965: 3961: 3955: 3954: 3950: 3948: 3947: 3943: 3941: 3940: 3936: 3934: 3933: 3929: 3927: 3926: 3922: 3920: 3919: 3915: 3913: 3912: 3908: 3906: 3905: 3901: 3899: 3898: 3894: 3892: 3891: 3887: 3885: 3884: 3880: 3879: 3877: 3875: 3871: 3865: 3864: 3860: 3858: 3857: 3853: 3851: 3850: 3846: 3844: 3843: 3839: 3837: 3836: 3832: 3830: 3829: 3825: 3824: 3822: 3820: 3816: 3810: 3809: 3805: 3803: 3802: 3798: 3797: 3795: 3793: 3789: 3783: 3782: 3778: 3776: 3775: 3771: 3769: 3768: 3764: 3762: 3761: 3757: 3755: 3754: 3750: 3748: 3747: 3743: 3742: 3740: 3738: 3734: 3725: 3720: 3718: 3713: 3711: 3706: 3705: 3702: 3690: 3687: 3686: 3683: 3677: 3675: 3671:Followed by: 3670: 3668: 3666: 3662:Preceded by: 3661: 3660: 3657: 3651: 3650: 3646: 3644: 3643: 3642:Massachusetts 3639: 3637: 3636: 3632: 3630: 3629: 3625: 3624: 3621: 3617: 3615: 3607: 3602: 3600: 3595: 3593: 3588: 3587: 3584: 3578: 3575: 3573: 3570: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3548: 3547: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3493:(1): 77–105. 3492: 3488: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3454: 3450: 3444: 3440: 3435: 3434: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3404: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3370: 3366: 3360: 3355: 3354: 3347: 3343: 3337: 3333: 3328: 3327: 3316:, p. 88. 3315: 3310: 3308: 3300: 3295: 3289:, p. 86. 3288: 3283: 3277:, p. 85. 3276: 3271: 3269: 3267: 3250: 3243: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3214: 3209: 3203: 3201: 3199: 3197: 3195: 3188:, p. 84. 3187: 3182: 3180: 3178: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3148: 3143: 3137: 3131:, p. 82. 3130: 3125: 3123: 3121: 3119: 3111: 3106: 3100:, p. 78. 3099: 3094: 3092: 3090: 3082: 3077: 3061: 3057: 3051: 3045: 3044: 3037: 3031: 3027: 3024: 3020: 3005:on 4 May 2004 3004: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2991: 2986: 2980: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2942: 2935: 2930: 2923: 2918: 2911: 2906: 2899: 2894: 2892: 2884: 2879: 2873:, p. 94. 2872: 2867: 2861:, p. 93. 2860: 2855: 2848: 2843: 2841: 2833: 2828: 2826: 2818: 2813: 2797: 2793: 2786: 2784: 2777:, p. 89. 2776: 2771: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2748: 2741: 2735:, p. 95. 2734: 2729: 2722: 2717: 2710: 2705: 2699:, p. 98. 2698: 2693: 2686: 2681: 2675:, p. 71. 2674: 2669: 2662: 2657: 2650: 2645: 2638: 2633: 2626: 2621: 2614: 2609: 2602: 2597: 2590: 2585: 2583: 2575: 2570: 2563: 2558: 2551: 2546: 2544: 2539: 2525: 2519: 2509: 2505: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2481: 2478: 2475: 2472: 2470: 2467: 2464: 2462: 2461: 2456: 2452: 2451:Massachusetts 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2433: 2430: 2427: 2425:20 July 1939 2424: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2411: 2408: 2406: 2405: 2404:Massachusetts 2400: 2396: 2393: 2390: 2387: 2384: 2382: 2378: 2375: 2372: 2370: 2369: 2364: 2360: 2357: 2354: 2351: 2348: 2346: 2342: 2339: 2336: 2334: 2333: 2328: 2319:Commissioned 2300: 2289: 2286: 2282: 2272: 2270: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2232: 2227: 2223: 2218: 2214: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2195: 2192: 2188: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2167: 2163: 2158: 2151: 2146: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2131: 2130:Massachusetts 2127: 2126:Hampton Roads 2123: 2122:Massachusetts 2118: 2115: 2114:Massachusetts 2111: 2110:Massachusetts 2107: 2103: 2099: 2098:Massachusetts 2095: 2094:Massachusetts 2090: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2075:Typhoon Cobra 2072: 2071:Massachusetts 2068: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2047:Task Force 38 2044: 2043:Massachusetts 2039: 2037: 2036:Ponape Island 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2020:Massachusetts 2017: 2012: 2008: 2007:Massachusetts 2000: 1999:Massachusetts 1996: 1992: 1990: 1989:Massachusetts 1986: 1985: 1980: 1979: 1974: 1973:Massachusetts 1970: 1966: 1962: 1961:Massachusetts 1958: 1957: 1952: 1948: 1947:Massachusetts 1944: 1943: 1937: 1936:Massachusetts 1932: 1930: 1929: 1924: 1923:Massachusetts 1920: 1916: 1915:Massachusetts 1912: 1908: 1907:Massachusetts 1903: 1899: 1898: 1893: 1889: 1888:Massachusetts 1885: 1884: 1879: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1853:Massachusetts 1847: 1843: 1842:Massachusetts 1839: 1834: 1827: 1826:Massachusetts 1822: 1820: 1815: 1810: 1808: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1785: 1780: 1776: 1771: 1769: 1765: 1764:Majuro Lagoon 1761: 1753: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1727: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1705: 1700: 1696: 1689: 1682: 1678: 1677: 1672: 1671: 1666: 1665:Massachusetts 1662: 1658: 1653: 1646: 1641: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1618: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1603:Reserve Fleet 1600: 1596: 1595: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1553: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1538:anti-aircraft 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1518: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1487: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1465: 1459: 1457: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1441: 1436: 1435: 1430: 1429: 1424: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1406: 1401: 1397: 1396: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1365: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1321:Tonga Islands 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1285:keel was laid 1279: 1272: 1268: 1263: 1256: 1246: 1244: 1239: 1235: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1209: 1206: 1201: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1186: 1183: 1178: 1176: 1171: 1167: 1157: 1153: 1150: 1140: 1138: 1134: 1129: 1126: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1112:Massachusetts 1107: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1088:Massachusetts 1085: 1081: 1076: 1072: 1062: 1058: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1036: 1031: 1022: 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360: 357: 355: 352: 350: 347: 346: 345: 340: 339: 335: 332: 331: 327: 323: 320: 319: 315: 311: 308: 307: 304: 300: 297: 296: 290: 287:(97,000 286: 283:130,000 282: 280: 276: 275: 274: 271: 270: 266: 263: 262: 258: 255: 254: 248: 244: 241: 237: 236: 235: 232: 231: 225: 221: 218: 214: 211:(35,980 210: 206: 205: 204: 201: 200: 197: 194: 191: 190: 185: 181: 178: 177: 173: 170: 169: 165: 162: 161: 157: 154: 153: 149: 147:In commission 146: 145: 141: 138: 137: 134: 132: 128: 125: 124: 121: 119: 115: 112: 111: 108: 97: 94: 93: 88: 85: 83: 80: 78: 75: 73: 70: 69: 68: 65: 64: 60: 57: 54: 53: 48: 43: 39: 34: 29: 26: 22: 5145: 5138: 5131: 5121:Design A-150 5114: 5096: 5089: 5083:South Dakota 5082: 5081: 5075: 5068: 5061: 5054: 5047: 5040: 5033: 5026: 4836: 4829: 4822: 4815: 4808: 4801: 4794: 4787: 4780: 4773: 4766: 4759: 4752: 4694: 4687: 4680: 4673: 4666: 4659: 4652: 4644: 4638: 4631: 4623: 4617: 4609: 4575: 4568: 4561: 4554: 4547: 4540: 4532:Minesweepers 4520: 4513: 4506: 4499: 4492: 4485: 4478: 4471: 4464: 4457: 4432: 4424:Patrol boats 4412: 4404: 4385: 4378: 4371: 4364: 4357: 4350: 4330: 4323: 4316: 4309: 4302: 4295: 4288: 4281: 4274: 4267: 4260: 4253: 4246: 4239: 4232: 4225: 4218: 4211: 4191: 4184: 4177: 4170: 4163: 4157:Williamsburg 4156: 4149: 4142: 4135: 4128: 4103: 4096: 4089: 4082: 4075: 4068: 4061: 4041: 4034: 4027: 4020: 4013: 4006: 3999: 3992: 3972: 3952: 3945: 3939:South Dakota 3938: 3937: 3931: 3924: 3917: 3910: 3904:Pennsylvania 3903: 3896: 3889: 3882: 3862: 3855: 3848: 3841: 3834: 3827: 3807: 3801:Independence 3800: 3780: 3773: 3766: 3759: 3752: 3745: 3673: 3664: 3648: 3641: 3634: 3628:South Dakota 3627: 3614:South Dakota 3613: 3612: 3565: 3561: 3558:South Dakota 3557: 3553: 3519: 3515: 3490: 3486: 3461: 3457: 3438: 3406: 3402: 3377: 3373: 3352: 3331: 3294: 3282: 3253:. Retrieved 3242: 3230:. Retrieved 3226:the original 3211: 3164:. Retrieved 3160:the original 3145: 3136: 3105: 3076: 3064:. Retrieved 3060:the original 3050: 3043:South Dakota 3042: 3036: 3019: 3007:. Retrieved 3003:the original 2988: 2951: 2947: 2941: 2929: 2917: 2905: 2878: 2866: 2854: 2812: 2800:. Retrieved 2796:the original 2751:. Retrieved 2740: 2728: 2716: 2704: 2692: 2680: 2668: 2656: 2644: 2632: 2620: 2608: 2596: 2569: 2561: 2557: 2524:South Dakota 2523: 2518: 2508: 2459: 2431:12 May 1942 2403: 2367: 2352:7 June 1941 2349:5 July 1939 2332:South Dakota 2331: 2285:South Dakota 2284: 2281:South Dakota 2280: 2278: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2253: 2240: 2225: 2216: 2215: 2206: 2198: 2196: 2190: 2187:South Dakota 2186: 2181: 2178:South Dakota 2177: 2173: 2171: 2165: 2149: 2129: 2121: 2119: 2113: 2109: 2097: 2093: 2091: 2070: 2042: 2040: 2019: 2006: 2004: 1998: 1988: 1983: 1977: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1946: 1941: 1935: 1933: 1927: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1896: 1887: 1882: 1876: 1852: 1851: 1841: 1825: 1813: 1811: 1806: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1792: 1783: 1774: 1772: 1759: 1751: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1735:South Dakota 1734: 1730: 1728: 1720: 1717:South Dakota 1716: 1712: 1708: 1703: 1687: 1686: 1681:South Dakota 1680: 1675: 1669: 1664: 1660: 1644: 1634:South Dakota 1633: 1622:memorialized 1620:The ship is 1619: 1607:South Dakota 1606: 1593: 1585:South Dakota 1584: 1557:South Dakota 1556: 1554: 1534:South Dakota 1533: 1519: 1515:Nauru Island 1485: 1477:South Dakota 1476: 1469:South Dakota 1468: 1463: 1460: 1453:fire control 1449:South Dakota 1448: 1439: 1433: 1427: 1421: 1404: 1399: 1394: 1376: 1369:South Dakota 1368: 1366: 1362:South Dakota 1361: 1357: 1344:; joined by 1336: 1329:South Dakota 1328: 1313:Panama Canal 1301:commissioned 1278:South Dakota 1277: 1276: 1271:South Dakota 1270: 1255:South Dakota 1254: 1242: 1238:South Dakota 1237: 1233: 1232:whereas the 1228: 1225:South Dakota 1224: 1220: 1210: 1205:South Dakota 1204: 1202: 1194:South Dakota 1193: 1187: 1182:South Dakota 1181: 1174: 1170:South Dakota 1169: 1165: 1163: 1154: 1149:South Dakota 1148: 1146: 1130: 1124: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1108: 1103: 1100:Westinghouse 1095: 1091: 1087: 1084:South Dakota 1083: 1073:s had eight 1071:South Dakota 1070: 1068: 1059: 1047:South Dakota 1046: 1039: 1035:South Dakota 1034: 1019: 1014:rate of fire 1001:South Dakota 1000: 999: 993: 956: 949:South Dakota 948: 946: 941:South Dakota 940: 932:Main battery 920: 917:South Dakota 916: 915:-class, the 912: 908: 902: 897: 891:South Dakota 890: 877: 870:South Dakota 869: 867: 852:South Dakota 851: 847: 841: 836: 834: 826: 822:South Dakota 821: 809: 807: 795: 790: 786: 783: 776: 772:South Dakota 771: 767: 765: 760:South Dakota 759: 748: 742: 739:South Dakota 738: 735: 730: 713:armored deck 706: 701:South Dakota 700: 678: 660: 657:South Dakota 656: 652: 646: 638: 621: 615: 612: 598:museum ships 593: 589: 585: 582:South Dakota 581: 570:World War II 567: 562: 552: 538: 532: 526: 521:South Dakota 520: 494:South Dakota 493: 492: 490: 409:67 × single 370: 366: 363:South Dakota 362: 341:Sensors and 324:15,000 202:Displacement 130: 117: 59:South Dakota 58: 37: 25: 5126:H proposals 5076:Scharnhorst 5019:Constructed 4866:Repair dock 4734:Cargo ships 4479:Miantonomah 4035:Oregon City 4014:New Orleans 4000:Northampton 3874:Battleships 3828:Long Island 2934:Morss 2006a 2439:Museum ship 2245:museum ship 2135:museum ship 2106:Minamidaitō 1340:as part of 1309:fitting out 1227:system was 1143:Electronics 961:superfiring 604:Development 574:Fiscal Year 473:floatplanes 391:16 or 20 × 385:3 × triple 336:1,793–2,634 113:Preceded by 5178:Categories 4911:Net laying 4856:Ammunition 4587:Submarines 4449:Minelayers 4203:Destroyers 4136:Sacramento 4042:Des Moines 3911:New Mexico 3856:Casablanca 3324:References 3251:. NavWeaps 2447:Fall River 2313:Laid down 2302:Ship name 2139:Fall River 2051:Leyte Gulf 1951:Tuscaloosa 1942:Primauguet 1892:Casablanca 1890:sailed to 1877:Tuscaloosa 1762:sailed to 1743:Washington 1491:Home Fleet 1481:sea trials 1479:underwent 1464:Prometheus 1410:TF 64 1405:Washington 1358:Enterprise 1350:TF 61 1346:TF 17 1337:Enterprise 1317:coral reef 1065:Propulsion 1043:autocannon 969:propellant 689:belt armor 609:Background 508:40th state 333:Complement 298:Propulsion 5069:Richelieu 5034:Dunkerque 4973:Cancelled 4795:Aldebaran 4760:Andromeda 4724:T3 tanker 4719:T2 tanker 4714:T1 tanker 4611:Barracuda 4576:Admirable 4507:Weehawken 4472:Monadnock 4406:Asheville 4143:Asheville 4104:Worcester 4083:Cleveland 4028:Baltimore 3993:Pensacola 3918:Tennessee 3746:Lexington 3528:0043-0374 3499:0043-0374 3470:0043-0374 3415:0043-0374 3386:0043-0374 3142:"Indiana" 2960:0043-0374 2534:Citations 2316:Launched 2032:Hollandia 1969:Primaguet 1919:Jean Bart 1911:Jean Bart 1897:Jean Bart 1812:In 1947, 1704:Kearsarge 1613:from the 1599:Tokyo Bay 1581:Hamamatsu 1565:gunpowder 1536:provided 1522:Roi-Namur 1434:Kirishima 1386:submarine 1373:destroyer 874:waterline 777:Lexington 665:flagships 544:long tons 512:the first 438:Barbettes 432:Bulkheads 240:waterline 224:full load 209:long tons 179:Preserved 155:Completed 150:1942–1947 142:1939–1942 95:Operators 5107:Designed 5090:Vanguard 5055:Littorio 5027:Bismarck 4901:Hospital 4871:Barracks 4823:Denebola 4767:Arcturus 4674:Mackerel 4646:Porpoise 4639:Cachalot 4618:Argonaut 4514:Camanche 4379:Rudderow 4310:Fletcher 4240:Farragut 4219:Caldwell 4150:Plymouth 4120:Gunboats 4069:Brooklyn 4007:Portland 3925:Colorado 3890:New York 3849:Sangamon 3760:Yorktown 3568:classes. 3536:44893194 3507:44894073 3478:44894843 3423:44895932 3394:44894181 3081:Friedman 3026:Archived 2910:Friedman 2883:Friedman 2832:Friedman 2721:Friedman 2697:Friedman 2685:Friedman 2661:Friedman 2649:Friedman 2637:Friedman 2625:Friedman 2613:Friedman 2601:Friedman 2589:Friedman 2574:Friedman 2550:Friedman 2310:Builder 2306:Hull no. 2079:Lingayen 2001:underway 1978:Brooklyn 1956:Fougueux 1663:leading 1611:stricken 1594:Missouri 1473:overhaul 1445:scuttled 1418:cruisers 1392:, where 1371:and the 1297:launched 1175:Colorado 1086:and the 927:Armament 380:Armament 359:SR radar 354:SK radar 349:SC radar 217:standard 171:Scrapped 66:Builders 5139:Montana 4876:Collier 4809:Acubens 4788:Alstede 4781:Tolland 4774:Artemis 4753:Haskell 4747:Victory 4742:Liberty 4706:Tankers 4632:Dolphin 4625:Narwhal 4541:Lapwing 4439:PT boat 4358:Buckley 4331:Gearing 4303:Gleaves 4261:Gridley 4233:Clemson 4212:Sampson 4129:Dubuque 4076:Atlanta 4021:Wichita 3953:Montana 3883:Wyoming 3835:Charger 3649:Alabama 3635:Indiana 3566:Montana 3255:30 June 3232:30 June 3009:30 June 2802:30 June 2753:30 June 2460:Alabama 2368:Indiana 2264:Alabama 2260:Alabama 2256:Alabama 2241:Alabama 2226:Alabama 2217:Alabama 2207:Alabama 2199:Alabama 2191:Alabama 2182:Alabama 2174:Alabama 2166:Alabama 2150:Alabama 2059:Formosa 1984:Augusta 1883:Wichita 1859:of the 1814:Indiana 1807:Indiana 1802:Indiana 1798:Indiana 1794:Indiana 1784:Indiana 1775:Indiana 1760:Indiana 1752:Indiana 1747:Indiana 1739:Indiana 1731:Indiana 1721:Indiana 1713:Indiana 1709:Indiana 1688:Indiana 1670:Chicago 1661:Indiana 1645:Indiana 1591:aboard 1569:Okinawa 1495:Norfolk 1440:Ayanami 1249:Service 1125:Alabama 1120:Indiana 1116:Alabama 1096:Alabama 1092:Indiana 1009:Mark 12 878:Indiana 681:turrets 594:Alabama 586:Indiana 578:sorties 572:, with 539:Alabama 527:Indiana 444:Turrets 413:AA guns 405:AA guns 396:DP guns 371:Alabama 367:Indiana 207:35,412 163:Retired 38:Alabama 5163:K-1000 5115:Alsace 5097:Yamato 4931:Repair 4921:Reefer 4830:Hyades 4816:Arctic 4667:Tambor 4653:Salmon 4493:Keokuk 4486:Terror 4465:Wassuc 4458:Oglala 4433:Action 4413:Tacoma 4372:Edsall 4365:Cannon 4351:Evarts 4296:Benson 4282:Benham 4275:Somers 4268:Bagley 4247:Porter 4226:Wickes 4110:CL-154 4097:Juneau 3973:Alaska 3897:Nevada 3808:Saipan 3781:Midway 3753:Ranger 3534: 3526: 3505: 3497: 3476: 3468: 3445: 3421: 3413: 3392: 3384: 3361: 3338: 3166:1 July 3066:1 July 2958: 2465:BB-60 2409:BB-59 2373:BB-58 2337:BB-57 2249:Mobile 2231:Kyushu 2102:Louise 2067:Manila 2011:Nouméa 1773:After 1676:Quincy 1577:Honshu 1546:Tinian 1542:Saipan 1486:Ranger 1456:radars 1443:to be 1395:Vestal 1390:Nouméa 1293:Camden 953:Mark 6 749:Nagato 717:shells 675:Design 628:, the 536:, and 233:Length 104: 4926:Oiler 4891:Depot 4837:Mizar 4802:Adria 4695:Tench 4688:Balao 4660:Sargo 4562:Eagle 4548:Raven 4521:Chimo 4500:Salem 4254:Mahan 4192:PGM-9 4185:PGM-1 4171:Vixen 4090:Fargo 4062:Omaha 3842:Bogue 3774:Essex 3676:class 3667:class 3532:JSTOR 3503:JSTOR 3474:JSTOR 3419:JSTOR 3390:JSTOR 2500:Notes 2325:Fate 2210:' 2016:Nauru 1965:Milan 1928:Milan 1846:knots 1787:' 1755:' 1724:' 1691:' 1632:from 1630:screw 1499:Efate 1428:Atago 1422:Takao 1382:sonar 1377:Mahan 1281:' 1177:class 1160:Armor 978:train 905:skegs 894:' 881:' 844:class 829:class 703:class 685:knots 555:class 496:class 456:Decks 420:Armor 400:76 × 321:Range 314:knots 312:27.5 309:Speed 264:Draft 139:Built 133:class 120:class 61:class 5156:Hoax 5132:Lion 5041:Iowa 4681:Gato 4569:Hawk 4289:Sims 4178:Erie 3946:Iowa 3767:Wasp 3674:Iowa 3564:and 3562:Iowa 3524:ISSN 3495:ISSN 3466:ISSN 3443:ISBN 3411:ISSN 3382:ISSN 3359:ISBN 3336:ISBN 3257:2009 3234:2009 3168:2009 3068:2009 3011:2009 2956:ISSN 2952:LVII 2804:2009 2755:2009 2030:and 2024:Guam 1981:and 1949:and 1917:hit 1880:and 1673:and 1544:and 1503:Fiji 1425:and 1243:Iowa 1229:less 1203:The 1147:The 1114:and 1094:and 1069:The 947:The 913:Iowa 868:The 848:Iowa 837:Iowa 827:Iowa 709:keel 647:Iowa 592:and 584:and 565:s. 491:The 482:1 × 468:2 × 426:Belt 369:and 277:8 × 256:Beam 192:Type 131:Iowa 55:Name 4555:Auk 2489:in 2445:in 2441:at 2247:in 2137:in 2085:to 1863:in 1697:in 1624:at 1575:on 1291:of 1217:TNT 793:s. 326:nmi 285:shp 247:o/a 215:) ( 40:in 5180:: 3560:, 3556:, 3530:. 3520:41 3518:. 3501:. 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