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248:(CRREL) researchers described the engineering parameters necessary to make improvements to natural snow for use in landing fields. One level of improvement is used to support aircraft with skis. In 2016, CRREL researchers perfected field preparation practices that allow for use of heavy military transport and other wheeled aircraft on snow runways in Antarctica. Proof-of-concept tests employed a
28:
228:, which is used to create drifts and collect more snow in a given area than would otherwise naturally occur. The snow can be moved to other areas and groomed with the use of a snow groomer. Sometimes the snow fence is readily movable in order to maximize the collection of blown snow, despite wind direction changes. In Mora, Minnesota, the annual
123:(or dozer blade) and behind with a cutter (or roller). It is usually driven by diesel engines. When the machine drives over a snowfield, it pushes snow ahead of it and, at the same time, smooths out any surface unevenness.
219:
Snow farming is the use of obstacles, equipment and knowledge about management of snow in order to strategically manipulate snow coverage. Often this is done for the purpose of skiing or even preventing
142:
are also groomed in similar fashion, often with a wide "corduroy" area that allows skate-skiing plus classic ski tracks, imprinted with specialized ski guides. Manufacturers include
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Snow groomers built for ski slopes employ front mounted, hydraulically operated blades, powered rotary tillers and specialized shaping equipment for not only maintaining
183:(typically 0.040 to 0.060 kg/cm (about 4 to 6 kN/m) snow groomers are sometimes used elsewhere, e.g. for agricultural purposes, moving bulk goods, working on
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Snow groomers warn skiers and snowboarders with visual or acoustic signals. Groomers are mostly sent out during the night time after the close of the
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Climate Change in the
European Alps Adapting Winter Tourism and Natural Hazards Management: Adapting Winter Tourism and Natural Hazards Management
165:. Using cable lengths of up to 1,200 metres and a tractive force of up to 4.8 tonnes, winches can support the machines on steep slopes.
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A snow groomer for alpine slopes with plow, a surface finishing attachment for ski slopes, and a cable winch for grooming steep slopes
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TEST Pistenraupe
Prinoth LH 500, Anwender: Thermo Wipptal AG, (photos dated 15 June 2011), retrieved 5 September 2014
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would be in jeopardy without the use of snow farming to compensate for the lack of natural snow in recent years.
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86:, or compacting) the snow on them. A variation of the technique is used to construct snow runways in Antarctica.
154:(US), the Ohara Corporation (Japan), Zaugg (Switzerland), Favero Snow Tech (Italy) and Aztec/CM Dupon (France).
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A snow groomer for cross-country trails with snow plow and attachments for the skate and classical lanes.
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481:(Sherpa-Winde, Prinoth) ISR Internationale Seilbahn-Rundschau 22 April 2011, retrieved 5 September 2014
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Snow grooming is used in construction and maintenance of airstrips to support research stations in
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trails. These compact snow groomers make corduroy trails where a large snow groomer cannot access.
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345:"Meet the world's first wheelchair-bound piste basher driver fulfilling his childhood dream"
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A groomed cross-country trail, showing corduroy for skate-skiing and classic tracks (left)
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can be used for maintaining narrow paths, laying Nordic cross-country ski trails, or
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555:, Environment & Sustainable Development, Paris: OECD Publishing, p. 136,
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601:"In Northern Minnesota, 'Snow Farmers' Make Sure A Ski-Racing Tradition Endures"
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A snow groomer (informally called a "piste basher" in the United
Kingdom) is a
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and snowmobile trail conditions. The resulting pattern on the snow is known as
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A snow groomer is usually employed to pack snow and improve skiing and
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Roads and
Airfields in Cold Regions: A State of the Practice Report
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Snowmakers, snowmaking prevail when Mother Nature is uncooperative
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is the process of manipulating snow for recreational uses with a
624:
Vinson, Ted S.; Rooney, James W.; Haas, Wilbur H. (1996-01-01).
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Snow groomers can handle very steep gradients due to their low
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379:
International Trade
Commission USITC Pub 1117 1980 Appendix p2
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in certain areas like roads. The most popular obstacle is the
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trails and snowmobile trails by grooming (moving, flattening,
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towing specialized equipment. The process is used to maintain
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285:. U.S. Ski and Snowboard Association. 2004. pp. 2–337.
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Snow grooming equipment towed by a smaller vehicle like a
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and large contact area, but they can also be assisted by
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246:Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
256:and ski landings are routine at the Australian
252:. Wheeled aircraft capability exists at the US
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101:as part of a process, called "snow farming".
668:"CRREL Engineers Build Runway in Antarctica"
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761:Glossary of skiing and snowboarding terms
479:Neue Windentechnologie für steilste Hänge
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452:Zaugg track-based snow clearing systems
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172:so as not to interfere with daily and
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630:. ASCE Publications. pp. 91–94.
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279:USSA Cross-Country Technical Handbook
230:Vasaloppet USA cross-country ski race
531:. snowgroomers.net. 28 November 2022
516:Pistenraupen zum Bewegen von Hackgut
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651:This week at Davis: 18 January 2019
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666:Caruso, Aimee (18 December 2016).
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504:Pocahontas Times - Mountain Times
393:Cross-Country Skiing for Everyone
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656:. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
506:, Vol. 6 No. 2 February 2007
323:Cambridge English Dictionary
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397:. Stackpole Books. p.
377:Investigation No. 731-TA-36
343:Martin, Iain (2018-10-02).
299:Corduroy for Groomed Trails
140:Cross-country skiing trails
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529:"Types of Snow Groomers"
236:Snow runway construction
130:, but also for building
195:Snow grooming equipment
375:Mason, Kenneth (1980)
70:caterpillar, truck or
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1402:Category:Snowboarding
455:Global Railway Review
389:Older, Jules (1998).
138:and snow tube parks.
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16:Snow trail compaction
1122:Technique / learning
852:Cross-country skiing
786:Cross-country skiing
706:at Wikimedia Commons
889:Olympic disciplines
428:Ski Area Management
425:The History of Cats
296:Lockwood, Auguste,
1220:List of ski brands
992:Ski mountaineering
947:Para-alpine skiing
857:Backcountry skiing
497:2007-10-08 at the
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756:History of skiing
702:Media related to
637:978-0-7844-7412-9
159:centre of gravity
80:cross-country ski
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1348:Gondola lift
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1169:Skate skiing
1065:Snowboarding
982:Night skiing
965:Other skiing
952:Speed skiing
937:Glade skiing
901:Giant slalom
845:Recreational
826:Ski marathon
745:snowboarding
704:Snow groomer
677:. Retrieved
671:
661:
646:
626:
619:
608:. Retrieved
604:
595:
585:, retrieved
583:, p. 47
581:Ski Magazine
580:
577:"Groom Boom"
570:
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533:. Retrieved
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244:. U.S. Army
239:
218:
215:Snow farming
201:Side-by-Side
198:
178:
174:night skiing
167:
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125:
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105:Snow groomer
91:snowboarding
88:
55:
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1438:Snowmobiles
1428:Snow sports
1365:Hybrid lift
1129:Carved turn
1078:Backcountry
987:Ski archery
836:Ski touring
798:Ski jumping
779:Competitive
146:(Germany),
84:rototilling
1417:Categories
1326:detachable
1293:Snowmaking
1283:Ski tunnel
1159:Ski school
1149:Snowplough
1144:Pivot turn
1103:Slopestyle
1088:Freeriding
1055:Slopestyle
1045:Ski ballet
1030:Freeskiing
1025:Freeriding
942:Heliskiing
803:Ski flying
791:Paralympic
679:23 January
610:2019-02-11
587:2017-05-09
535:2022-12-06
442:Ohara Corp
362:2019-08-19
329:2019-07-26
305:2020-10-04
264:References
242:Antarctica
226:snow fence
222:snow drift
205:snowmobile
132:half pipes
128:ski slopes
64:snowmobile
39:A groomed
1333:Funicular
1321:Chairlift
1308:Ski lifts
1266:Superpipe
1261:Half-pipe
1249:amenities
1227:Snowboard
1178:Equipment
1134:Jump turn
1098:Half-pipe
1093:Freestyle
1050:Ski cross
867:Skijoring
819:Endurance
357:0307-1235
185:peat bogs
150:(Italy),
1358:tricable
1278:Ski area
1185:Bindings
972:Biathlon
916:Combined
911:Downhill
495:Archived
170:ski area
95:corduroy
1353:bicable
1343:Funitel
1338:Funifor
1200:Monoski
1083:Big air
1020:Big air
906:Super-G
605:NPR.org
467:History
209:fatbike
203:UTV or
191:sites.
163:winches
148:Prinoth
111:Snowcat
78:hills,
72:snowcat
60:tractor
1247:Resort
1195:Helmet
1073:Alpine
896:Slalom
741:Skiing
634:
559:
405:
355:
325:. 2019
189:biogas
187:or at
121:shovel
1298:Trail
1273:Piste
1210:Skins
1205:Poles
1190:Boots
1040:Mogul
283:(PDF)
68:piste
1232:Suit
1215:Skis
743:and
681:2023
632:ISBN
557:ISBN
457:2016
430:2015
403:ISBN
353:ISSN
250:C-17
1237:Wax
134:,
76:ski
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670:.
603:.
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411:.
401:.
399:87
351:.
347:.
321:.
260:.
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66:,
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733:e
726:t
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683:.
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