310:
287:
1243:
209:
184:
1338:
1259:
561:
316:
215:
1454:
2806:
Panetta R, Greenwood MT, Warszynska A, Demchyshyn LL, Day R, Niznik HB, et al. (March 1994). "Molecular cloning, functional characterization, and chromosomal localization of a human somatostatin receptor (somatostatin receptor type 5) with preferential affinity for somatostatin-28".
1221:
via a G-protein coupled receptor (which inhibits adenylate cyclase, thus effectively antagonising the stimulatory effect of histamine) to reduce acid secretion. Somatostatin can also indirectly decrease stomach acid production by preventing the release of other hormones, including
3006:
Barnea A, Roberts J, Ho RH (January 1999). "Evidence for a synergistic effect of the HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) leading to enhanced expression of somatostatin neurons in aggregate cultures derived from the human fetal cortex".
63:
1316:
Somatostatin is also produced by several other populations that project centrally, i.e., to other areas of the brain, and somatostatin receptors are expressed at many different sites in the brain. In particular, populations of somatostatin neurons occur in the
3089:
Brakch N, Lazar N, Panchal M, Allemandou F, Boileau G, Cohen P, et al. (February 2002). "The somatostatin-28(1-12)-NPAMAP sequence: an essential helical-promoting motif governing prosomatostatin processing at mono- and dibasic sites".
1547:
of somatostatin, like octreotide. It is available in several countries, including the United
Kingdom, Australia, and Canada, and was approved for sale in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration on August 30, 2007.
2828:
Demchyshyn LL, Srikant CB, Sunahara RK, Kent G, Seeman P, Van Tol HH, et al. (June 1993). "Cloning and expression of a human somatostatin-14-selective receptor variant (somatostatin receptor 4) located on chromosome 20".
1312:
on its own release; the somatostatin neurons respond to high circulating concentrations of growth hormone and somatomedins by increasing the release of somatostatin, so reducing the rate of secretion of growth hormone.
1209:
travels via the portal venous system to the heart, then enters the systemic circulation to reach the locations where it will exert its inhibitory effects. In addition, somatostatin release from delta cells can act in a
2232:
Holst JJ, Skak-Nielsen T, Orskov C, Seier-Poulsen S (August 1992). "Vagal control of the release of somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, gastrin-releasing peptide, and HCl from porcine non-antral stomach".
1521:(about 90 minutes, compared to 2–3 minutes for somatostatin). Since it is absorbed poorly from the gut, it is administered parenterally (subcutaneously, intramuscularly, or intravenously). It is indicated for
323:
222:
2152:"Growth hormone inhibits its own secretion by acting on the hypothalamus through its receptors on neuropeptide Y neurons in the arcuate nucleus and somatostatin neurons in the periventricular nucleus"
1586:. The current proposed history as to how these six genes arose is based on the three whole-genome duplication events that took place in vertebrate evolution along with local duplications in
2565:
Brazeau P, Vale W, Burgus R, Ling N, Butcher M, Rivier J, et al. (January 1973). "Hypothalamic polypeptide that inhibits the secretion of immunoreactive pituitary growth hormone".
2965:"Interrelationships between somatostatin sst2A receptors and somatostatin-containing axons in rat brain: evidence for regulation of cell surface receptors by endogenous somatostatin"
2421:
1591:
1517:
that mimics natural somatostatin pharmacologically, though is a more potent inhibitor of growth hormone, glucagon, and insulin than the natural hormone, and has a much longer
5126:
3154:
Simonetti M, Di BC (February 2002). "Structural motifs in the maturation process of peptide hormones. The somatostatin precursor. I. A CD conformational study".
5188:
5415:
4059:
2755:"High-resolution chromosomal localization of human genes for amylase, proopiomelanocortin, somatostatin, and a DNA fragment (D3S1) by in situ hybridization"
5734:
1543:) is a medication used in the management of acromegaly and symptoms caused by neuroendocrine tumors, most notably carcinoid syndrome. It is a long-acting
5455:
3046:"In vitro characterization of somatostatin receptors in the human thymus and effects of somatostatin and octreotide on cultured thymic epithelial cells"
804:
5233:
785:
2514:"Cloning and functional characterization of a family of human and mouse somatostatin receptors expressed in brain, gastrointestinal tract, and kidney"
2310:
1862:
145:
5183:
5049:
5044:
5034:
5580:
5340:
5173:
5119:
5729:
5395:
2471:"Somatostatin receptors, an expanding gene family: cloning and functional characterization of human SSTR3, a protein coupled to adenylyl cyclase"
5575:
5440:
5079:
5465:
5375:
5355:
5288:
5253:
5243:
5213:
1774:
1756:
5635:
5520:
5460:
5345:
5263:
5258:
5223:
4999:
5714:
5709:
5692:
5682:
5640:
5505:
5495:
5450:
5405:
5365:
5360:
5330:
5273:
5135:
5112:
3556:
3528:
3425:
1684:
2413:
5810:
5773:
5724:
5585:
5545:
1004:
1846:, that inhibits adenylyl cyclase and lowers . In this way, somatostatin inhibits the secretion of several hormones, including glucagon
5748:
5743:
5475:
5425:
5420:
4052:
1011:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5430:
5400:
5335:
1791:"somatostatin". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2016. Web. 04 mag. 2016 <
1352:
hormone, and is induced by low pH. Its actions are spread to different parts of the body. Somatostatin release is inhibited by the
4625:
3384:
1602:. These two genes were duplicated during the second whole-genome duplication event (2R) to create four new somatostatin genes:
3626:
1819:
4334:
4292:
1739:
5795:
5555:
4045:
3308:
1373:
60:
2930:"Subtype-selective induction of wild-type p53 and apoptosis, but not cell cycle arrest, by human somatostatin receptor 3"
1718:
2004:
1949:
Gahete MD, Cordoba-ChacĂłn J, Duran-Prado M, MalagĂłn MM, Martinez-Fuentes AJ, Gracia-Navarro F, et al. (July 2010).
3269:
3241:
1104:
Somatostatin has two active forms produced by the alternative cleavage of a single preproprotein: one consisting of 14
3044:
Ferone D, van Hagen PM, van
Koetsveld PM, Zuijderwijk J, Mooy DM, Lichtenauer-Kaligis EG, et al. (January 1999).
2272:
309:
3119:
Oomen SP, van Hennik PB, Antonissen C, Lichtenauer-Kaligis EG, Hofland LJ, Lamberts SW, et al. (February 2002).
2134:
1493:
1101:
and inhibition of the release of numerous secondary hormones. Somatostatin inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion.
5830:
5510:
3729:
286:
4171:
1421:
Decreases the rate of gastric emptying, and reduces smooth muscle contractions and blood flow within the intestine
4989:
3303:
1743:
1722:
5298:
4329:
3835:
3458:
3394:
3288:
1475:
849:
3850:
3318:
3293:
1471:
1326:
1246:
830:
5825:
5004:
4077:
3907:
3902:
3644:
3359:
2318:
1914:
Liu Y, Lu D, Zhang Y, Li S, Liu X, Lin H (September 2010). "The evolution of somatostatin in vertebrates".
1870:
208:
183:
125:
2339:
van der Meulen T, Donaldson CJ, Cáceres E, Hunter AE, Cowing-Zitron C, Pound LD, et al. (July 2015).
5820:
4618:
3389:
3369:
2895:"Somatostatin antisense oligodeoxynucleotide-mediated stimulation of lymphocyte proliferation in culture"
1380:
4495:
4228:
4015:
3897:
1627:
2852:"Distribution and second messenger coupling of four somatostatin receptor subtypes expressed in brain"
322:
221:
5805:
5024:
4570:
4534:
4426:
4020:
1293:
112:
3578:
3121:"Somatostatin is a selective chemoattractant for primitive (CD34(+)) hematopoietic progenitor cells"
1308:
cells. The somatostatin neurons in the periventricular nucleus mediate negative feedback effects of
1147:, allow somatostatin to possess a large range of functions. Humans have only one somatostatin gene,
315:
214:
5800:
5208:
5198:
3649:
2388:
1416:
1365:
1297:
133:
5156:
4500:
4431:
4069:
3878:
1571:
1464:
987:
966:
940:
919:
5815:
5074:
4611:
4455:
3724:
3701:
3453:
3234:
1144:
1098:
5313:
4584:
4369:
3470:
1522:
4037:
3433:
5758:
5019:
4364:
4267:
2766:
2713:
2672:
2623:
2574:
2525:
2341:"Urocortin3 mediates somatostatin-dependent negative feedback control of insulin secretion"
2086:
2031:
1962:
1559:
1281:
197:
8:
5515:
5178:
4876:
4316:
4010:
3616:
3611:
3583:
3546:
3379:
3364:
3328:
2469:
Yamada Y, Reisine T, Law SF, Ihara Y, Kubota A, Kagimoto S, et al. (December 1992).
1412:
153:
2770:
2717:
2676:
2627:
2578:
2529:
2090:
2035:
1966:
1427:
Somatostatin release is triggered by the beta cell peptide urocortin3 (Ucn3) to inhibit
1344:
is visible at upper right, and somatostatin is represented by middle arrow pointing left
5148:
4708:
4683:
4506:
4101:
3351:
3179:
3032:
2989:
2980:
2964:
2881:
2598:
2500:
2365:
2340:
1986:
1567:
1526:
1091:
157:
3137:
3120:
3020:
2789:
2754:
2736:
2701:
2646:
2611:
2054:
2019:
1834:
The binding of somatostatin to its receptor in the pancreas leads to activation of an
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
628:
623:
618:
602:
5203:
5104:
4713:
4652:
3538:
3227:
3208:
3199:
3171:
3142:
3107:
3077:
3024:
2994:
2951:
2916:
2873:
2868:
2851:
2838:
2816:
2794:
2741:
2688:
2651:
2590:
2553:
2548:
2513:
2492:
2457:
2370:
2250:
2214:
2193:"Hippocampal Somatostatin Interneurons Control the Size of Neuronal Memory Ensembles"
2173:
2130:
2102:
2059:
1978:
1974:
1931:
1825:
1815:
1544:
1266:
1250:
1199:
1095:
1087:
105:
53:
3183:
3036:
2885:
2602:
2504:
1990:
4592:
4554:
4468:
4463:
4410:
4263:
4123:
3505:
3500:
3163:
3132:
3099:
3067:
3057:
3016:
2984:
2976:
2941:
2906:
2863:
2784:
2774:
2731:
2721:
2680:
2641:
2631:
2582:
2543:
2533:
2482:
2360:
2352:
2242:
2204:
2163:
2094:
2049:
2039:
1970:
1923:
1835:
1533:. It is also finding increased use in polycystic diseases of the liver and kidney.
1387:
1341:
1249:
is expressed in interneurons in the telencephalon of the embryonic day 15.5 mouse.
1083:
402:
333:
277:
232:
1262:
137:
5039:
4764:
4754:
4287:
3830:
3463:
3258:
2209:
2192:
2168:
2151:
1891:
1792:
1562:
in patients who fail or are ineligible for surgical therapy. It was developed by
1318:
1289:
1242:
1079:
377:
161:
2586:
1779:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1761:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
5193:
5145:
5059:
5054:
4787:
4782:
4759:
4661:
4436:
4282:
4093:
3982:
3951:
3923:
3868:
3480:
3411:
2946:
2929:
2911:
2894:
2759:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2706:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2616:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2518:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2024:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1927:
1650:
were duplicated during the third whole-genome duplication event (3R) to create
1635:
1309:
1301:
1277:
1218:
1206:
1191:
478:
3763:
2963:
Dournaud P, Boudin H, Schonbrunn A, Tannenbaum GS, Beaudet A (February 1998).
2663:
Shen LP, Rutter WJ (April 1984). "Sequence of the human somatostatin I gene".
2487:
2470:
2246:
2077:
Shen LP, Rutter WJ (April 1984). "Sequence of the human somatostatin I gene".
1829:
1337:
5789:
4736:
4731:
4698:
4130:
4113:
3992:
3768:
1631:
589:
3118:
3062:
3045:
2779:
2726:
2684:
2636:
2098:
2044:
1372:
Inhibiting the release of growth hormone (GH) (thus opposing the effects of
1292:, where somatostatin is released from neurosecretory nerve endings into the
538:
416:
5677:
5228:
5064:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4892:
4887:
4638:
4202:
4192:
4118:
3775:
3711:
3659:
3606:
3573:
3280:
3175:
3146:
3111:
2461:
2374:
2218:
1982:
1935:
1809:
1285:
395:
174:
20:
4603:
3081:
3028:
2998:
2955:
2920:
2877:
2842:
2820:
2798:
2745:
2692:
2655:
2594:
2557:
2538:
2496:
2254:
2177:
2106:
2063:
1558:
approved in the United States and the
European Union for the treatment of
1051:
1046:
560:
5697:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5630:
5535:
5530:
5390:
5350:
5278:
5218:
5069:
4979:
4907:
4882:
4818:
4803:
4723:
4693:
4678:
4491:
4390:
4135:
3959:
3936:
3438:
3341:
1583:
1555:
1551:
1353:
1322:
1305:
1187:
1112:
894:
875:
24:
2191:
Stefanelli T, Bertollini C, LĂĽscher C, Muller D, Mendez P (March 2016).
5687:
5672:
5660:
5625:
5590:
5525:
5435:
5385:
5380:
5370:
5248:
4871:
4835:
4825:
4808:
4774:
4746:
4703:
4516:
4441:
4240:
4161:
3987:
3873:
3523:
3475:
3404:
3399:
3043:
2150:
Minami S, Kamegai J, Sugihara H, Suzuki N, Wakabayashi I (April 1998).
1694:
1536:
1530:
1506:
1478: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1349:
1105:
294:
191:
141:
5084:
3103:
2753:
Zabel BU, Naylor SL, Sakaguchi AY, Bell GI, Shows TB (November 1983).
2512:
Yamada Y, Post SR, Wang K, Tager HS, Bell GI, Seino S (January 1992).
1948:
1898:. National Center for Biotechnology Information Support Center (NCBI).
1258:
82:
5702:
5667:
5009:
4994:
4840:
4830:
4813:
4670:
4511:
4374:
4223:
3790:
3719:
3601:
3513:
3448:
3374:
3072:
2311:"Sect. 5, Ch. 4: Structure, Synthesis, and Secretion of Somatostatin"
1863:"Sect. 5, Ch. 4: Structure, Synthesis, and Secretion of Somatostatin"
1607:
1590:
fish. An ancestral somatostatin gene was duplicated during the first
1518:
1394:
1227:
1211:
1143:
have all six. The six different genes, along with the five different
1140:
1115:, there exist six different somatostatin genes that have been named:
1108:(shown in infobox to right), the other consisting of 28 amino acids.
749:
361:
348:
260:
247:
149:
3167:
2850:
Kaupmann K, Bruns C, Hoyer D, Seuwen K, LĂĽbbert H (September 1993).
2805:
2356:
2338:
2231:
1950:
1453:
5500:
5238:
4984:
4963:
4958:
4902:
4320:
4299:
4166:
3941:
3840:
3822:
3780:
3758:
3681:
3673:
3654:
3636:
3565:
3443:
3336:
3298:
1689:
1654:
and two genes that were lost during the evolution of teleost fish.
1563:
1510:
1195:
1035:
2962:
1606:, and one gene that was lost during the evolution of vertebrates.
5595:
5029:
5014:
4634:
4211:
3845:
3812:
3807:
3799:
3686:
3621:
3492:
3250:
3213:
3203:
2892:
2190:
1639:
1587:
1514:
1428:
1223:
1217:
In the stomach, somatostatin acts directly on the acid-producing
861:
816:
734:
730:
2893:
Aguila MC, Rodriguez AM, Aguila-Mansilla HN, Lee WT (May 1996).
129:
5620:
4950:
4346:
4304:
4216:
4187:
4106:
3969:
3931:
3750:
3691:
2702:"Primary structure of the gene encoding rat preprosomatostatin"
2700:
Montminy MR, Goodman RH, Horovitch SJ, Habener JF (June 1984).
2699:
1019:
771:
569:
4863:
4341:
4143:
4067:
4002:
3977:
3888:
3860:
3593:
2827:
1679:
1540:
3198:
Overview of all the structural information available in the
3088:
4549:
3219:
2149:
1408:
1296:
through neuron axons. Somatostatin is then carried to the
5314:
5089:
1190:
at several locations in the digestive system, namely the
5476:
2849:
2752:
2317:. Medical College of Georgia. p. 17. Archived from
1869:. Medical College of Georgia. p. 16. Archived from
1439:
Suppresses the exocrine secretory action of the pancreas
385:
5299:
5134:
116:, SMST, somatostatin, Somatostatin, Somatostatin, SST1
3268:
2564:
2468:
1951:"Somatostatin and its receptors from fish to mammals"
1814:(Eighth ed.). New York, NY: Macmillan Learning.
550:
5759:
5140:
2266:
2264:
2120:
2118:
2116:
1230:
which effectively slows down the digestive process.
645:
negative regulation of cell population proliferation
5556:
2511:
1892:"somatostatin preproprotein [Homo sapiens]"
517:
dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation granule cell
16:
Peptide hormone that regulates the endocrine system
2927:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1714:
1712:
1710:
5209:Placental growth hormone (growth hormone variant)
2261:
2113:
1166:growth hormone release–inhibiting hormone (GHRIH)
332:
231:
5787:
2928:Sharma K, Patel YC, Srikant CB (December 1996).
2609:
2017:
1807:
1662:went through local duplications to give rise to
3005:
2447:
2296:First Aid for the USMLE Step 1, 2010. Page 286.
1803:
1801:
1728:
1707:
1582:Six somatostatin genes have been discovered in
5080:Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide
1793:http://www.britannica.com/science/somatostatin
1740:GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000004366
1424:Suppresses the release of pancreatic hormones
1172:somatotropin release–inhibiting hormone (SRIH)
5120:
5000:Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript
4619:
4053:
3235:
2610:Shen LP, Pictet RL, Rutter WJ (August 1982).
2124:
2018:Shen LP, Pictet RL, Rutter WJ (August 1982).
1169:somatotropin release–inhibiting factor (SRIF)
2612:"Human somatostatin I: sequence of the cDNA"
2448:Florio T, Schettini G (September 2001). "".
2129:(2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier.
2020:"Human somatostatin I: sequence of the cDNA"
1913:
1798:
1554:, sold under the brand name Signifor, is an
690:G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
650:hormone-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway
4633:
3153:
2070:
2011:
1719:GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000157005
5127:
5113:
4626:
4612:
4060:
4046:
3242:
3228:
2662:
2076:
1955:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
1401:
3136:
3071:
3061:
2988:
2945:
2910:
2867:
2788:
2778:
2735:
2725:
2645:
2635:
2547:
2537:
2486:
2364:
2304:
2302:
2208:
2167:
2053:
2043:
1494:Learn how and when to remove this message
720:regulation of signaling receptor activity
4484:
2235:Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology
1856:
1854:
1574:compared to other somatostatin analogs.
1443:
1336:
1257:
1241:
1163:growth hormone–inhibiting hormone (GHIH)
2270:
1577:
715:cell surface receptor signaling pathway
5788:
5304:Tooltip Growth hormone-binding protein
5157:
5136:
2299:
1997:
1942:
5108:
4607:
4041:
3223:
2315:Endocrinology: The Endocrine Pancreas
2308:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1867:Endocrinology: The Endocrine Pancreas
1851:
1808:Nelson DL, Cox M, Hoskins AA (2021).
1570:with a 40-fold increased affinity to
1359:
1300:, where it inhibits the secretion of
337:
298:
293:
236:
195:
190:
2393:The Lecturio Medical Concept Library
1811:Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry
1476:adding citations to reliable sources
1447:
1159:Synonyms of "somatostatin" include:
2424:from the original on 27 August 2016
1860:
1685:Hypothalamic–pituitary–somatic axis
1368:, the effects of somatostatin are:
1181:
705:response to organonitrogen compound
13:
2981:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-03-01056.1998
2440:
1902:
14:
5842:
5811:Hormones of the somatotropic axis
3192:
1348:Somatostatin is classified as an
1075:
1068:growth hormone-inhibiting hormone
3730:5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine
1975:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05511.x
1452:
1434:Inhibits the release of glucagon
1415:) and suppresses the release of
1407:Somatostatin is homologous with
1374:growth hormone–releasing hormone
1265:expression in the adult mouse.
559:
321:
314:
308:
285:
220:
213:
207:
182:
4990:Calcitonin gene-related peptide
2406:
2389:"Carcinoid Tumors and Syndrome"
2381:
2332:
2290:
2225:
2184:
2143:
1463:needs additional citations for
1288:. These neurons project to the
1154:
5249:Somatrogon (MOD-4023; hGH-CTP)
2125:Boron WF, Boulpaep EL (2012).
1884:
1842:, structurally homologous to G
1785:
1767:
1749:
1592:whole-genome duplication event
1566:. Pasireotide is somatostatin
660:chemical synaptic transmission
570:More reference expression data
539:More reference expression data
1:
4276:Bile and pancreatic secretion
3138:10.1016/S0301-472X(01)00772-X
3021:10.1016/S0006-8993(98)01098-1
1700:
1327:nucleus of the solitary tract
1294:hypothalamohypophysial system
1205:Somatostatin released in the
1176:
306:
205:
5005:Delta-sleep-inducing peptide
3249:
2869:10.1016/0014-5793(93)80296-7
2210:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.01.024
2169:10.1507/endocrj.45.Suppl_S19
1332:
1276:Somatostatin is produced by
1186:Somatostatin is secreted by
665:regulation of cell migration
7:
5796:Genes on human chromosome 3
5286:Antisense oligonucleotides:
2969:The Journal of Neuroscience
2587:10.1126/science.179.4068.77
2279:. Colorado State University
2005:"Entrez Gene: Somatostatin"
1673:
1381:thyroid-stimulating hormone
685:response to steroid hormone
10:
5847:
4496:Interstitial cell of Cajal
3898:Insulin-like growth factor
3156:Journal of Peptide Science
2947:10.1210/mend.10.12.8961277
2912:10.1210/endo.137.5.8612489
1928:10.1016/j.gene.2010.04.016
1393:Inhibiting the release of
1379:Inhibiting the release of
18:
5757:
5554:
5474:
5312:
5155:
5025:Gastrin-releasing peptide
4972:
4949:
4918:
4862:
4853:
4796:
4773:
4745:
4722:
4669:
4660:
4645:
4583:
4571:Enterohepatic circulation
4563:
4542:
4533:
4477:
4454:
4427:Segmentation contractions
4419:
4403:
4383:
4357:
4315:
4275:
4262:
4255:
4201:
4180:
4154:
4092:
4085:
4076:
4001:
3968:
3950:
3922:
3887:
3859:
3821:
3798:
3789:
3749:
3742:
3710:
3672:
3635:
3592:
3564:
3555:
3537:
3491:
3424:
3350:
3327:
3279:
3257:
2488:10.1210/mend.6.12.1337145
2277:Biomedical Hypertextbooks
2247:10.3109/00365529209000139
1775:"Mouse PubMed Reference:"
1757:"Human PubMed Reference:"
1630:) after the split in the
1509:(brand name Sandostatin,
1417:gastrointestinal hormones
1050:
1045:
1041:
1034:
1018:
1005:Chr 3: 187.67 – 187.67 Mb
999:
984:
980:
963:
959:
952:
937:
933:
916:
912:
905:
892:
888:
873:
869:
860:
847:
843:
828:
824:
815:
802:
798:
783:
779:
770:
755:
748:
744:
728:
588:
584:
567:
558:
549:
536:
485:
476:
423:
414:
384:
376:
372:
355:
342:
305:
284:
275:
271:
254:
241:
204:
181:
172:
168:
123:
120:
110:
103:
98:
79:
74:
57:
52:
47:
43:
39:
34:
5199:Human placental lactogen
1511:Novartis Pharmaceuticals
1366:anterior pituitary gland
1298:anterior pituitary gland
1233:
1012:Chr 16: 23.71 – 23.71 Mb
505:anterior amygdaloid area
19:Not to be confused with
5831:Somatostatin inhibitors
4501:Basal electrical rhythm
4432:Migrating motor complex
4070:gastrointestinal system
3125:Experimental Hematology
3063:10.1210/endo.140.1.6398
2934:Molecular Endocrinology
2780:10.1073/pnas.80.22.6932
2727:10.1073/pnas.81.11.3337
2685:10.1126/science.6142531
2637:10.1073/pnas.79.15.4575
2475:Molecular Endocrinology
2450:Minerva Endocrinologica
2099:10.1126/science.6142531
2045:10.1073/pnas.79.15.4575
1896:NCBI Reference Sequence
1572:somatostatin receptor 5
1402:Gastrointestinal system
5591:Examorelin (hexarelin)
5075:Pancreatic polypeptide
4456:Enteric nervous system
3725:N,N-Dimethyltryptamine
3702:Pancreatic polypeptide
3212:(Somatostatin) at the
2831:Molecular Pharmacology
2809:Molecular Pharmacology
2271:Bowen R (2002-12-14).
1345:
1269:
1253:
1145:somatostatin receptors
1099:somatostatin receptors
695:response to amino acid
501:superior frontal gyrus
4370:Enterochromaffin cell
4365:Enteroendocrine cells
2539:10.1073/pnas.89.1.251
1541:Ipsen Pharmaceuticals
1523:symptomatic treatment
1444:Synthetic substitutes
1340:
1261:
1245:
1094:via interaction with
680:response to acidic pH
655:hyperosmotic response
513:primary visual cortex
339:16 B1|16 15.0 cM
300:Chromosome 16 (mouse)
5646:Pralmorelin (GHRP-2)
5189:Eftansomatropin alfa
5020:Galanin-like peptide
4358:Endocrine cell types
1836:inhibitory G protein
1578:Evolutionary history
1472:improve this article
1325:, and the brainstem
1282:ventromedial nucleus
675:response to nutrient
619:extracellular region
451:orbitofrontal cortex
198:Chromosome 3 (human)
75:List of PDB id codes
48:Available structures
5826:Pancreatic hormones
5688:Ibutamoren (MK-677)
5516:Modified GRF (1-29)
5416:Somatostatin (1-28)
5411:Somatostatin (GHIH)
5179:Bovine somatotropin
4384:Exocrine cell types
4317:Glucose homeostasis
4011:Natriuretic peptide
3329:Posterior pituitary
3314:Somatostatin (GHIH)
2771:1983PNAS...80.6932Z
2718:1984PNAS...81.3337M
2677:1984Sci...224..168S
2628:1982PNAS...79.4575S
2579:1973Sci...179...77B
2530:1992PNAS...89..251Y
2091:1984Sci...224..168S
2036:1982PNAS...79.4575S
1967:2010NYASA1200...43G
1652:SS1, SS2, SS4, SS5,
1413:somatostatin family
1267:Allen Brain Atlases
1251:Allen Brain Atlases
1082:that regulates the
1076:several other names
700:cell-cell signaling
629:extracellular space
489:islet of Langerhans
5821:Neuroendocrinology
4507:Gastrocolic reflex
4068:Physiology of the
3352:Anterior pituitary
2162:(Suppl): S19–S26.
2127:Medical Physiology
1638:lineage split. In
1527:carcinoid syndrome
1360:Anterior pituitary
1346:
1270:
1254:
1092:cell proliferation
850:ENSMUSG00000004366
638:Biological process
624:neuronal cell body
612:Cellular component
596:Molecular function
5783:
5782:
5765:
5738:
5562:
5482:
5456:Cyclosomatostatin
5320:
5296:Binding proteins:
5204:Lonapegsomatropin
5163:
5102:
5101:
5098:
5097:
4849:
4848:
4601:
4600:
4579:
4578:
4529:
4528:
4525:
4524:
4464:Submucous plexus
4450:
4449:
4399:
4398:
4251:
4250:
4035:
4034:
4031:
4030:
3918:
3917:
3738:
3737:
3668:
3667:
3420:
3419:
3104:10.1021/bi011928m
2321:on March 31, 2008
2156:Endocrine Journal
1821:978-1-319-22800-2
1560:Cushing's disease
1504:
1503:
1496:
1390:in parietal cells
1274:
1273:
1200:pancreatic islets
1096:G protein-coupled
1088:neurotransmission
1066:, also known as
1061:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1030:
1029:
995:
994:
974:
973:
948:
947:
927:
926:
901:
900:
882:
881:
856:
855:
837:
836:
811:
810:
792:
791:
740:
739:
580:
579:
576:
575:
545:
544:
532:
531:
497:perirhinal cortex
493:entorhinal cortex
470:
469:
459:nucleus accumbens
455:prefrontal cortex
368:
367:
267:
266:
94:
93:
90:
89:
58:Ortholog search:
5838:
5806:Endocrine system
5763:
5761:
5736:
5560:
5558:
5480:
5478:
5318:
5316:
5305:
5301:
5234:Somatropin pegol
5161:
5159:
5142:
5138:
5129:
5122:
5115:
5106:
5105:
4860:
4859:
4667:
4666:
4628:
4621:
4614:
4605:
4604:
4593:Peritoneal fluid
4555:Pancreatic juice
4540:
4539:
4482:
4481:
4469:Myenteric plexus
4411:Intestinal juice
4273:
4272:
4260:
4259:
4172:Gastric emptying
4124:Intrinsic factor
4090:
4089:
4083:
4082:
4062:
4055:
4048:
4039:
4038:
3796:
3795:
3791:Digestive system
3747:
3746:
3562:
3561:
3501:Thyroid hormones
3277:
3276:
3266:
3265:
3244:
3237:
3230:
3221:
3220:
3187:
3150:
3140:
3115:
3085:
3075:
3065:
3040:
3002:
2992:
2959:
2949:
2924:
2914:
2889:
2871:
2846:
2824:
2802:
2792:
2782:
2749:
2739:
2729:
2696:
2671:(4645): 168–71.
2659:
2649:
2639:
2606:
2561:
2551:
2541:
2508:
2490:
2465:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2368:
2336:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2306:
2297:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2268:
2259:
2258:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2212:
2203:(5): 1074–1085.
2188:
2182:
2181:
2171:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2122:
2111:
2110:
2085:(4645): 168–71.
2074:
2068:
2067:
2057:
2047:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1911:
1900:
1899:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1873:on April 5, 2008
1858:
1849:
1848:
1805:
1796:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1753:
1747:
1737:
1726:
1716:
1499:
1492:
1488:
1485:
1479:
1456:
1448:
1388:adenylyl cyclase
1238:
1237:
1182:Digestive system
1084:endocrine system
1043:
1042:
1014:
1007:
990:
978:
977:
969:
957:
956:
953:RefSeq (protein)
943:
931:
930:
922:
910:
909:
886:
885:
867:
866:
841:
840:
822:
821:
796:
795:
777:
776:
746:
745:
670:response to heat
603:hormone activity
586:
585:
572:
563:
556:
555:
541:
481:
479:Top expressed in
474:
473:
431:body of pancreas
419:
417:Top expressed in
412:
411:
391:
390:
374:
373:
364:
351:
340:
325:
318:
312:
301:
289:
273:
272:
263:
250:
239:
224:
217:
211:
200:
186:
170:
169:
164:
115:
108:
85:
72:
71:
66:
45:
44:
32:
31:
5846:
5845:
5841:
5840:
5839:
5837:
5836:
5835:
5801:Antidiarrhoeals
5786:
5785:
5784:
5779:
5762:
5753:
5559:
5550:
5479:
5470:
5317:
5308:
5303:
5184:Efpegsomatropin
5160:
5151:
5133:
5103:
5094:
5050:Neuropeptide VF
5045:Neuropeptide SF
5040:Neuropeptide FF
5035:Neuropeptide AF
4968:
4945:
4914:
4855:
4845:
4792:
4769:
4741:
4718:
4687:
4662:Opioid peptides
4656:
4641:
4632:
4602:
4597:
4575:
4559:
4521:
4473:
4446:
4415:
4395:
4379:
4353:
4311:
4288:Cholecystokinin
4247:
4197:
4176:
4150:
4139:
4072:
4066:
4036:
4027:
3997:
3964:
3946:
3914:
3883:
3855:
3817:
3785:
3734:
3706:
3664:
3631:
3588:
3551:
3533:
3517:
3509:
3487:
3471:Adrenal medulla
3464:Androstenedione
3416:
3346:
3323:
3271:
3260:
3253:
3248:
3195:
3190:
3168:10.1002/psc.370
2940:(12): 1688–96.
2712:(11): 3337–40.
2481:(12): 2136–42.
2443:
2441:Further reading
2438:
2437:
2427:
2425:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2397:
2395:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2357:10.1038/nm.3872
2345:Nature Medicine
2337:
2333:
2324:
2322:
2307:
2300:
2295:
2291:
2282:
2280:
2269:
2262:
2230:
2226:
2189:
2185:
2148:
2144:
2137:
2123:
2114:
2075:
2071:
2016:
2012:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1947:
1943:
1912:
1903:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1876:
1874:
1859:
1852:
1845:
1841:
1822:
1806:
1799:
1790:
1786:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1738:
1729:
1717:
1708:
1703:
1676:
1626:(also known as
1614:(also known as
1594:(1R) to create
1580:
1500:
1489:
1483:
1480:
1469:
1457:
1446:
1404:
1362:
1335:
1319:arcuate nucleus
1290:median eminence
1280:neurons of the
1236:
1184:
1179:
1157:
1080:peptide hormone
1052:View/Edit Mouse
1047:View/Edit Human
1010:
1003:
1000:Location (UCSC)
986:
965:
939:
918:
831:ENSG00000157005
724:
633:
607:
568:
537:
528:
523:
519:
515:
511:
509:arcuate nucleus
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
477:
466:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
415:
359:
346:
338:
328:
327:
326:
319:
299:
276:Gene location (
258:
245:
237:
227:
226:
225:
218:
196:
173:Gene location (
162:SST - orthologs
124:
111:
104:
81:
59:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5844:
5834:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5781:
5780:
5778:
5777:
5769:
5767:
5755:
5754:
5752:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5732:
5727:
5718:
5717:
5712:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5581:Cortistatin-14
5578:
5566:
5564:
5552:
5551:
5549:
5548:
5539:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5486:
5484:
5481:(somatocrinin)
5472:
5471:
5469:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5444:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5341:Cortistatin-14
5338:
5333:
5324:
5322:
5319:(somatostatin)
5310:
5309:
5307:
5306:
5292:
5291:
5282:
5281:
5276:
5267:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5194:Growth hormone
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5174:Albusomatropin
5167:
5165:
5162:(somatotropin)
5153:
5152:
5132:
5131:
5124:
5117:
5109:
5100:
5099:
5096:
5095:
5093:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5060:Neuropeptide Y
5057:
5055:Neuropeptide S
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4976:
4974:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4966:
4961:
4955:
4953:
4947:
4946:
4944:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4922:
4920:
4916:
4915:
4913:
4912:
4911:
4910:
4905:
4897:
4896:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4874:
4868:
4866:
4857:
4851:
4850:
4847:
4846:
4844:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4822:
4821:
4811:
4806:
4800:
4798:
4794:
4793:
4791:
4790:
4788:Leu-enkephalin
4785:
4783:Met-enkephalin
4779:
4777:
4771:
4770:
4768:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4751:
4749:
4743:
4742:
4740:
4739:
4734:
4728:
4726:
4720:
4719:
4717:
4716:
4714:β-Neoendorphin
4711:
4709:α-Neoendorphin
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4690:
4689:
4685:
4675:
4673:
4664:
4658:
4657:
4649:
4647:
4643:
4642:
4631:
4630:
4623:
4616:
4608:
4599:
4598:
4596:
4595:
4589:
4587:
4585:Abdominopelvic
4581:
4580:
4577:
4576:
4574:
4573:
4567:
4565:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4557:
4552:
4546:
4544:
4537:
4531:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4498:
4488:
4486:
4479:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4471:
4466:
4460:
4458:
4452:
4451:
4448:
4447:
4445:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4423:
4421:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4413:
4407:
4405:
4401:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4393:
4387:
4385:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4361:
4359:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4351:
4350:
4349:
4339:
4338:
4337:
4326:
4324:
4313:
4312:
4310:
4309:
4308:
4307:
4297:
4296:
4295:
4285:
4283:Enterogastrone
4279:
4277:
4270:
4257:
4253:
4252:
4249:
4248:
4246:
4245:
4244:
4243:
4233:
4232:
4231:
4221:
4220:
4219:
4208:
4206:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4195:
4190:
4184:
4182:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4158:
4156:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4148:
4147:
4146:
4141:
4137:
4131:Foveolar cells
4128:
4127:
4126:
4121:
4114:Parietal cells
4111:
4110:
4109:
4098:
4096:
4087:
4080:
4074:
4073:
4065:
4064:
4057:
4050:
4042:
4033:
4032:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4025:
4024:
4023:
4018:
4007:
4005:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3974:
3972:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3962:
3956:
3954:
3948:
3947:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3928:
3926:
3924:Adipose tissue
3920:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3912:
3911:
3910:
3905:
3894:
3892:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3869:Enteroglucagon
3865:
3863:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3827:
3825:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3815:
3810:
3804:
3802:
3793:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3772:
3771:
3769:Beta thymosins
3766:
3755:
3753:
3744:
3740:
3739:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3716:
3714:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3678:
3676:
3670:
3669:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3641:
3639:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3598:
3596:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3570:
3568:
3559:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3549:
3543:
3541:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3520:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3497:
3495:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3484:
3483:
3481:Norepinephrine
3478:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3434:Adrenal cortex
3430:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3414:
3409:
3408:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3356:
3354:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3339:
3333:
3331:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3285:
3283:
3274:
3263:
3255:
3254:
3247:
3246:
3239:
3232:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3194:
3193:External links
3191:
3189:
3188:
3151:
3116:
3086:
3041:
3009:Brain Research
3003:
2975:(3): 1056–71.
2960:
2925:
2905:(5): 1585–90.
2890:
2847:
2837:(6): 894–901.
2825:
2803:
2765:(22): 6932–6.
2750:
2697:
2660:
2622:(15): 4575–9.
2607:
2573:(4068): 77–9.
2562:
2509:
2466:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2420:. April 2012.
2405:
2380:
2331:
2298:
2289:
2273:"Somatostatin"
2260:
2224:
2183:
2142:
2135:
2112:
2069:
2030:(15): 4575–9.
2010:
1996:
1941:
1901:
1883:
1850:
1843:
1839:
1820:
1797:
1784:
1766:
1748:
1727:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1675:
1672:
1636:Actinopterygii
1579:
1576:
1502:
1501:
1460:
1458:
1451:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1422:
1419:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1391:
1384:
1377:
1361:
1358:
1334:
1331:
1310:growth hormone
1302:growth hormone
1278:neuroendocrine
1272:
1271:
1255:
1235:
1232:
1219:parietal cells
1207:pyloric antrum
1192:pyloric antrum
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1156:
1153:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1049:
1039:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1016:
1015:
1008:
1001:
997:
996:
993:
992:
982:
981:
975:
972:
971:
961:
960:
954:
950:
949:
946:
945:
935:
934:
928:
925:
924:
914:
913:
907:
903:
902:
899:
898:
890:
889:
883:
880:
879:
871:
870:
864:
858:
857:
854:
853:
845:
844:
838:
835:
834:
826:
825:
819:
813:
812:
809:
808:
800:
799:
793:
790:
789:
781:
780:
774:
768:
767:
762:
757:
753:
752:
742:
741:
738:
737:
726:
725:
723:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
641:
639:
635:
634:
632:
631:
626:
621:
615:
613:
609:
608:
606:
605:
599:
597:
593:
592:
582:
581:
578:
577:
574:
573:
565:
564:
553:
547:
546:
543:
542:
534:
533:
530:
529:
527:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
483:
482:
471:
468:
467:
465:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
443:jejunal mucosa
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
421:
420:
408:
407:
399:
388:
382:
381:
378:RNA expression
370:
369:
366:
365:
357:
353:
352:
344:
341:
336:
330:
329:
320:
313:
307:
303:
302:
297:
291:
290:
282:
281:
269:
268:
265:
264:
256:
252:
251:
243:
240:
235:
229:
228:
219:
212:
206:
202:
201:
194:
188:
187:
179:
178:
166:
165:
122:
118:
117:
109:
101:
100:
96:
95:
92:
91:
88:
87:
77:
76:
68:
67:
56:
50:
49:
41:
40:
37:
36:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5843:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5816:Neuropeptides
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5793:
5791:
5775:
5771:
5770:
5768:
5766:
5764:(somatomedin)
5756:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5739:-LysÂł)-GHRP-6
5733:
5731:
5730:Cortistatin-8
5728:
5726:
5723:
5720:
5719:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5571:
5568:
5567:
5565:
5563:
5553:
5547:
5544:
5541:
5540:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5491:
5488:
5487:
5485:
5483:
5473:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5446:
5445:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5396:Pentetreotide
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5326:
5325:
5323:
5321:
5311:
5302:
5297:
5294:
5293:
5290:
5287:
5284:
5283:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5269:
5268:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5169:
5168:
5166:
5164:
5154:
5150:
5147:
5144:
5130:
5125:
5123:
5118:
5116:
5111:
5110:
5107:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4977:
4975:
4971:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4956:
4954:
4952:
4948:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4923:
4921:
4917:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4900:
4898:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4869:
4867:
4865:
4861:
4858:
4856:neuropeptides
4852:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4820:
4817:
4816:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4801:
4799:
4795:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4776:
4772:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4748:
4744:
4738:
4737:Endomorphin-2
4735:
4733:
4732:Endomorphin-1
4730:
4729:
4727:
4725:
4721:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4699:Big dynorphin
4697:
4695:
4692:
4688:
4682:
4681:
4680:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4672:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4659:
4655:
4654:
4648:
4644:
4640:
4639:neuropeptides
4636:
4629:
4624:
4622:
4617:
4615:
4610:
4609:
4606:
4594:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4586:
4582:
4572:
4569:
4568:
4566:
4562:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4547:
4545:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4532:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4493:
4490:
4489:
4487:
4483:
4480:
4476:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4457:
4453:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4418:
4412:
4409:
4408:
4406:
4402:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4382:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4362:
4360:
4356:
4348:
4345:
4344:
4343:
4340:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4331:
4328:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4318:
4314:
4306:
4303:
4302:
4301:
4298:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4265:
4261:
4258:
4254:
4242:
4239:
4238:
4237:
4234:
4230:
4227:
4226:
4225:
4222:
4218:
4215:
4214:
4213:
4210:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4200:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4179:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4153:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4134:
4133:
4132:
4129:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4116:
4115:
4112:
4108:
4105:
4104:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4095:
4091:
4088:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4075:
4071:
4063:
4058:
4056:
4051:
4049:
4044:
4043:
4040:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4012:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4004:
4000:
3994:
3993:Prostaglandin
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3961:
3958:
3957:
3955:
3953:
3949:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3921:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3886:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3862:
3858:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3828:
3826:
3824:
3820:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3801:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3788:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3760:
3757:
3756:
3754:
3752:
3748:
3745:
3741:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3713:
3709:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3671:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3634:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3595:
3591:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3567:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3554:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3536:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3518:
3512:
3510:
3504:
3503:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3490:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3472:
3469:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3423:
3413:
3410:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3349:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3326:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:Hypothalamic–
3267:
3264:
3262:
3256:
3252:
3245:
3240:
3238:
3233:
3231:
3226:
3225:
3222:
3215:
3211:
3210:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3196:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3131:(2): 116–25.
3130:
3126:
3122:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3098:(5): 1630–9.
3097:
3093:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3056:(1): 373–80.
3055:
3051:
3050:Endocrinology
3047:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3015:(2): 349–57.
3014:
3010:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2899:Endocrinology
2896:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2862:(1–2): 53–9.
2861:
2857:
2853:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2815:(3): 417–27.
2814:
2810:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2456:(3): 91–102.
2455:
2451:
2446:
2445:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2409:
2394:
2390:
2384:
2376:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2351:(7): 769–76.
2350:
2346:
2342:
2335:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2305:
2303:
2293:
2278:
2274:
2267:
2265:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2241:(8): 677–85.
2240:
2236:
2228:
2220:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2187:
2179:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2146:
2138:
2136:9781437717532
2132:
2128:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2073:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2014:
2006:
2000:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1945:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1922:(1–2): 21–8.
1921:
1917:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1857:
1855:
1847:
1837:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1804:
1802:
1794:
1788:
1780:
1776:
1770:
1762:
1758:
1752:
1745:
1741:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1724:
1720:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1706:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1632:Sarcopterygii
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1604:SS1, SS2, SS3
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1575:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1542:
1539:(Somatuline,
1538:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1498:
1495:
1487:
1477:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1461:This section
1459:
1455:
1450:
1449:
1438:
1433:
1430:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1405:
1396:
1392:
1389:
1385:
1382:
1378:
1375:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1343:
1339:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1160:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1107:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1053:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1006:
1002:
998:
991:
989:
983:
979:
976:
970:
968:
962:
958:
955:
951:
944:
942:
936:
932:
929:
923:
921:
915:
911:
908:
906:RefSeq (mRNA)
904:
897:
896:
891:
887:
884:
878:
877:
872:
868:
865:
863:
859:
852:
851:
846:
842:
839:
833:
832:
827:
823:
820:
818:
814:
807:
806:
801:
797:
794:
788:
787:
782:
778:
775:
773:
769:
766:
763:
761:
758:
754:
751:
747:
743:
736:
732:
727:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
642:
640:
637:
636:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
616:
614:
611:
610:
604:
601:
600:
598:
595:
594:
591:
590:Gene ontology
587:
583:
571:
566:
562:
557:
554:
552:
548:
540:
535:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
487:
484:
480:
475:
472:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
425:
422:
418:
413:
410:
409:
406:
404:
400:
398:
397:
393:
392:
389:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
363:
358:
354:
350:
345:
335:
331:
324:
317:
311:
304:
296:
292:
288:
283:
279:
274:
270:
262:
257:
253:
249:
244:
234:
230:
223:
216:
210:
203:
199:
193:
189:
185:
180:
176:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
119:
114:
107:
102:
97:
86:
84:
78:
73:
70:
69:
65:
62:
55:
51:
46:
42:
38:
33:
30:
26:
22:
5722:Antagonists:
5721:
5706:
5678:Capromorelin
5665:Non-peptide:
5664:
5576:Alexamorelin
5572:
5569:
5543:Antagonists:
5542:
5492:
5489:
5448:Antagonists:
5447:
5441:Veldoreotide
5410:
5327:
5295:
5285:
5271:Antagonists:
5270:
5229:Somatotropin
5170:
5065:Neurophysins
4893:Neurokinin B
4888:Neurokinin A
4724:Endomorphins
4650:
4391:Goblet cells
4236:Somatostatin
4235:
4203:Gastric acid
4193:Gastric acid
4119:Gastric acid
3776:Thymopoietin
3712:Pineal gland
3697:Somatostatin
3696:
3660:Progesterone
3607:Progesterone
3574:Testosterone
3557:Gonadal axis
3529:Thyroid axis
3426:Adrenal axis
3313:
3281:Hypothalamus
3207:
3162:(2): 66–79.
3159:
3155:
3128:
3124:
3095:
3092:Biochemistry
3091:
3053:
3049:
3012:
3008:
2972:
2968:
2937:
2933:
2902:
2898:
2859:
2856:FEBS Letters
2855:
2834:
2830:
2812:
2808:
2762:
2758:
2709:
2705:
2668:
2664:
2619:
2615:
2570:
2566:
2524:(1): 251–5.
2521:
2517:
2478:
2474:
2453:
2449:
2426:. Retrieved
2417:
2414:"Acromegaly"
2408:
2396:. Retrieved
2392:
2383:
2348:
2344:
2334:
2323:. Retrieved
2319:the original
2314:
2292:
2281:. Retrieved
2276:
2238:
2234:
2227:
2200:
2196:
2186:
2159:
2155:
2145:
2126:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2027:
2023:
2013:
1999:
1961:(1): 43–52.
1958:
1954:
1944:
1919:
1915:
1895:
1886:
1875:. Retrieved
1871:the original
1866:
1833:
1810:
1787:
1778:
1769:
1760:
1751:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1581:
1550:
1535:
1505:
1490:
1481:
1470:Please help
1465:verification
1462:
1363:
1347:
1315:
1286:hypothalamus
1275:
1216:
1204:
1185:
1158:
1155:Nomenclature
1148:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1110:
1103:
1086:and affects
1071:
1067:
1064:Somatostatin
1063:
1062:
985:
964:
938:
917:
893:
874:
848:
829:
803:
784:
764:
759:
401:
394:
259:187,670,394
246:187,668,912
121:External IDs
80:
29:
21:Somatocrinin
5698:Macimorelin
5656:Tabimorelin
5651:Relamorelin
5631:Lenomorelin
5536:Tesamorelin
5531:Somatorelin
5466:Satoreotide
5391:Pasireotide
5376:NNC 26-9100
5356:Ilatreotide
5351:Edotreotide
5289:Atesidorsen
5279:Pegvisomant
5254:Somavaratan
5244:Sometribove
5219:Somapacitan
5214:Somagrebove
5070:Neurotensin
4980:Angiotensin
4919:Neuromedins
4908:Physalaemin
4883:Substance P
4877:Tachykinins
4872:Bradykinins
4819:Hemorphin-4
4804:Adrenorphin
4775:Enkephalins
4765:Îł-Endorphin
4760:β-Endorphin
4755:α-Endorphin
4694:Dynorphin B
4684:Dynorphin A
4679:Dynorphin A
4492:Peristalsis
4478:Either/both
4437:Borborygmus
4102:Chief cells
3960:Osteocalcin
3937:Adiponectin
3764:Thymosin α1
3539:Parathyroid
3439:Aldosterone
3342:Vasopressin
2309:Costoff A.
1861:Costoff A.
1628:cortistatin
1584:vertebrates
1556:orphan drug
1552:Pasireotide
1515:octapeptide
1409:cortistatin
1386:Inhibiting
1354:vagus nerve
1323:hippocampus
1306:somatotrope
1188:delta cells
1113:vertebrates
1106:amino acids
360:23,709,708
347:23,708,323
99:Identifiers
25:Somatomedin
5790:Categories
5673:Anamorelin
5661:Ulimorelin
5636:Livoletide
5626:Ipamorelin
5526:Sermorelin
5521:Rismorelin
5461:CYN-154806
5436:Vapreotide
5386:Octreotide
5381:Octreotate
5371:Lanreotide
5346:Depreotide
5264:Somidobove
5259:Somavubove
5224:Somatosalm
5149:modulators
4899:amphibian
4836:Spinorphin
4826:Nociceptin
4809:Amidorphin
4747:Endorphins
4704:Leumorphin
4671:Dynorphins
4517:Enterocyte
4442:Defecation
4162:Swallowing
4107:Pepsinogen
3988:Calcitriol
3874:Peptide YY
3524:Calcitonin
3476:Adrenaline
3405:Lipotropin
3400:Endorphins
2325:2008-02-19
2283:2008-02-19
1877:2008-02-19
1830:1243000176
1746:, May 2017
1725:, May 2017
1701:References
1695:Octreotide
1537:Lanreotide
1531:acromegaly
1507:Octreotide
1484:March 2009
1350:inhibitory
1177:Production
1111:Among the
405:(ortholog)
142:HomoloGene
5715:LY-444711
5710:LY-426410
5707:Unsorted:
5703:SM-130686
5693:L-692,585
5683:CP-464709
5668:Adenosine
5641:LY-444711
5570:Agonists:
5561:(ghrelin)
5506:Dumorelin
5496:ALRN-5281
5490:Agonists:
5451:BIM-23056
5406:Seglitide
5366:L-817,818
5361:L-803,087
5331:BIM-23052
5328:Agonists:
5274:G120K-hGH
5171:Agonists:
5146:signaling
5010:FMRFamide
4995:Carnosine
4879:: mammal
4841:Valorphin
4831:Opiorphin
4814:Hemorphin
4564:Processes
4535:Accessory
4512:Digestion
4485:Processes
4420:Processes
4375:APUD cell
4321:incretins
4268:paracrine
4264:Endocrine
4229:ECL cells
4224:Histamine
4205:secretion
4155:Processes
3759:Thymosins
3720:Melatonin
3602:Estradiol
3449:Cortisone
3375:Prolactin
3272:pituitary
3259:Endocrine
3073:1765/8996
1610:retained
1608:Tetrapods
1519:half-life
1395:prolactin
1333:Functions
1228:histamine
1212:paracrine
1141:Zebrafish
988:NP_033241
967:NP_001039
941:NM_009215
920:NM_001048
750:Orthologs
710:digestion
525:CA3 field
521:subiculum
427:beta cell
150:GeneCards
5776:instead.
5725:A-778193
5586:EP-51216
5573:Peptide:
5546:MZ-5-156
5501:CJC-1295
5493:Peptide:
5239:Somatrem
4985:Bombesin
4903:Kassinin
4653:hormones
4646:Hormones
4635:Peptides
4300:Secretin
4167:Vomiting
4094:Exocrine
4078:GI tract
3952:Skeleton
3942:Resistin
3841:Secretin
3823:Duodenum
3781:Thymulin
3682:Glucagon
3674:Pancreas
3655:Estrogen
3637:Placenta
3444:Cortisol
3337:Oxytocin
3299:Dopamine
3251:Hormones
3184:20438890
3176:11860030
3147:11823046
3112:11814357
3037:21793593
2886:22557713
2603:10997771
2505:28499704
2462:11753230
2422:Archived
2375:26076035
2219:26875623
1991:23346102
1983:20633132
1936:20472043
1742:–
1721:–
1690:Laetrile
1674:See also
1644:SS1, SS2
1564:Novartis
1513:) is an
1431:release.
1214:manner.
1198:and the
1196:duodenum
1074:) or by
1036:Wikidata
729:Sources:
435:duodenum
5749:YIL-781
5744:JMV2959
5596:Ghrelin
5426:SRIF-28
5421:SRIF-14
5085:RVD-Hpα
5030:Ghrelin
5015:Galanin
4951:Orexins
4347:L cells
4335:K cells
4305:S cells
4293:I cells
4241:D cells
4217:G cells
4212:Gastrin
3846:Motilin
3813:Ghrelin
3808:Gastrin
3800:Stomach
3687:Insulin
3622:Relaxin
3617:Inhibin
3612:Activin
3584:Inhibin
3493:Thyroid
3214:PDBe-KB
3204:UniProt
3082:9886848
3029:9878821
2999:9437026
2990:6792775
2956:8961277
2921:8612489
2878:8405411
2843:8100352
2821:7908405
2799:6196780
2767:Bibcode
2746:6145156
2714:Bibcode
2693:6142531
2673:Bibcode
2665:Science
2656:6126875
2624:Bibcode
2595:4682131
2575:Bibcode
2567:Science
2558:1346068
2526:Bibcode
2497:1337145
2366:4496282
2255:1359631
2178:9790225
2107:6142531
2087:Bibcode
2079:Science
2064:6126875
2032:Bibcode
1963:Bibcode
1744:Ensembl
1723:Ensembl
1640:teleost
1588:teleost
1429:insulin
1376:(GHRH))
1364:In the
1284:of the
1224:gastrin
1078:, is a
862:UniProt
817:Ensembl
756:Species
735:QuickGO
463:putamen
447:pylorus
380:pattern
106:Aliases
5621:GHRP-6
5616:GHRP-5
5611:GHRP-4
5606:GHRP-3
5601:GHRP-1
5431:TT-232
5401:RC-160
5336:CH-275
4864:Kinins
4797:Others
4543:Fluids
4404:Fluids
4188:Saliva
4181:Fluids
3970:Kidney
3932:Leptin
3891:/other
3751:Thymus
3692:Amylin
3566:Testis
3459:DHEA-S
3261:glands
3209:P61278
3182:
3174:
3145:
3110:
3080:
3035:
3027:
2997:
2987:
2954:
2919:
2884:
2876:
2841:
2819:
2797:
2790:390100
2787:
2744:
2737:345502
2734:
2691:
2654:
2647:346717
2644:
2601:
2593:
2556:
2546:
2503:
2495:
2460:
2428:5 July
2398:5 July
2373:
2363:
2253:
2217:
2197:Neuron
2176:
2133:
2105:
2062:
2055:346717
2052:
1989:
1981:
1934:
1838:, or G
1828:
1818:
1646:, and
1642:fish,
1622:) and
1568:analog
1545:analog
1342:D cell
1321:, the
1194:, the
1022:search
1020:PubMed
895:P60041
876:P61278
772:Entrez
551:BioGPS
439:cardia
238:3q27.3
130:182450
5760:IGF-1
5141:IGF-1
4973:Other
4854:Other
4342:GLP-1
4256:Lower
4144:Mucus
4086:Upper
4003:Heart
3978:Renin
3908:IGF-2
3903:IGF-1
3889:Liver
3879:GLP-1
3861:Ileum
3743:Other
3627:GnSAF
3594:Ovary
3180:S2CID
3033:S2CID
2882:S2CID
2599:S2CID
2549:48214
2501:S2CID
2418:NIDDK
1987:S2CID
1795:>.
1680:FK962
1620:SS-28
1616:SS-14
1411:(see
1397:(PRL)
1383:(TSH)
1304:from
1234:Brain
805:20604
765:Mouse
760:Human
731:Amigo
403:Mouse
396:Human
343:Start
278:Mouse
242:Start
175:Human
138:98326
5774:here
5772:See
5511:GHRH
5477:GHRH
5315:GHIH
5300:GHBP
5143:axis
4651:see
4550:Bile
3454:DHEA
3390:ACTH
3385:CLIP
3380:POMC
3309:GHRH
3289:GnRH
3202:for
3172:PMID
3143:PMID
3108:PMID
3078:PMID
3025:PMID
2995:PMID
2952:PMID
2917:PMID
2874:PMID
2839:PMID
2817:PMID
2795:PMID
2742:PMID
2689:PMID
2652:PMID
2591:PMID
2554:PMID
2493:PMID
2458:PMID
2430:2021
2400:2021
2371:PMID
2251:PMID
2215:PMID
2174:PMID
2131:ISBN
2103:PMID
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