47:
1801:. Classic events occur on courses with tracks set by a grooming machine at precise intervals and with carefully planned curvature. Both poles may be used simultaneously ("double-poling") or with alternating foot and arm extended (as with running or walking) with the pole pushing on the side opposite of the extended, sliding ski. In classic skiing the alternating technique is used for the "diagonal stride"âthe predominant classic sub-technique. In diagonal-stride legs move like in ordinary walking, but with longer and more powerful steps. Diagonal is useful on level ground and on gentle uphill slopes. Uphill steps are shorter and more frequent. With double-poling both poles are used simultaneously for thrust, which may be augmented with striding. Double-poling is useful on level ground and on gentle downhill slopes. On steep uphills fishbone technique can be used.
1834:. Skis are waxed with a glide wax over their entire length, making them faster than classic skis. Freestyle events take place on smooth, wide, specially groomed courses. With the skating technique double-poling is usually employed with alternating skating strides or with every skate stride. The following table puts these poling sequences into order according to the speed achieved as a progression of "gears". In the lowest gear (rarely used in racing), one is poling on the side of the sliding ski, similar to diagonal stride. In the highest gear, the athlete skates without poles. There are equivalent terms in other languages; for example in Norwegian, skating is likened to paddling or dancing, depending on the tempo.
2017:
1478:
1816:
1022:
990:
1146:
434:
819:("ski touring race"). Major events have more than 10,000 participants where mass starts often have a modified starting order by groupings of participantsâwho have been judged to be of similar ability, beginning with the elite skiers group and ending with a group of the least experienced skiers. Skiers can use either classic or skate-skiing techniques, depending on the rules of the race. Awards are usually based on overall placement, placement by sex of athlete, and by age category. There are two major series in this category, the
1301:
868:
4922:
4694:
1330:
408:, started using the technique in 1984, when he found it to be much faster than classic style. Skating is most effective on wide, smooth, groomed trails, using fiberglass skis that glide well; it also benefits a stronger athleteâwhich, according to Olav BĂž, are the reasons that the technique made a breakthrough in the early 1980s. Athletes widely adopted skating to both sides by the time of the 1985 world championship and it was formally adopted by the FIS in 1986âdespite initial opposition from
5302:
1935:
training, introduction to competition and improvement of promising athletes with an emphasis on "stamina (endurance), strength, speed, skill and suppleness (flexibility)". It covers age groups from toddlers to mature adults, who are able to enjoy and participate in the sport. Similarly, the USSA has an outline of "Cross
Country Athlete Competencies" that has four phases beginning at 12 years old and under and addressing the 21 and older phase at the top. The program encompasses six "domains:"
5806:
2042:
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that courses present a variety of uphills, varying in lengths and gradients between 6% and 12%, which are arrayed efficiently within the venue. It cites two types of stadium, the horseshoe (preferred for television) and the "ski in, ski out" layout. It emphasizes the importance of accommodating television coverage at the start, finish, and exchange zones for equipment or relays. In addition, television coverage requires a variety of facilities to support the activities of the press.
1506:
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803:
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536:
1050:
929:
1082:
958:
1421:
1392:
1203:
262:
897:
1240:
1730:
1710:(IPC). Paralympic cross-country skiing includes standing events, sitting events (for wheelchair users), and events for visually impaired athletes under the rules of the International Paralympic Committee. These are divided into several categories for people who are missing limbs, have amputations, are blind, or have any other physical disability, to continue their sport. The classifications are for:
527:, cross-country skiing will feature events in both classic cross-country and skate skiing (also called free technique). The two styles alternate at the major events (Olympic Games, World Championships). For example, at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, the 15 km men's individual race was a skate skiing event. Therefore, at the 2022 Olympics, this event will be skied in classic style.
274:
1643:. Depending on the shooting performance, extra distance or time is added to the contestant's total running distance/time. For each shooting round, the biathlete must hit five targets; the skier receives a penalty for each missed target, which varies according to the competition rules; in any given competition one of the following penalties would apply:
2080:
A course is expected to test the skier's technical and physical abilities, to be laid out in a manner that takes advantage of the natural terrain, and to provide smooth transitions among uphills, downhills and "undulating" terrainâdistributed approximately evenly among the three. The manual advocates
2003:
Athletes train for each level on a seasonal schedule designed for the targeted events: marathon or mid-distance. Additional aspects of training address aerobic (low-intensity) exerciseâespecially for enduranceâand strength to improve joint flexibility and to minimize the risk of injury. Cross-country
1934:
Countries with cross-country ski teams usually have a strategy for developing promising athletes and programs to encourage participation in the sport, starting at a young age. One example is Cross-Country Ski Canada's "Long-Term
Athlete Development" program. The program encompasses youth development,
2091:
to provide the grooming surface on the race course. Such snow tends to be denser and icier than natural snow, which increases the speed of skiers, especially on downhills. With the increase of speed and a harder surface, comes the increased risk of injuries from falls. The FIS claims to be compiling
1958:
Ski training for the athlete depends on whether the desired specialty emphasizes endurance (marathon) or intensity (mid-distance events). The "intensity" theory of ski training uses stress to break down muscles and recovery to build them up stronger than before. In this theory, there are five levels
841:
Ski
Classics is a commercially sponsored international long-distance cross-country skiing cup competition, held in Europe. It originated in January 2011. As of the winter of 2015â6, the tour consisted of eight long-distance events, preceded by a prologue of 15 km and La Sgambeda of 24 km:
225:
units were skiing for sport (and prizes) in the 18th century. Starting in the latter part of the 20th century, technique evolved from the striding in-track classic technique to include skate-skiing, which occurs on courses that have been groomed with wide lanes for those using the technique. At the
2024:
In its "Organizing committee handbook", the FIS covers aspects of race management, including the layout of the competition venue, organization of the events (including scheduling, officiating, and awards), and addressing ancillary factors, such as the role of the media. National handbooks, such as
2032:
the course to provide a surface for skate-skiing and setting tracks for classic events. This takes into account snow physics, methods for packing snow and surface shaping, and the equipment used for these functions. Also key is the layout of grooming and track setting in the stadium with various
1119:
The
Worldloppet Ski Federation recognizes twenty ski marathons including those in the Ski Classics series (except La Diagonala and Ă
refjÀllslopet). They recognize those athletes who complete Worldloppet races in 10 countries, at least one of which has to be on another continent, to qualify as a
343:
In the 1800s racers used a single, wooden pole, which was longer and stronger than modern poles, and could be used for braking downhill, as well. In Norway, racing with two poles ("Finland style") met with resistance, starting in the 1880s, when some race rules forbade them; objections included
328:) existed in Norway during the 18th and 19th centuries, but were discontinued when the main ski festival in Oslo focused on long races (competitive cross-country skiing) and ski jumping (now known as the Nordic disciplines). The alpine disciplines reemerged in Central Europe around 1920.
1120:"Worldloppet Master". The organization, sanctioned by FIS, seeks to attract elite racers to its events with the FIS Worldloppet Cup and aims thereby to "increase media and spectator interest in long distance racing". Notable races, other than the Ski Classics series include:
395:
developed a variant of the style for marathon or other endurance events in the 1970s by leaving one ski in the track while skating outwards to the side with the other ski (one-sided skating); this became known as the "marathon skate". American skier
249:. The organization of cross-country ski competitions aims to make those events accessible both to spectators and television audiences. As with other sports that require endurance, strength and speed, some athletes have chosen to use banned
2053:
and the stadium in a manner that not only enhances the experience of spectators, but of viewers, as wellânot just to show the athletes in action, but to show the ways in which fans enjoy the action. The manual includes considerations of:
5825:
633:
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5820:
814:
A ski marathon is a long-distance, usually point-to-point race, of more than 40 kilometers; some are held concurrent with shorter races and participation is usually open to the public. In
Norwegian, such a race is called
628:
3739:
1619:
1762:. For classic events, typical ski lengths are between 195 and 210 centimetres, while ski lengths for skating are 170 to 200 cm. Skis for skating are also more rigid than skis for classical. Skis are
3068:
3441:
391:, one of the earliest recorded use of skating in competitive cross-country skiing. This technique was later used in ski orienteering in the 1960s on roads and other firm surfaces. Finnish skier
5830:
1653:
Use of an extra cartridge (placed at the shooting range) to hit the target; only three such extras are available for each round, and a penalty loop must be made for each target left standing.
46:
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559:
have been held in various numbers and types of events since 1925 for men and since 1954 for women. From 1924 to 1939, the World
Championships were held annually, including years with
3772:
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1793:
In classic cross-country skiing the skis remain parallel, as the skier strides straight ahead. The undersides of the skis have a grip section in the middle treated with a special
2049:
In its "Cross-country homologation manual", the FIS recognizes that fans of the sport wish to follow it on television. With this in mind, the manual addresses how to design the
5557:
245:
Athletes train to achieve endurance, strength, speed, skill and flexibility at different levels of intensity. Off-season training often occurs on dry land, sometimes on
3509:
379:
in 1900, the
Norwegian Bjarne Nilssen won the 23 km cross-country race and was observed using a skating motion while skiingâa technique unknown to the spectators.
324:
refers to "competitive skiing where the goal is to complete a specific distance in pre-set tracks in the shortest possible time". Alpine skiing competitions (known as
563:. After World War II, the World Championships were held every four years from 1950 to 1982. Since 1985, the World Championships have been held in odd-numbered years.
3158:
3746:
308:"Long racing" with full military kit and a gun on the shoulder over ca. 2.5 km of "flat ground" within 15 minutes (precursor to modern cross-country skiing).
3072:
1744:
Cross-country ski competitors employ one of two techniques, according to the event: classic and skating (in freestyle races, where all techniques are allowed).
316:. The announcement called the event a "wagering race on skis". A distinct alpine technique emerged around 1900 from how skiing was practiced up until then when
3452:
1970:
Strength: Strength training improves flexibility and joint motion to minimize injury and to improve overall strength, not addressed by sport-specific training.
1914:, which is used while descending and can provide braking, and the step turn, which is used for maintaining speed during descents or out of track on flats. The
1830:
While skate skiing, the skier provides propulsion on a firm snow surface by pushing alternating skis away from one another at an angle, in a manner similar to
344:
issues of aestheticsâhow they made skiers " like geese". As the use of pairs of pole became the norm, materials favored lightness and strength, starting with
2171:, Johannes Eder, Roland Diethart and Christian Hoffmann, from all future Olympic competition. An Italian court found Tauber and Pinter not guilty in 2012.
2025:
the "USSA Cross-Country
Technical Handbook" and the "Cross Country Canada officials manual", provide further guidance, sometimes specific to their venues.
3803:
1967:
Aerobic: Low-intensity, aerobic training (at 60â70% of an athlete's maximum intensity) should consume most of the training hours for endurance athletes.
400:
further developed the marathon skate technique in the late 1970s. Skate skiing became widespread during the 1980s after Koch's success with it in the
3980:
3673:
5550:
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1096:
469:
140:
136:
4683:
472:) among the five principal disciplines. Cross-country events have evolved in the Winter Olympics since 1924, as seen in the following timeline:
3709:
2155:
was ejected from competition after testing positive for the blood booster EPO. In 2007, The
International Olympic Committee banned biathletes,
1999:
Speed: This level of training addresses the athlete's ability to sprint and is neuromuscular, essentially training the muscles to move quickly.
3099:
585:
5543:
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1647:
Skiing around a 150-metre (490 ft) penalty loop, which, depending on conditions, takes 20â30 seconds for elite athletes to complete.
1615:
180:
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883:
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Equipment selection, use, and maintenance of the athlete's skis, boots, bindings, wax, clothing, and poles necessary to success.
3483:
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3619:
3516:
3413:
3385:
3283:
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that provides friction when the foot is still, yet glides when the foot is in motion, while the rest of the ski bottom has a
1599:
208:
1603:
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230:
evolved from skis and poles that were made of wood and other natural materials to comprising such man-made materials as
5566:
1707:
1244:
556:
172:
1945:
Psychological and sociological skills, emphasizing sound relationships and the mental skills required for competition.
3206:
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305:
Downhill racing on large slopes without "riding or resting on their stick" or falling (precursor to downhill racing).
4852:
4235:
3966:
2050:
5067:
4039:
2092:
data on the comparative frequency and severity of falls, but wasn't sharing the information, as of
January 2022.
1948:
Training and competition performance, addressing goal-directed training to achieve favorable competition results.
1687:
1663:
504:
340:) are long-distance cross-country competitions open to the public, competition is usually within age categories.
302:"Hurling" themselves while racing downhill among trees "without falling or breaking skis" (precursor to slalom).
216:
3046:
2100:
As with other sports, some competitors in cross-country skiing have chosen to enhance their performance through
2029:
5866:
4669:
3314:
30:
This article is about the sport of competitive cross-country skiing. For cross-country skiing in general, see
5856:
1611:
2174:
Skiers, who have tested positive for EPO or other performance-enhancing drugs, include (date of sanction):
456:
are a major international sporting event that occurs once every four years. The first Winter Olympics, the
299:
Shooting at prescribed targets at 40â50 paces while skiing downhill at "top speed" (precursor to biathlon).
168:
66:
3680:
3017:
581:
250:
176:
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192:
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4159:
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1114:
824:
200:
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371:
was introduced to competition in the 20th Century. At the first German ski championship, held at the
227:
17:
3590:
320:
advocated the "Lilienfelder Ski Method" as an alternative to the Norwegian technique. In Norwegian,
5371:
4911:
4755:
4326:
1973:
Lactate Threshold: This level builds an efficient base speed by training the body to convert blood
1771:
1695:
219:
that allows athletes with disabilities to compete at cross-country skiing with adaptive equipment.
188:
3107:
2104:. Anti-doping tests at the 2001 World Nordic skiing championships in Lahti, Finland revealed that
2101:
1720:
Skiers with visual impairment including blindness, low visual acuity, and limited field of vision.
5524:
4891:
2475:
1782:
1680:
872:
500:
372:
152:
3611:
3605:
3377:
3371:
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4341:
4164:
2527:
1454:
266:
2926:"Wordloppet Anniversary Bookâ30 years of skiing around the world (Skating, Siitonen and Koch)"
2781:
2775:
2016:
1974:
1606:
is organized every odd year and includes sprint, middle and long distance competitions, and a
4969:
4896:
4819:
4697:
4650:
4606:
3577:
1160:
215:, where competitors race on cross-country skis and stop to shoot at targets with rifles, and
61:
3879:
2749:
2140:. In addition, the team head coach left needles and drip bags at a public location near the
5437:
5397:
5120:
4845:
4601:
4574:
4100:
1942:
Physiological and motor skills addressing physical fitness, strength, power, and endurance.
1714:
Standing skiers with arm impairments, leg impairments or with both arm and leg impairments.
1691:
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1086:
560:
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516:
510:
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164:
31:
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8:
5271:
5206:
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2121:
1996:âvolume of oxygen that the lungs pass into the musculature via the cardiovascular system.
1396:
994:
292:
51:
2045:
A cross-country skiing stadium was part of the racing venue at the Lahti Ski Games 2010.
2004:
ski training occurs throughout the year, including on dry land where athletes engage in
1815:
1436:
5286:
5072:
5062:
4799:
4468:
4240:
4195:
4105:
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1960:
1810:
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333:
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1464:
295:, codified four classes of military skiing contests and established prizes for each:
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2501:
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2345:
2160:
2117:
1985:
1054:
397:
286:
2696:
2280:
5494:
5356:
5281:
5188:
5163:
5150:
5087:
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4361:
4283:
4255:
4079:
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for speed and, in the case of classic skis, traction when striding forward. Racing
1699:
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1207:
437:
388:
204:
147:
86:
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588:
are announced who have the highest total scores at the end of the World Cup season
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formats for starts, finishes and intermediate functions for relays and pursuits.
1915:
1672:
1305:
1150:
976:
575:
441:
317:
2397:
2113:
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1785:. Poles designed for skating are longer than those designed for classic skiing.
1733:
1717:
Sit-Skiers, all with leg impairments, but with varying degrees of torso control.
1425:
5256:
5224:
5140:
4921:
4745:
4564:
4180:
2924:
Field, Patrick; Corradini, Angelo (2007), Paal, Epp; Corradini, Angelo (eds.),
2854:
Rolf Bryhn; Knut Are Tvedt, eds. (1990). "Kunnskapsforlagets idrettsleksikon".
2709:
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600:
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392:
222:
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for athletes with disabilities. Paralympic cross-country skiing is one of two
1100:
599:
of cycling, it is held annually during late December and early January in the
171:
and by various national organizations. International competitions include the
5850:
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2005:
1911:
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1329:
1287:
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1174:
807:
278:
246:
131:
5805:
3260:
2041:
1954:
Education that eventually allows the athlete to become his or her own coach.
1770:
are also lighter than recreational ones and are attached at the toe only to
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1571:
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5427:
5338:
5318:
5291:
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413:
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368:
239:
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119:
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3572:
Kuzzy, Garrott (December 2008). "Intensity training". Cross Country Skier.
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3827:"Doping Disaster for Finnish Ski Team: a Turning Point for Drug Testing?"
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2410:
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1283:
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1068:
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is causing venues, accustomed to natural snow, to rely increasingly on
1039:
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802:
231:
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An early record of a public ski competition was for an 1843 event in
115:
111:
3880:"Six Austrian Nordic skiers banned for life by IOC for blood-doping"
2020:
Event celebration with a podium ceremony is part of race management.
1520:
313:
5504:
5478:
4943:
4906:
4708:
4556:
4526:
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2748:(Licentiate thesis). LuleÄ University of Technology. Archived from
1754:
are lighter, narrower and designed to be faster than those used in
1703:
1636:
1631:
1316:
915:
461:
433:
353:
212:
163:
encompasses a variety of race formats and course lengths. Rules of
3185:
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4869:
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4591:
4586:
4485:
4448:
4331:
4268:
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2988:"Skier Bill Koch the winter after his cross-country championship"
2742:
Investigation of the most essential factors influencing ski glide
1989:
1918:(or "snowplow turn"), is sometimes used for braking and turning.
1763:
1676:
1548:
1468:
1449:
1407:
1382:
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1254:
1222:
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1169:
1035:
1008:
948:
928:
604:
544:
417:
261:
3853:"Austrian cross-country skier kicked out of Olympics for doping"
1736:
skis with classic, diagonal-stride technique uphill in track at
1729:
273:
5129:
4953:
4861:
4762:
3989:
1977:
into energy, rather than creating a sensation of tired muscles.
1440:
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1411:
1391:
1320:
1300:
1230:
1226:
1202:
1081:
1072:
1049:
980:
957:
519:: Appearance of sprint and mass start events in Salt Lake City.
409:
345:
4521:
3451:. United States Ski and Snowboard Association. Archived from
1607:
1496:
1477:
1378:
1258:
1239:
1189:
919:
911:
896:
608:
491:: men's 30 km and the women's 3 Ă 5 km relay added.
3306:
4735:
3773:"Climate change: Athletes flag the dangers of manmade snow"
3737:
3634:
2856:
Kunnskapsforlagets idrettsleksikon (Encyclopedia of Sports)
2112:
and two other skiers from Finland's gold-medal relay team,
107:
3745:(6 ed.). International Ski Federation. Archived from
3069:"Which cross-country ski disciplines are in the Olympics?"
2008:
and ski striding to maintain ski-specific muscle fitness.
4830:
4463:
3515:. Professional Ski Instructors of America. Archived from
1751:
615:, as part of the FIS Cross-Country World Cup (since 2006)
3507:
2853:
2829:, translated by W. Edson Richmond. Oslo: Samlaget, 1993.
2777:
Two Planks and a Passion: The Dramatic History of Skiing
570:
The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships (also including
420:âwhile preserving events using only classic technique.
404:
drew more attention to the technique. Norwegian skier,
5565:
3133:"WL Rules and RegulationsâEverything you need to know"
1939:
Technical skills specific to cross-country ski racing.
3906:"Seks Ăžsterrikere frikjent, tre dĂžmt etter OL-doping"
3703:
3701:
3679:. U.S. Ski and Snowboard Association. Archived from
3207:"FIS Worldloppet Cup presented by WorldloppetâRules"
2849:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2136:(EPO). EPO boosts the oxygen-carrying capability of
3546:Fish, Bryan (December 2008). "Plan your training".
3435:
3433:
3288:
Rules adopted by the 2012 10th Regular IBU Congress
3159:"Ski Classics â vill göra lĂ„ngloppen mera populĂ€ra"
360:, and ultimately carbon fiber, introduced in 1975.
3733:
3731:
3698:
3209:. Worldloppet Ski Federation. 2015. Archived from
1774:that are specialized for classic or skate skiing.
191:and freestyle events, where the skiers may employ
2832:
1921:
5848:
3430:
3376:. Consolidated Amethyst Communications. p.
2881:"Skistavens historie: Hjelpemiddel og brÄkmaker"
620:FIS Nordic World Ski Championships medal events
3728:
2919:
2917:
4691:
3646:. International Ski Federation. Archived from
3440:Cross Country Competencies Task Force (2002).
3290:. International Biathlon Union. Archived from
3106:, International Ski Federation, archived from
2923:
5551:
4846:
4677:
3974:
3628:
3406:Cross-country skiing: touring and competition
2935:, World Loppet Ski Foundation, archived from
1930:Dry-land training and racing with roller skis
3510:"Cross Country Certification Standards 2014"
3281:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3135:. Worldloppet Ski Federation. Archived from
3047:"Cross Country Skiing Equipment and History"
3011:
3009:
2914:
2120:, and two female skiers tested positive for
1650:Adding one minute to the skier's total time.
1620:World Masters Ski Orienteering Championships
348:, which gave way to fiberglass, used at the
3988:
3225:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2803:
2801:
2028:An important aspect of race preparation is
1910:The primary turns used for racing, are the
1857:Diagonal V: single pole on stationary side
1679:competing on cross-country sit-skis at the
1616:Junior World Ski Orienteering Championships
5558:
5544:
4853:
4839:
4684:
4670:
3981:
3967:
3954:Video depicting V2 alternate skate-skiing.
3477:
3475:
3473:
3373:The Better Way to Go: Cross Country Skiing
3126:
3124:
3024:. International Skiing History Association
2872:
2036:
1781:and feature smaller, lighter baskets than
1724:
541:FIS Nordic World Ski Championships of 2009
4010:Glossary of skiing and snowboarding terms
3801:
3369:
3363:
3258:
3247:
3161:. LĂ€ngd. 30 November 2010. Archived from
3130:
3006:
2979:
1748:combines the two techniques in one race.
4555:
3770:
3610:(5 ed.). Winchester Press. p.
3567:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3408:(3d ed.). Toronto: Copp C. Pitman.
2858:. Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. p. 455.
2814:
2798:
2773:
2040:
2015:
1925:
1814:
1728:
1667:
1575:Olympic women's biathlon gold medalists
1570:
801:
534:
432:
272:
260:
3939:Video depicting skate-skiing technique.
3710:"Cross Country Canada officials manual"
3707:
3674:"USSA Cross-Country Technical Handbook"
3541:
3539:
3537:
3503:
3501:
3484:"Cross-Country SkiingâA Sport For Life"
3470:
3399:
3397:
3263:. International Orienteering Federation
3183:
3121:
3018:"Cross-country skating: How it started"
2985:
2767:
2734:
2732:
2061:Requirements for different race formats
1777:Racing ski poles are usually made from
428:
402:1982 Cross-country Skiing Championships
14:
5849:
3824:
3508:PSIA Standards Committee (June 2014).
3094:
3092:
3090:
3041:
3039:
2965:Cross Country Ski Tips and Information
2878:
2738:
830:
187:, groomed courses designed to support
5539:
4834:
4665:
3962:
3903:
3877:
3802:Culpepper, Chuck (12 February 2014).
3571:
3554:
3319:IPC Cross-Country Skiing and Biathlon
3015:
1600:International Orienteering Federation
1108:
209:International Orienteering Federation
3831:News & Comment / Sports Medicine
3783:from the original on 11 January 2022
3771:Bellisle, Martha (11 January 2022).
3738:FIS Cross-Country Committee (2012).
3671:
3635:FIS Cross-Country Committee (2011).
3603:
3545:
3534:
3498:
3481:
3442:"Cross Country Athlete Competencies"
3403:
3394:
3321:. International Paralympic Committee
2901:
2729:
2067:Courses for skiers with disabilities
1604:World Ski Orienteering Championships
444:at the 1956 Winter Olympic Games in
195:. It also encompasses cross-country
3740:"Cross-country homologation manual"
3708:Thomson, Jim, ed. (November 2009).
3312:
3087:
3036:
1879:V2: Double pole on alternate sides
1560:
211:. Related forms of competition are
24:
5567:FIS Nordic World Ski Championships
3934:Video depicting classic technique.
3235:. Worldloppet Ski Federation. 2012
2879:Brugge, Mette (20 December 2015).
2774:Huntford, Roland (November 2008).
2011:
1822:skate skis at a qualifier for the
1708:International Paralympic Committee
1639:combines cross-country skiing and
1245:Sapporo International Ski Marathon
783:Combined/double pursuit/Skiathlon
557:FIS Nordic World Ski Championships
383:used the skating technique at the
291:In 1767 Danish-Norwegian general,
173:FIS Nordic World Ski Championships
25:
5878:
3927:
3284:"IBU Event and Competition Rules"
3049:. International Olympic Committee
2986:Robbins, Paul (11 January 1983).
1756:recreational cross-country skiing
1706:. Competition is governed by the
1583:at the World Cup pursuit race in
91:Separate events for men and women
5804:
5300:
4920:
4692:
4646:
4645:
4636:
4635:
3949:Video depicting V2 skate-skiing.
3944:Video depicting V1 skate-skiing.
2889:(in Norwegian). Oslo. p. 14
2163:, and the cross-country skiers,
2073:Waxing rooms with ski test areas
1890:V2 alternate (open field skate)
1532:
1504:
1476:
1448:
1419:
1390:
1361:
1328:
1299:
1266:
1238:
1201:
1168:
1161:Falls Creek, Victoria, Australia
1144:
1080:
1048:
1020:
988:
956:
927:
895:
866:
806:Marathon mass start at the 2006
161:Competitive cross-country skiing
45:
3897:
3871:
3845:
3818:
3795:
3764:
3665:
3597:
3333:
3275:
3199:
3177:
3151:
3061:
2780:. Bloomsbury Academic. p.
2151:, Austrian cross-country skier
1688:Paralympic cross-country skiing
1664:Paralympic cross-country skiing
1127:
849:
795:
505:Paralympic cross-country skiing
485:.: Women's Nordic skiing debuts
363:
217:paralympic cross-country skiing
3370:Talesnick, Stan (March 1983).
3315:"Nordic Skiing Classification"
2953:
1922:Skier development and training
1614:is organized every even year.
479:: Cross-country skiing debuts.
13:
1:
3878:Kelso, Paul (25 April 2007).
3637:"Organizing committee manual"
2992:The Christian Science Monitor
2723:
1868:V1: Double pole on same side
1657:
1598:discipline recognized by the
530:
40:Cross-country ski competition
3912:(in Norwegian). langrenn.com
1610:for both men and women. The
169:International Ski Federation
7:
5398:Radio-controlled car racing
1625:
582:FIS Cross-Country World Cup
539:Classical event during the
513:: Women's 20 km added.
251:performance-enhancing drugs
177:FIS Cross-Country World Cup
10:
5883:
5053:Mountain bike orienteering
4860:
3859:. Sports. 23 February 2014
3604:Hall, Marty (March 1982).
3486:. Cross Ski Country Canada
2909:Norske ski erobrer verden.
2554:Natalya Baranova-Masalkina
2149:Sochi Winter Olympic Games
1808:
1804:
1788:
1661:
1629:
1564:
1124:Worldloppet Series events
1115:Worldloppet Ski Federation
1112:
834:
497:: Women's 5 km added.
284:
256:
207:events, sanctioned by the
201:Worldloppet Ski Federation
199:events, sanctioned by the
29:
5813:
5802:
5573:
5520:
5487:
5451:
5420:
5385:
5377:Offshore powerboat racing
5347:
5329:Motorcycle chariot racing
5309:
5298:
5242:
5233:
5215:
5187:
5149:
5096:
5038:
4998:
4962:
4929:
4918:
4877:
4868:
4808:
4704:
4631:
4494:
4426:
4370:
4312:
4254:
4213:
4173:
4137:
4128:
4093:
4067:
4027:
4018:
4000:
2827:Skiing throughout history
2807:Bergsland, Einar (1946):
2128:expander usually used to
2095:
1838:Skate-skiing terminology
423:
146:
130:
125:
103:
95:
85:
80:
72:
59:
44:
5696:1984 Rovaniemi/Engelberg
5646:1950 Lake Placid/Rumford
5641:(1941 Cortina d'Ampezzo)
5372:Inshore powerboat racing
3825:Seiler, Stephen (2001).
1622:are organized annually.
676:1991â1999, 2025âPresent
525:2022 Olympics in Beijing
330:Ski touring competitions
183:. Such races occur over
76:Cross-country, XC skiing
27:Competitive winter sport
5525:List of forms of racing
4892:Middle-distance running
3644:Cross-Country World Cup
3184:Nilsson, David (2015).
3022:Skiing History Magazine
3016:Bengtsson, Bengt Erik.
2739:Kuzmin, Leonid (2006).
2476:Evi Sachenbacher-Stehle
2037:Design of racing venues
1988:to build the athlete's
1725:Technique and equipment
1700:Winter Paralympic Games
1681:2010 Winter Paralympics
501:1976 Winter Paralympics
385:1931 World Championship
5591:1927 Cortina d'Ampezzo
5367:Jet sprint boat racing
3716:. Cross Country Canada
3585:Cite journal requires
3550:. Cross Country Skier.
3548:Training Tips from CXC
3233:"What is Worldloppet?"
2911:Oslo: Gyldendal, 1952.
2528:Martin Johnsrud Sundby
2058:Course design criteria
2046:
2021:
1931:
1827:
1741:
1684:
1588:
1455:Fossavatn Ski Marathon
846:Classic Series events
811:
772:4 Ă 7.5 km relay
552:
464:, France and included
449:
440:headed for victory in
337:
282:
270:
267:Ballangen Municipality
167:are sanctioned by the
5867:Winter Olympic sports
5826:Cross-country (women)
4970:Cross country running
4897:Long-distance running
4820:Summer Olympic sports
4698:Winter Olympic sports
4651:Category:Snowboarding
3904:Staff (6 July 2012).
3449:Development resources
3341:"About Cross Country"
3282:IBU Congress (2012).
2044:
2019:
1984:max: This level uses
1929:
1818:
1732:
1671:
1574:
1001:42 / 21 / 17 km
967:90 / 45 / 30 km
805:
750:3 Ă 5 km relay
739:4 Ă 10 km relay
538:
436:
276:
264:
240:polyethylene plastics
5857:Cross-country skiing
5464:Cross-country skiing
5438:Slalom skateboarding
5121:Mountain bike racing
4371:Technique / learning
4101:Cross-country skiing
4035:Cross-country skiing
3404:Rees, David (1981).
3186:"Visma Ski Classics"
2942:on 27 September 2015
1901:Skate without poles
1849:Term used in Canada
1846:Term used in the US
1692:cross-country skiing
1690:is an adaptation of
1335:American Birkebeiner
761:4 Ă 5 km relay
566:FIS events include:
561:Winter Olympic Games
517:2002 Winter Olympics
511:1980 Winter Olympics
495:1964 Winter Olympics
489:1956 Winter Olympics
483:1952 Winter Olympics
477:1924 Winter Olympics
470:cross-country skiing
458:1924 Winter Olympics
454:Winter Olympic Games
429:Winter Olympic Games
381:Johan GrÞttumsbrÄten
358:1972 Winter Olympics
350:1968 Winter Olympics
277:Swedish competitor,
265:Local championship,
203:, and cross-country
181:Winter Olympic Games
165:cross-country skiing
99:Outdoor winter sport
32:Cross-country skiing
5821:Cross-country (men)
5272:Pickup truck racing
5207:Paralympic swimming
5197:Open water swimming
5106:Road bicycle racing
4138:Olympic disciplines
3752:on 20 February 2014
3653:on 25 November 2014
3482:Rees, Dave (2007).
3165:on 22 December 2015
3075:on 19 February 2022
2122:hydroxyethyl starch
1839:
1760:composite materials
1698:disciplines in the
1397:Demino Ski Marathon
1125:
995:Engadin Skimarathon
847:
831:Ski Classics series
621:
293:Schack Carl Rantzau
62:governing body
52:Demino Ski Marathon
41:
5771:2013 Val di Fiemme
5746:2003 Val di Fiemme
5716:1991 Val di Fiemme
5488:Multi-sport racing
5287:Touring car racing
5073:Canoe orienteering
5068:Radio orienteering
5063:Trail orienteering
4800:Ski mountaineering
4469:List of ski brands
4241:Ski mountaineering
4196:Para-alpine skiing
4106:Backcountry skiing
3686:on 9 November 2014
3458:on 6 February 2014
3351:on 5 November 2014
3294:on 17 October 2014
3261:"Ski Orienteering"
3259:Webmaster (2011).
3139:on 6 November 2015
3131:Directors (2015).
2755:on 8 February 2006
2255:Christian Hoffmann
2047:
2022:
1932:
1837:
1828:
1811:Skating techniques
1783:recreational poles
1742:
1685:
1589:
1350:Hayward, Wisconsin
1123:
1109:Worldloppet series
873:JizerskĂĄ PadesĂĄtka
845:
812:
640:Individual sprint
619:
553:
450:
283:
271:
189:classic (in-track)
39:
5844:
5843:
5671:1970 Vysoké Tatry
5621:1935 Vysoké Tatry
5581:1925 JanskĂ© LĂĄznÄ
5533:
5532:
5416:
5415:
5362:Hydroplane racing
5311:Motorcycle racing
5277:Sports car racing
5202:Marathon swimming
5083:Mountain marathon
5048:Foot orienteering
5034:
5033:
4828:
4827:
4816:Paralympic sports
4659:
4658:
4627:
4626:
4209:
4208:
4174:Other disciplines
4124:
4123:
4005:History of skiing
3806:. Sports on Earth
3804:"Denial coaching"
3621:978-0-87691-331-4
3415:978-0-7730-4045-8
3387:978-0-920474-17-4
2967:. XCSki.com. 2010
2791:978-1-84725-236-4
2721:
2720:
2632:Natalya Matveyeva
2593:Yevgeny Dementyev
2541:Kornelia KubiĆska
2502:Alexey Poltoranin
2489:Yevgeniy Koshevoy
2450:Pertti TeurajÀrvi
2346:Harri Kirvesniemi
2161:Wolfgang Rottmann
2118:Harri Kirvesniemi
1986:interval training
1908:
1907:
1558:
1557:
1106:
1105:
1055:Birkebeinerrennet
934:König Ludwig Lauf
793:
792:
595:: modeled on the
446:Cortina d'Ampezzo
287:History of skiing
158:
157:
16:(Redirected from
5874:
5808:
5726:1995 Thunder Bay
5560:
5553:
5546:
5537:
5536:
5495:Adventure racing
5357:Drag boat racing
5349:Motorboat racing
5304:
5282:Stock car racing
5240:
5239:
5164:Greyhound racing
5088:Car orienteering
5058:Ski orienteering
5021:Snowshoe running
5016:Backward running
4975:Mountain running
4963:Off-road running
4924:
4875:
4874:
4855:
4848:
4841:
4832:
4831:
4696:
4686:
4679:
4672:
4663:
4662:
4649:
4648:
4639:
4638:
4553:
4552:
4362:Snowboard racing
4284:Half-pipe skiing
4256:Freestyle skiing
4135:
4134:
4080:Ski orienteering
4025:
4024:
3983:
3976:
3969:
3960:
3959:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3917:
3910:www.langrenn.com
3901:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3890:
3875:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3864:
3849:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3838:
3822:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3811:
3799:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3788:
3768:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3751:
3744:
3735:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3721:
3705:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3691:
3685:
3678:
3669:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3658:
3652:
3641:
3632:
3626:
3625:
3607:One Stride Ahead
3601:
3595:
3594:
3588:
3583:
3581:
3573:
3569:
3552:
3551:
3543:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3527:
3522:on 21 April 2015
3521:
3514:
3505:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3491:
3479:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3463:
3457:
3446:
3437:
3428:
3427:
3401:
3392:
3391:
3367:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3347:. Archived from
3337:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3310:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3279:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3256:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3218:
3213:on 16 April 2015
3203:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3181:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3155:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3128:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3110:on 7 August 2014
3096:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3071:. Archived from
3065:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3043:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3013:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2983:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2961:"Marathon Skate"
2957:
2951:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2941:
2933:Anniversary Book
2930:
2921:
2912:
2905:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2851:
2830:
2823:
2812:
2811:Oslo: Aschehoug.
2805:
2796:
2795:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2754:
2747:
2736:
2645:Sergey Shiryayev
2567:Yuliya Chepalova
2294:Andreas Veerpalu
2177:
2176:
2142:Helsinki airport
1840:
1836:
1592:Ski orienteering
1567:Ski orienteering
1561:Ski orienteering
1537:
1536:
1517:42 / 21 km
1509:
1508:
1483:Vasaloppet China
1481:
1480:
1453:
1452:
1437:Szklarska PorÄba
1424:
1423:
1395:
1394:
1372:62 / 32 km
1368:Finlandia Hiihto
1366:
1365:
1342:50 / 23 km
1339:54 / 23 km
1333:
1332:
1317:Gatineau, Quebec
1313:53 / 29 km
1310:53 / 29 km
1304:
1303:
1280:63 / 31 km
1277:63 / 31 km
1271:
1270:
1251:50 / 25 km
1243:
1242:
1215:76 / 54 km
1212:50 / 25 km
1208:Transjurassienne
1206:
1205:
1179:42 / 21 km
1173:
1172:
1157:42 / 21 km
1149:
1148:
1126:
1122:
1085:
1084:
1053:
1052:
1025:
1024:
993:
992:
961:
960:
941:50 / 23 km
938:50 / 23 km
932:
931:
906:70 / 45 km
900:
899:
877:50 / 25 km
871:
870:
848:
844:
622:
618:
468:(which includes
438:Sverre Stenersen
205:ski orienteering
49:
42:
38:
21:
5882:
5881:
5877:
5876:
5875:
5873:
5872:
5871:
5847:
5846:
5845:
5840:
5831:Nordic combined
5809:
5800:
5791:2021 Oberstdorf
5751:2005 Oberstdorf
5706:1987 Oberstdorf
5569:
5564:
5534:
5529:
5516:
5483:
5469:Snowboard cross
5447:
5412:
5403:Slot car racing
5381:
5343:
5305:
5296:
5267:Off-road racing
5229:
5211:
5183:
5179:Sled dog racing
5145:
5092:
5030:
4994:
4958:
4925:
4916:
4864:
4859:
4829:
4824:
4804:
4783:Nordic combined
4700:
4690:
4660:
4655:
4641:Category:Skiing
4623:
4551:
4490:
4422:
4366:
4357:Snowboard cross
4308:
4250:
4246:Telemark skiing
4205:
4169:
4120:
4089:
4063:
4059:Nordic combined
4014:
3996:
3987:
3930:
3925:
3915:
3913:
3902:
3898:
3888:
3886:
3876:
3872:
3862:
3860:
3851:
3850:
3846:
3836:
3834:
3823:
3819:
3809:
3807:
3800:
3796:
3786:
3784:
3769:
3765:
3755:
3753:
3749:
3742:
3736:
3729:
3719:
3717:
3706:
3699:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3676:
3670:
3666:
3656:
3654:
3650:
3639:
3633:
3629:
3622:
3602:
3598:
3586:
3584:
3575:
3574:
3570:
3555:
3544:
3535:
3525:
3523:
3519:
3512:
3506:
3499:
3489:
3487:
3480:
3471:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3444:
3438:
3431:
3416:
3402:
3395:
3388:
3368:
3364:
3354:
3352:
3339:
3338:
3334:
3324:
3322:
3311:
3307:
3297:
3295:
3280:
3276:
3266:
3264:
3257:
3248:
3238:
3236:
3231:
3230:
3226:
3216:
3214:
3205:
3204:
3200:
3190:
3188:
3182:
3178:
3168:
3166:
3157:
3156:
3152:
3142:
3140:
3129:
3122:
3113:
3111:
3098:
3097:
3088:
3078:
3076:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3052:
3050:
3045:
3044:
3037:
3027:
3025:
3014:
3007:
2997:
2995:
2984:
2980:
2970:
2968:
2959:
2958:
2954:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2928:
2922:
2915:
2906:
2902:
2892:
2890:
2877:
2873:
2866:
2852:
2833:
2824:
2815:
2806:
2799:
2792:
2772:
2768:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2745:
2737:
2730:
2726:
2684:Galina Kulakova
2671:Lyubov Yegorova
2619:Larisa Lazutina
2385:Eero MĂ€ntyranta
2204:Roland Diethart
2192:Dominik Baldauf
2157:Wolfgang Perner
2098:
2039:
2014:
2012:Race management
1993:
1983:
1924:
1860:Diagonal skate
1813:
1807:
1791:
1727:
1702:; the other is
1673:Olena Iurkovska
1666:
1660:
1634:
1628:
1569:
1563:
1531:
1503:
1475:
1447:
1430:50 /26 km
1418:
1389:
1360:
1327:
1306:Gatineau Loppet
1298:
1265:
1237:
1200:
1167:
1151:Kangaroo Hoppet
1143:
1117:
1111:
1087:Ă
refjÀllsloppet
1079:
1047:
1019:
987:
955:
926:
894:
865:
839:
833:
798:
634:Dates for Women
576:nordic combined
533:
442:Nordic combined
431:
426:
366:
318:Mathias Zdarsky
289:
281:, in April 1935
259:
81:Characteristics
55:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5880:
5870:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5842:
5841:
5839:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5817:
5815:
5811:
5810:
5803:
5801:
5799:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5731:1997 Trondheim
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5616:1934 SollefteÄ
5613:
5611:1933 Innsbruck
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5577:
5575:
5571:
5570:
5563:
5562:
5555:
5548:
5540:
5531:
5530:
5528:
5527:
5521:
5518:
5517:
5515:
5514:
5513:
5512:
5507:
5497:
5491:
5489:
5485:
5484:
5482:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5455:
5453:
5449:
5448:
5446:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5424:
5422:
5418:
5417:
5414:
5413:
5411:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5389:
5387:
5383:
5382:
5380:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5353:
5351:
5345:
5344:
5342:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5315:
5313:
5307:
5306:
5299:
5297:
5295:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5257:Formula racing
5254:
5248:
5246:
5237:
5231:
5230:
5228:
5227:
5225:Speed climbing
5221:
5219:
5213:
5212:
5210:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5193:
5191:
5185:
5184:
5182:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5155:
5153:
5147:
5146:
5144:
5143:
5141:Cycle speedway
5138:
5133:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5102:
5100:
5098:Bicycle racing
5094:
5093:
5091:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5044:
5042:
5036:
5035:
5032:
5031:
5029:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5002:
5000:
4996:
4995:
4993:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4966:
4964:
4960:
4959:
4957:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4935:
4933:
4927:
4926:
4919:
4917:
4915:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4883:
4881:
4872:
4866:
4865:
4858:
4857:
4850:
4843:
4835:
4826:
4825:
4823:
4822:
4809:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4802:
4797:
4796:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4760:
4759:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4746:figure skating
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4722:
4721:
4711:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4689:
4688:
4681:
4674:
4666:
4657:
4656:
4654:
4653:
4643:
4632:
4629:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4610:
4609:
4604:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4578:
4577:
4567:
4565:Aerial tramway
4561:
4559:
4550:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4518:
4517:
4507:
4501:
4499:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4472:
4471:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4430:
4428:
4424:
4423:
4421:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4374:
4372:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4318:
4316:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4260:
4258:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4217:
4215:
4211:
4210:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4181:Extreme skiing
4177:
4175:
4171:
4170:
4168:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4141:
4139:
4132:
4126:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4097:
4095:
4091:
4090:
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4087:
4082:
4077:
4071:
4069:
4065:
4064:
4062:
4061:
4056:
4055:
4054:
4044:
4043:
4042:
4031:
4029:
4022:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4012:
4007:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3986:
3985:
3978:
3971:
3963:
3957:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3929:
3928:External links
3926:
3924:
3923:
3896:
3870:
3844:
3833:. SportScience
3817:
3794:
3763:
3727:
3697:
3664:
3627:
3620:
3596:
3587:|journal=
3553:
3533:
3497:
3469:
3429:
3414:
3393:
3386:
3362:
3332:
3305:
3274:
3246:
3224:
3198:
3176:
3150:
3120:
3086:
3060:
3035:
3005:
2978:
2952:
2913:
2907:Vaage, Jacob:
2900:
2871:
2864:
2831:
2813:
2797:
2790:
2766:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2710:Marina Lisogor
2706:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2697:Johann MĂŒhlegg
2693:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2615:
2614:
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2608:
2602:
2601:
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2588:
2585:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2537:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2515:Therese Johaug
2511:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2424:Virpi Sarasvuo
2420:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2381:
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2374:
2368:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2355:
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2348:
2342:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2281:Karel TammjÀrv
2277:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2201:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2134:erythropoietin
2097:
2094:
2085:Climate change
2078:
2077:
2076:Warm up course
2074:
2071:
2070:Stadium layout
2068:
2065:
2064:Course layouts
2062:
2059:
2038:
2035:
2013:
2010:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1991:
1981:
1978:
1971:
1968:
1963:for training:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1923:
1920:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1895:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1884:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1851:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1809:Main article:
1806:
1803:
1790:
1787:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1662:Main article:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1641:rifle shooting
1630:Main article:
1627:
1624:
1565:Main article:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1539:Ushuaia Loppet
1528:
1527:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1500:
1499:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1472:
1471:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1444:
1443:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1415:
1414:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1386:
1385:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1357:
1356:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1324:
1323:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1295:
1294:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1262:
1261:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1234:
1233:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1197:
1196:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1113:Main article:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1076:
1075:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1044:
1043:
1042:, Switzerland
1033:
1030:
1027:
1016:
1015:
1002:
999:
997:
984:
983:
970:
968:
965:
952:
951:
942:
939:
936:
923:
922:
909:
907:
904:
891:
890:
888:Czech Republic
881:
878:
875:
862:
861:
858:
855:
852:
835:Main article:
832:
829:
797:
794:
791:
790:
787:
784:
780:
779:
776:
773:
769:
768:
765:
762:
758:
757:
754:
751:
747:
746:
743:
740:
736:
735:
732:
729:
725:
724:
721:
718:
714:
713:
710:
707:
703:
702:
699:
696:
695:17â18 km
692:
691:
688:
685:
681:
680:
677:
674:
670:
669:
666:
663:
659:
658:
655:
652:
648:
647:
644:
641:
637:
636:
631:
626:
617:
616:
601:Czech Republic
597:Tour de France
589:
579:
549:Czech Republic
532:
529:
521:
520:
514:
508:
498:
492:
486:
480:
460:, was held in
430:
427:
425:
422:
393:Pauli Siitonen
365:
362:
356:, used at the
310:
309:
306:
303:
300:
285:Main article:
269:, Norway, 1925
258:
255:
223:Norwegian army
156:
155:
150:
144:
143:
134:
128:
127:
123:
122:
105:
101:
100:
97:
93:
92:
89:
83:
82:
78:
77:
74:
70:
69:
64:
57:
56:
50:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5879:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5862:Ski marathons
5860:
5858:
5855:
5854:
5852:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5818:
5816:
5812:
5807:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5661:1962 Zakopane
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5636:1939 Zakopane
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5626:1937 Chamonix
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5596:1929 Zakopane
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5578:
5576:
5574:Championships
5572:
5568:
5561:
5556:
5554:
5549:
5547:
5542:
5541:
5538:
5526:
5523:
5522:
5519:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5502:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5492:
5490:
5486:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5474:Speed skating
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5459:Alpine skiing
5457:
5456:
5454:
5452:Winter racing
5450:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5425:
5423:
5419:
5409:
5408:Street racing
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5390:
5388:
5384:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5354:
5352:
5350:
5346:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5316:
5314:
5312:
5308:
5303:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5249:
5247:
5245:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5232:
5226:
5223:
5222:
5220:
5218:
5214:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5194:
5192:
5190:
5186:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5174:Pigeon racing
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5156:
5154:
5152:
5151:Animal racing
5148:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5131:
5127:
5126:Track cycling
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5116:Gravel racing
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5103:
5101:
5099:
5095:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5041:
5037:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5006:Tower running
5004:
5003:
5001:
4997:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4985:Trail running
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4967:
4965:
4961:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4949:Ultramarathon
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4939:Half marathon
4937:
4936:
4934:
4932:
4928:
4923:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4884:
4882:
4880:
4879:Track running
4876:
4873:
4871:
4867:
4863:
4856:
4851:
4849:
4844:
4842:
4837:
4836:
4833:
4821:
4817:
4814:
4811:
4810:
4807:
4801:
4798:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4773:cross-country
4771:
4769:
4766:
4765:
4764:
4761:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4743:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4706:
4703:
4699:
4695:
4687:
4682:
4680:
4675:
4673:
4668:
4667:
4664:
4652:
4644:
4642:
4634:
4633:
4630:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4599:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4576:
4573:
4572:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4562:
4560:
4558:
4554:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4537:Snow grooming
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4516:
4513:
4512:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4505:Dry ski slope
4503:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4493:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4470:
4467:
4466:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4431:
4429:
4425:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4413:Ski simulator
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4403:Stem christie
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4388:Parallel turn
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4375:
4373:
4369:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4319:
4317:
4315:
4311:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4264:Aerial skiing
4262:
4261:
4259:
4257:
4253:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4226:Indoor skiing
4224:
4222:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4212:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4172:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4130:Alpine skiing
4127:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4111:Roller skiing
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4092:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4066:
4060:
4057:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4048:
4045:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4036:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4020:Nordic skiing
4017:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4002:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3984:
3979:
3977:
3972:
3970:
3965:
3964:
3961:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3931:
3911:
3907:
3900:
3885:
3881:
3874:
3858:
3854:
3848:
3832:
3828:
3821:
3805:
3798:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3767:
3748:
3741:
3734:
3732:
3715:
3711:
3704:
3702:
3682:
3675:
3672:USSA (2004).
3668:
3649:
3645:
3638:
3631:
3623:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3608:
3600:
3592:
3579:
3568:
3566:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3549:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3518:
3511:
3504:
3502:
3485:
3478:
3476:
3474:
3454:
3450:
3443:
3436:
3434:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3411:
3407:
3400:
3398:
3389:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3374:
3366:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3336:
3320:
3316:
3309:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3278:
3262:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3234:
3228:
3212:
3208:
3202:
3187:
3180:
3164:
3160:
3154:
3138:
3134:
3127:
3125:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3100:"FIS History"
3095:
3093:
3091:
3074:
3070:
3064:
3048:
3042:
3040:
3023:
3019:
3012:
3010:
2993:
2989:
2982:
2966:
2962:
2956:
2938:
2934:
2927:
2920:
2918:
2910:
2904:
2888:
2887:
2882:
2875:
2867:
2865:82-573-0408-5
2861:
2857:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2828:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2810:
2804:
2802:
2793:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2778:
2770:
2751:
2744:
2743:
2735:
2733:
2728:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2606:Irina Khazova
2604:
2603:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2580:Olga Danilova
2578:
2577:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2372:Juha Lallukka
2370:
2369:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2359:Arto Koivisto
2357:
2356:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2320:Jari IsometsÀ
2318:
2317:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2307:Janne Immonen
2305:
2304:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2229:Johannes Eder
2227:
2226:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2216:Johannes DĂŒrr
2214:
2213:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2169:JĂŒrgen Pinter
2166:
2165:Martin Tauber
2162:
2158:
2154:
2153:Johannes DĂŒrr
2150:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2110:Janne Immonen
2107:
2106:Jari IsometsÀ
2103:
2093:
2090:
2089:man-made snow
2086:
2082:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2043:
2034:
2031:
2026:
2018:
2009:
2007:
2006:roller skiing
1998:
1995:
1987:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1928:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1912:parallel turn
1903:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1871:Offset skate
1870:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1835:
1833:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1812:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1747:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1696:Nordic skiing
1693:
1689:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1638:
1633:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1586:
1582:
1581:Andrea Henkel
1578:
1577:Olga Zaitseva
1573:
1568:
1554:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1511:Merino Muster
1507:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1354:United States
1351:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1296:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1273:Tartu Maraton
1269:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1175:Dolomitenlauf
1171:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1121:
1116:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1026:La Diagonala
1023:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1003:
1000:
998:
996:
991:
986:
985:
982:
978:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
959:
954:
953:
950:
946:
943:
940:
937:
935:
930:
925:
924:
921:
917:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
898:
893:
892:
889:
885:
882:
879:
876:
874:
869:
864:
863:
859:
856:
853:
850:
843:
838:
828:
826:
822:
818:
809:
808:Tartu Maraton
804:
800:
789:1993âPresent
788:
786:1993âPresent
785:
782:
781:
778:2025âPresent
777:
775:2025âPresent
774:
771:
770:
766:
763:
760:
759:
755:
752:
749:
748:
744:
741:
738:
737:
734:2025âPresent
733:
731:1925âPresent
730:
727:
726:
722:
719:
716:
715:
711:
708:
705:
704:
700:
697:
694:
693:
689:
686:
683:
682:
679:1954âPresent
678:
675:
672:
671:
667:
664:
661:
660:
657:2005âPresent
656:
654:2005âPresent
653:
650:
649:
646:2001âPresent
645:
643:2001âPresent
642:
639:
638:
635:
632:
630:
629:Dates for Men
627:
624:
623:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
587:
583:
580:
577:
573:
569:
568:
567:
564:
562:
558:
550:
546:
542:
537:
528:
526:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
502:
499:
496:
493:
490:
487:
484:
481:
478:
475:
474:
473:
471:
467:
466:Nordic skiing
463:
459:
455:
447:
443:
439:
435:
421:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
361:
359:
355:
351:
347:
341:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
307:
304:
301:
298:
297:
296:
294:
288:
280:
279:Martin Matsbo
275:
268:
263:
254:
252:
248:
243:
241:
237:
233:
229:
224:
220:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
179:, and at the
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
154:
151:
149:
145:
142:
138:
135:
133:
129:
124:
121:
117:
113:
109:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
88:
84:
79:
75:
71:
68:
65:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
5796:2023 Planica
5786:2019 Seefeld
5761:2009 Liberec
5756:2007 Sapporo
5701:1985 Seefeld
5606:1931 Oberhof
5463:
5433:Sandboarding
5428:Longboarding
5421:Board racing
5339:Track racing
5319:Beach racing
5292:Truck racing
5235:Motor racing
5169:Horse racing
5159:Camel racing
5040:Orienteering
4980:Fell running
4931:Road running
4912:Steeplechase
4812:
4793:snowboarding
4772:
4619:Surface lift
4597:Gondola lift
4418:Skate skiing
4314:Snowboarding
4231:Night skiing
4214:Other skiing
4201:Speed skiing
4186:Glade skiing
4150:Giant slalom
4094:Recreational
4075:Ski marathon
4034:
3994:snowboarding
3914:. Retrieved
3909:
3899:
3887:. Retrieved
3884:The Guardian
3883:
3873:
3861:. Retrieved
3856:
3847:
3835:. Retrieved
3830:
3820:
3808:. Retrieved
3797:
3785:. Retrieved
3776:
3766:
3754:. Retrieved
3747:the original
3718:. Retrieved
3713:
3688:. Retrieved
3681:the original
3667:
3655:. Retrieved
3648:the original
3643:
3630:
3606:
3599:
3578:cite journal
3547:
3524:. Retrieved
3517:the original
3488:. Retrieved
3460:. Retrieved
3453:the original
3448:
3405:
3372:
3365:
3353:. Retrieved
3349:the original
3344:
3335:
3323:. Retrieved
3318:
3313:IPC (2013).
3308:
3296:. Retrieved
3292:the original
3287:
3277:
3265:. Retrieved
3237:. Retrieved
3227:
3215:. Retrieved
3211:the original
3201:
3189:. Retrieved
3179:
3167:. Retrieved
3163:the original
3153:
3141:. Retrieved
3137:the original
3112:, retrieved
3108:the original
3103:
3077:. Retrieved
3073:the original
3063:
3051:. Retrieved
3026:. Retrieved
3021:
2996:. Retrieved
2991:
2981:
2969:. Retrieved
2964:
2955:
2944:, retrieved
2937:the original
2932:
2908:
2903:
2891:. Retrieved
2884:
2874:
2855:
2826:
2808:
2776:
2769:
2757:. Retrieved
2750:the original
2741:
2688:Soviet Union
2658:Alyona Sidko
2398:Mika MyllylÀ
2333:Aki Karvonen
2173:
2146:
2126:blood plasma
2114:Mika MyllylÀ
2099:
2083:
2079:
2048:
2027:
2023:
2002:
1957:
1933:
1909:
1829:
1820:Michal MalĂĄk
1792:
1779:carbon fiber
1776:
1758:and made of
1750:
1745:
1743:
1738:Holmenkollen
1734:Jörgen Brink
1686:
1635:
1596:orienteering
1590:
1426:Bieg PiastĂłw
1186:Obertilliach
1118:
945:Oberammergau
840:
837:Ski Classics
821:Ski Classics
816:
813:
799:
796:Ski marathon
651:Team sprint
584:: each year
565:
554:
522:
451:
414:Soviet Union
377:Black Forest
369:Skate skiing
367:
364:Skate skiing
342:
329:
325:
321:
311:
290:
244:
236:carbon fiber
221:
197:ski marathon
193:skate skiing
160:
159:
141:1952 (women)
36:
5836:Ski jumping
5736:1999 Ramsau
5443:Street luge
5262:Kart racing
5252:Drag racing
5244:Auto racing
5111:Cyclo-cross
5011:Racewalking
4788:ski jumping
4751:short-track
4614:Hybrid lift
4378:Carved turn
4327:Backcountry
4236:Ski archery
4085:Ski touring
4047:Ski jumping
4028:Competitive
3916:20 February
3714:Version 3.4
3345:US Ski Team
3217:15 December
3191:15 December
3143:13 December
3079:19 February
2998:13 December
2893:22 December
2886:Aftenposten
2463:Kaisa Varis
2437:Tero SimilÀ
2411:Milla Saari
2268:Harald Wurm
2223:2009, 2014
2132:the use of
2051:race course
1904:Free-skate
1832:ice skating
1824:Tour de Ski
1545:42 km
1525:New Zealand
1487:50 km
1459:50 km
1433:30 km
1404:50 km
1401:25 km
1375:50 km
1219:Les Rousses
1182:60 km
1101:Ă
re, Sweden
1091:65 km
1069:Lillehammer
1059:54 km
1032:65 km
1029:65 km
1013:Switzerland
902:Marcialonga
880:30 km
825:Worldloppet
728:50 km
717:30 km
706:20 km
684:15 km
673:10 km
613:Switzerland
593:Tour de Ski
572:ski jumping
247:roller skis
226:same time,
185:homologated
5851:Categories
5781:2017 Lahti
5776:2015 Falun
5741:2001 Lahti
5721:1993 Falun
5711:1989 Lahti
5686:1980 Falun
5681:1978 Lahti
5676:1974 Falun
5656:1958 Lahti
5651:1954 Falun
5631:1938 Lahti
5586:1926 Lahti
5393:Air racing
5334:Rally raid
5136:BMX racing
4990:Skyrunning
4902:Relay race
4756:long-track
4731:Ice hockey
4575:detachable
4542:Snowmaking
4532:Ski tunnel
4408:Ski school
4398:Snowplough
4393:Pivot turn
4352:Slopestyle
4337:Freeriding
4304:Slopestyle
4294:Ski ballet
4279:Freeskiing
4274:Freeriding
4191:Heliskiing
4052:Ski flying
4040:Paralympic
3889:9 November
3863:9 November
3837:9 November
3810:9 November
3787:12 January
3756:8 November
3720:9 November
3690:9 November
3657:9 November
3526:22 October
3490:9 November
3462:5 November
3355:5 November
3298:5 November
3267:5 November
3239:23 October
3114:23 October
3053:11 October
3028:20 October
2825:BĂž, Olav:
2759:20 October
2724:References
2506:Kazakhstan
2493:Kazakhstan
2138:hemoglobin
1916:wedge turn
1658:Paralympic
1465:ĂsafjörĂ°ur
1135:Freestyle
1040:St. Moritz
963:Vasaloppet
857:Freestyle
767:1974â2023
756:1954â1970
742:1933â2023
723:1989â2023
720:1926â2003
712:1978â1987
698:1925â1950
690:1989â2003
687:1954â2023
668:1962â1999
662:5 km
531:FIS events
326:hill races
232:fiberglass
148:Paralympic
137:1924 (men)
5814:Medalists
5766:2011 Oslo
5691:1982 Oslo
5666:1966 Oslo
5601:1930 Oslo
5510:Aquathlon
5500:Triathlon
5324:Motocross
5078:Rogaining
4887:Sprinting
4813:See also:
4778:freestyle
4714:Bobsleigh
4582:Funicular
4570:Chairlift
4557:Ski lifts
4515:Superpipe
4510:Half-pipe
4498:amenities
4476:Snowboard
4427:Equipment
4383:Jump turn
4347:Half-pipe
4342:Freestyle
4299:Ski cross
4116:Skijoring
4068:Endurance
3424:300405310
3325:4 October
3104:About FIS
2971:4 January
2242:Max Hauke
2124:(HES), a
1961:intensity
1799:glide wax
1768:ski boots
1746:Skiathlon
1612:World Cup
1553:Argentina
1493:Changchun
1138:Location
1097:VÄlÄdalen
884:BedĆichov
860:Location
586:medalists
406:Ove Aunli
398:Bill Koch
334:Norwegian
228:equipment
104:Equipment
87:Mixed-sex
73:Nicknames
18:Skiathlon
5505:Duathlon
5479:Sledding
5217:Climbing
5189:Swimming
4944:Marathon
4907:Hurdling
4719:skeleton
4709:Biathlon
4607:tricable
4527:Ski area
4434:Bindings
4221:Biathlon
4165:Combined
4160:Downhill
3857:Fox News
3781:Archived
2994:. Boston
2130:cover up
2030:grooming
1893:2-skate
1882:1-skate
1772:bindings
1740:in 2007.
1704:biathlon
1637:Biathlon
1632:Biathlon
1626:Biathlon
1132:Classic
916:Cavalese
854:Classic
823:and the
462:Chamonix
448:, Italy.
373:Feldberg
354:aluminum
322:langrenn
213:biathlon
126:Presence
120:bindings
60:Highest
5026:Parkour
4870:Running
4741:Skating
4726:Curling
4602:bicable
4592:Funitel
4587:Funifor
4449:Monoski
4332:Big air
4269:Big air
4155:Super-G
3777:AP NEWS
3169:5 March
2946:1 April
2809:PĂ„ ski.
2714:Ukraine
2480:Germany
2467:Finland
2454:Finland
2441:Finland
2428:Finland
2415:Finland
2402:Finland
2389:Finland
2376:Finland
2363:Finland
2350:Finland
2337:Finland
2324:Finland
2311:Finland
2298:Estonia
2285:Estonia
2272:Austria
2259:Austria
2246:Austria
2233:Austria
2220:Austria
2207:Austria
2196:Austria
2183:Country
2147:At the
1975:lactate
1843:"Gear"
1826:, 2007.
1805:Skating
1795:ski wax
1789:Classic
1677:Ukraine
1587:, 2013.
1585:Oberhof
1549:Ushuaia
1469:Iceland
1408:Rybinsk
1383:Finland
1292:Estonia
1255:Sapporo
1223:Lamoura
1194:Austria
1036:Engadin
1009:S-chanf
949:Germany
817:turrenn
605:Germany
578:events)
545:Liberec
523:At the
418:Finland
389:Oberhof
375:in the
338:turrenn
257:History
132:Olympic
5130:Keirin
4954:Ekiden
4862:Racing
4768:alpine
4763:Skiing
4496:Resort
4444:Helmet
4322:Alpine
4145:Slalom
3990:Skiing
3618:
3422:
3412:
3384:
2862:
2788:
2675:Russia
2662:Russia
2649:Russia
2636:Russia
2623:Russia
2610:Russia
2597:Russia
2584:Russia
2571:Russia
2558:Russia
2545:Poland
2532:Norway
2519:Norway
2102:doping
2096:Doping
1602:. The
1594:is an
1521:WÄnaka
1441:Poland
1412:Russia
1321:Canada
1284:OtepÀÀ
1231:France
1227:Mouthe
1129:Event
1073:Norway
1005:Maloja
981:Sweden
851:Event
625:Event
611:, and
507:added.
424:Events
412:, the
410:Norway
346:bamboo
314:TromsĂž
238:, and
175:, the
54:, 2015
5386:Other
4999:Other
4547:Trail
4522:Piste
4459:Skins
4454:Poles
4439:Boots
4289:Mogul
3750:(PDF)
3743:(PDF)
3684:(PDF)
3677:(PDF)
3651:(PDF)
3640:(PDF)
3520:(PDF)
3513:(PDF)
3456:(PDF)
3445:(PDF)
2940:(PDF)
2929:(PDF)
2753:(PDF)
2746:(PDF)
2717:2014
2704:2002
2701:Spain
2691:1976
2678:1997
2665:2009
2652:2007
2639:2009
2626:2002
2613:2007
2600:2009
2587:2002
2574:2009
2561:2002
2548:2010
2535:2016
2522:2016
2509:2020
2496:2011
2483:2014
2470:2003
2457:1982
2444:2014
2431:2001
2418:2001
2405:2001
2392:1972
2379:2011
2366:1981
2353:2001
2340:1985
2327:2001
2314:2001
2301:2020
2288:2020
2275:2015
2262:2011
2249:2019
2236:2007
2210:2007
2199:2019
2186:Year
1764:waxed
1608:Relay
1497:China
1379:Lahti
1346:Cable
1259:Japan
1190:Lienz
973:SĂ€len
920:Italy
912:Moena
609:Italy
116:boots
112:poles
4818:and
4736:Luge
4481:Suit
4464:Skis
3992:and
3918:2019
3891:2014
3865:2014
3839:2014
3812:2014
3789:2022
3758:2014
3722:2014
3692:2014
3659:2014
3616:ISBN
3591:help
3528:2014
3492:2014
3464:2014
3420:OCLC
3410:ISBN
3382:ISBN
3357:2014
3327:2014
3300:2014
3269:2014
3241:2014
3219:2015
3193:2015
3171:2015
3145:2015
3116:2014
3081:2022
3055:2014
3030:2014
3000:2015
2973:2015
2948:2016
2895:2015
2860:ISBN
2786:ISBN
2761:2012
2180:Name
2159:and
2116:and
1898:5th
1887:4th
1876:3rd
1865:2nd
1854:1st
1752:Skis
1618:and
1579:and
1288:Elva
1065:Rena
977:Mora
764:N/A
753:N/A
745:N/A
709:N/A
701:N/A
665:N/A
591:The
574:and
555:The
452:The
416:and
153:1976
108:Skis
96:Type
4486:Wax
3612:237
3378:111
2782:436
1994:max
1959:of
1675:of
543:in
387:in
67:FIS
5853::
3908:.
3882:.
3855:.
3829:.
3779:.
3775:.
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2800:^
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2167:,
2144:.
2108:,
1990:VO
1980:VO
1551:,
1523:,
1495:,
1467:,
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1410:,
1381:,
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1348:â
1319:,
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1007:â
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