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As cybernetics developed, its influence spread within the social sciences. Anthropologists
Gregory Bateson and Margret Mead had already been prominent during the Macy conferences. Concepts from cybernetics spread throughout psychology from the 1950s onwards.
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went on to distinguish a first order cybernetics, "the study of observed systems", and a second order cybernetics, "the study of observing systems". Second order cybernetics is explicitly based on a
1174:
Tilak, S., Glassman, M., Kuznetcova, I., & Pelfrey, G. L. (2021). Applications of cybernetics to psychological theory: Historical and conceptual explorations. Theory & Psychology.
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The New Wealth of
Nations: A New Enquiry into the Nature and Origins of the Wealth of Nations and the Societal Learning Arrangements Needed for a Sustainable Society
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and is concerned with issues of self-reference, paying particular attention to the observer-dependence of knowledge, including scientific theories.
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This article is about an academic discipline. For use of the similar term, Sociocyberneering, as a socioeconomic governing technique, see
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Sociocybernetics claims to include both what are called first order cybernetics and second order cybernetics. Cybernetics, according to
995:. The International Sociological Association has a specialist research committee in the area – RC51 – which publishes the (electronic)
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Sociocybernetics aims to generate a general theoretical framework for understanding cooperative behavior in the context of a
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Verwey, S.; Davis, C. (1 January 2011). "Sociocybernetics and autopoiesis - new laws of organisational form?".
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Managing
Education for Effective Schooling: The Most Important Problem Is to Come to Terms with Values.
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Scott B. (2016) Cybernetic foundations for psychology. Constructivist
Foundations 11(3): 509–517.
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Cybernetic
Principles for Effective Control in Complex Organizations
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1215:(C.V. Negoita, ed.). New York: Marcel Dekker, 1992, pp. 95–124.
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Geyer, Felix (June 1995). "The challenge of sociocybernetics".
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The term "socio" in the name of sociocybernetics refers to any
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is an interdisciplinary science between sociology and
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116:Learn how and when to remove this message
1286:Unionville, New York: Trillium Press. (
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290:Structural functionalism
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2216:Artificial intelligence
2035:Industrial revolutions
1483:Symbolic interactionism
1213:Handbook of Cybernetics
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310:Symbolic interactionism
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2259:
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2256:Connectionism
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2239:
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2234:
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2195:
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2110:
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2098:
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2076:
2073:
2071:
2070:Social equity
2068:
2066:
2063:
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2058:
2056:
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2048:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2016:Globalization
2014:
2012:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1993:
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1985:
1983:
1980:
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1975:
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1970:
1968:
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1960:
1958:
1955:
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1952:Computational
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1597:
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1594:consciousness
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1497:and subfields
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1425:Social theory
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1307:0-89824-232-0
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1037:
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1005:
1004:social system
1000:
998:
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990:
986:
975:
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968:
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952:
947:
942:
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936:
935:
934:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
911:Organizations
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904:
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899:
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890:
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875:
871:
867:
863:
860: ·
859:
856: ·
855:
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847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
816: ·
815:
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771:
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748: ·
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665:Computational
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531:
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411:
410:Environmental
408:
405:
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398:
396:
393:
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371:
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360:Consciousness
358:
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269:
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261:
258:
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248:
246:
243:
241:
240:Social equity
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
212:
208:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
186:Globalization
184:
182:
179:
178:
172:
171:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
152:
151:
150:
146:
142:
141:
138:
135:
134:
130:
129:
120:
117:
109:
106:February 2022
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67: –
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
21:Jacque Fresco
2614:Walter Pitts
2519:Marian Mazur
2394:Cliff Joslyn
2320:
2236:Biosemiotics
2150:
2143:
2131:
2107:
2075:Social power
1977:Mathematical
1957:Ethnographic
1937:Quantitative
1704:small groups
1577:Sociology of
1504:Anthropology
1444:Perspectives
1298:
1283:
1273:the original
1252:
1248:
1224:
1220:
1212:
1194:
1170:
1158:
1141:
1137:
1131:
1056:Cliodynamics
1038:
1023:
1016:
1001:
996:
984:
983:
896:Bibliography
810:
738:
737:
724:
690:Mathematical
670:Ethnographic
650:Quantitative
584:
335:Architecture
273:Perspectives
245:Social power
112:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
2645:Cybernetics
2549:Qian Xuesen
2429:Gordon Pask
2326:Synergetics
2291:Homeostasis
2231:Biorobotics
2202:cybernetics
2145:WikiProject
1947:Comparative
1942:Qualitative
1909:Baudrillard
1759:Tocqueville
1654:immigration
1629:environment
1514:Criminology
1227:(4): 6–32.
1201:Felix Geyer
1144:(2): 1–26.
1138:Communicare
1051:Autopoiesis
993:cybernetics
901:Terminology
870:Baudrillard
746:Tocqueville
660:Comparative
655:Qualitative
625:Victimology
455:Immigration
440:Generations
355:Criminology
2639:Categories
2109:Categories
2050:Popularity
2003:Key themes
1967:Historical
1719:technology
1524:Demography
1468:Positivism
1249:Kybernetes
1221:Kybernetes
1123:References
1111:War cycles
1086:Sociocracy
1076:Psychology
926:By country
680:Historical
605:Technology
545:Punishment
530:Philosophy
505:Mathematic
495:Literature
460:Industrial
450:Historical
375:Demography
295:Positivism
220:Popularity
175:Key themes
76:newspapers
2281:Emergence
2209:Subfields
1972:Interview
1754:Martineau
1659:knowledge
1619:education
1614:economics
1371:Sociology
1207:(1992). "
1091:Sociology
742:Martineau
685:Interview
610:Terrorism
590:Sociology
535:Political
475:Knowledge
395:Education
137:Sociology
2120:Journals
2031:Identity
1914:Bourdieu
1904:Habermas
1899:Luhmann
1894:Foucault
1829:Mannheim
1804:Durkheim
1689:religion
1679:military
1674:medicine
1624:emotions
1609:deviance
1392:Timeline
1292:34483891
1193:(2000).
1044:See also
921:Timeline
906:Journals
874:Bourdieu
866:Habermas
862:Luhmann
858:Foucault
802:Mannheim
782:Durkheim
555:Religion
515:Military
480:Language
465:Internet
420:Feminist
404:Jealousy
390:Economic
385:Disaster
380:Deviance
323:Branches
201:Identity
2133:Commons
2011:Society
1928:Methods
1919:Giddens
1884:Goffman
1879:Schoeck
1824:Du Bois
1789:Tönnies
1769:Spencer
1699:science
1669:leisure
1599:culture
1387:History
1382:Outline
1269:8353349
878:Giddens
876:·
872:·
864:·
852:·
850:Goffman
846:Schoeck
832:·
824:·
800:·
798:Du Bois
796:·
788:·
784:·
776:·
770:Tönnies
768:·
754:Spencer
752:·
730:·
643:Methods
620:Utopian
565:Science
510:Medical
500:Marxist
490:Leisure
400:Emotion
365:Culture
181:Society
160:Outline
155:History
90:scholar
1992:Survey
1889:Bauman
1864:Nisbet
1859:Merton
1849:Gehlen
1844:Adorno
1809:Addams
1799:Simmel
1794:Veblen
1784:Pareto
1774:Le Bon
1749:Sieyès
1649:health
1644:gender
1634:family
1305:
1290:
1267:
1211:" in:
1026:Wiener
916:People
854:Bauman
834:Nisbet
830:Merton
822:Gehlen
818:Adorno
811:1900s:
786:Addams
778:Simmel
774:Veblen
766:Pareto
758:Le Bon
739:1800s:
732:Sieyès
725:1700s:
705:Survey
630:Visual
540:Public
445:Health
435:Gender
425:Fiscal
415:Family
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
2115:lists
1869:Mills
1839:Fromm
1834:Elias
1819:Weber
1744:Comte
1709:space
1694:sport
1604:death
1397:Index
1276:(PDF)
1265:S2CID
1245:(PDF)
889:Lists
838:Mills
814:Fromm
806:Elias
794:Weber
728:Comte
615:Urban
600:Sport
595:Space
560:Rural
520:Music
470:Jewry
370:Death
330:Aging
165:Index
97:JSTOR
83:books
1874:Bell
1854:Aron
1814:Mead
1779:Ward
1764:Marx
1724:work
1639:food
1589:body
1303:ISBN
1288:OCLC
1203:and
1010:and
991:and
842:Bell
826:Aron
790:Mead
762:Ward
750:Marx
430:Food
350:Body
69:news
1664:law
1584:art
1257:doi
1229:doi
1146:hdl
1014:).
485:Law
340:Art
52:by
2641::
2043:/
2039:/
1263:.
1253:31
1251:.
1247:.
1225:24
1223:.
1142:30
1140:.
1021:.
999:.
868:·
848:·
844:·
840:·
836:·
828:·
820:·
804:·
792:·
780:·
772:·
764:·
760:·
756:·
744:·
213:/
209:/
2193:e
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2179:v
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1259::
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402:(
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113:(
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104:(
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87:·
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46:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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