766:
intra-clan relationships have been a question that has occupied the Sotho-Tswana since the split that occurred between the followers of
Mohurutshe and Kwena. While it is generally accepted that the Hurutshe are the senior clan, some of the other clans have disputed this, mainly the Bafokeng, Barolong, and Bakgatla. The claims of the Barolong and Bakgatla have mainly been dismissed; for example, some subclans of Bakgatla, like the Bakgatla ba GaMmakau, acknowledge the Bahurutshe as senior, while the BaKagatla ba ga Kgafela do not. In the case of the Barolong, the Batlhaping, who are an offshoot of the Barolong, acknowledge the Bahurutshe to be senior to the Barolong, while the Barolong do not. The Bafokeng maintain that their split from the core Sotho-Tswana body predated the split between Mohurutshe and Kwena, and therefore they are equal in status to the Bahurutshe, if not senior.
752:
Bangwaketse, and
Bafokeng of Phokeng. In distinguishing between subclans, an example is the Bakgatla, who separated into Bakgatla ba Kgafela and Bakgatla ba ga Mmakau over who should lead the clan. One faction defied the usual tradition of male leaders and acknowledged the female, Mmakau, as their kgosi. Those who supported Kgafela then broke away. Further offshoots from the Bakgatla are the Bakgatla ba Mmanaana, Bakgatla ba Mmakau, and Bakgatla ba Motsha, who all have the kgabo as their totem. The Bakgatla ba Mmakau would later give rise to Bapedi, BaKholokoe, Batlokwa, BaPhuti and Basia clans If a dispute were to arise between any of the offshoot clans, like the Basia and Baphiti, then the Mmakau chief would be tasked with resolving it as their senior.
2335:
297:
50:
738:
Sotho-Tswana society, this is not as strictly observed. Each morafe or sechaba had its own totem. When naming a clan, the name of the founder or the animal they venerate could be used. An example is the
Bahurutshe, named after the founder Mohurutshe; alternatively, they can also be called Batshweneng after the tshwene (baboon), which they venerate; similarly, Batlhako after the founder; or Batloung after the totem. For some clans, the name of the founder and their totem are the same, like the Bakwena and Bataung, where the founders were named Kwena (crocodile) and Tau (lion), respectively.
305:
770:
the most senior chief closest to them would be invited to resolve it. Another important factor was that a senior chief or members of his clan could not be summoned to the Kgotla by a junior kgosi or clan member. An additional factor in this question of rank and seniority is that it was determined by birth and could not be changed; this means a chief born of minor status could not change his standing relative to the other chiefs. This was mainly to discourage the split up of clans into further sub-clans and the buildup of clans through conquest and warfare.
784:
78:
198:
140:
118:
180:
96:
158:
535:
2087:
765:
As the Sotho-Tswana lived in large villages, seniority and rank also played a part here. The chief's homestead is situated at the center of the village, and thereafter the other citizens are grouped according to rank, with the most junior members living the furthest from the village center. Inter and
450:
The Sotho-Tswana ethnic group derives its name from the people who belong to the various Sotho and Tswana clans that live in southern Africa. Historically, all members of the group were referred to as Sothos; the name is now exclusively applied to speakers of
Southern Sotho who live mainly in Lesotho
760:
The question of rank and seniority is one that is very important to the Sotho-Tswana. It determines a lot, from family relationships, to village matters to relationships between clans and between the different tribal groups. In a family situation, the issue of rank determines when a son will undergo
769:
These disputes over seniority and rank were driven by the quest for benefits and independence, a senior kgosi could demand a payment of tribute from a junior chief, and they could also summon a junior chief or member of his clan to kgotla for a hearing. If a dispute arose between two junior chiefs,
496:
The use of the word has always been part of the vocabulary of the Sotho-Tswana nation. The word became ascribed to a specific people due to regional conflicts: different Bantu clans split from their ancestor clans and took the name of their leader as their identity, but naturally, in essence, every
545:
Unlike the Nguni people, who predominantly settled in coastal areas, the Sotho-Tswana found their home in the highlands of South Africa, specifically in the region known as the
Highveld. This region is situated between the coastal lowlands to the east and south and the Kalahari Desert to the west.
512:
The ethnonym
Batswana is thought to be an anantonym that comes from the meaning of the Sotho-Tswana word "tswa", which means "to come out of". The name would be derived from the word "Ba ba tswang" eventually shortened to the word Batswana meaning "The Separatists" or alternatively "the people who
751:
An important distinction that needs to be made when discussing Sotho-Tswana clans is to distinguish between the different clans and the various sub-clans below them. This means distinguishing between clans that share the same totem, like the crocodile, but are distinct, such as the Bapo, Bakwena,
737:
In Sotho-Tswana society, each member has a totem, which is usually an animal. Totems are inherited from the father and thus pass like an
English surname. The totem animal had traditionally had a status of veneration and avoidance; in particular, it was important not to eat one's totem. In modern
571:
Throughout the 19th century and into the middle of the 20th century, various
African groups gradually migrated into the Sotho-Tswana territories, establishing settlements and states. Notable among these were the Transvaal and the Orange Free State. The British Empire later laid claim to these
558:
The 19th century marked a significant period of change for the Sotho-Tswana territories due to the expansion of the Nguni people, known as the
Mfecane. This expansion prompted local groups to consolidate and form the first states within the region. Notable among these emerging states were the
526:
The Sotho-Tswana are a cultural and ethnic group whose ancestors arrived in
Botswana and South Africa around 200–500 AD, they are descendents of the khoi people who in Sesotho(Southern Sotho) are known as Baroa. By the 15th century, the Sotho-Tswana people had begun to disperse throughout the
2088:"The Eastern Sotho: A tribal, historical, and linguistic survey (with ethnographic notes) of the Pai, Kutswe, and Pulana Bantu tribes of the Pilgrim's Rest district of the Transvaal Province, Union of South Africa. By D. Ziervogel. Pretoria: van Schaik, 1954. Pp. ix + 215, map. 25s"
484:
Despite the derogatory origins of the term, the Pedi adopted it with pride. They took the name with pride. Other Sotho-speaking groups who also wore breechcloths adopted the term as well, and it eventually came to be used to refer to all Sotho people.
549:
The Sotho-Tswana predominantly inhabited the highlands and steppes, resulting in a relatively lower population density than the Nguni. They were also less reliant on agriculture, instead practicing a mixed economy of farming, herding, and hunting.
402:
supported by wooden pillars on the outside. Other major distinguishing features included their dress of skin cloaks and a preference for dense and close settlements, as well as a tradition of large-scale building in stone.
385:
The Sotho-Tswana people would have diversified into their current arrangement during the course of the 2nd millennium, but they retain a number of linguistic and cultural characteristics that distinguish them from other
572:
territories, resulting in conflicts with local populations. Eventually, the British defeated the indigenous African groups, and the areas under their control were divided among different territories. South Africa,
480:
called the Bapedi "Abashuntu" because they wore breechcloths made of animal skins tied in knots to cover their private parts. The word "Abashuntu" comes from the verb "uku shunta," which means "to make a knot."
587:
This complex historical process shaped the cultural and political landscape of the Sotho-Tswana territories, contributing to the formation of diverse states and the interaction between various ethnic groups.
666:
Any Sotho-Tswana clan that inhabits the Kalahari Desert basin and its eastern and south-western peripheries, unless they are the Kgalagari people, who are a different Sotho-Tswana group of tribes.
300:
Map showing the proportion of the South African population that speaks a Sotho-Tswana group language (Sotho, Northern Sotho or Tswana) at home, from the 2011 census broken down to ward level.
2183:
663:
Members of the Sotho-Tswana clans that reside in Botswana, South Africa, speak a standardized dialect of the Sotho-Tswana called Setswana, sometimes also referred to as the Western Sotho.
504:
The term Basotho is now used as a term of pride and unity for the Sotho people. It is a reminder of their shared history and culture and their determination to resist oppression.
493:
The Basotho name is thought to be derived from the word "sootho", "brown" , which means the ones with dark/brown melanin. "Ba sootho" directly translates to "They are brown".
563:, migrated extensively to the north and established their own state in what is now Zambia. During their rule, the language of the conquerors, Lozi, gained prominence in Zambia.
1573:– South African cricketer, debut for South Africa in November 2014 and by July 2018 he had topped both the ICC ODI bowler rankings and the ICC Test bowler rankings aged 22
2279:
761:
initiation, or receive an inheritance. A further distinction is also made between the senior wife and the junior wife if a man is in a polygamous marriage.
2253:
953:
2460:
1063:
2158:
1050:– the first black South African, and the sixth South African to sign a professional baseball contract when he signed in October 2008
398:
a pre-emptive right of men to marry their maternal cousins, and an architectural style characterized by a round hut with a conical
1296:– South African television presenter, actor, fashion designer, speaker, model, voice over artist, philanthropist and entrepreneur
1186:
981:
933:
513:
cannot hold together". One of the chief characteristics of the Sotho-Tswana clans is their tendency to break up and hive off.
2421:
2402:
2443:
2329:
1887:
1522:– South African cricketer, fast bowler who has played for South Africa, currently cricket National Convenor of Selectors
2378:
2359:
1083:
1041:
2283:
810:
476:
The term Basotho may have originated as a derogatory term used by the Swazi to refer to the Pedi in the 1400s. The
1579:- South African cricketer. Youngest South African man to play international cricket, at 18 years, 137 days old.
442:, Pai, and others. The Sotho-Tswana are said to contain some Khoe-San ancestry with levels as high as >20%.
1314:– South African comedian, actress, TV personality, and writer. Current presenter of "Dirage" on Motsweding Fm
250:
1393:– South African football former player and coach – current manager of Al Ahly in the Egyptian Premier League
1194:– South African actor. He starred in the film Tsotsi, which won the Academy Award for Foreign Language Film
1117:
and their Swazi allies, then unsuccessfully against the British and Swazi in 1879 during the Sekukuni Wars.
17:
2334:
2257:
1640:– Trade unionist, member of the ANC and General Secretary of SACTU, Robben Island prisoner, banned person
296:
1960:
1748:– South African businessman, appointed CEO of Transnet in February 2011, and CEO of Eskom in April 2015
1025:– South African anti-apartheid activist and one of the eight men sentenced to life imprisonment at the
911:
875:
727:
355:
218:
531:. Over the next few centuries, the Sotho-Tswana people continued to disperse and form new chiefdoms.
1709:
1177:
937:
905:
866:
826:
573:
49:
2010:
853:– South African anti-apartheid activist, Member of Parliament. And the current President of the COPE
1137:
456:
1764:– South Africa politician, former Minister of Transport and Minister of Energy from 2009 to 2013
1248:– Botswana born South African businessman, actor, film producer and co-founder of Ferguson Films
2387:
1507:
1290:– South African kwaito musician, songwriter and actor. He was a member of the kwaito trio TKZee
1114:
1059:
1985:
1833:
1755:
1558:
895:
885:
804:
660:
Members of the eight major Sotho-Tswana clans as defined in the Chieftainship Act of Botswana
619:
452:
1107:– American basketball player. His father Patrick Sefolosha was a musician from South Africa.
2414:
The Last Frontier War:Braklaagte and the Battle for Land Before, During and After Apartheid
1281:
1941:
1824:– Former Chief (Kgosi) of the Kwena – a major Tswana tribe (morafe) in modern-day Botswana
1818:– First Lady of South Africa as the wife of Cyril Ramaphosa, the President of South Africa
304:
8:
2444:
https://ia601506.us.archive.org/6/items/bantupastpresent00mole/bantupastpresent00mole.pdf
2330:
https://ia601506.us.archive.org/6/items/bantupastpresent00mole/bantupastpresent00mole.pdf
2133:
1637:
1191:
1031:
1016:
459:
is reserved for Sotho speakers that inhabit north-eastern South Africa, predominantly in
2115:
1073:
986:
891:
816:
2417:
2398:
2374:
2355:
2107:
1803:
1703:
1502:
1489:
1341:
1092:
1069:
1037:
1004:
881:
862:
856:
1610:– Organiser of the African National Congress (ANC) Women's League and Trade Unionist
434:. A fifth cluster is sometimes referred to as the Eastern Sotho and consists of the
2216:
2099:
1791:
1673:
1531:
1453:
1422:
1323:
1263:
1087:
1022:
1010:
871:
431:
1113:– son of King Sekwati. He fought two wars: first successfully in 1876 against the
783:
2305:
1827:
1809:
1773:
1727:
1685:
1543:
1537:
1525:
1519:
1513:
1484:
1475:
1466:
1457:
1409:
1317:
1287:
1269:
1239:
1203:
1182:
1104:
1098:
1095:– Former Director at World Bank. Former principal of the University of Cape Town.
949:
901:
844:
439:
351:
226:
2342:
2325:
2061:
1628:– former premier of Free State and former chancellor of University of Free State
2280:"Determination on Batlokwa ba Mota paramountcy | South African Government"
1815:
1797:
1739:
1594:
1564:
1549:
1498:
1462:
1405:
1390:
1384:
1299:
1293:
1245:
1215:
1209:
1079:
971:
959:
850:
654:
Any member of the Sotho-Tswana clans that trace their origins to Kgosi Mokgatle
347:
288:
222:
2454:
2111:
1912:
1846:
1715:
1691:
1679:
1655:
1625:
1607:
1576:
1570:
1553:
1493:
1480:
1448:
1439:
1435:
1426:
1414:
1400:
1396:
1347:
1335:
1329:
1275:
1251:
1233:
1143:
1026:
929:
923:
917:
838:
822:
798:
622:
and Lesotho speak a standardised dialect of the Sotho-Tswana language called
611:
Members of the Sotho-Tswana clans that came together under the leadership of
560:
498:
427:
419:
387:
280:
234:
230:
129:
1800:– Prominent South African businessman, physician and anti-apartheid activist
608:
Any member of the Sotho-Tswana clans that trace their origin to Kgosi Mogale
2430:
2208:
1851:
1785:
1779:
1761:
1745:
1721:
1697:
1667:
1661:
1619:
1471:
1173:
1053:
998:
992:
977:
965:
792:
612:
477:
407:
367:
343:
276:
272:
258:
107:
83:
2220:
2036:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1767:
1751:
1733:
1597:– Commonwealth 800 metres silver medalist. 4x4 Commonwealth gold medalist
1431:
1418:
1365:
1359:
1353:
1311:
1284:– South African actress, model, media socialite, businesswoman and singer
1221:
1197:
1167:
1155:
1120:
1047:
832:
577:
423:
415:
411:
169:
54:
Top left, Sotho; Top right, Pedi; Bottom left, Tswana; Bottom right, Lozi
2119:
1942:""Origins" of the Sotho-Tswana peoples and the history of the Batswana"
1305:
1149:
943:
581:
284:
203:
2352:
Language and Social History: Studies in South African Sociolinguistics
1948:: 8 – via ISSN 0256-2804 = Africa Insight, vol. 18, no. 2, 1988.
1601:
2254:"Determination on Bapedi paramountcy | South African Government"
1794:– South African judge and former Deputy Chief Justice of South Africa
1649:
1643:
1631:
1613:
1588:
1582:
1444:
1227:
1161:
539:
399:
2103:
1821:
1124:
1110:
952:– South African businessmen and founder and first president of the
648:
640:
534:
528:
435:
379:
359:
145:
123:
2215:, Basler Afrika Bibliographien, pp. 15–35, 29 December 2010,
1836:– South African student activist and black consciousness militant
1257:
1013:– Minister of Health, South Africa and nephew of Elias Motsoaledi
644:
623:
460:
375:
363:
185:
101:
559:
Basotho, Bapedi, and Tswana. One group of Basotho, known as the
1688:– Paramount chief (kgosi) of the Batlharo tribe of South Africa
1019:– South African political activist and wife of Elias Motsoaledi
675:
The term Northern Sotho can be used to refer to the following:
635:
The term Tswana can be used to refer to one of the following:
395:
391:
371:
254:
246:
163:
1634:– Botswana former High Court judge, author, activist, Minister
697:
The term Eastern Sotho can be used to refer to the following:
657:
Citizen of Botswana, regardless of linguistic or ethnic origin
605:
Citizen of Lesotho, regardless of linguistic or ethnic origin
2388:
http://www.namibian.org/travel/namibia/population/tswana.htm
1230:– famous artist and composer of the popular song Jerusalema.
859:– South African radio personality and broadcasting executive
1371:
2134:"Bantu-speaker migration and admixture in southern Africa"
1374:– aka Game Goabaone Bantsi, Botswana born Setswana rapper
601:
The term Basotho can be used to refer to the following:
584:(now Lesotho) emerged as distinct geopolitical entities.
354:. They are a large and diverse group of people who speak
1320:– aka Refiloe Maele Phoolo, South African hip hop artist
1622:– first premier of Northern Cape province, South Africa
342:, although the term is now closely associated with the
2368:
1278:– South African stand-up comedian, actor and director
713:
The term Lozi can be used to refer to the following:
1742:– Former South African Constitutional Court Justice
1602:
Politics, royalty, activism, business and economics
1176:– South African actor and Member of Parliament for
1552:– Former South African footballer and chairman of
1362:– Journalist, producer, author and radio presenter
1308:– South African journalist, TV and radio presenter
1266:– American rapper, father is Keorapetse Kgositsile
1616:– Former Kgosi (paramount chief) of the Ngwaketse
1185:– South African musician and 1/3 of Kwaito group
2452:
2411:
2349:
1888:"Tour the Free State's Basotho Cultural Village"
920:– South African Anglican Archbishop of Cape Town
406:The group mainly consists of four clusters: the
1254:– Botswana born South African radio personality
626:and sometimes referred to as the Southern Sotho
390:of southern Africa. These are features such as
1812:– South African billionaire mining businessman
954:National African Federated Chamber of Commerce
741:
2343:https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/9335117
2326:https://repository.up.ac.za/handle/2263/77107
1986:"Tswana - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics"
1670:– Botswana lawyer, businessman and politician
1064:Minister of Rural Development and Land Reform
1034:– writer, educationist, artist, and activist.
2392:
2306:"Profile: South Africa's Kgalema Motlanthe"
1001:– Former South Africa National Soccer Coach
1788:– one of the ANC Presidents (1949 to 1952)
980:– former politician. Former leader of the
48:
2241:A short history of the Bakgatla ba Kafela
1958:
932:– political leader. Former leader of the
2431:http://mphebathomuseum.org.za/?q=node/42
2333:
2213:The Politics of a South African Frontier
2085:
1939:
1540:– retired South African football player
1260:– American singer with Setswana ancestry
782:
639:All the Tswana clans residing either in
618:The Sotho-Tswana clans that stay in the
533:
303:
295:
2371:The Image of God Among the Sotho-Tswana
1885:
1736:– South African politician and academic
1718:– South African politician and minister
1664:– South African politician and activist
1152:– Canadian-born actor of Sotho ancestry
41:
14:
2453:
2395:Mining the Future – The Bafokeng Story
2239:André Croucamp and Bea Roberts (2011)
2209:"The Sotho-Tswana Peoples before 1800"
2011:"The Sotho/ Tswana people of Zimbabwe"
1350:– aka Tumelo Kepadisa, Setswana rapper
374:. Smaller groups can also be found in
358:. The group is predominantly found in
1913:"The Basotho - South African Culture"
1242:– Botswana born South African actress
1212:– athlete, Olympic Games medal winner
308:Dominant languages in South Africa.
2461:Sotho-Tswana peoples in South Africa
1935:
1933:
1694:– Former President of Bophuthatswana
995:– former premier of Limpopo province
488:
70:Regions with significant populations
65:unknown; roughly 18–20 million
1776:– King of the Royal Bafokeng Nation
962:– third premier of Limpopo province
956:(NAFCOC). Born in Lenyeye, Tzaneen.
150:980 000 (Tswana, Sotho & Lozi)
24:
2437:
2184:"The Origin of the Basotho Nation"
1961:"The 11 languages of South Africa"
1782:– South African political activist
1546:– Former world 800 metres champion
1368:– Former Miss World First Princess
847:– Former Prime Minister of Lesotho
841:– Former Prime Minister of Lesotho
835:– Former Prime Minister of Lesotho
829:, Former Premier of the Free State
819:– Former Prime Minister of Lesotho
507:
25:
2472:
2397:. Royal Bafokeng Administration.
1930:
1585:– Former South African footballer
1561:– Former South African footballer
1528:– Former South African footballer
1302:– South African media personality
773:
755:
746:
670:
596:
566:
538:A Sotho-Tswana settlement called
466:
27:Meta-ethnicity of southern Africa
2354:. New Africa Books. p. 49.
1959:Alexander, Mary (1 April 2023).
946:– King of the Pedi (1879 – 1883)
692:
521:
196:
178:
156:
138:
116:
94:
76:
2298:
2272:
2246:
2233:
2201:
2176:
2151:
2126:
1534:– South African football player
1492:– Retired footballer, Coach of
813:– the queen consort of Lesotho
795:, Founder of the Basotho nation
591:
471:
2369:Setiloane, Gabriel M. (1976).
2079:
2054:
2029:
2003:
1978:
1952:
1905:
1879:
1700:– Second President of Botswana
1652:– Fourth President of Botswana
1200:– South African hip hop artist
1127:Queen and leader (1784 – 1847)
908:, born in Ga-Mphahlele village
807:– Reigning King of the Basotho
13:
1:
1872:
1806:– South African businesswoman
1730:– Chief Justice, South Africa
1724:– Third President of Botswana
1658:– First President of Botswana
1465:– Former football player for
1447:– Former football player for
1434:– Former football player for
1417:– Former football player for
1408:– Former football player for
926:– premier of Gauteng Province
811:Queen 'Masenate Mohato Seeiso
787:Queen 'Masenate Mohato Seeiso
251:Traditional African religions
2308:. BBC News. 13 December 2012
1716:Naledi Pandor (née Matthews)
1399:– Former football coach for
936:. Commander in Chief of the
801:, Paramount Chief of Lesotho
262:(Molimo or Molimu in Silozi)
7:
2243:, Totem Media (Pty)Ltd, p 1
2086:Westphal, E. (April 1956).
1886:Getaway (8 February 2021).
1840:
825:– Secretary General of the
742:Sotho-Tswana Clans and Rank
732:
553:
445:
10:
2477:
1940:Cornwell, Richard (1988).
1830:– South African politician
1770:– South African politician
1712:– South African politician
1682:– South African politician
1676:– South African politician
1591:– South African footballer
1567:– South African footballer
1516:– South African footballer
1510:– South African footballer
1086:, former MEC of Health in
1056:– anti-apartheid activist.
1040:– former President of the
912:Malegapuru William Makgoba
904:– second President of the
876:South African Reserve Bank
728:List of Sotho-Tswana clans
725:
721:
516:
370:, and the western part of
190:10 000 (Tswana & Lozi)
2412:Kobus du Pisani. (2010).
2350:Mesthrie, Rajend (1995).
1178:Economic Freedom Fighters
938:Economic Freedom Fighters
906:African National Congress
867:President of South Africa
827:African National Congress
630:
576:(now known as Botswana),
271:
266:
245:
240:
217:
212:
194:
176:
154:
136:
114:
92:
74:
69:
64:
59:
47:
42:Basotho, Bapedi, Batswana
40:
2416:. Rozenberg Publishers.
2373:. Taylor & Francis.
2041:Encyclopedia Britannica
1706:– President of Botswana
1356:– South African actress
1332:– South African actress
1236:– South African actress
1158:– South African actress
1138:Joshua Pulumo Mohapeloa
1111:King Matsebe Sekhukhune
1042:Pan Africanist Congress
708:
455:in South Africa, while
414:(which consists of the
2338:
2062:"South Africa - Sotho"
1758:province, South Africa
1508:Reneilwe Letsholonyane
1501:– Football player for
1483:– Football player for
1474:– Football player for
1456:– Football player for
1338:– musician and actress
1326:– South African artist
1272:– Former Miss Universe
1170:– South African dancer
1146:– South African singer
1060:Maite Nkoana-Mashabane
788:
542:
356:Sotho-Tswana languages
344:Southern Sotho peoples
327:
301:
219:Sotho–Tswana languages
128:2.160 million (mostly
106:2.130 million (mostly
2393:Totem Media. (2010).
2337:
2221:10.2307/j.ctvh9vxvb.8
1990:www.sciencedirect.com
1834:Abram Onkgopotse Tiro
1756:premier of North West
1559:Kaizer Motaung Junior
1387:– Athlete (Long jump)
1344:– South African actor
896:Zion Christian Church
886:Zion Christian Church
786:
580:(now in Zambia), and
537:
501:people is a Mosotho.
307:
299:
267:Related ethnic groups
2159:"free online course"
1965:South Africa Gateway
1282:Gail Nkoane Mabalane
615:during the Difaqane.
325: Northern Sotho
313: Southern Sotho
1638:John Taolo Gaetsewe
1192:Presley Chweneyagae
1164:– Lesotho Jazz band
1017:Caroline Motsoaledi
527:southern Transvaal
453:Free State province
37:
2339:
2286:on 21 October 2014
2260:on 21 October 2014
1646:– King of Botswana
1084:Minister of Health
1074:premier of Limpopo
987:Lydia Mokgokoloshi
892:Engenas Lekganyane
874:– Governor of the
817:Pakalitha Mosisili
789:
543:
334:also known as the
328:
302:
35:
2423:978-9-03610-090-8
2404:978-1-77009-824-4
2066:countrystudies.us
1917:southafrica.co.za
1804:Bridgette Motsepe
1704:Mokgweetsi Masisi
1503:Mamelodi Sundowns
1490:Lehlohonolo Seema
1342:Rapulana Seiphemo
1093:Mamphela Ramphele
1070:Ngoako Ramatlhodi
1038:Letlapa Mphahlele
1005:Mathole Motshekga
882:Edward Lekganyane
863:Kgalema Motlanthe
857:Hlaudi Motsoeneng
489:Skin color origin
422:and others), the
294:
293:
16:(Redirected from
2468:
2446:
2441:
2427:
2408:
2384:
2365:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2282:. Archived from
2276:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2256:. Archived from
2250:
2244:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2138:academic.oup.com
2130:
2124:
2123:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2037:"Sotho | people"
2033:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2017:. 8 October 2022
2007:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1937:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1892:Getaway Magazine
1883:
1792:Dikgang Moseneke
1674:Supra Mahumapelo
1532:Dikgang Mabalane
1454:Lebohang Mokoena
1423:Blackburn Rovers
1324:Hip Hop Pantsula
1264:Thebe Kgositsile
1224:– famous artist.
1140:– Music composer
1088:Gauteng Province
1032:Es'kia Mphahlele
1023:Elias Motsoaledi
1011:Aaron Motsoaledi
982:ANC Youth League
934:ANC Youth League
894:-the founder of
872:Lesetja Kganyago
324:
318:
312:
202:
200:
199:
184:
182:
181:
162:
160:
159:
144:
142:
141:
122:
120:
119:
100:
98:
97:
82:
80:
79:
60:Total population
52:
38:
34:
21:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2465:
2451:
2450:
2449:
2442:
2438:
2424:
2405:
2381:
2362:
2322:
2321:
2311:
2309:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2289:
2287:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2263:
2261:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2238:
2234:
2225:
2223:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2192:
2190:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2167:
2165:
2163:www.unisa.ac.za
2157:
2156:
2152:
2142:
2140:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2104:10.2307/1156850
2084:
2080:
2070:
2068:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2045:
2043:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2020:
2018:
2015:The Sunday News
2009:
2008:
2004:
1994:
1992:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1969:
1967:
1957:
1953:
1938:
1931:
1921:
1919:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1896:
1894:
1884:
1880:
1875:
1843:
1828:Molefi Sefularo
1810:Patrice Motsepe
1774:Leruo Molotlegi
1728:Mogoeng Mogoeng
1686:Toto Makgolokwe
1604:
1544:Amantle Montsho
1538:Marks Maponyane
1526:Lucky Lekgwathi
1520:Victor Mpitsang
1514:Itumeleng Khune
1485:Orlando Pirates
1476:Orlando Pirates
1467:Moroka Swallows
1458:Moroka Swallows
1410:Orlando Pirates
1318:Cassper Nyovest
1288:Kabelo Mabalane
1270:Mpule Kwelagobe
1240:Connie Ferguson
1204:Caiphus Semenya
1183:Kabelo Mabalane
1105:Thabo Sefolosha
1099:Sello Rasethaba
950:Richard Maponya
902:Sefako Makgatho
845:Leabua Jonathan
776:
764:
758:
749:
744:
735:
730:
724:
711:
695:
673:
651:or South Africa
633:
599:
594:
569:
556:
524:
519:
510:
508:Tswana Ethnonym
491:
474:
469:
448:
352:Southern Africa
326:
322:
320:
316:
314:
310:
261:
221:
197:
195:
179:
177:
157:
155:
139:
137:
117:
115:
95:
93:
77:
75:
55:
43:
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2474:
2464:
2463:
2448:
2447:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2422:
2409:
2403:
2390:
2385:
2379:
2366:
2360:
2320:
2319:
2297:
2271:
2245:
2232:
2200:
2175:
2150:
2125:
2098:(2): 203–204.
2078:
2053:
2028:
2002:
1977:
1951:
1929:
1904:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1831:
1825:
1819:
1816:Tshepo Motsepe
1813:
1807:
1801:
1798:Nthato Motlana
1795:
1789:
1783:
1777:
1771:
1765:
1759:
1749:
1743:
1740:Yvonne Mokgoro
1737:
1731:
1725:
1719:
1713:
1707:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1671:
1665:
1659:
1653:
1647:
1641:
1635:
1629:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1595:Baboloki Thebe
1592:
1586:
1580:
1574:
1568:
1565:Katlego Mphela
1562:
1556:
1550:Kaizer Motaung
1547:
1541:
1535:
1529:
1523:
1517:
1511:
1505:
1499:Lebohang Maboe
1496:
1487:
1478:
1469:
1463:Jacob Lekgetho
1460:
1451:
1442:
1429:
1412:
1406:Steve Lekoelea
1403:
1394:
1391:Pitso Mosimane
1388:
1385:Khotso Mokoena
1376:
1375:
1369:
1363:
1357:
1351:
1345:
1339:
1333:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1309:
1303:
1300:Bonang Matheba
1297:
1294:Maps Maponyane
1291:
1285:
1279:
1273:
1267:
1261:
1255:
1249:
1246:Shona Ferguson
1243:
1237:
1231:
1225:
1219:
1216:Judith Sephuma
1213:
1210:Caster Semenya
1207:
1201:
1195:
1189:
1180:
1171:
1165:
1159:
1153:
1147:
1141:
1129:
1128:
1118:
1108:
1102:
1096:
1090:
1080:Gwen Ramokgopa
1077:
1067:
1066:, South Africa
1057:
1051:
1045:
1035:
1029:
1020:
1014:
1008:
1002:
996:
990:
984:
975:
972:Kenneth Meshoe
969:
963:
960:Cassel Mathale
957:
947:
941:
927:
921:
915:
909:
899:
889:
879:
869:
860:
854:
851:Mosiuoa Lekota
848:
842:
836:
830:
820:
814:
808:
802:
796:
775:
774:Notable people
772:
757:
756:Clan Seniority
754:
748:
747:Clan Structure
745:
743:
740:
734:
731:
723:
720:
719:
718:
710:
707:
706:
705:
702:
694:
691:
690:
689:
686:
683:
680:
672:
671:Northern Sotho
669:
668:
667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
652:
632:
629:
628:
627:
616:
609:
606:
598:
597:Southern Sotho
595:
593:
590:
568:
567:Modern history
565:
555:
552:
523:
520:
518:
515:
509:
506:
490:
487:
473:
470:
468:
467:Sotho Ethnonym
465:
457:Northern Sotho
447:
444:
412:Northern Sotho
408:Southern Sotho
388:Bantu-speakers
348:meta-ethnicity
321:
315:
309:
292:
291:
289:Khoisan people
269:
268:
264:
263:
243:
242:
238:
237:
215:
214:
210:
209:
206:
192:
191:
188:
174:
173:
166:
152:
151:
148:
134:
133:
126:
112:
111:
104:
90:
89:
88:15.585 million
86:
72:
71:
67:
66:
62:
61:
57:
56:
53:
45:
44:
31:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2473:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2445:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2419:
2415:
2410:
2406:
2400:
2396:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2382:
2380:90-6191-007-2
2376:
2372:
2367:
2363:
2361:0-86486-280-6
2357:
2353:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2336:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2307:
2301:
2285:
2281:
2275:
2259:
2255:
2249:
2242:
2236:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2204:
2189:
2185:
2179:
2164:
2160:
2154:
2139:
2135:
2129:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2082:
2067:
2063:
2057:
2042:
2038:
2032:
2016:
2012:
2006:
1991:
1987:
1981:
1966:
1962:
1955:
1947:
1943:
1936:
1934:
1918:
1914:
1908:
1893:
1889:
1882:
1878:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1847:Tswana people
1845:
1844:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1692:Lucas Mangope
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1680:Mmusi Maimane
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1656:Seretse Khama
1654:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1626:Winkie Direko
1624:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1608:Frances Baard
1606:
1605:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1577:Kwena Maphaka
1575:
1572:
1571:Kagiso Rabada
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1554:Kaizer Chiefs
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1494:Chippa United
1491:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1481:Ben Motshwari
1479:
1477:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1449:Kaizer Chiefs
1446:
1443:
1441:
1440:Bafana Bafana
1437:
1436:Kaizer Chiefs
1433:
1430:
1428:
1427:Portsmouth FC
1424:
1420:
1416:
1415:Aaron Mokoena
1413:
1411:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1401:Bafana Bafana
1398:
1397:Molefi Ntseki
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1348:Tuks Senganga
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1336:Dolly Rathebe
1334:
1331:
1330:Manaka Ranaka
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1276:Kagiso Lediga
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1234:Katlego Danke
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1132:Entertainment
1126:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1101:– businessman
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1027:Rivonia Trial
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
985:
983:
979:
976:
973:
970:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
951:
948:
945:
942:
939:
935:
931:
930:Julius Malema
928:
925:
924:David Makhura
922:
919:
918:Thabo Makgoba
916:
913:
910:
907:
903:
900:
897:
893:
890:
887:
883:
880:
877:
873:
870:
868:
864:
861:
858:
855:
852:
849:
846:
843:
840:
839:Ntsu Mokhehle
837:
834:
831:
828:
824:
823:Ace Magashule
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
799:Moshoeshoe II
797:
794:
791:
790:
785:
781:
780:
771:
767:
762:
753:
739:
729:
716:
715:
714:
703:
700:
699:
698:
693:Eastern Sotho
687:
684:
681:
678:
677:
676:
665:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
646:
642:
638:
637:
636:
625:
621:
617:
614:
610:
607:
604:
603:
602:
589:
585:
583:
579:
575:
564:
562:
551:
547:
541:
536:
532:
530:
522:Early history
514:
505:
502:
500:
494:
486:
482:
479:
464:
462:
458:
454:
443:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
410:(Sotho), the
409:
404:
401:
397:
393:
389:
383:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
332:Sotho-Tswana,
306:
298:
290:
286:
282:
281:Tsonga people
278:
274:
270:
265:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
239:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
211:
207:
205:
193:
189:
187:
175:
171:
167:
165:
153:
149:
147:
135:
131:
127:
125:
113:
109:
105:
103:
91:
87:
85:
73:
68:
63:
58:
51:
46:
39:
30:
19:
2439:
2413:
2394:
2370:
2351:
2340:
2328:20.
2323:
2310:. Retrieved
2300:
2288:. Retrieved
2284:the original
2274:
2262:. Retrieved
2258:the original
2248:
2240:
2235:
2224:, retrieved
2212:
2203:
2191:. Retrieved
2187:
2178:
2166:. Retrieved
2162:
2153:
2141:. Retrieved
2137:
2128:
2095:
2091:
2081:
2069:. Retrieved
2065:
2056:
2044:. Retrieved
2040:
2031:
2019:. Retrieved
2014:
2005:
1993:. Retrieved
1989:
1980:
1968:. Retrieved
1964:
1954:
1945:
1920:. Retrieved
1916:
1907:
1895:. Retrieved
1891:
1881:
1852:Sotho people
1786:James Moroka
1780:Ruth Mompati
1762:Dipuo Peters
1746:Brian Molefe
1722:Festus Mogae
1710:Joe Matthews
1698:Quett Masire
1668:David Magang
1662:Moses Kotane
1620:Manne Dipico
1472:Vincent Pule
1378:
1377:
1174:Fana Mokoena
1131:
1130:
1054:Lilian Ngoyi
1007:- Politician
999:Trott Moloto
993:Sello Moloto
978:Peter Mokaba
974:– politician
966:Lebo Mathosa
888:(ZCC) leader
793:Moshoeshoe I
778:
777:
768:
763:
759:
750:
736:
712:
696:
674:
634:
600:
592:Subdivisions
586:
574:Bechuanaland
570:
557:
548:
544:
525:
511:
503:
495:
492:
483:
475:
472:Swazi origin
449:
405:
384:
368:South Africa
339:
335:
331:
329:
319: Tswana
277:Venda people
273:Nguni people
259:Christianity
84:South Africa
36:Sotho-Tswana
32:Ethnic group
29:
18:Sotho-Tswana
1946:Africa Past
1867:Lozi people
1862:Barotseland
1857:Pedi people
1768:Edna Molewa
1752:Popo Molefe
1734:Job Mokgoro
1432:Thabo Mooki
1419:Jomo Cosmos
1366:Emma Wareus
1360:Redi Tlhabi
1354:Boity Thulo
1312:Tumi Morake
1222:King Monada
1198:Khuli Chana
1168:Kamo Mphela
1156:Terry Pheto
1121:Mmanthatisi
1048:Gift Ngoepe
833:Tom Thabane
805:King Letsie
578:Barotseland
499:Batho/Bantu
400:thatch roof
2290:21 October
2264:21 October
1873:References
1306:Tim Modise
1218:– Musician
1206:– musician
1150:Mpho Koaho
968:– Musician
944:Mampuru II
726:See also:
701:The Pulana
685:The Tlokwa
682:The Lobedu
679:The Bapedi
620:Free State
613:Moshoeshoe
582:Basutoland
432:Kgalakgadi
285:San people
204:Mozambique
2312:22 August
2226:24 August
2193:15 August
2188:Lesedi FM
2168:14 August
2143:24 August
2112:1750-0184
2071:14 August
2046:18 August
2021:22 August
1995:22 August
1970:22 August
1922:22 August
1897:22 August
1650:Ian Khama
1644:Khama III
1632:Unity Dow
1614:Bathoen I
1589:Percy Tau
1583:Jimmy Tau
1445:Abia Nale
1228:Master KG
1162:Sankomota
1082:– Deputy
989:– actress
540:Dithakong
213:Languages
208:50 (Lozi)
168:655 000 (
2455:Category
1841:See also
1822:Sebele I
1754:– first
1252:DJ Fresh
1125:Batlokwa
1076:province
1072:– first
914:– Doctor
779:Politics
733:Totemism
717:The Lozi
649:Zimbabwe
641:Botswana
554:Difaqane
529:highveld
451:and the
446:Ethnonym
440:Kgolokwe
430:and the
420:Balobedu
392:totemism
380:Zimbabwe
360:Botswana
241:Religion
227:Setswana
146:Zimbabwe
124:Botswana
2120:1156850
1258:Goapele
722:Culture
704:The Pai
688:Dikgale
645:Namibia
624:Sesotho
517:History
461:Limpopo
376:Namibia
364:Lesotho
340:Basotho
223:Sesotho
186:Namibia
102:Lesotho
2420:
2401:
2377:
2358:
2118:
2110:
2092:Africa
1425:, and
1044:(PAC).
884:– the
865:– 3rd
631:Tswana
561:Kololo
436:Pulana
428:Tswana
426:, the
418:, the
416:Bapedi
396:diboko
372:Zambia
346:are a
323:
317:
311:
255:Badimo
247:Modimo
235:Silozi
231:Sepedi
201:
183:
164:Zambia
161:
143:
130:Tswana
121:
99:
81:
2116:JSTOR
1379:Sport
1187:Tkzee
940:(EFF)
898:(ZCC)
478:Swazi
336:Sotho
108:Sotho
2418:ISBN
2399:ISBN
2375:ISBN
2356:ISBN
2324:19,
2314:2020
2292:2014
2266:2014
2228:2023
2195:2023
2170:2023
2145:2023
2108:ISSN
2073:2023
2048:2020
2023:2023
1997:2023
1972:2023
1924:2023
1899:2023
1438:and
1372:Zeus
1144:Lira
709:Lozi
424:Lozi
378:and
330:The
279:and
170:Lozi
2217:doi
2100:doi
1115:SAR
350:of
338:or
2457::
2345:.
2341:20
2211:,
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2114:.
2106:.
2096:26
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2090:.
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2013:.
1988:.
1963:.
1944:.
1932:^
1915:.
1890:.
1421:,
1123:-
1062:–
647:,
643:,
463:.
438:,
382:.
366:,
362:,
287:,
283:,
275:,
257:,
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