188:
2005:
agreed with the besiegers. However, the
Crusaders didn't honour the treaty and killed the soldiers as they came out. Crusade soldiers plundered and sacked the city without mercy. It is said fifty thousand Muslims were killed or captured and the victors divided an enormous amount of booty. The contemporary Muslim chronicles suggest the invading forces might have slain the adult males and enslaved women and children; the numbers however are greatly exaggerated: Barbastro would hardly reach a population of eight thousand in those times.
195:
2085:, the brother-in-law of King Sancho Ramírez, was entrusted with the government of the city. On 17 April 1065, after roughly ten months of occupation, the Moors easily retook the city. Thibaut, the Burgundian leader, died, possibly of wounds received on campaign, while returning to France after the loss of the city in 1065.
2069:
The plight of women seems to have been particularly difficult as a consequence of the siege and victory of the crusaders. Many died during the siege of thirst-related diseases and were subjected to degrading treatment after victory, converting them into servants and slaves, or sometimes even exposing
2004:
Terms were given by the
Christians to spare the lives of the Muslims and respect their properties, but the pact was quickly broken. Another source tells that the garrison offered to surrender their property and property of their families in exchange for letting them leave the town, and so it was
1954:(known as Guy-Geoffrey), whom one historian calls the "Christian generalissimo". Though the makeup of this grand army has been subject to much dispute, that it contained a large force of Frankish knights is generally agreed upon.
1105:
646:
569:
412:
1923:
Thus, a large army was present at the siege when it began in 1064 primarily of
Frenchmen and Burgundians, along with a contingent of Italians, made up mostly of Normans, as well as a local
988:
616:
2124:
This interpretation has been criticized in more recent decades, especially the papal connection and
Italian involvement. It has been suggested that Alexander was preoccupied with the
711:
881:
1050:
1045:
1035:
951:
579:
539:
1560:
666:
656:
604:
599:
2101:. Dozy first suggested the participation of a papal element based on Ibn Hayyan's reference to the "cavalry of Rome." Subsequent historiography has stressed the
1982:
983:
1254:
806:
2736:
Villegas-Aristizábal, Lucas, "Pope
Gregory VII and Count Eblous II of Roucy’s Proto-Crusade in Iberia c. 1073", Medieval History Journal 21.1 (2018), 1-24.
2724:
Bosch i Vilá, Jacinto (1970). "De nuevo sobre
Barbastro, 1064–1065: Nuevos aspectos y precisiones sobre la conquista cristiana y la reconquista musulmana".
175:
554:
1905:
1015:
2488:
Boissonnade, Pierre (1932). "Cluny, la papauté et la première grande croisade internationale contre les sarrasins d'Espagne: Barbastro (1064–1065)".
876:
238:
1943:
1055:
1996:
as the leader of the campaign. However, it is more likely that he was the leader of the contingent of
Normans who participated in the campaign.
1416:
2704:
2219:
2683:
1935:. Later, these Catalan and Aragonese soldiers would be disgusted by the crimes committed by those Normans after the capture of the city.
1318:
1313:
2136:. It has also been theorized that it was not William of Montreuil, but Guy Geoffrey, who was the "Roman" leader implied by Ibn Hayyan.
203:
686:
187:
2642:
2074:
2661:
Sarrió Cucarella, Diego (2012). "Corresponding across
Religious Borders: Al-Bājī's Response to a Missionary Letter from France".
2597:
2461:
407:
231:
402:
2081:('Book of Highways and Kingdoms', written 1067–8) records the capture of a good many Saracen girls and Saracen treasures.
76:
2758:
2607:
Marín-Guzmán, Roberto (1992). "Crusade in al-Andalus: The
Eleventh Century Formation of the Reconquista as an Ideology".
2788:
2693:
2578:
1638:
1568:
1446:
1409:
1207:
17:
1080:
846:
1735:
574:
2097:
first began a study of the War in the mid-nineteenth century based on the scarce primary sources, mainly Amatus and
936:
2783:
1538:
1090:
716:
224:
636:
2763:
1383:
1040:
335:
325:
1060:
1896:
Pope
Alexander II first preached the Reconquista in 1063 as a "Christian emergency." It was also preached in
1402:
1157:
968:
661:
380:
1985:. The city was besieged for forty days until it surrendered according to both Muslim and Christian sources.
1880:
took part in the siege and conquest of the city (1064). The nature of the expedition, famously described by
681:
1825:
1815:
1237:
1162:
422:
2753:
2220:"Los desastres de la guerra: reflexiones sobre la muerte de prisioneros y cautivos durante la Edad Media"
1747:
1740:
1643:
701:
651:
911:
871:
2773:
1269:
1110:
691:
397:
375:
278:
1147:
1120:
1025:
973:
841:
801:
726:
2620:
2052:
like animals for sacrifice, they are brought to the butcher; they prostrate themselves humbly in the
1951:
1881:
1279:
1274:
1232:
1177:
1152:
1142:
1115:
771:
731:
370:
298:
161:
1358:
1299:
1095:
631:
2768:
2713:
1548:
1368:
1284:
1259:
1212:
1182:
1172:
1137:
786:
751:
741:
330:
320:
273:
2503:
Knightly Piety and the Lay Response to the First Crusade: The Limousin and Gascony, c. 970–c. 1130
2237:
906:
469:
2778:
1775:
1264:
861:
831:
791:
696:
524:
494:
484:
452:
417:
355:
345:
1202:
1192:
1005:
978:
811:
2737:
1913:
1780:
1708:
1346:
1341:
963:
941:
926:
921:
836:
781:
641:
564:
534:
442:
360:
283:
2106:
2082:
1810:
1713:
1703:
1363:
1085:
1075:
776:
756:
350:
1989:
1946:, whose realm was greatly threatened by the Moors to the south. The largest component, the
1939:
1336:
1249:
1070:
866:
671:
626:
621:
365:
308:
293:
165:
111:
998:
856:
826:
816:
8:
2016:
1973:, which had resisted assault twice before, and moved against Barbastro, then part of the
1820:
1805:
1755:
1613:
1583:
1378:
993:
891:
676:
594:
514:
437:
268:
2356:
Philippe Sénac (2003). "Un château en Espagne: notes sur la prise de Barbastro (1064)".
589:
2531:
2172:
2129:
2114:
1730:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1633:
1628:
1601:
1578:
1523:
1451:
1441:
1373:
1197:
1125:
1030:
886:
796:
544:
509:
432:
427:
136:
2450:(1992). "Kitab al-Masālik wa-l-mamālik". In Melville, Charles; Ubaydli, Ahmad (eds.).
1873:
145:
65:
2689:
2593:
2574:
2558:
2519:
2457:
2435:
2133:
1932:
1897:
1858:
1765:
1682:
1573:
1478:
1353:
1227:
1217:
1187:
1020:
946:
901:
896:
851:
761:
721:
706:
584:
529:
504:
464:
340:
303:
157:
128:
2019:, among the witnesses of the fall of Barbastro, described the aftermath as follows:
1331:
474:
2670:
2554:
2425:
2227:
2125:
1928:
1797:
1760:
1725:
1720:
1618:
1588:
1553:
1483:
1456:
1294:
1222:
1100:
1065:
736:
479:
132:
2451:
2430:
2417:
1916:
notes that the "grand chivalry of the French and Burgundians and other peoples" (
1770:
1695:
1596:
1533:
1528:
1503:
1488:
1473:
1010:
821:
746:
549:
519:
489:
447:
288:
2512:
Argensola: Revista de Ciencias Sociales del Instituto de Estudios Altoaragoneses
2232:
2569:(1981). "La Cruzada contra Barbastro (1064)". In Ubieto Arteta, Antonio (ed.).
2118:
2110:
1993:
1877:
1790:
1690:
1543:
1508:
1493:
1167:
931:
916:
766:
559:
2456:. Vol. III: Arabic Sources. Oxford: Aris & Phillips. pp. 70–71.
2747:
2674:
2545:
Ferreiro, Alberto (1983). "The Siege of Barbastro, 1064–65: A Reassessment".
2535:
2523:
2472:
2439:
2094:
2037:
2036:
and slander, loaded with bells and crosses, in the place of the followers of
1901:
1518:
1513:
1498:
1468:
392:
216:
91:
78:
1884:
as "a crusade before the crusades", is discussed in historiography, and the
1785:
1606:
140:
2473:"Fernando I and the Origins of the Leonese–Castilian Alliance with Cluny"
1947:
1924:
1831:
1623:
1289:
250:
38:
2590:
Sancho Ramírez, rey de Aragón (¿1064?-1094) y rey de Navarra (1076-1094)
2566:
2510:
Canellas López, Ángel (1951). "Las cruzadas de Aragón en el siglo XI".
2098:
2033:
2009:
1866:
69:
2358:Études d'histoire médiévale offertes à Pierre Toubert par ses élèves
2447:
1958:
1908:, led the army. Certainly zeal for the crusade spread elsewhere in
1870:
1426:
2102:
2045:
1962:
1885:
2706:
Norman and Anglo-Norman Participation in the Iberian Reconquista
2256:
2254:
2053:
2028:
and oratories, that once were witness to the recitation of the
2025:
1978:
1966:
1938:
The leader of the papal contingent was a Norman by the name of
1909:
2162:
2160:
2061:
1918:
grant chevalerie de Francoiz et de Borguegnons et d'autre gent
2273:
2271:
2269:
2251:
2057:
2049:
2029:
2012:
1974:
1970:
1862:
2738:
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0971945817750508
2288:
2286:
2217:
2337:
2157:
2132:
for warriors of the Reconquista until the 1073 campaign of
2041:
1394:
171:
2266:
2315:
2313:
2283:
2145:
1992:
and Guy-Geoffrey, a 1078 story about the Normans placed
2422:
Anales de la Universidad de Alicante. Historia Medieval
2393:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2310:
2298:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2650:
Espacio, Tiempo y Forma, Serie III, Historia Medieval
2325:
2073:
The crusaders made off with a huge booty. Al-Bakri's
2032:
and the sweetness of the call to prayer; immersed in
2702:
2376:
2364:
2224:
Espacio Tiempo y Forma. Serie III, Historia Medieval
2075:
2056:
which are then burnt and reduced to ashes while the
2024:"What can be your opinion, Oh Muslims, when you see
2627:. Translated by Harold Sunderland. London: F. Cass.
2188:
1900:, probably with the permission or participation of
1876:. A large army composed of elements from all over
2712:(Ph.D.). University of Nottingham. Archived from
2418:"Fernando I y la sacralización de la Reconquista"
1969:early in 1064. The entire army then marched past
1857:) was an international expedition, sanctioned by
2745:
2660:
2640:
2182:
2166:
2631:
2260:
1957:The duke of Aquitaine led the army through the
1888:element of the campaign is still a moot point.
2619:
2509:
2415:
2355:
2178:
246:
2681:
2343:
2218:Calderón Ortega, José Manuel (January 2009).
1410:
232:
2723:
2606:
2571:Historia de Aragón: La formación territorial
2277:
2105:element in the War, primarily the result of
194:
2587:
2487:
2292:
2151:
2565:
2319:
1944:Sancho Ramírez, King of Aragón and Navarre
1417:
1403:
239:
225:
2429:
2231:
2544:
2446:
2399:
2387:
2370:
2304:
2636:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
2530:
2331:
2070:them to the torture of their husbands.
14:
2746:
2641:Rodríguez García, José Manuel (2000).
2470:
2205:
2113:to Spain and inspired by the death of
2592:(in Spanish). Gijón: Ediciones Trea.
1398:
220:
2703:Villegas-Aristizábal, Lucas (2007).
2573:. Anubar Ediciones. pp. 53–67.
2500:
2109:'s recent attempts to introduce the
24:
2416:Ayala Martínez, Carlos de (2011).
1942:. The leader of the Spaniards was
1463:In the Holy Land (1095–1291)
1447:Military order (religious society)
25:
2800:
2537:A History of Aragon and Catalonia
2128:at the time and did not preach a
2088:
2688:(in Spanish). Zaragoza: Anubar.
2643:"Historiografía de las Cruzadas"
2588:Lapeña Paul, Ana Isabel (2004).
1965:. He joined the Catalan army at
193:
186:
2682:Ubieto Arteta, Antonio (1981).
2632:O'Callaghan, Joseph F. (1983).
2490:Revue des Questions Historiques
2477:Cuadernos de Historia de España
2471:Bishko, Charles Julian (1969).
2349:
1999:
2211:
1569:Crusades after Acre, 1291–1399
13:
1:
2453:Christians and Moors in Spain
2077:Kitab al-Masālik wa-l-mamālik
2060:laugh and insult us, and our
1904:, where the abbot's brother,
1891:
2559:10.1016/0304-4181(83)90005-2
2501:Bull, Marcus Graham (1993).
2431:10.14198/medieval.2011.17.04
1920:) was present at the siege.
1424:
7:
2634:A History of Medieval Spain
2547:Journal of Medieval History
2540:. London: Methuen & Co.
2233:10.5944/etfiii.22.2009.1636
2076:
2048:...are dragged away by the
2044:and pious men, vergers and
1308:Post-Reconquista Rebellions
10:
2805:
2759:11th century in al-Andalus
2408:
2789:Sieges of the Reconquista
1952:William VIII of Aquitaine
1437:Ideology and institutions
1434:
413:2nd San Esteban de Gormaz
408:1st San Esteban de Gormaz
259:
181:
162:William VIII of Aquitaine
151:
122:
44:
36:
31:
2675:10.1163/157006712X634549
2139:
2784:Sieges involving Aragon
2067:
1914:Amatus of Montecassino
166:Williame fitz Williame
152:Commanders and leaders
2764:11th-century crusades
2625:The Cid and his Spain
2621:Menéndez Pidal, Ramón
2183:Rodríguez García 2000
2167:Sarrió Cucarella 2012
2117:following the failed
2083:Armengol III of Urgel
2021:
403:Pallars and Ribagorza
207:Location within Spain
1990:William of Montreuil
1940:William of Montreuil
1882:Ramón Menéndez Pidal
1847:crusade of Barbastro
1290:2nd Granada campaign
687:2nd Balearic Islands
662:1st Balearic Islands
204:class=notpageimage|
92:42.03611°N 0.12639°E
32:Crusade of Barbastro
2663:Medieval Encounters
2532:Chaytor, Henry John
2185:, pp. 357–358.
2179:Ayala Martínez 2011
2107:Ferdinand I of León
1869:, then part of the
1855:battle of Barbastro
1849:(also known as the
1821:Crusade of the Poor
969:Las Navas de Tolosa
88: /
2754:Province of Huesca
2685:Historia de Aragón
2505:. Clarendon Press.
2344:Ubieto Arteta 1981
2130:plenary indulgence
2115:Ramiro I of Aragon
1950:, was led by Duke
1851:siege of Barbastro
1748:Against Christians
1452:Crusade indulgence
1442:Crusading movement
1163:Shepherds' Crusade
974:3rd Alcácer do Sal
937:2nd Alcácer do Sal
847:1st Alcácer do Sal
336:2nd Roncevaux Pass
274:1st Roncevaux Pass
176:Yusuf al-Muzzaffar
137:Duchy of Aquitaine
18:Siege of Barbastro
2774:Conflicts in 1064
2599:978-84-9704-123-2
2463:978-0-856684-50-0
2278:Marín-Guzmán 1992
2134:Ebles II of Roucy
2064:wails and weeps."
1874:Emirate of Lārida
1859:Pope Alexander II
1840:
1839:
1826:Shepherds' (1320)
1816:Shepherds' (1251)
1800:(1096–1320)
1750:(1209–1588)
1685:(1147–1410)
1563:(1291–1717)
1392:
1391:
570:Almodóvar del Río
215:
214:
158:Arnau Mir de Tost
146:Emirate of Lārida
129:Kingdom of Aragon
118:
117:
97:42.03611; 0.12639
66:Emirate of Lārida
16:(Redirected from
2796:
2733:
2720:
2718:
2711:
2699:
2678:
2657:
2647:
2637:
2628:
2616:
2603:
2584:
2562:
2541:
2527:
2506:
2497:
2484:
2467:
2443:
2433:
2403:
2397:
2391:
2385:
2374:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2353:
2347:
2341:
2335:
2329:
2323:
2317:
2308:
2302:
2296:
2293:Lapeña Paul 2004
2290:
2281:
2275:
2264:
2261:O'Callaghan 1983
2258:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2236:. Archived from
2235:
2215:
2209:
2203:
2186:
2176:
2170:
2164:
2155:
2152:Lapeña Paul 2004
2149:
2126:Antipope Cadalus
2079:
2017:Ibn 'Abd al-Barr
1906:Thomas de Chalon
1554:Fall of Outremer
1457:Papal income tax
1429:
1419:
1412:
1405:
1396:
1395:
254:
241:
234:
227:
218:
217:
197:
196:
190:
133:County of Urgell
103:
102:
100:
99:
98:
93:
89:
86:
85:
84:
81:
46:
45:
29:
28:
21:
2804:
2803:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2793:
2769:1060s in Europe
2744:
2743:
2742:
2716:
2709:
2696:
2645:
2609:Islamic Studies
2600:
2581:
2464:
2411:
2406:
2398:
2394:
2386:
2377:
2369:
2365:
2354:
2350:
2342:
2338:
2330:
2326:
2320:Ibn Hayyan 1981
2318:
2311:
2303:
2299:
2291:
2284:
2276:
2267:
2259:
2252:
2243:
2241:
2216:
2212:
2204:
2189:
2181:, p. 104;
2177:
2173:
2165:
2158:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2091:
2002:
1894:
1843:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1806:People's (1096)
1430:
1425:
1423:
1393:
1388:
1323:
1275:Los Alporchones
1158:Vega de Granada
255:
248:Battles in the
247:
245:
211:
210:
209:
208:
206:
200:
199:
198:
164:
160:
139:
135:
131:
96:
94:
90:
87:
82:
79:
77:
75:
74:
73:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2802:
2792:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2779:1064 in Europe
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2741:
2740:
2734:
2721:
2719:on 2011-07-18.
2700:
2695:978-8470131813
2694:
2679:
2658:
2638:
2629:
2617:
2604:
2598:
2585:
2580:978-8470131813
2579:
2563:
2542:
2528:
2507:
2498:
2485:
2468:
2462:
2444:
2424:(17): 67–115.
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2402:, p. 131.
2392:
2375:
2363:
2360:. p. 548.
2348:
2336:
2324:
2309:
2307:, p. 138.
2297:
2295:, p. 160.
2282:
2280:, p. 299.
2265:
2263:, p. 197.
2250:
2210:
2187:
2171:
2156:
2154:, p. 159.
2143:
2141:
2138:
2119:siege of Graus
2111:Cluniac reform
2090:
2089:Historiography
2087:
2001:
1998:
1994:Robert Crispin
1893:
1890:
1878:Western Europe
1861:, to take the
1838:
1837:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1794:
1793:
1791:Spanish Armada
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1744:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1698:
1693:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1561:Later Crusades
1557:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1422:
1421:
1414:
1407:
1399:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1321:
1319:2nd Alpujarras
1316:
1314:1st Alpujarras
1310:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1183:Vega de Pagana
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1081:Mudéjar revolt
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
1002:
1001:
991:
989:Aragonese raid
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
960:
959:
955:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
877:Central Iberia
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
637:Norwegian raid
634:
629:
624:
619:
613:
612:
608:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
461:
460:
456:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
389:
388:
384:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
317:
316:
312:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
265:
264:
260:
257:
256:
244:
243:
236:
229:
221:
213:
212:
202:
201:
192:
191:
185:
184:
183:
182:
179:
178:
168:
154:
153:
149:
148:
143:
125:
124:
120:
119:
116:
115:
109:
105:
104:
60:
58:
54:
53:
50:
42:
41:
34:
33:
27:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2801:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2722:
2715:
2708:
2707:
2701:
2697:
2691:
2687:
2686:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2644:
2639:
2635:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2615:(3): 287–318.
2614:
2610:
2605:
2601:
2595:
2591:
2586:
2582:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2553:(2): 129–44.
2552:
2548:
2543:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2508:
2504:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2469:
2465:
2459:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2414:
2413:
2401:
2400:Ferreiro 1983
2396:
2389:
2388:Ferreiro 1983
2384:
2382:
2380:
2372:
2371:al-Bakri 1992
2367:
2359:
2352:
2346:, p. 61.
2345:
2340:
2334:, p. 37.
2333:
2328:
2321:
2316:
2314:
2306:
2305:Ferreiro 1983
2301:
2294:
2289:
2287:
2279:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2262:
2257:
2255:
2240:on 2017-11-07
2239:
2234:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2214:
2208:, p. 62.
2207:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2184:
2180:
2175:
2168:
2163:
2161:
2153:
2148:
2144:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2095:Reinhart Dozy
2086:
2084:
2080:
2078:
2071:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2011:
2006:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1902:Hugh of Cluny
1899:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1835:
1833:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1549:Lord Edward's
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1420:
1415:
1413:
1408:
1406:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1285:9th Gibraltar
1283:
1281:
1280:8th Gibraltar
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1270:7th Gibraltar
1268:
1266:
1265:La Higueruela
1263:
1261:
1260:6th Gibraltar
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1233:5th Algeciras
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1213:5th Gibraltar
1211:
1209:
1208:4th Algeciras
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1178:4th Gibraltar
1176:
1174:
1173:3rd Gibraltar
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1153:2nd Gibraltar
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1143:3rd Algeciras
1141:
1139:
1138:1st Gibraltar
1136:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1116:2nd Algeciras
1114:
1112:
1111:1st Algeciras
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1000:
997:
996:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
961:
957:
956:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
614:
610:
609:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
525:Piedra Pisada
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
485:Aqbat al-Bakr
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
462:
458:
457:
454:
453:3rd Barcelona
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
418:Valdejunquera
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
393:Day of Zamora
391:
390:
386:
385:
382:
381:2nd Barcelona
379:
377:
376:2nd Cellorigo
374:
372:
371:1st Cellorigo
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
356:Monte Laturce
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
321:1st Barcelona
319:
318:
314:
313:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
266:
262:
261:
258:
253:
252:
242:
237:
235:
230:
228:
223:
222:
219:
205:
189:
180:
177:
174:
173:
169:
167:
163:
159:
156:
155:
150:
147:
144:
142:
138:
134:
130:
127:
126:
121:
113:
110:
107:
106:
101:
71:
67:
63:
62:Al-Barbitanya
59:
56:
55:
51:
48:
47:
43:
40:
35:
30:
19:
2729:
2725:
2714:the original
2705:
2684:
2666:
2662:
2653:
2649:
2633:
2624:
2612:
2608:
2589:
2570:
2550:
2546:
2536:
2515:
2511:
2502:
2493:
2489:
2480:
2476:
2452:
2421:
2395:
2366:
2357:
2351:
2339:
2332:Chaytor 1933
2327:
2300:
2242:. Retrieved
2238:the original
2223:
2213:
2174:
2147:
2123:
2092:
2072:
2068:
2023:
2022:
2007:
2003:
2000:Consequences
1987:
1956:
1937:
1925:Spanish army
1922:
1917:
1895:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1844:
1830:
1796:
1795:
1746:
1745:
1681:
1680:
1624:Holy Leagues
1559:
1558:
1462:
1461:
1436:
1326:North Africa
1244:15th century
1132:14th century
1036:4th Valencia
958:13th century
912:4th Santarém
872:3rd Santarém
812:2nd Santarém
732:3rd Valencia
702:2nd Zaragoza
682:1st Santarém
617:2nd Valencia
611:12th century
575:1st Valencia
540:1st Zaragoza
499:
459:11th century
443:Torrevicente
387:10th century
284:Orbieu River
279:Burbia River
249:
170:
141:Papal states
123:Belligerents
61:
37:Part of the
2669:(1): 1–35.
2206:Bishko 1969
1988:Aside from
1983:Al-Muzaffar
1948:Aquitainian
1927:made up of
1832:Reconquista
1781:Despenser's
1756:Albigensian
1584:Alexandrian
1384:2nd Tangier
1369:1st Tangier
1228:2nd Montiel
1148:3rd Almería
1066:3rd Seville
994:2nd Majorca
897:2nd Seville
862:2nd Badajoz
842:2nd Almería
832:2nd Tortosa
802:1st Almería
787:1st Montiel
742:1st Badajoz
717:1st Granada
470:Calatañazor
398:1st Majorca
351:Guadalacete
326:1st Tortosa
315:9th century
263:8th century
251:Reconquista
95: /
52:August 1064
39:Reconquista
2748:Categories
2656:: 341–395.
2567:Ibn Hayyan
2518:: 217–28.
2496:: 257–301.
2244:2016-03-30
2226:(22): 34.
2099:Ibn Hayyan
2093:Historian
2046:muʾaḏḏinūn
1892:Expedition
1834:(722–1492)
1811:Children's
1731:Lithuanian
1250:Collejares
1238:2nd Murcia
1203:Guadalmesí
1193:Río Salado
1091:1st Murcia
1051:2nd Xàtiva
1046:1st Xàtiva
942:2nd Silves
927:2nd Silves
922:1st Silves
837:2nd Lleida
822:5th Lisbon
782:4th Lisbon
712:1st Lleida
672:Candespina
667:6th Toledo
652:Formentera
642:3rd Lisbon
622:Mollerussa
605:5th Toledo
600:4th Toledo
580:2nd Lisbon
565:3rd Toledo
535:2nd Toledo
423:1st Toledo
366:Polvoraria
309:1st Lisbon
299:Río Quirós
294:Las Babias
68:; today's
2732:: 225–33.
2524:0518-4088
2440:0212-2480
2038:ar-Raḥmān
1981:ruled by
1933:Aragonese
1886:crusading
1867:Barbastro
1766:Stedinger
1614:Nicopolis
1579:Smyrniote
1574:Aragonese
1479:Norwegian
1364:4nd Ceuta
1354:3nd Ceuta
1347:2nd Ceuta
1342:1st Ceuta
1255:Antequera
1106:Andalusia
1086:3rd Jerez
1076:2nd Jerez
1011:1st Jerez
984:Peníscola
952:Talamanca
907:2nd Évora
892:Calatrava
882:Tarragona
867:Juromenha
857:1st Évora
807:Al-Ludjdj
777:2nd Coria
757:1st Coria
692:Martorell
677:Vatalandi
595:Consuegra
515:Golpejera
500:Barbastro
438:Estercuel
269:Covadonga
80:42°2′10″N
70:Barbastro
2623:(1971).
2534:(1933).
2448:al-Bakri
2010:Andalusi
1959:Pyrenees
1929:Catalans
1898:Burgundy
1865:city of
1776:Bohemian
1761:Drenther
1726:Prussian
1721:Livonian
1700:Swedish
1683:Northern
1593:Barbary
1589:Savoyard
1484:Venetian
1427:Crusades
1198:Estepona
1126:Iznalloz
1061:3rd Jaén
1021:Burriana
1006:2nd Jaén
979:1st Jaén
964:Al-Dāmūs
902:Abrantes
797:Albacete
772:Trancoso
647:Talavera
627:Balaguer
545:Sagrajas
510:Llantada
433:Simancas
428:Alhandic
361:Morcuera
331:Pancorbo
112:Frankish
83:0°7′35″E
57:Location
2409:Sources
2103:Cluniac
2054:masajid
2042:aʼimmah
2026:masajid
2015:jurist
1963:Somport
1863:Spanish
1798:Popular
1786:Hussite
1771:Bosnian
1736:Russian
1696:Wendish
1539:Catalan
1529:Seventh
1524:Barons'
1379:Melilla
1359:Tétouan
1218:Linuesa
1188:Getares
1041:Algarve
1031:El Puig
1026:Córdoba
999:Portopí
947:Alarcos
852:Palmela
827:Sacavém
817:Sacavém
762:Ourique
722:Corbins
707:Cutanda
697:Coimbra
585:Alcoraz
530:Morella
505:Paterna
495:Coimbra
465:Cervera
346:Albelda
341:Clavijo
114:victory
72:, Spain
2726:Biblos
2692:
2596:
2577:
2522:
2460:
2438:
2058:kuffār
2050:kuffār
2030:Qur’ān
2013:Muslim
1979:Lleida
1967:Girona
1912:, for
1910:France
1691:Kalmar
1544:Eighth
1509:Fourth
1494:Second
1374:Asilah
1337:Strait
1300:Málaga
1295:Lucena
1223:Guadix
1121:Moclín
1101:Martos
887:Cuenca
752:Leiria
727:Alcalá
590:Bairén
550:Tudela
480:Albesa
304:Oviedo
108:Result
2717:(PDF)
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2646:(PDF)
2140:Notes
1975:taifa
1971:Graus
1871:Hudid
1741:Tatar
1619:Varna
1519:Sixth
1514:Fifth
1499:Third
1469:First
1096:Écija
932:Tomar
917:Alvor
792:Soure
767:Oreja
747:Fraga
737:Aceca
657:Ibiza
632:Uclés
560:Aledo
555:Tévar
520:Cabra
490:Graus
448:Rueda
289:Lutos
2690:ISBN
2594:ISBN
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2034:širk
2008:The
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1504:1197
1489:1129
1474:1101
1332:Salé
1168:Teba
1071:Faro
1056:Biar
1016:Ares
475:Torà
172:Amir
49:Date
2671:doi
2555:doi
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2062:Dīn
1977:of
1961:at
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