Transgender health care

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and challenge practices and policies that are discriminatory towards transgender people. Transgender Law Center also engages in public awareness campaigns and community engagements to ensure the significancy of transgender healthcare along with the barriers and unmet needs that are being advocated reflects real-world experiences, hoping to shift public perceptions and gain support for necessary changes to be made. For the professionals, Transgender Law Center provides education and trainings for healthcare providers and other professionals to make efforts into increasing awareness and promoting equal and competent care for transgender people. In effort to provide more resources, they address systemic challenges and organize guides and reports on best practices for transgender healthcare. Last but not least, Transgender Law Center offers direct support and gives legal support to those who are facing healthcare discriminations, in need of resources or referrals, and more.

1770:(ART), there is risk of drug-drug interactions between the ART and hormonal therapies the patient may also be using, especially feminizing hormone therapy. There is limited data on interactions between ART and targeted feminizing therapy. However, studies have found interactions between ART and oral contraceptives, which trans-feminine individuals may take if they cannot access targeted feminizing therapy. According to a review by Wansom et al., "Significant drug–drug interactions exist between ethinyl oestradiol and two main classes of antiretroviral medications: non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors (PIs)." Ethinyl estradiol is commonly used in oral contraceptive medications, and it is not recommended for feminizing therapy due to enhanced risk of 1929:

hospital employees by repeatedly referring to him as a woman leading to him leaving the hospital premises and not receiving the care he needed. In addition to that, “transgender participants also expressed fear when disclosing their gender identity because they expected or anticipated discrimination and suboptimal or inappropriate care.” Also, transgender patients who are seeking gender-affirming medical interventions, primary care and preventative care were experiencing significant challenges due to lack of available, well-trained and knowledgeable providers and some reported having to travel long distances to receive care from knowledgeable clinicians, educating themselves about the therapy they need or concerns that they have before meeting with primary care providers and obtaining non-prescribed

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because studies have shown evidence that transgender individuals have higher prevalence of mental health disorders. According to the systematic review conducted by Hermaszewska and colleagues, "some transgender people are forced to migrate to countries that offer them better legal protection and wider social acceptance." Lastly, many of the transgender patients experienced denial or restrictions of health insurance benefits for medically necessary and preventative care due to insurance policy related to gender conflict. These are some of the examples that the transgender patient population experienced in the health care settings, and on going research regarding transgender health and health experiences are showing evidences proving the presence of health inequities.

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account for the individual's specific anatomy and what type of sexual acts and behaviors the individual partakes in. For instance, HIV prevalence in transgender women is notably high, and a risk factor is that transgender women are frequently noted to partake in receptive anal sex with biologically male partners. There has been a tendency for these individuals to be grouped with "MSM" in research on HIV risk factors, due to a supposed shared mechanism of biological vulnerability to HIV transmission. This is problematic for a few reasons. This conflation fails to differentiate between external anatomy and gender. Additionally, this conflation may cause confuse the accurate reporting of data on the transgender population.

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certain demographics, with transgender youth between the ages of 18 and 24 having the highest percent. Individuals in the survey who were multiracial, had lower levels of education, and those with a lower annual income were all more likely to have attempted. Specifically, transgender males as a group are the most likely to attempt suicide, more so than transgender females. Later surveys suggest that the rate of suicidal attempts for non-binary individuals is in between the two. Transgender adults who have "de-transitioned", meaning having gone back to living as their sex assigned at birth, are significantly more likely to attempt suicide than transgender adults who have never "de-transitioned".

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a very significant role in the health experience of the transgender population. Incorporating transgender health education and training in the curriculum while addressing the disparities and specific needs of this population are the proposed strategies of the researchers to combat the health inequities and improve the experiences of transgender individuals in healthcare. This strategy will mold healthcare professionals and students to become knowledgeable, well trained, and competent in assisting and delivering care to transgender individuals. Furthermore, as mentioned in the research literature review of Ethan Cicero and colleagues, integrating

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came out to school peers or staff had a greater psychological well-being despite being bullied. The effects of bullying include higher risk for substance abuse, risky behaviors like drunk driving, and higher engagement in sexual risk behaviors. Being bullied also increases absenteeism and poor grades among LGTBQ individuals. Physical symptoms can also manifest as a result including abdominal pain, poor appetite, sleeping problems, increase in blood pressure, etc. These experiences as an adolescent can have negative consequence in adulthood as well. These consequence include depression, suicide attempts, lower life satisfaction, etc.

1555: 2232: 1755:, in the United States in 2019, 2% of patients newly diagnosed with HIV were transgender, a higher percentage than the 0.3% of the U.S. population which self-identified as transgender. HIV prevalence is higher in transgender women compared to transgender men. One systematic review and meta-analysis found that overall HIV prevalence around the world was 19.9% in transfeminine individuals and 2.56% in transmasculine individuals. Transgender sex work are at further enhanced HIV risk, and transgender populations in African and Latin American regions have higher HIV prevalence. 1488:. As of February 2023, the most recent version of the standards is Version 8. According to the standards of care, "Gender Dysphoria describes a state of distress or discomfort that may be experienced because a person's gender identity differs from that which is physically and/or socially attributed to their sex assigned at birth… Not all transgender and gender diverse people experience gender dysphoria." Gender nonconformity is not the same as gender dysphoria; nonconformity, according to the standards of care, is not a pathology and does not require medical treatment. 2177:, which requires at least one year of therapy, during which they must live for one full year as their desired gender in all professional, social, and personal matters. Gender clinics are recommended to provide male-to-female patients with wigs and breast prostheses for the endeavor. The evaluation additionally involves, if possible, meetings with family members and/or other individuals close to the patient. Patients may be denied care for any number of "psychosocial dimensions", including their choice of job or their marital status. 1952:

for medical histories. Common techniques recommended are asking patients their preferred name, pronouns, and other names they may go by in legal documents. In addition, visibility of non-cisgender identities is defined by the work environment of the clinic. Front-desk staff and medical assistants will interact with patients, which these guidelines recommend appropriate training. The existence of at least one gender-neutral bathroom shows consideration of patients with non-binary gender identities.

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functioning, depression, and overall behavioral and/or emotional problems. In a two-year study published in January 2023, Chen et al. found that gender-affirming hormones for transgender and non-binary youth "improved appearance congruence and psychosocial functioning". Another study analyzing Dutch transgender youth completed by Catharina van der Loos et al. found that 98% of participants who started gender-affirming hormone treatment in youth continued using said treatment into adulthood.

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banning gender affirming care coverage however insurance in other states does not have this restriction and can exclude this care. Each specific plan and policy will specify the coverage of gender affirming care. Most insurances covering gender affirming care will over generic and FDA approved hormone replacement therapy. If a clinician recommends a brand name hormone replacement therapy then insurance will conditionally accept it based on recommendation, cost, policy, and healthcare needs.

2075:, have access to hormones through non-prescription sources. This kind of access is a result of the low availability and expense of transgender health care clinics. However, transgender men have difficulty gaining access to hormones such as testosterone in Thailand because it is not as readily available as hormones for kathoeys. As a result, just a third of all trans men surveyed are taking hormones to transition whereas almost three quarters of kathoeys surveyed are taking hormones. 1925:

experiences during physician visits when seeking gender identity-based care. Transgender individuals are facing many obstacles in accessing health care, such as unsafe public spaces, negative health care related experiences, lack of knowledgeable health care professionals, discrimination while accessing care, lack of institutional support and even denial of health care services and health insurance benefits resulting to adverse outcomes in relation to health and quality of life.

2260:, as those unhappy with the NHS service are less likely to use it. Despite this positive response, however, other National Health Service programs are lacking; almost a third of respondents reported inadequate psychiatric care in their local area. The options available from the National Health Service also vary with location; slightly differing protocols are used in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Protocols and available options differ widely outside of the UK. 11021: 2498: 1272: 1296: 1352:. Questions implicated in transgender health care include gender variance, sex reassignment therapy, health risks (in relation to violence and mental health), and access to healthcare for trans people in different countries around the world. Gender affirming health care can include psychological, medical, physical, and social behavioral care. The purpose of gender affirming care is to help a transgender individual conform to their desired gender identity. 1284: 1998:

many of their healthcare needs. According to the United States Transgender Survey (USTC), 20% of the transgender community reported insurance coverage for gender affirming care being partially covered or not being covered at all. Without insurance coverage the transgender community is left with numerous out of pocket costs. The lack of insurance coverage denies these patient's their healthcare needs and creates financial insecurity.

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physical and sexual violence because of their experience with harassment and discrimination. The youth also express how individuals only see them for their gender and sexuality rather than their personal traits. Many of the youth have also dropped out or experience academic decline because of the constant harassment. Victimization started on average for transgender at the age of 13, while physical abuse started at an average age 14.

1499:. Arguments in favor of this model describe required assessments as gatekeeping, dehumanizing, pathologizing, and reinforcing a reductive perception of transgender experiences. Informed consent approaches include conversations between the medical provider and person seeking care on the details of risks and outcomes, current understandings of scientific research, and how the provider can best assist the person in making decisions. 1373:

before a gender affirmation surgery to go through a program called "Real Life Test". The Real Life Test was a program where before a gender affirming surgery the patient was required to live with their desired gender role. In 1979 the clinic was closed due to the newly appointed director of psychiatry Dr. Paul McHughs. Over the years, gender affirming care was labeled "experimental", causing many facilities to deny access to it.

2395:(commonly known as Obamacare) marketplace has improved access to insurance for the LGBT community through anti-discriminatory measures, such as not allowing insurance companies to reject consumers for being transgender. However, insurance sold outside of the ACA marketplace does not have to follow these requirements. This means that preventive care, such as gynecological exams for transgender men, may not be covered. 2484: 1578:, which is a 'bioidentical' hormone in that it is chemically identical to that from a human ovary." The anti-adrogenic medications include spironolactone and the 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, finasteride and dutasteride. This therapy induces breast formation, reduces male hair pattern growth, and changes fat distribution, also leading to a decreased testicular size and erectile function. 1594:

self-administered medications (testosterone, oestrogen, anti-androgens,..etc.), without professional guidance. An examination of the use of self-medication found that people who self-medicated were more likely to experience adverse health effects from preexisting conditions such as high blood pressure as well as slower development of desired secondary sex characteristics.

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systematic review determined that "Overall, the qualitative literature tended to support positive changes in well-being among people after starting feminizing hormone therapy, although often with the qualification that improvements in well-being were attributed to satisfaction with changes in appearance rather than to direct effects of hormones on psychosocial states."

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Aside from transition related care, transgender and gender non-conforming individuals need preventive care such as vaccines, gynecological care, prostate exams, and other annual preventive health measures. Various factors play a role in creating the limited access to care, such as insurance coverage issues related to their legal gender identity status.

2136:, in 1999, and several other regions have followed their lead in the following years. Multiple interdisciplinary clinics exist in Spain to cater specifically to diagnosing and treating transgender patients, including the Andalusian Gender Team. As of 2013, over 4000 transgender patients had been treated in Spain, including Spaniards and 1361:

there was a challenge against societal norms. In addition to his research, Hirschfeld also formed the term, "transvestite" which in modern terms is known as "transgender". Unfortunately, all of Hirschfeld's work was silenced during the Nazi German era when many transgender individuals were arrested and sent to concentration camps.

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guidance of a doctor. As a result, 66% of the respondents chose "online" and 51% chose "friends" as one of their sources for hormone replacement therapy medications. Gender reassignment surgeries were reported to be similarly inaccessible, with 89.1% of the respondents who have the needs for such surgeries unable to pursue them.

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infertility rate. There have been numerous cases of transgender men experiencing pregnancy and abortion. As trans men and doctors can be under this misconception about hormone replacement therapy impacting fertility and serving as a form of contraception, keeping people informed on fertility options remains crucial.

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care to trans people. Trans individuals face the risk of aging with more limited support and in more stigmatizing environments than heteronormative individuals. Despite the rather negative picture portrayed by medical literature in relation to the depression and isolation that many transgender people

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In 2018 Stonewall described UK transgender healthcare as having "significant barriers to accessing treatment, including waiting times that stretch into years, far exceeding the maximums set by law for NHS patients". Patients have the legal right to begin treatment within 18 weeks of referral by their

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Numerous insurances within the United States cover gendering affirming care which includes hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and surgery. However this coverage is conditional and dependent on many factors such as plan benefits, employer, and the state. In California most insurances are prevented from

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These negative experiences in medical environment faced by many transgender patients are partly due to the lack of transgender-specific knowledge of healthcare professionals and students and lack of transgender health education integrated in health professional schools. Health care professionals play

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and the heightened rate of depression and other mental illness among both transgender men and women. The expectation to experience rejection can become an important stressor for transgender and gender non-conforming individuals. Mental health problems among trans people are related to higher rates of

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Many studies report extremely high rates of suicide within the transgender community. A United States study of 6,450 transgender individuals found that 41% of them had attempted suicide, as differing from the national average of 4.6%. The very same survey found that these rates were the most high for

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Those who are transgender are significantly more likely to be diagnosed with anxiety disorders or depression than the general population. A number of studies suggest that the inflated rates of depression and anxiety in transgender individuals may partially be because of systematic discrimination or a

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found that one of the main contributors to not accessing care was the use of incorrect name and pronouns. A meta analysis of the National Transgender Discrimination Survey examined respondents who used the "gender not listed here" option on the survey and their experiences with accessing health care.

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Victimization is often the outcome to disclosure for transgender individuals. Transgender individuals are pressured to conform to gender norms which make them vulnerable for victimization by peers and parents. A study done by Grossman and D’Augelli reported that transgender youth feared that may face

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Often, at least a certain period of psychological counseling is required before initiating hormone replacement therapy, as is a period of living in the desired gender role, if possible, to ensure that they can psychologically function in that life-role. On the other hand, some clinics provide hormone

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For some important aspects of transgender care, it would be impossible or unwise to engage in more robust study designs due to ethical concerns and lack of volunteer enrollment. For example, it would be extremely problematic to include a "long-term placebo treated control group" in an RCT of hormone

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Vargas-Huicochea, Ingrid; Robles, Rebeca; Real, Tania; Fresán, Ana; Cruz-Islas, Jeremy; Vega-Ramírez, Hamid; Medina-Mora, María Elena (November 2018). "A Qualitative Study of the Acceptability of the Proposed ICD-11 Gender Incongruence of Childhood Diagnosis Among Transgender Adults Who Were Labeled

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For transgender older adults seeking gender-affirming hormonal therapy, data on the health impacts of masculinizing and feminizing therapies in the older population is limited. Testosterone and estrogen levels reduce with age, and sex hormone levels and advanced age have each been identified as risk

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Transgender women sex workers have cited financial difficulties as barriers to accessing physical transition options. As a result, they have entered sex work to relieve financial burdens, both those related to transition and those not related to transition. However, despite working in the sex trade,

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reported that nearly half of transgender people surveyed undertook body-altering procedures without medical supervision. Transition-related care is not covered under Mexico's national health plan. Only one public health institution in Mexico provides free hormones for transgender people. Health care

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In 1972, Sweden introduced a law that made it possible to change a person's legal gender, but in order to do that, transgender individuals were required to be sterilized and were not allowed to save any sperm or eggs. Apart from this, there were no other mandatory surgeries required for legal gender

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and trans-inclusive healthcare when attending to medical needs of this population and doing more research focusing on transgender health and health care experiences, disparities and barriers are some of the ways to support the health of transgender individuals by providing them with equitable health

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Transgender individuals may be bullied as a result of the gender norm. Studies revolving around the effects of bullying have shown that bullying is associated with a declining mental health. Past experience predicted more depressive symptoms and a low self-worth. A study also revealed that those who

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GLMA provides resources along with edcational programs to help healthcare professionals gain the knowledge and skills in giving appropriate care to LGBTQ patients whilst hosting conferences and workshops to foster the environment for discussion of the latest research or emerging issues in the field.

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Lambda Legal is a United States national organization that advocates for the rights of LGBTQIA+ people and those who are living with HIV since 1973. They make the effort to make changes to policies at all federal, state, and local levels for LGBTQIA+ rights, while engaging with health departments to

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It is also important to educate transgender youth on their fertility preservation options. This is because few adolescents end up doing so, alongside transgender adolescents reporting distress at the prospect of becoming infertile due to medical conditions and treatment relating to their transgender

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As there are various ways of classifying or characterizing those who are either diagnosed or self-affirm as transgender individuals, the literature cannot clearly estimate how prevalent these experiences are within the total population. The results of a recent systematic review highlight the need to

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included the term "gender incongruence" as "marked and persistent incongruence between an individual's experienced gender and the assigned sex", where gender variant behaviour and preferences do not necessarily imply a medical diagnosis. However, the difference between "gender dysphoria" and "gender

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These challenge's with insurance create a decrease in healthcare outreach by the transgender community due to the costs. According to the United States Transgender Survey (USTS), 37.6% of the transgender community reported missing or avoiding preventative screenings and healthcare visits due to the

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Guidelines from the UCSF Transgender Care Center state the importance of visibility in chosen gender identity for transgender or non-binary patients. Safe environments include a two-step process in collecting gender identity data by differentiating between personal identity and assignments at birth

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that they need for gender transitioning due to lack of access to prescribing providers. Furthermore, when accessing mental health services, some trans adults experienced being accused of having mental illness for being transgender and therefore led to avoidance of this services which is unfortunate

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There is limited data regarding the impact of social determinants of health on transgender and gender non-conforming individuals' health outcomes. However, despite the limited data available, transgender and gender non-conforming individuals have been found to be at higher risk of experiencing poor

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They advocate for better healthcare access for transgender people with multiple efforts. With policy advocacy and litigation efforts, Transgender Law Center advocates for laws and regulations to require insurance companies to cover gender-affirming care and engages in legal actions to fight against

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Trans men are normally treated with exogenous testosterone. Several formulations of testosterone exist, and in the U.S., all formulations are "bioidentical" to endogenous testosterone of testicular origin. Masculinizing therapy is expected to cease menses, to increase facial and body hair, to cause

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Some studies posit that treating gender variance as a medical condition has negative effects on the health of transgender people and claim that assumptions of coexisting psychiatric symptoms should be avoided. Other studies argue that gender incongruence diagnosis may be important and even positive

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Many efforts were made to advocate for gender affirming care even though there were many obstacles. However, in 2010 there was a resurgence in transgender healthcare efforts and an expansion in the protection and action of gender affirming care. This caused a positive shift towards gender affirming

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In 1966 the John Hopkins Gender Clinic was started. It was a great step towards transgender healthcare as it provided care for transgender individuals, including hormone replacement therapy, surgery, psychological counseling, and any other gender affirmative healthcare. The clinic required patients

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Transgender people face various kinds of discrimination, especially in health care situations. An assessment of transgender needs in Philadelphia found that 26% of respondents had been denied health care because they were transgender and 52% of respondents had difficulty accessing health services.

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The transgender population has faced an increased burden of disease due to the lack of gender affirming coverage by insurance. Compared to the cisgender population the transgender community has a lower insurance rate and faces obstacles with insurance (both private and public) denying coverage for

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There are frequent misconceptions within both patients and doctors about how hormone replacement therapy affects fertility. One common misconception is that starting it automatically leads to infertility. While it may impact the ability to be fertile, it does not mean it leads to a hundred percent

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In the 1920s, physician Magnus Hirschfeld conducted formal studies to understand gender dysphoria and human sexuality and advocated for communities that were marginalized. His research and work provided a new perspective on gender identity, gender expression, and sexuality. This was the first time

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Discrimination has a significant effect on the mental health of young transgender people. The lack of family acceptance, rejection in schools and abuse from peers can be powerful stressors, leading to poor mental health and substance abuse. A study done on transgender youth in San Francisco found

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Besides the toll of this community's health and financial stability, insurances also refuse to change their records to reflect the true nature of the patient. Many health insurance companies have refused to change the individuals name and gender on their records. This creates another obstacle for

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Peitzmeier and colleagues conducted a study on partner violence; they found that transgender individuals are 3 times more likely than their counterparts to experience partner violence physical and sexual. Partner violence is a risk factor for numerous health outcomes like a decrease psychological

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Notably, Lambda Legal's involvement has led to several successful legal attempts in expanding not only healthcare rights but also protections for transgender people. They served as legal attorneys for the LGBTQIA+ community along with those living with HIV, with all their closed to current active

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In rare cases, individuals may wish to "detransition," or to reverse or stop the gender-affirming medical therapy. Reasons can include physical adverse effects, changing view of gender identity, and social rejection/discrimination. Research is very limited into the process of detransitioning. The

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compared to the general population. In systematic reviews, hormone therapy and gender-affirming surgery were associated with improved mental health outcomes. In follow-up studies, most trans people experience improved psychological, social, and sexual functioning, improved global functioning, and

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Transgender people seeking surgery may be informed they will need to take hormones for the rest of their life if they want to maintain the feminizing effects of oestrogen or the masculinizing effects of testosterone. Their dose of hormones will usually be reduced, but it should still be enough to

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Access to hormone replacement therapy has been shown to improve quality of life for people in the female-to-male community when compared to female-to-male people who do not have access to hormone replacement therapy. Feminizing therapy has also been found to improve well-being. Interestingly, one

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are significantly limited compared to those for transgender adults. Prepubescent transgender youth can go through various social changes, such as presenting as their gender and asking to be called by a different name or different pronouns. Medical options for transition become available once the

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Gender care in the Netherlands is insured under the national health care of third part insurer's, including laser hair removal, SRS, facial feminization surgery and hormones. Hormones can be prescribed by licensed endocrinologist in an academic hospital from the age 16 and older. Blockers can be

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Access to transition care, mental care, and other issues affecting transgender people is very limited; there is only one comprehensive transgender health care clinic available in South Africa. Additionally, the typical lack of access to transition options that comes as a result of gatekeeping is

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In the studies conducted by researchers, transgender participants reported experiencing stigma, prejudice, barriers and discrimination resulting to avoidance or delaying of health care. For instance, a transgender man seeking medical care in the emergency department was verbally assaulted by the

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Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is primarily concerned with alleviating gender dysphoria in transgender people. Hormone therapy targets the secondary sex characteristics. Trans women typically use feminizing therapy, the goal of which is to develop female characteristics while suppressing male

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An individual with a transsexual or gender dysphoria diagnosis can, together with the assessment team and other doctors, decide what suits them. Medically transitioning in Sweden is covered by the high-cost protection for medications and doctor's visits, and there is no surgery fee. The fee the

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showed that out of 1279 of its respondents who wanted to receive hormone treatment, 71% of them felt that it was "difficult", "very difficult", or "virtually impossible" to acquire safe and reliable information about gender affirming medications and receive hormonal replacement therapy with the

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Transgender Law Center is a national trans-led organization founded in 2002, that is dedicated to advocate for the rights and well-being of transgender and gender nonconforming people with legal advocacy, policy initiatives, and community empowerment. Transgender Law Center expand their work to

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For trans women, it is possible for them to undergo cryopreservation before starting hormone replacement therapy. As evidence has shown that trans women tend to have lower motile sperm compared to their cisgender counterparts, fertility preservation can be important for individuals anticipating

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guidelines, UCSF recommends HIV screening for all transgender people at least once. Screening may be repeated on a case-by-case basis, depending on the person's risk for contracting HIV. The risk should be assessed based on the individual's sexual behavior. HIV risk assessment screening should

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changes in skin and in fat distribution, and to increase muscle mass and libido. After at least three months, other effects are expected, such as the deepening of the voice and changes in sexual organs (such as atrophy of vaginal tissues, and increased clitoral size). Regular monitoring by an

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In a 2018 review, evidence suggested that hormonal treatments for transgender adolescents can achieve their intended physical effects. The mental effects of GnRH modifiers are positive with treatment associated with significant improvements in multiple psychological measures, including global

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The Center of Excellence for Transgender Health at the University of California, San Francisco was established in 2009, dedicated to improving health equity for trans and gender nonconforming communities. The Center of Excellence for Transgender Health is a national advisory board composed of

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While the WPATH standards of care generally require the patient to have reached the age of majority, they include a separate section devoted to children and adolescents. Prepubescent children do not have access to medical intervention for gender-affirming therapy. After puberty, some medical

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Trans people are a vulnerable population of patients with negative experiences in health care contributing to stigmatization of their gender identity. As noted by a systematic review conducted by researchers at James Cook University, evidence reports that 75.3% of respondents have negative

1688:), hormonal treatment, and (for genital surgery) completion of a 12-month period in which the person lives full-time as their gender. WPATH standards, while commonly used in gender clinics, are non-binding; many trans patients undergoing surgery do not meet all of the eligibility criteria. 3045:

Defreyne, Justine; Kreukels, Baudewijntje; T'Sjoen, Guy; Staphorsius, Annemieke; Den Heijer, Martin; Heylens, Gunter; Elaut, Els (April 2019). "No correlation between serum testosterone levels and state-level anger intensity in transgender people: Results from the European Network for the

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Despite the improvement in quality of life, there are still dangers with hormone replacement therapy, in particular with self-medication. Many transgender people lack access to a supportive, high quality, non-discriminatory health care system. Therefore, the only option for GAHT may be

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Pinna, Federica; Paribello, Pasquale; Somaini, Giulia; Corona, Alice; Ventriglio, Antonio; Corrias, Carolina; Frau, Ilaria; Murgia, Roberto; El Kacemi, Sabrina; Galeazzi, Gian Maria; Mirandola, Massimo; Amaddeo, Francesco; Crapanzano, Andrea; Converti, Manlio; Piras, Paola (2022).

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health settings remains fragmented for transgender people, with access and services highly dependent on a political administration's support for trans health in policy as well as globally-engrained health inequalities largely shaped by financial wealth inequalities such as the

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approved a policy statement supporting unobstructed access to health care and evidence-based clinical care for transgender, gender-diverse, and nonbinary children, adolescents, and adults, as well as opposing state bans and policies intended to limit access to such care.

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Gender Identity Clinics providing services to adults and a separate service for younger people. The National Gender Identity Clinical Network for Scotland reported in 2021 that some patients had waited in excess of two years from referral for their first appointment.

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practitioners, but it exists in all fields of medicine. Misguided investigation of transition-related causes can frustrate patients and cause delay in or refusal of treatment, or misdiagnosis and prescription of a wrong treatment. Misattribution of symptoms to

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wants to reduce "unacceptable waits to access gender identity services". Research has indicated patient dissatisfaction with long wait times. However, overall experience of treatment outcomes was largely positive, particularly for hormone therapy and surgery.

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significantly reduced suicidal ideation. Less than 1% of post-operative trans patients regret surgery. Gender-affirming surgery alone may not eliminate dysphoria or suicidality, and some trans people may need further mental health care in addition to surgery.

1852:. Specifically, in resource-constrained settings where non-discriminatory policies may be limited or not enforced, transgender people may encounter high rates of stigma and violence which are associated with poor health outcomes. Studies in countries of the 1972:

companies refusing to pay for treatments, claiming that a mental or physical health problem is inevitable or untreatable due to the patient's transgender status or that a treatment would be too experimental because the patient is transgender. According to

2256:(NHS) found that 94% of transgender people using the gender identity clinics were satisfied with their care and would recommend the clinics to a friend or family member. This study focused on transgender people using the NHS clinics and so was prone to 2143:

Beginning in 2007, Spain has begun allowing transgender individuals who are eighteen years or older to change their name and gender identity on public records and documents if they have been receiving hormone replacement therapy for at least two years.

1478:(DSM) names it gender dysphoria (in version 5). Some people who are validly diagnosed have no desire for all or some parts of sex reassignment therapy, particularly genital reassignment surgery, and/or are not appropriate candidates for such treatment. 8083: 2306:

Canadians found that a third of younger (ages 14–18) and half of the older (ages 19–25) respondents missed needed physical health care. Only 15 percent of respondents with a family doctor felt very comfortable discussing transgender issues with them.

1896:. Gender dysphoria is typically most upsetting for the individual prior to transitioning, and once the individual begins to transition into their desired gender, whether the transition be socially, medically, or both, the distress frequently lessens. 8571:

Davies, Andrew; Bouman, Walter Pierre; Richards, Christina; Barrett, James; Ahmad, Sheraz; Baker, Karen; Lenihan, Penny; Lorimer, Stuart; Murjan, Sarah (2013-11-01). "Patient satisfaction with gender identity clinic services in the United Kingdom".

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change. In 1999, people who had been forcibly sterilized in Sweden were entitled to compensation. However, the sterilization requirement remained for people who changed their legal gender. In January 2013, forced sterilization was banned in Sweden.

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Gender variance is defined in medical literature as "gender identity, expression, or behavior that falls outside of culturally defined norms associated with a specific gender". For centuries, gender variance was seen by medicine as a pathology. The

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Coleman, E.; Bockting, W.; Botzer, M.; Cohen-Kettenis, P.; DeCuypere, G.; Feldman, J.; Fraser, L.; Green, J.; Knudson, G. (2012-08-01). "Standards of Care for the Health of Transsexual, Transgender, and Gender-Nonconforming People, Version 7".

2526: 1730:, are not applicable in studying some aspects of transgender health care due to ethical concerns (for example, it would be severely unethical to test the long-term efficacy of hormone therapy by treating some prospective patients with a 1673: 1485: 1439:. There have been options for transitioning for transgender individuals since 1917. Gender-affirming care helps people to change their physical appearance and/or sex characteristics to accord with their gender identity; it includes 2669:

Coleman, E.; Radix, A. E.; Bouman, W. P.; Brown, G. R.; de Vries, A. L. C.; Deutsch, M. B.; Ettner, R.; Fraser, L.; Goodman, M.; Green, J.; Hancock, A. B.; Johnson, T. W.; Karasic, D. H.; Knudson, G. A.; Leibowitz, S. F. (2022).

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the transgender women are at low risk for HIV transmission as the Colombian government requires education about sexual health and human rights for sex workers to work in so-called tolerance zones, areas where sex work is legal.

1447:. While many transgender people do elect to transition physically, every transgender person has different needs and, as such, there is no required transition plan. Preventive health care is a crucial part of transitioning and a 9099: 2202:

Up until January 27, 2017, being transsexual was classed as a disease. Two months earlier, on November 21, 2016, around 50 trans activists broke into and occupied the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare (Swedish:

1601:

produce the effects that they need and to keep them well, and to protect them against osteoporosis (thinning of the bones) as they get older. If they are still on hormone blockers, they will stop taking them altogether.

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Depending on the person's health and wishes there are several different treatments and surgeries available. Today, no form of treatment is mandatory. Although to access medical and legal transitional treatment (e.g.

1813:

GLMA: Health Professionals Advancing LGBTQ Equality is the world's largest and oldest LGBTQ healthcare professionals association founded in 1981. It is also formerly known as the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association.

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having biological children in the future. While fertility preservation is important to consider before starting HRT, it is possible in some cases to regain fertility after halting HRT for a period of time.

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Gorton N, Grubb HM (2014). General, Sexual, and Reproductive health. In L. Erickson-Schroth. Trans Bodies, Trans Selves: A Resource for the transgender community (pp. 215-240). New York: Oxford University

10537: 9524:"APA Policy Statement on Affirming Evidence-Based Inclusive Care for Transgender, Gender Diverse, and Nonbinary Individuals, Addressing Misinformation, and the Role of Psychological Practice and Science" 9155: 8890: 1615:

On July 1, 2022, the FDA issued an update that gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, drugs that are approved for treating precocious puberty, may be a risk factor for developing pseudotumor cerebri.

2128:

Public health care services are available for transgender individuals in Spain, although there has been debate over whether certain procedures should be covered under the public system. The region of

1904:

lack of support. Evidence suggests that these increased rates begin to normalize when transgender individuals are accepted as their identified gender and when they live within a supportive household.

3089:

Castro-Peraza, Maria Elisa; García-Acosta, Jesús Manuel; Delgado, Naira; Perdomo-Hernández, Ana María; Sosa-Alvarez, Maria Inmaculada; Llabrés-Solé, Rosa; Lorenzo-Rocha, Nieves Doria (2019-03-18).

2906:"Disorders related to sexuality and gender identity in the ICD-11: revising the ICD-10 classification based on current scientific evidence, best clinical practices, and human rights considerations" 2857:"Disorders related to sexuality and gender identity in the ICD-11: revising the ICD-10 classification based on current scientific evidence, best clinical practices, and human rights considerations" 2002:

costs This creates an increased burden of disease and statistics show a higher rate of mental health condition's, poor physical health, and respiratory conditions (e.g. asthma) in this community).

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residents aged 16 and over, published in 2016, found that half of them were reluctant to discuss transgender issues with their family doctor. A 2013–2014 nationwide study of young transgender and

1676:

recommend additional requirements for gender-affirming surgery when compared to hormone replacement therapy. Whereas hormone replacement therapy can be obtained through something as simple as an

2904:

Reed, Geoffrey M.; Drescher, Jack; Krueger, Richard B.; Atalla, Elham; Cochran, Susan D.; First, Michael B.; Cohen-Kettenis, Peggy T.; Arango-de Montis, Iván; Parish, Sharon J. (October 2016).

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Reed, Geoffrey M.; Drescher, Jack; Krueger, Richard B.; Atalla, Elham; Cochran, Susan D.; First, Michael B.; Cohen-Kettenis, Peggy T.; Arango-de Montis, Iván; Parish, Sharon J. (October 2016).

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They also conduct LGBTQ centered research to identify the disparities and health needs to publish guidelines and inform about evidence-based healthcare practices and policies to LGBTQ health.

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Connolly, Maureen D.; Zervos, Marcus J.; Barone, Charles J.; Johnson, Christine C.; Joseph, Christine L. M. (2016-11-01). "The Mental Health of Transgender Youth: Advances in Understanding".

5125:

Budhwani, Henna; Hearld, Kristine R.; Milner, Adrienne N.; Charow, Rebecca; McGlaughlin, Elaine M.; Rodriguez-Lauzurique, Mayra; Rosario, Santo; Paulino-Ramirez, Robert (September 26, 2017).

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Trans women are usually treated with estrogen and complementary anti-androgenic therapy. According to UCSF Transgender Care, "The primary class of estrogen used for feminizing therapy is

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model is an alternative to the standard WPATH approach which does not require a person seeking transition related medical treatment to undergo formal assessment of their mental health or

10749: 5481:; Lee, Susan S.; Castillo, Marné; Hawkins, Linda; Barg, Frances K. (February 2016). "Barriers and Facilitators to HIV Prevention, Testing, and Treatment among Young Transgender Women". 926: 9092: 1876:

health outcomes and restricted access to health care due to increased risk for violence, isolation, and other types of discrimination both inside and outside the health care setting.

5430:

Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Disease and Health Promotion. (2016, September). Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health. Retrieved from HealthyPeople.gov:

2463:

Transgender older adults can encounter challenges in the access and quality of care received in health care systems and nursing homes, where providers may be ill-prepared to provide

5818:

Bogart, Laura M.; Elliott, Marc N.; Klein, David J.; Tortolero, Susan R.; Mrug, Sylvie; Peskin, Melissa F.; Davies, Susan L.; Schink, Elizabeth T.; Schuster, Mark A. (2014-03-01).

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GP, however the average wait for patients to gender identity clinics was 18 months in 2020 with over 13,000 people on the waiting list for appointments at gender identity clinics.

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being the last of the provinces to start insuring these procedures in 2016. Waiting times for surgeries can be lengthy, as few surgeons in the country provide them; a clinic in

4125:

Barnard, Emily P.; Dhar, Cherie Priya; Rothenberg, Stephanie S.; Menke, Marie N.; Witchel, Selma F.; Montano, Gerald T.; Orwig, Kyle E.; Valli-Pulaski, Hanna (September 2019).

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Chen, Diane; Berona, Johnny; Chan, Yee-Ming; Ehrensaft, Diane; Garofalo, Robert; Hidalgo, Marco; Rosenthal, Stephen; Tishelman, Amy; Olson-Kennedy, Johanna (19 January 2023).

1892:

Transgender individuals may experience distress and sadness as a result of their gender identity being inconsistent with their biological sex. This distress is referred to as

943: 8637: 6545: 10921: 10759: 2536: 1180: 9212:

Bianchi, Fernanda T.; Reisen, Carol A.; Zea, Maria Cecilia; Vidal-Ortiz, Salvador; Gonzales, Felisa A.; Betancourt, Fabián; Aguilar, Marcela; Poppen, Paul J. (2014-01-24).

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intervention is available for adolescents depending on specific criteria for gender incongruence diagnosis, capacity for informed consent, and mental and physical health.

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Despite its importance, access to preventive care is also limited by several factors, including discrimination and erasure. A study on young transgender women's access to

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characteristics. Trans men typically use masculinizing therapy, which has the opposite goal - to develop male characteristics while suppressing female characteristics.

2443:

that higher rates of both transgender-based and racial bias are associated with increased rates of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and suicidal ideation.

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study also found that many transgender Mexicans have physical health problems due to living on the margins of society. The authors of the study recommended that the

8304: 8402: 4490:

Bustos, Valeria; Bustos, Samyd; Mascaro, Andres; Del Corral, Gabriel; Forte, Antonio; Ciudad, Pedro; Kim, Esther; Langstein, Howard; Manrique, Oscar (March 2021).

3461: 7112:"Transgender health content in medical education: a theory-guided systematic review of current training practices and implementation barriers & facilitators" 2580: 2472:

factors for cancers, cardiovascular disease, and other disease states. Further investigation is needed to assess the risks and benefits of GAHT in older adults.

2274: 9151: 8691: 8381: 8251:

Esteva de Antonio, Isabel; Gómez-Gil, Esther; Almaraz, M. ª Cruz; Martínez-Tudela, Juana; Bergero, Trinidad; Olveira, Gabriel; Soriguer, Federico (2012-06-01).

10838: 1045: 420: 4400:

Johansson, Annika; Sundbom, Elisabet; Höjerback, Torvald; Bodlund, Owe (2009). "A Five-Year Follow-Up Study of Swedish Adults with Gender Identity Disorder".

10823: 1669: 1475: 1010: 432: 8252: 10828: 10788: 1015: 985: 8941: 7803:

Reisner, Sari L; Poteat, Tonia; Keatley, JoAnne; Cabral, Mauro; Mothopeng, Tampose; Dunham, Emilia; Holland, Claire E; Max, Ryan; Baral, Stefan D (2016).

6148:

Rosenthal, Lisa; Earnshaw, Valerie A; Carroll-Scott, Amy; Henderson, Kathryn E; Peters, Susan M; McCaslin, Catherine; Ickovics, Jeannette R (2013-10-22).

6095:"Do Bullied Children Get Ill, or Do Ill Children Get Bullied? A Prospective Cohort Study on the Relationship Between Bullying and Health-Related Symptoms" 3791:"Self-administration of gender-affirming hormones: a systematic review of effectiveness, cost, and values and preferences of end-users and health workers" 1513:

Hormone replacement therapy is to be initiated from a qualified health professional. The general requirements, according to the WPATH standards, include:

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encounter at earlier stages of life, some studies found testimonies of older LGBT adults relating feelings of inclusion, comfort and community support.

10715: 2018:

Some of the insurances that cover gender affirming care include Anthem Blue Cross Blue Shield, Cigna, Aetna, Medicare, Tri-care and United Healthcare.

1943:

care to promote the utilization of health care, better delivery of care and improve overall well-being and health outcomes of this patient population.

1133: 513: 9186: 8443: 4443:

Park, Rachel H.; Liu, Yi-Ting; Samuel, Ankhita; Gurganus, Margot; Gampper, Thomas J.; Corbett, Sean T.; Shahane, Amit; Stranix, John T. (2022-10-01).

1831:

contains guidelines developed by The Center of Excellence for Transgender Health that are widely used clinical guidelines for transgender healthcare.

10336: 8220:

Giraldo, F.; Antonio, I. Esteva de; Miguel, T. Bergero de; Maté, A.; González, C.; Baena, V.; Martín-Morales, A.; Tinoco, I.; Cano, G. (2001-10-01).

7509: 2773:

Byne, William; Karasic, Dan H.; Coleman, Eli; Eyler, A. Evan; Kidd, Jeremy D.; Meyer-Bahlburg, Heino F.L.; Pleak, Richard R.; Pula, Jack (May 2018).

701: 7968:"Exploration of functional health, mental well-being and cross-sex hormone use in a sample of Thai male-to-female transgendered persons (kathoeys)" 4386: 2338:

announced plans to ban gender affirming surgeries for minors under the age of 18 and hormones and puberty blockers for minors under the age of 16.

1722:

Some researchers have expressed a need for further high-quality research on mental health outcomes following surgery. Certain statistically robust

1884:

Over a third of the people who chose that option said that they had avoided accessing general care due to bias and fears of social repercussions.

1597:

Hormone therapy for transgender individuals has been shown in medical literature to be safe, when supervised by a qualified medical professional.

1989:

clients in the UK said their counsellor "wanted to explore transgender issues in therapy even when this wasn't the reason they had sought help".

9600:

de Vries, Brian; Gutman, Gloria; Humble, Áine; Gahagan, Jacqueline; Chamberland, Line; Aubert, Patrick; Fast, Janet; Mock, Steven (2019-03-14).

9506:"Continuation of gender-affirming hormones in transgender people starting puberty suppression in adolescence: a cohort study in the Netherlands" 5664:

Bouman, Walter Pierre; Claes, Laurence; Brewin, Nicky; Crawford, John R.; Millet, Nessa; Fernandez-Aranda, Fernando; Arcelus, Jon (2017-01-02).

10877: 10616: 8921: 8120:[Announcement of the National Medical Products Administration on Regulating Filing and Reporting of Online Drug Sales (2022 No. 112)]. 1510:

While a mental health assessment is required by the standards of care, psychotherapy is not an absolute requirement but is highly recommended.

1440: 1175: 9027:"Experiences of Transgender-Related Discrimination and Implications for Health: Results From the Virginia Transgender Health Initiative Study" 5531: 5182:"Looking at Population Health Beyond "Male" and "Female": Implications of Transgender Identity and Gender Nonconformity for Population Health" 3789:

Kennedy, Caitlin E.; Yeh, Ping Teresa; Byrne, Jack; van der Merwe, L. Leigh Ann; Ferguson, Laura; Poteat, Tonia; Narasimhan, Manjulaa (2022).

5371:

Peitzmeier, Sarah M.; Malik, Mannat; Kattari, Shanna K.; Marrow, Elliot; Stephenson, Rob; Agénor, Madina; Reisner, Sari L. (September 2020).

1982: 1324: 8148:[The National Medical Products Administration Issued a List of Banned Drugs on the Internet: Including Vaccines, Injections, etc.]. 7738:"Visualizing patterns and gaps in transgender sexual and reproductive health: A bibliometric and content analysis of literature (1990–2020)" 2624: 2382: 2318:

is the only one providing a full range of procedures. Insurance coverage is not generally provided for the transition-related procedures of

10911: 9794: 7529:

Hunt, Jane (2013). "An initial study of transgender people's experiences of seeking and receiving counselling or psychotherapy in the UK".

4626: 3873:"Hormone therapy in transgender adults is safe with provider supervision; A review of hormone therapy sequelae for transgender individuals" 2439:

child begins to enter puberty. Under close supervision by a team of doctors, puberty blockers may be used to limit the effects of puberty.

1759: 1563: 743: 490: 8741: 8222:"Andalusia (Málaga) Gender Team. Surgical experience treating transsexuals in the first and only unit in the Spanish Public Health System" 10294: 10236: 10088: 5431: 4550:

Dhejne, Cecilia; Lichtenstein, Paul; Boman, Marcus; Johansson, Anna L. V.; Långström, Niklas; Landén, Mikael (2011). Scott, James (ed.).

663: 613: 503: 9121: 4529: 10601: 8716: 6364:"The buffering role of social support on the associations among discrimination, mental health, and suicidality in a transgender sample" 2392: 1752: 1697: 1160: 10730: 9719:

Iwamoto, Sean J.; Defreyne, Justine; Kaoutzanis, Christodoulos; Davies, Robert D.; Moreau, Kerrie L.; Rothman, Micol S. (2023-04-19).

10606: 10081: 10076: 2542: 2166: 2162: 1165: 1077: 383: 376: 9081:

Varny J. (2016). Rainbow Medicine- Supporting the Needs of Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and trans patients. Journal of Clinical Medicine.

904: 10860: 10783: 10611: 10483: 10304: 10179: 10141: 9272:

Chen, Diane; Hidalgo, Marco A.; Leibowitz, Scott; Leininger, Jennifer; Simons, Lisa; Finlayson, Courtney; Garofalo, Robert (2016).

8644: 8326: 8110: 8020:"Cross-sex hormone use, functional health and mental well-being among transgender men and Transgender Women (Kathoeys) in Thailand" 6704:

Rood, Brian A.; Reisner, Sari L.; Surace, Francisco I.; Puckett, Jae A.; Maroney, Meredith R.; Pantalone, David W. (January 2016).

6534: 5053:"Guidelines for the Primary and Gender-Affirming Care of Transgender and Gender Nonbinary People | Gender Affirming Health Program" 2727:

Simons, Lisa K.; Leibowitz, Scott F.; Hidalgo, Marco A. (2014-06-01). "Understanding Gender Variance in Children and Adolescents".

2096: 1985:

shows that 57% of transgender people in the United Kingdom put off seeing a doctor when they were ill. In 2014, 43% of transgender

1460: 1395: 1170: 1067: 980: 842: 576: 485: 17: 10764: 10701: 2192:

persons younger than 18 years, the healthcare is limited. These individuals do not have access to a legal gender marker change or

1680:

form, gender-affirming surgery can require a supporting letter from a licensed therapist (two letters for genital surgery such as

1523:

Age of majority in a given country (however, the WPATH standards of care provide separate discussion of children and adolescents);

10872: 6762: 6630: 1968:

may also cause doctors to erroneously recommend the patient stop taking hormones. Trans broken arm syndrome may also manifest as

1084: 508: 10542: 8428: 5704: 1856:

show higher levels of discrimination and harassment in school, workplace, healthcare services and the family when compared with

1121: 10586: 10409: 10326: 10184: 10121: 8966: 8115:"Guo Jia Yao Jian Ju Guan Yu Gui Fan Yao Pin Wang Luo Xiao Shou Bei An He Bao Gao Gong Zuo De Gong Gao (2022 Nian Di 112 Hao)" 768: 711: 586: 472: 9721:"Gender-affirming hormone therapy, mental health, and surgical considerations for aging transgender and gender diverse adults" 7052:"Delivering transgender-specific knowledge and skills into health and allied health studies and training: a systematic review" 6040:"Bias-motivated bullying and psychosocial problems: Implications for HIV risk behaviors among young men who have sex with men" 10591: 9601: 8767: 5253: 3855: 2056:

compounded by the relatively limited knowledge of transgender topics among psychiatrists and psychologists in South Africa.

10498: 7261: 6931:"Lived experiences of transgender forced migrants and their mental health outcomes: systematic review and meta-ethnography" 5076:

Rood, Brian A.; Reisner, Sari L.; Surace, Francisco I.; Puckett, Jae A.; Maroney, Meredith R.; Pantalone, David W. (2016).

2212: 857: 653: 8495: 7305: 10897: 10641: 10271: 10226: 9451: 8406: 7374: 7325:

Paradiso, Catherine; Arca-Contreras, Karen; Brillhart, Susan J.; Macchiarola, Jennifer; Curcio, Danna L. (29 July 2022).

3734:"A systematic review of psychosocial functioning changes after gender-affirming hormone therapy among transgender people" 3671:

Newfield, Emily; Hart, Stacey; Dibble, Suzanne; Kohler, Lori (2006-06-07). "Female-to-male transgender quality of life".

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recommendation is to consult a team of providers in diverse specialties on how to proceed with the detransition process.

1364: 608: 8468: 6706:"Expecting Rejection: Understanding the Minority Stress Experiences of Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Individuals" 5510:"A Gender Not Listed Here: Genderqueers, Gender Rebels, and OtherWise in the National Transgender Discrimination Survey" 5373:"Intimate Partner Violence in Transgender Populations: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prevalence and Correlates" 5078:"Expecting Rejection: Understanding the Minority Stress Experiences of Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Individuals" 4301:"Systematic review of prospective adult mental health outcomes following affirmative interventions for gender dysphoria" 1665:. As hormone replacement therapy, gender-affirming surgery is also employed as a response to diagnosis gender dysphoria 10658: 10468: 10331: 10261: 10126: 9528: 9505: 9349:"The Impact of Discrimination on the Mental Health of Trans*Female Youth and the Protective Effect of Parental Support" 8775: 5993:"Sexual risk as an outcome of social oppression: Data from a probability sample of Latino gay men in three U.S. cities" 5879:"Gender Minority Social Stress in Adolescence: Disparities in Adolescent Bullying and Substance Use by Gender Identity" 2451: 1155: 827: 696: 691: 455: 11046: 10845: 10815: 10663: 8513: 5797: 4807:

Baral, Stefan D; Poteat, Tonia; Strömdahl, Susanne; Wirtz, Andrea L; Guadamuz, Thomas E; Beyrer, Chris (March 2013).

2839: 2521: 2253: 2185: 1612:

levels in transgender men, are crucial for the preventive health care of transgender people taking these treatments.

1317: 1052: 1022: 882: 8797: 8177:

Esteva de Antonio, Isabel; Gómez-Gil, Esther (December 2013). "Coordination of healthcare for transsexual persons".

7225:"Guidelines for the Primary and Gender-Affirming Care of Transgender and Gender Nonbinary People | Transgender Care" 6929:

Hermaszewska, Susannah; Sweeney, Angela; Camminga, B.; Botelle, Riley; Elliott, Kate; Sin, Jacqueline (2022-05-10).

6424:"Families Matter: Social Support and Mental Health Trajectories Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Youth" 6093:

Fekkes, Minne; Pijpers, Frans I.M.; Fredriks, A. Miranda; Vogels, Ton; Verloove-Vanhorick, S. Pauline (2006-05-01).

10549: 10368: 10353: 10049: 9787: 2403: 1930: 1471:. ICD-11 states that "Gender variant behaviour and preferences alone are not a basis for assigning the diagnosis." 1128: 1116: 1099: 970: 728: 340: 8998: 1955:

Clinicians may improperly connect transgender people's symptoms to their gender transition, a phenomenon known as

11008: 10710: 10691: 10686: 10668: 10559: 10064: 8820: 1658: 1398:(ICD) until 2018. Gender dysphoria was also listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( 1037: 1030: 911: 899: 894: 733: 83: 10216: 7653: 6986:

Dubin, Samuel N.; Nolan, Ian T.; Streed, Carl G.; Greene, Richard E.; Radix, Asa E.; Morrison, Shane D. (2018).

2954: 525: 10882: 10581: 10414: 10289: 9658:

Reygan, Finn; Henderson, Neil (2019-03-21). "All Bad? Experiences of Aging Among LGBT Elders in South Africa".

9274:"Multidisciplinary Care for Gender-Diverse Youth: A Narrative Review and Unique Model of Gender-Affirming Care" 7383: 2181:

individual pays for a doctor's appointment or other care represents only a small fraction of the actual costs.

1150: 1094: 938: 773: 658: 399: 8615: 7916:"Transgender issues in South Africa, with particular reference to the Groote Schuur Hospital Transgender Unit" 5728:

Earnshaw, Valerie A.; Bogart, Laura M.; Poteat, V. Paul; Reisner, Sari L.; Schuster, Mark A. (December 2016).

3920: 1788:

multiple important areas, including but not limited to, healthcare access, education, employment and housing.

11003: 10988: 10810: 10773: 10596: 10554: 10381: 10059: 9806: 8342:"Two Steps Forward, One Step Back: A Policy Analysis of the Swedish Guidelines for Trans-Specific Healthcare" 6655:

Bockting, Walter O.; Miner, Michael H.; Swinburne Romine, Rebecca E.; Hamilton, Autumn; Coleman, Eli (2013).

4068:

Marsh, Courtney; McCracken, Megan; Gray, Meredith; Nangia, Ajay; Gay, Judy; Roby, Katherine F. (2019-08-01).

2359: 2039: 1827:

transgender leaders from across the United States, bringing expertise in the research of transgender health.

1255: 1140: 1002: 955: 351: 73: 36: 10651: 9322: 4689: 948: 10744: 10739: 10576: 10564: 10363: 10037: 9178: 8447: 7436: 1727: 1310: 1145: 921: 916: 738: 321: 7326: 3624:"Endocrine Treatment of Transsexual People: A Review of Treatment Regimens, Outcomes, and Adverse Effects" 3148:

Latham, J.R. (2017). "Making and Treating Trans Problems The Ontological Politics of Clinical Practices".

10865: 10778: 10636: 10276: 10136: 9780: 7565:"Health Care Access and Utilization by Transgender Populations: A United States Transgender Survey Study" 4634: 2319: 2158: 1965: 1549: 1436: 1185: 1072: 933: 678: 480: 392: 9523: 9347:

Wilson, Erin C.; Chen, Yea-Hung; Arayasirikul, Sean; Raymond, H. Fisher; McFarland, Willi (2016-04-26).

7677:

Patel, Heli; Camacho, Justin M; Salehi, Neeku; Garakani, Romina; Friedman, Leigh; Reid, Chris M (2023).

7110:

van Heesewijk, Jason; Kent, Alex; van de Grift, Tim C.; Harleman, Alex; Muntinga, Maaike (August 2022).

6824:

Cicero, Ethan C.; Reisner, Sari L.; Silva, Susan G.; Merwin, Elizabeth I.; Humphreys, Janice C. (2019).

6631:"Suicide Thoughts and Attempts Among Transgender Adults: Findings from the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey" 4718:"The worldwide burden of HIV in transgender individuals: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis" 4552:"Long-Term Follow-Up of Transsexual Persons Undergoing Sex Reassignment Surgery: Cohort Study in Sweden" 4232: 10978: 10805: 10569: 10403: 10343: 10284: 10201: 10111: 10054: 9935: 6362:

Trujillo, Michael A.; Perrin, Paul B.; Sutter, Megan; Tabaac, Ariella; Benotsch, Eric G. (2017-01-02).

4622: 4618: 2211:. The activists demanded that their voices be heard regarding the way the country, healthcare, and the 1245: 997: 965: 960: 762: 716: 648: 498: 462: 346: 211: 8842: 5432:

https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/lesbian-gay-bisexual-and-transgender-health

5127:"Transgender Women's Experiences with Stigma, Trauma, and Attempted Suicide in the Dominican Republic" 4014: 1526:

If significant medical or mental health concerns are present, they must be reasonably well-controlled.

10798: 10309: 8669: 7469: 2370: 1801:

ensure that the current regulations and guidelines are aligned with the needs of LGBTQIA+ community.

1422:

standardize the scope and methodology related to data collection of those presenting as transgender.

1387: 990: 721: 426: 5666:"Transgender and anxiety: A comparative study between transgender people and the general population" 4667: 4627:"Report of the American Psychiatric Association Task Force on Treatment of Gender Identity Disorder" 3685: 1751:

Transgender people are infected by HIV at disproportionately high rates worldwide. According to the

10194: 10071: 3514: 2429: 1654: 1648: 1444: 581: 553: 369: 7445: 5443:

Anastas, J.W. (2013). "Policy, practice, and people: Current issues affecting clinical practice".

3478: 10348: 9832: 8143:"Guo Jia Yao Jian Ju Fa Bu Wang Luo Jin Shou Yao Pin Qing Dan: Bao Kuo Yi Miao, Zhu She Ji Deng" 6763:"Transgender peoples' experiences and perspectives about general healthcare: A systematic review" 5278: 4259:"Quality of Life After Gender Affirmation Surgery: a Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis" 2402:, with several states further restricting treatment for adults as well. In January 2024, several 108: 2373:

declassify transgender identity as a mental disorder, to reduce stigma against this population.

2199:

In Sweden, anyone is allowed to change their name at any time, including for gender transition.

10211: 8974: 7624:"WHO announces the development of a guideline on the health of trans and gender diverse people" 6826:"Health Care Experiences of Transgender Adults: An Integrated Mixed Research Literature Review" 5508:

Harrison, Jack; Grant, Jaime; Herman, Jody L. (2012-04-01). Dodge, David; Imse, Eliott (eds.).

5245: 4127:"Fertility Preservation Outcomes in Adolescent and Young Adult Feminizing Transgender Patients" 3680: 2398:

Starting in the early-2020s, as many as 13 U.S. states banned gender affirming health care for

1767: 1554: 1448: 706: 603: 307: 4492:"Regret after Gender-affirmation Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prevalence" 4338:"Sex reassignment: outcomes and predictors of treatment for adolescent and adult transsexuals" 3594: 1481:

The general standard for diagnosing, as well as treating, gender dysphoria is outlined in the

1340:

includes the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of physical and mental health conditions for

10963: 10793: 10358: 10161: 10093: 9179:"Ohio, Michigan Republicans In Released Audio: "Endgame" Is To Ban Trans Care "For Everyone"" 7427: 4380: 4182:

Nahata, Leena; Tishelman, Amy C.; Caltabellotta, Nicole M.; Quinn, Gwendolyn P. (July 2017).

2527:

Standards of Care for the Health of Transsexual, Transgender, and Gender Nonconforming People

2132:

was the first to approve sex reassignment procedures, including sex reassignment surgery and

2034: 1625: 1486:

Standards of Care for the Health of Transsexual, Transgender, and Gender Nonconforming People

1230: 625: 415: 6988:"Transgender health care: improving medical students' and residents' training and awareness" 6657:"Stigma, mental health, and resilience in an online sample of the US transgender population" 6038:

Li, Michael Jonathan; DiStefano, Anthony; Mouttapa, Michele; Gill, Jasmeet K. (2013-06-25).

5934:

Russell, Stephen T.; Sinclair, Katerina O.; Poteat, V. Paul; Koenig, Brian W. (March 2012).

4257:

Passos, Taciana Silveira; Teixeira, Marina Sá; Almeida-Santos, Marcos Antonio (2020-06-01).

2231: 11013: 10231: 10189: 10154: 10131: 9839: 9404:

Chew, Denise; Anderson, Jemma; Williams, Katrina; May, Tamara; Pang, Kenneth (2018-04-01).

5877:

Reisner, Sari L.; Greytak, Emily A.; Parsons, Jeffrey T.; Ybarra, Michele L. (2014-04-17).

5607: 4729: 4563: 2464: 1829:

Guidelines for Primary and Gender-Affirming Care of Transgender and Gender Nonbinary People

1711: 1300: 598: 548: 538: 115: 9551: 8253:"Organization of healthcare for transsexual persons in the Spanish national health system" 7679:"Journeying Through the Hurdles of Gender-Affirming Care Insurance: A Literature Analysis" 7169:"Factors Associated with Experiences of Gender-Affirming Health Care: A Systematic Review" 6336: 6319: 8: 10943: 10529: 10488: 10321: 8075: 8018:

Gooren, Louis J.; Sungkaew, Tanapong; Giltay, Erik J.; Guadamuz, Thomas E. (2015-01-02).

7423:"How Should Physicians Refer When Referral Options Are Limited for Transgender Patients?" 2281: 2100: 2084: 2030: 1703: 1468: 1210: 1109: 847: 618: 78: 9753: 9720: 9473: 9446: 7772: 7737: 7713: 7678: 7084: 7051: 4733: 4567: 4030: 3766: 3733: 3337: 11025: 10983: 10678: 10628: 10103: 9855: 9701: 9640: 9486: 9381: 9348: 9298: 9273: 9246: 9213: 9059: 9026: 9003: 8597: 8363: 8202: 8190: 8052: 8019: 7992: 7967: 7893: 7829: 7804: 7785: 7597: 7564: 7403: 7350: 7201: 7168: 7144: 7111: 7022: 6987: 6963: 6930: 6858: 6825: 6793: 6738: 6705: 6681: 6656: 6606: 6573: 6505: 6480: 6456: 6423: 6396: 6363: 6297: 6242: 6182: 6130: 6075: 5968: 5911: 5854: 5819: 5754: 5729: 5696: 5643: 5460: 5405: 5372: 5353: 5219: 5162: 5102: 5077: 4891: 4858: 4760: 4717: 4659: 4586: 4551: 4516: 4425: 4368: 4164: 4102: 4050: 3995: 3897: 3872: 3823: 3790: 3714: 3619: 3571: 3544: 3462:"Informed Consent in the Medical Care of Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Patients" 3388: 3363: 3319: 3261: 3236: 3217: 3165: 3125: 3090: 3071: 3000: 2930: 2905: 2881: 2856: 2807: 2774: 2704: 2671: 2531: 2503: 2406:

legislators have expressed their desire to ban gender-affirming healthcare altogether.

2327: 1276: 1250: 131: 9602:"End-of-Life Preparations Among LGBT Older Canadian Adults: The Missing Conversations" 8692:"Health needs assessment of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and non-binary people" 7870: 7853: 7820: 7654:"Gaps in Health Care Access and Health Insurance Among LGBT Populations in California" 4874: 4824: 3848:

Transgender Care: Recommended Guidelines, Practical Information, and Personal Accounts

3364:"Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People, Version 8" 2672:"Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People, Version 8" 1864:

as a key health risk factor for the physical and mental health of transgender people.

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Bradford, Judith; Reisner, Sari L.; Honnold, Julie A.; Xavier, Jessica (2012-11-15).

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Wilson, D.; Marais, A.; de Villiers, A.; Addinall, R.; Campbell, M. M. (2014-06-01).

7897: 7885: 7834: 7789: 7777: 7759: 7718: 7700: 7602: 7584: 7450: 7395: 7354: 7206: 7188: 7149: 7131: 7089: 7071: 7027: 7009: 6968: 6950: 6911: 6903: 6863: 6845: 6797: 6785: 6743: 6725: 6686: 6611: 6593: 6510: 6461: 6443: 6439: 6401: 6383: 6341: 6289: 6281: 6234: 6226: 6187: 6169: 6122: 6114: 6067: 6059: 6020: 6012: 5973: 5955: 5916: 5898: 5859: 5841: 5793: 5759: 5700: 5688: 5647: 5635: 5627: 5585: 5577: 5573: 5494: 5464: 5410: 5392: 5345: 5337: 5298: 5259: 5249: 5211: 5203: 5154: 5146: 5107: 4896: 4878: 4836: 4828: 4809:"Worldwide burden of HIV in transgender women: a systematic review and meta-analysis" 4765: 4747: 4651: 4591: 4521: 4472: 4464: 4417: 4360: 4318: 4278: 4213: 4205: 4200: 4183: 4168: 4156: 4148: 4107: 4089: 4042: 4034: 3987: 3979: 3960:"Fertility preservation options for transgender and gender-nonconforming individuals" 3902: 3851: 3828: 3810: 3771: 3753: 3706: 3698: 3653: 3645: 3576: 3491: 3483: 3442: 3434: 3393: 3311: 3266: 3209: 3201: 3169: 3130: 3112: 3063: 2992: 2984: 2935: 2886: 2835: 2812: 2794: 2752: 2744: 2709: 2691: 2435: 2399: 2257: 2188:

they will have to seek permission from the National Board of Health and Welfare. For

2088: 1559: 1349: 816: 810: 271: 136: 102: 9705: 9644: 8206: 7407: 6246: 6134: 6079: 5223: 5166: 4663: 4429: 4054: 3999: 3718: 3323: 3221: 3075: 3004: 2955:"The DSM Diagnostic Criteria for Gender Identity Disorder in Adolescents and Adults" 2516: 10316: 10032: 9748: 9732: 9675: 9667: 9616: 9468: 9460: 9417: 9376: 9360: 9293: 9285: 9241: 9225: 9054: 9038: 8581: 8353: 8264: 8186: 8047: 8031: 7987: 7979: 7927: 7875: 7865: 7824: 7816: 7767: 7749: 7708: 7690: 7592: 7576: 7542: 7440: 7387: 7342: 7265: 7196: 7180: 7139: 7123: 7079: 7063: 7017: 6999: 6958: 6942: 6895: 6853: 6837: 6777: 6733: 6717: 6676: 6668: 6601: 6585: 6500: 6492: 6451: 6435: 6391: 6375: 6331: 6301: 6273: 6218: 6177: 6161: 6106: 6051: 6004: 5963: 5947: 5906: 5890: 5849: 5831: 5785: 5749: 5741: 5680: 5619: 5569: 5490: 5452: 5400: 5384: 5357: 5329: 5290: 5193: 5138: 5097: 5089: 4886: 4870: 4820: 4755: 4737: 4643: 4581: 4571: 4511: 4503: 4456: 4409: 4372: 4352: 4308: 4270: 4195: 4138: 4097: 4081: 4026: 4013:

Light, Alexis; Wang, Lin-Fan; Zeymo, Alexander; Gomez-Lobo, Veronica (2018-10-01).

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is a strong recommendation to ensure the safety of individuals as they transition.

1496: 1492: 1391: 668: 314: 7754: 7470:"'Trans Broken Arm Syndrome' and the way our healthcare system fails trans people" 6899: 6781: 6379: 6039: 5878: 5684: 5623: 4313: 4300: 3806: 3429: 3413:"Gatekeeping hormone replacement therapy for transgender patients is dehumanising" 3379: 3161: 3088: 2687: 1848:

that transgender people experience result in unique adverse effects on bodily and

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therapy efficacy among gender variant adults desiring to use hormonal treatments.

4576: 4507: 4460: 3975: 3307: 3237:"Prevalence of Transgender Depends on the "Case" Definition: A Systematic Review" 2740: 2489: 2204: 2137: 1912: 1849: 1771: 1662: 1543: 1190: 864: 832: 822: 359: 141: 95: 8742:"Local access to healthcare for transgender patients lacking, one advocate says" 8400: 8250: 5992: 4808: 4716:

Stutterheim, Sarah E.; van Dijk, Mart; Wang, Haoyi; Jonas, Kai J. (2021-12-01).

4337: 3059: 2235:

A sign at a rally calling for equal access to health care for transgender people

1604:

Monitoring of risk factors associated with hormone replacement therapy, such as

10953: 10429: 10424: 9406:"Hormonal Treatment in Young People With Gender Dysphoria: A Systematic Review" 8942:"Transgender People in Mexico City Resort to Dangerous Unsupervised Procedures" 8541: 8358: 8341: 7489:

Goldberg, Abbie E.; Beemyn, Genny, eds. (2021). "Health Care, Discrimination".

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Dhejne, Cecilia; Vlerken, Roy Van; Heylens, Gunter; Arcelus, Jon (2016-01-02).

5294: 4274: 4085: 3888: 3749: 3252: 2335: 2323: 2193: 1220: 788: 783: 330: 9736: 9364: 9229: 6150:"Weight- and race-based bullying: Health associations among urban adolescents" 6149: 5935: 5777: 5745: 5456: 5263: 5198: 5181: 5126: 5029:"Center of Excellence for Transgender Health | Division of Prevention Science" 4980: 4956: 4647: 4413: 4356: 3694: 3197: 2970: 11040: 10510: 10493: 10478: 10439: 10221: 10149: 9850: 9744: 9689: 9671: 9628: 9620: 9372: 9237: 9152:"Missouri AG issues emergency order restricting gender-affirming health care" 9050: 9042: 8593: 8278: 8237: 8043: 7941: 7763: 7704: 7588: 7474: 7270: 7249: 7192: 7135: 7075: 7013: 6954: 6907: 6849: 6789: 6729: 6672: 6597: 6447: 6387: 6285: 6230: 6173: 6165: 6118: 6063: 6016: 5959: 5951: 5902: 5845: 5789: 5692: 5631: 5581: 5478: 5396: 5388: 5341: 5207: 5150: 4882: 4859:"Transgender populations and HIV: unique risks, challenges and opportunities" 4832: 4751: 4610: 4468: 4322: 4299:

Shelemy, Lucas; Cotton, Sue; Crane, Catherine; Knight, Matthew (2024-04-03).

4282: 4258: 4209: 4152: 4093: 4069: 4038: 3983: 3814: 3757: 3702: 3649: 3595:"Overview of masculinizing hormone therapy | Gender Affirming Health Program" 3487: 3438: 3315: 3235:

Collin, Lindsay; Reisner, Sari L.; Tangpricha, Vin; Goodman, Michael (2016).

3205: 3116: 2988: 2798: 2748: 2695: 2311: 2170: 2026: 1960: 1880: 1583: 869: 852: 837: 798: 591: 533: 126: 9894: 6261: 6206: 6094: 4783: 4445:"Long-term Outcomes After Gender-Affirming Surgery: 40-Year Follow-up Study" 4444: 3959: 3945: 3561: 170: 10445: 10206: 10116: 10001: 9884: 9762: 9697: 9636: 9482: 9431: 9422: 9405: 9390: 9307: 9289: 9255: 9068: 8999:"W.H.O. Weighs Dropping Transgender Identity From List of Mental Disorders" 8286: 8198: 8061: 8001: 7949: 7889: 7838: 7781: 7722: 7606: 7580: 7514: 7454: 7399: 7290: 7210: 7184: 7153: 7093: 7031: 6972: 6915: 6883: 6867: 6747: 6721: 6690: 6615: 6589: 6514: 6465: 6422:

McConnell, Elizabeth A.; Birkett, Michelle; Mustanski, Brian (2016-12-01).

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Zucker, Kenneth J.; Lawrence, Anne A.; Kreukels, Baudewijntje P.C. (2016).

6293: 6277: 6238: 6222: 6191: 6126: 6110: 6071: 6024: 5977: 5920: 5863: 5836: 5763: 5639: 5589: 5509: 5414: 5349: 5317: 5302: 5215: 5158: 5111: 5093: 4900: 4840: 4769: 4655: 4595: 4525: 4476: 4421: 4364: 4217: 4160: 4143: 4126: 4111: 4046: 3991: 3906: 3832: 3775: 3710: 3657: 3640: 3623: 3580: 3495: 3446: 3397: 3270: 3213: 3134: 3107: 3067: 2996: 2939: 2890: 2816: 2790: 2756: 2713: 2511: 2269: 2112: 2108: 1853: 1723: 1685: 1681: 1609: 1288: 804: 467: 409: 277: 160: 9969: 9464: 9214:"Sex Work Among Men Who Have Sex with Men and Transgender Women in Bogotá" 7391: 7324: 6207:"Association Between Bullying and Psychosomatic Problems: A Meta-analysis" 5426: 5424: 5333: 5028: 4336:

Smith, YL; Van Goozen, SH; Kuiper, AJ; Cohen-Kettenis, PT (January 2005).

3515:"Overview of feminizing hormone therapy | Gender Affirming Health Program" 1402:) of the American Psychiatric Association, where it was previously called 245: 10299: 10171: 10009: 9990: 9964: 9920: 9901: 9803: 9576: 9447:"Psychosocial Functioning in Transgender Youth after 2 Years of Hormones" 8922:"Alberta to require parental consent for name, pronoun changes at school" 8085:

2017 Zhong Guo Kua Xing Bie Qun Ti Sheng Cun Xian Zhuang Diao Cha Bao Gao

7983: 7695: 7250:"How can surgeons help transgender patients and colleagues feel welcome?" 7004: 6761:

Heng, Audrey; Heal, Clare; Banks, Jennifer; Preston, Robyn (2018-10-02).

6481:"Mental Health and Self-Worth in Socially Transitioned Transgender Youth" 6479:

Durwood, Lily; McLaughlin, Katie A.; Olson, Kristina R. (February 2017).

4932: 4614: 2303: 2216: 1986: 1978: 1861: 1845: 1403: 1341: 673: 571: 285: 266: 240: 196: 177: 44: 8643:. National Gender Identity Clinical Network for Scotland. Archived from 8109: 7854:"Queering global health: an urgent call for LGBT+ affirmative practices" 7510:"'GPs fob us off': most trans people avoid the doctor when they're sick" 7224: 6946: 5052: 1520:

Capacity to make a fully informed decision and to consent for treatment;

1435:

Various options are available for transgender people to pursue physical

10434: 9940: 9925: 7880: 7736:

Arnull, Liam Gary; Kapilashrami, Anuj; Sampson, Margaret (2021-11-30).

6147: 5421: 5142: 3412: 2348: 2277: 2189: 2133: 793: 216: 201: 9680: 7932: 7915: 7369: 3044: 2979: 2921: 2872: 2775:"Gender Dysphoria in Adults: An Overview and Primer for Psychiatrists" 1808: 11020: 10853: 10419: 9959: 9914: 9879: 9845: 9772: 8868: 8865:"Canada's health care doesn't meet the needs of transgender patients" 7805:"Global health burden and needs of transgender populations: a review" 7538: 7109: 6654: 6535:"Suicide Attempts among Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming Adults" 5778:"School Experiences of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Youth" 4070:"Low total motile sperm in transgender women seeking hormone therapy" 2497: 2208: 2129: 2104: 1857: 1821: 1605: 1271: 1060: 778: 235: 190: 155: 121: 10266: 8093:

2017 Survey Report on Survival Status of Transgender Groups in China

8074: 6629:

Herman, Jody L.; Brown, Taylor N.T.; Haas, Ann P. (September 2019).

6572:

Toomey, Russell B.; Syvertsen, Amy K.; Shramko, Maura (2018-10-01).

6485:

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

2625:"To protect gender-affirming care, we must learn from trans history" 2252:

A 2013 survey of gender identity clinic services provided by the UK

10958: 9975: 9952: 8745: 7338: 7310: 4914: 4335: 3292: 2355: 2315: 2220: 1698:

Gender-affirming surgery § Quality of life and physical health

1225: 251: 228: 8967:"Report on Human Rights Conditions of Transgender Women in Mexico" 8493: 6928: 2310:

All Canadian provinces fund some sex reassignment surgeries, with

9982: 9908: 9873: 8821:"Arson at Montreal clinic concerns trans people awaiting surgery" 4181: 3732:

Doyle, David Matthew; Lewis, Tom O. G.; Barreto, Manuela (2023).

3095:

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

2331: 2299: 2070: 1731: 1715: 1707: 258: 184: 149: 9504:

Catharina van der Loos, Maria Anna Theodora (October 20, 2022).

8327:"Tvångssterilisering vid könskorrigering blir äntligen olagligt" 5608:"Mental health and gender dysphoria: A review of the literature" 5005:"Advocacy - GLMA: Health Professionals Advancing LGBTQ Equality" 5004: 4549: 4399: 4184:"Low Fertility Preservation Utilization Among Transgender Youth" 3182: 1505: 10948: 9946: 9718: 8401:

Lundströmmottagningen, Västra Götalandsregionen. (2016-11-28).

7913: 6884:"Mental health in transgender individuals: a systematic review" 5936:"Adolescent Health and Harassment Based on Discriminatory Bias" 3460:

Lambert, Cei; Hopwood, Ruben; Cavanaugh, Timothy (2016-11-01).

2184:

If a person would like to change their legal gender marker and

1464: 1410: 1215: 222: 9122:"Trans patients being dropped as Florida law bans "Up To 80%"" 6262:"Bullied Children and Psychosomatic Problems: A Meta-analysis" 5730:"Bullying Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Youth" 4857:

Wansom, Tanyaporn; Guadamuz, Thomas E; Vasan, Sandhya (2016).

4784:"Transgender health and HIV | Gender Affirming Health Program" 3234: 1544:

Hormone replacement therapy (gender-affirming hormone therapy)

1380: 9889: 9552:"World's largest psych association supports trans youth care" 9346: 9271: 9093:"Bans on Transition Care for Young People Spread Across U.S." 5820:"Peer Victimization in Fifth Grade and Health in Tenth Grade" 4489: 2953:

Cohen-Kettenis, Peggy T.; Pfäfflin, Friedemann (2009-10-17).

2537:

European Network for the Investigation of Gender Incongruence

1482: 1451:

is recommended for transgender people who are transitioning.

1414:

incongruence" is not always clear in the medical literature.

1399: 1344:

individuals. A major component of transgender health care is

165: 9024: 8017: 7966:

Gooren, Louis J; Sungkaew, Tanapong; Giltay, Erik J (2013).

7287:

Understanding Trans Health: Discourse, Power and Possibility

5370: 4715: 4256: 3788: 1959:. Trans broken arm syndrome is particularly prevalent among 1916:

self-harm, drug usage, and suicidal ideations and attempts.

10968: 9930: 9599: 9211: 8898: 8891:"Publicly Funded Transition-related Medical Care in Canada" 8843:"Ontario expands referrals for gender reassignment surgery" 8570: 7852:

Pillay, Suntosh R; Ntetmen, Joachim M; Nel, Juan A (2022).

7370:"Sex Categorization in Medical Contexts: A Cautionary Tale" 7327:"Integration of transgender health: A multi-modal approach" 6880: 6092: 5933: 5876: 5817: 5727: 5605: 5559: 5532:"What Does Transgender Mean? | Gender Identification Facts" 1418:

for transgender people at the individual and social level.

1235: 206: 8798:"New Brunswick will now cover gender-confirming surgeries" 8717:"Health Care Needs Assessment of Gender Identity Services" 8176: 8172: 8170: 8168: 8166: 7802: 7676: 7116:

Advances in Health Sciences Education: Theory and Practice

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LGBTQ Public Policy Journal at the Harvard Kennedy School

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Grossman, Arnold H.; D'augelli, Anthony R. (2006-09-25).

4806: 2903: 2854: 2383:

Transgender rights in the United States § Healthcare

1425: 1377:

care and an increase in transgender healthcare advocacy.

1240: 9660:

The International Journal of Aging and Human Development

9609:

The International Journal of Aging and Human Development

8219: 7254:

The Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England

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Richard Ekman and Johannes Kardell (21 November 2016).

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Haas, Ann; Rodgers, Philip; Herman, Jody (2017-10-08).

6037: 4608: 3459: 3361: 3091:"Gender Identity: The Human Right of Depathologization" 3021: 2772: 2668: 2581:"Gender incongruence and transgender health in the ICD" 2006:

this community to receive care while feeling accepted.

1777: 10195:

Gender-critical or trans-exclusionary radical feminism

9503: 8426: 8179:

Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity

7368:

Freeman, Lauren; Lopéz, Saray Ayala (September 2018).

7105: 7103: 6985: 6888:

International Review of Psychiatry (Abingdon, England)

6571: 6478: 6317: 3628:

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

2952: 2726: 1702:

Untreated transgender people experience high rates of

5991:

Díaz, Rafael M.; Ayala, George; Bein, Edward (2004).

5315: 4602: 4442: 3877:

Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology

3509: 3507: 3505: 1753:

U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

1670:

World Professional Association for Transgender Health

1476:

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

9725:

Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism

7965: 7248:

Ashman, A; Folkers, R; Burns, P. (19 October 2023).

7167:

Howell, Jamie D.; Maguire, Rebecca (February 2023).

6760: 2479: 2240:

prescribed from age 12 when puberty usually starts.

1766:

For transgender patients being treated for HIV with

8772:

Stigma and Resilience Among Vulnerable Youth Centre

8396: 8394: 7647: 7645: 7643: 7306:"Feature: The dangers of trans broken arm syndrome" 7100: 5507: 5242:

Queering Paradigms VII: Contested Bodies and Spaces

4856: 4711: 4709: 3617: 2623:Caraballo, Alejandra; Delaware, Mary (2023-06-21). 1809:

GLMA: Health Professionals Advancing LGBTQ Equality

7421:Dietz, Elizabeth; Halem, Jessica (November 2016). 7247: 3502: 1822:Center of Excellence for Transgender Health (UCSF) 9323:"An Insight into the Life of a Transgender Child" 8857: 8542:"Transgender people face NHS waiting list 'hell'" 7618: 7616: 7563:Kachen, Axenya; Pharr, Jennifer R. (2020-09-02). 6532: 6417: 6415: 5997:Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology 5782:Gay, Lesbian, and Transgender Issues in Education 5283:Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care 3731: 2622: 2115:used in transgender hormone replacement therapy. 1502:Local standards of care exist in many countries. 11038: 9899: 9207: 9205: 9203: 8391: 8324: 7851: 7640: 6357: 6355: 5555: 5553: 5551: 4706: 3871:Weinand, Jamie D.; Safer, Joshua D. (Feb 2015). 3538: 3536: 3534: 2829: 2618: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2610: 2608: 2606: 2604: 2602: 2600: 1911:Several studies have shown the relation between 175: 9657: 8935: 8933: 8931: 8818: 8795: 8566: 8564: 8562: 8496:"Transaktivister har ockuperat Socialstyrelsen" 8013: 8011: 7961: 7959: 7909: 7907: 7558: 7556: 6628: 6260:Gini, Gianluca; Pozzoli, Tiziana (2013-10-01). 6205:Gini, Gianluca; Pozzoli, Tiziana (2009-03-01). 5235: 5233: 4937:Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA 4294: 4292: 3288: 3286: 3284: 3282: 3280: 3184:Due to Their Gender Identity Since Childhood". 2664: 2458: 8939: 7613: 7488: 6819: 6817: 6815: 6813: 6811: 6809: 6807: 6567: 6565: 6412: 6313: 6311: 5659: 5657: 5601: 5599: 4852: 4850: 3964:Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology 3016: 3014: 2662: 2660: 2658: 2656: 2654: 2652: 2650: 2648: 2646: 2644: 9788: 9267: 9265: 9200: 8339: 7446:10.1001/journalofethics.2016.18.11.ecas1-1611 7166: 7045: 7043: 7041: 6352: 5990: 5548: 4642:(4): 759–796 (pages cited as pages at link). 4074:Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics 3921:"A guide to hormone therapy for trans people" 3531: 3479:10.1001/journalofethics.2016.18.11.sect1-1611 2597: 2169:), the person will need to be diagnosed with 1517:Persistent, well-documented gender dysphoria; 1506:Eligibility for different stages of treatment 1318: 8990: 8959: 8928: 8835: 8812: 8789: 8734: 8559: 8008: 7956: 7904: 7553: 7367: 6528: 6526: 6524: 5230: 4385:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2024 ( 4289: 3870: 3357: 3355: 3353: 3351: 3277: 2768: 2766: 1746: 8996: 8760: 7742:International Journal of Transgender Health 7651: 7562: 6804: 6562: 6308: 6259: 6204: 5654: 5596: 4847: 4305:International Journal of Transgender Health 3368:International Journal of Transgender Health 3011: 2676:International Journal of Transgender Health 2641: 2010:Insurances Covering Gender Affirmative Care 1642: 1381:Medical characterization of gender variance 9795: 9781: 9438: 9262: 8768:"Canadian Transgender Youth Health Survey" 7467: 7420: 7056:European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 7038: 6992:Advances in Medical Education and Practice 3545:"Hormone therapy for transgender patients" 2573: 2565: 2563: 2561: 2559: 1619: 1325: 1311: 9752: 9679: 9472: 9421: 9380: 9297: 9245: 9058: 8914: 8670:"Supporting NHS gender identity services" 8357: 8268: 8051: 7991: 7931: 7879: 7869: 7828: 7771: 7753: 7712: 7694: 7596: 7444: 7269: 7200: 7143: 7083: 7049: 7021: 7003: 6962: 6857: 6737: 6680: 6605: 6574:"Transgender Adolescent Suicide Behavior" 6521: 6504: 6455: 6395: 6335: 6181: 5967: 5910: 5853: 5835: 5784:, Routledge, pp. 77–90, 2013-01-11, 5753: 5404: 5276: 5197: 5101: 4890: 4759: 4741: 4585: 4575: 4515: 4312: 4199: 4142: 4101: 3946:https://www.fda.gov/media/159663/download 3896: 3822: 3765: 3684: 3639: 3570: 3560: 3477: 3428: 3387: 3348: 3260: 3124: 3106: 2978: 2929: 2880: 2806: 2763: 2703: 2543:Study of Transition, Outcomes, and Gender 2111:, which are the most common hormones and 1979:discrimination against transgender people 1977:, trans broken arm syndrome is a form of 1782: 1531:therapy based on informed consent alone. 9581:National Center for Transgender Equality 8111:National Medical Products Administration 4690:"Fast Facts: HIV and Transgender People" 2423: 2230: 2097:National Medical Products Administration 1553: 1534: 1461:International Classification of Diseases 1430: 1396:International Classification of Diseases 1363: 8672:. Scottish Government. 20 December 2021 6770:International Journal of Transgenderism 6472: 6368:International Journal of Transgenderism 5673:International Journal of Transgenderism 5442: 5239: 3957: 3296:International Journal of Transgenderism 3046:Investigation of Gender Incongruence". 2556: 1946: 1872:well-being, a poor sexual health, etc. 14: 11039: 10122:Legal recognition of non-binary gender 9802: 8301:"Forced Sterilisation of Trans People" 8117:国家药监局关于规范药品网络销售备案和报告工作的公告（2022年第112号） 7531:Counselling and Psychotherapy Research 7507: 7491:The SAGE Encyclopedia of Trans Studies 7303: 7284: 6622: 4393: 3845: 3795:Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters 3410: 3147: 1975:The SAGE Encyclopedia of Trans Studies 1426:Healthcare needs of transgender people 27:Health care of transgender individuals 9776: 9090: 8883: 8435: 8427:Ingemar Karlsson Gadea (2016-11-10). 8340:Linander, Ida; Lauri, Marcus (2021). 6337:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-021815-093034 5179: 5131:Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 3542: 1919: 1835:Issues affecting transgender patients 9176: 8940:Mayela Sánchez (December 18, 2016). 8441: 8346:Sexuality Research and Social Policy 7528: 7468:O'Hara, Mary Emily (6 August 2015). 7262:Royal College of Surgeons of England 6324:Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 4263:Sexuality Research and Social Policy 2354:for transgender Mexicans focuses on 2213:National Board of Health and Welfare 2040:Global North and Global South divide 1778:Advocacy for transgender health care 9452:The New England Journal of Medicine 9158:from the original on April 21, 2023 9091:Paris, Francesca (April 15, 2023). 8616:"Scottish Gender Identity Services" 8382:"God vård av vuxna med könsdysfori" 8318: 7375:Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 7050:Jecke, L.; Zepf, F. D. (May 2024). 5277:Stieglitz, Kimberly A. (May 2010). 4687: 4230: 4031:10.1016/j.contraception.2018.06.006 3549:Translational Andrology and Urology 360:Puberty-suppressing hormone therapy 24: 9529:American Psychological Association 9320: 8776:The University of British Columbia 8303:. RSFL. 2017-03-25. Archived from 8191:10.1097/01.med.0000436182.42966.31 5734:Pediatric Clinics of North America 5612:International Review of Psychiatry 4496:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 3543:Unger, Cécile A. (December 2016). 2830:von Krafft-Ebing, Richard (1894). 2452:American Psychological Association 1805:cases published on their website. 1737: 1406:" and "gender identity disorder". 25: 11058: 9132:from the original on May 20, 2023 9102:from the original on May 24, 2023 9031:American Journal of Public Health 7508:Vinter, Robyn (10 October 2021). 6661:American Journal of Public Health 5940:American Journal of Public Health 5377:American Journal of Public Health 3362:Coleman, E.; et al. (2022). 2522:Healthcare and the LGBT community 2436:transgender adolescents and youth 2243: 2095:On December 1, 2022, the Chinese 2078: 1661:of transgender people with their 11019: 9712: 9651: 9593: 9569: 9549: 9543: 9516: 9497: 9397: 9340: 9314: 9170: 9144: 9114: 9084: 9075: 9018: 8796:Daniel McHardie (June 3, 2016). 8722:. Scottish Public Health Network 8709: 8684: 8662: 8630: 8608: 8534: 8514:"LGBT In Britain – Trans Report" 8506: 8487: 8461: 8420: 8374: 8333: 8293: 8244: 8213: 8135: 8103: 8068: 7845: 7796: 7729: 7670: 7522: 7501: 7482: 7461: 7414: 7361: 7331:Teaching and Learning in Nursing 7318: 7297: 7278: 7241: 7217: 7160: 6830:ANS. Advances in Nursing Science 6440:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.07.026 5574:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.06.012 5495:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.10.175 5240:Scherer, Bee, ed. (2018-12-20). 4233:"Gender dysphoria – NHS Choices" 4201:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.12.012 4188:The Journal of Adolescent Health 2496: 2482: 2409: 2376: 2288: 2021: 1931:gender affirming hormone therapy 1887: 1691: 1659:secondary sexual characteristics 1608:levels in transgender women and 1295: 1294: 1282: 1270: 421:Assisted reproductive technology 9189:from the original on 2024-01-30 8819:Melissa Fundira (May 3, 2016). 8574:Sexual and Relationship Therapy 8325:Jessica Lundgren (2013-01-10). 8024:Culture, Health & Sexuality 6979: 6922: 6874: 6754: 6697: 6648: 6551:from the original on 2017-10-08 6253: 6198: 6141: 6086: 6031: 5984: 5927: 5870: 5811: 5770: 5721: 5524: 5501: 5471: 5436: 5364: 5309: 5270: 5173: 5118: 5069: 5045: 5021: 4997: 4973: 4949: 4925: 4907: 4800: 4776: 4681: 4543: 4483: 4436: 4329: 4250: 4224: 4175: 4118: 4061: 4006: 3958:Moravek, Molly B. (June 2019). 3951: 3938: 3913: 3864: 3839: 3782: 3725: 3664: 3611: 3587: 3453: 3411:Ashley, Florence (2019-07-01). 3404: 3330: 3228: 3176: 3150:Studies in Gender and Sexuality 3141: 3082: 3038: 2946: 2050: 1795: 10420:Cisgender / cissexual 10415:Childhood gender nonconformity 9177:Reed, Erin (27 January 2024). 7384:Johns Hopkins University Press 5180:Lagos, Danya (December 2018). 4933:"Transgender Law Center (TLC)" 4813:The Lancet Infectious Diseases 3241:The Journal of Sexual Medicine 2897: 2848: 2823: 2720: 2629:Harvard Public Health Magazine 2226: 2207:) premises in Rålambsvägen in 1562:before and after two years of 1454: 779:Cisgender / cissexual 774:Childhood gender nonconformity 400:Facial masculinization surgery 13: 1: 10989:Social construction of gender 8997:Pam Belluck (July 26, 2016). 7920:South African Medical Journal 7871:10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00001-8 7821:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00684-X 7755:10.1080/26895269.2021.1997691 7304:Payton, Naith (9 July 2015). 6900:10.1080/09540261.2022.2093629 6782:10.1080/15532739.2018.1502711 6380:10.1080/15532739.2016.1247405 5685:10.1080/15532739.2016.1258352 5624:10.3109/09540261.2015.1115753 4875:10.1016/S2055-6640(20)30475-1 4825:10.1016/s1473-3099(12)70315-8 4314:10.1080/26895269.2024.2333525 3807:10.1080/26410397.2022.2045066 3618:Moore, Eva; Wisniewski, Amy; 3430:10.1136/medethics-2018-105293 3380:10.1080/26895269.2022.2100644 3162:10.1080/15240657.2016.1238682 2688:10.1080/26895269.2022.2100644 2549: 2517:Transgender § Healthcare 2360:sexually transmitted diseases 1467:), the diagnosis is known as 1256:Social construction of gender 10469:Gender-sexuality questioning 8845:. CBS News. November 6, 2015 8586:10.1080/14681994.2013.834321 8270:10.1016/j.gaceta.2011.10.021 8036:10.1080/13691058.2014.950982 7547:10.1080/14733145.2013.838597 7437:American Medical Association 6842:10.1097/ANS.0000000000000256 6428:Journal of Adolescent Health 6320:"Gender Dysphoria in Adults" 6154:Journal of Health Psychology 6056:10.1080/09540121.2013.811210 5895:10.1080/00224499.2014.886321 5562:Journal of Adolescent Health 5483:Journal of Adolescent Health 5445:Clinical Social Work Journal 4863:Journal of Virus Eradication 4743:10.1371/journal.pone.0260063 4577:10.1371/journal.pone.0016885 4508:10.1097/GOX.0000000000003477 4461:10.1097/SAP.0000000000003233 3976:10.1097/GCO.0000000000000537 3308:10.1080/15532739.2011.700873 2741:10.3928/00904481-20140522-07 2459:For transgender older adults 2069:Transgender women, known as 1728:randomized controlled trials 1394:as a mental disorder in the 828:Gender-sexuality questioning 7: 9218:Archives of Sexual Behavior 8403:"Könsdysfori och Utredning" 5883:The Journal of Sex Research 4635:Archives of Sexual Behavior 4623:Meyer-Bahlburg, Heino F. L. 4402:Archives of Sexual Behavior 3850:. Temple University Press. 3186:Archives of Sexual Behavior 3060:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.02.016 2959:Archives of Sexual Behavior 2475: 2414: 2330:. And in January 2024, The 2320:facial feminization surgery 2263: 2159:hormone replacement therapy 2083:A 2017 report conducted by 2064: 2027:Global access to healthcare 1966:transgender hormone therapy 1839: 1564:hormone replacement therapy 1550:Transgender hormone therapy 1459:In the 11th version of the 1441:hormone replacement therapy 1368:Dr. Magnus Hirschfeld, 1919 393:Facial feminization surgery 10: 11063: 10404:Androphilia and gynephilia 10112:Gender self-identification 8359:10.1007/s13178-020-00459-5 7972:Asian Journal of Andrology 7652:thisisloyal.com, Loyal |. 7347:10.1016/j.teln.2022.06.001 7128:10.1007/s10459-022-10112-y 7068:10.1007/s00787-023-02195-8 6497:10.1016/j.jaac.2016.10.016 6009:10.1037/1099-9809.10.3.255 5295:10.1016/j.jana.2009.08.004 5244:. Oxford, United Kingdom: 4957:"The right to health care" 4275:10.1007/s13178-019-00394-0 4086:10.1007/s10815-019-01504-y 3889:10.1016/j.jcte.2015.02.003 3750:10.1038/s41562-023-01605-w 3253:10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.02.001 2427: 2380: 2275:Minister for Public Health 1695: 1646: 1623: 1547: 1355: 763:Androphilia and gynephilia 463:Gender self-identification 10999: 10934: 10910: 10677: 10627: 10528: 10521: 10391: 10252: 10180:Against non-binary people 10170: 10102: 10020: 9861:Non-binary or genderqueer 9813: 9737:10.1177/20420188231166494 9365:10.1007/s10461-016-1409-7 9230:10.1007/s10508-014-0260-z 8638:"Annual Report 2020/2021" 8145:国家药监局发布网络禁售药品清单：包括疫苗、注射剂等 7410:– via Project MUSE. 7264:: (epub ahead of print). 5746:10.1016/j.pcl.2016.07.004 5536:www.plannedparenthood.org 5457:10.1007/s10615-013-0454-1 5199:10.1007/s13524-018-0714-3 4648:10.1007/s10508-012-9975-x 4621:; Menvielle, Edgardo J.; 4449:Annals of Plastic Surgery 4414:10.1007/s10508-009-9551-1 4357:10.1017/S0033291704002776 3926:. August 2014. p. 10 3695:10.1007/s11136-006-0002-3 3417:Journal of Medical Ethics 3198:10.1007/s10508-018-1241-4 2971:10.1007/s10508-009-9562-y 2371:World Health Organization 2341: 2293: 2147: 2118: 2045: 1957:trans broken arm syndrome 1844:The heightened levels of 1747:HIV in transgender people 1388:World Health Organization 137:Non-binary or genderqueer 11047:Transgender and medicine 9672:10.1177/0091415019836929 9621:10.1177/0091415019836738 9043:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300796 8152:(in Chinese). 2022-11-30 8144: 8116: 8099:(in Chinese). Chapter 2. 8087: 7858:The Lancet Global Health 7271:10.1308/rcsbull.2023.126 6673:10.2105/ajph.2013.301241 6166:10.1177/1359105313502567 5952:10.2105/ajph.2011.300430 5790:10.4324/9780203462591-20 5389:10.2105/AJPH.2020.305774 5322:Journal of Homosexuality 3673:Quality of Life Research 2430:Suicide among LGBT youth 2358:and prevention of other 2186:personal identity number 2123: 1655:gender-affirming surgery 1649:Gender-affirming surgery 1643:Gender-affirming surgery 1445:gender-affirming surgery 1348:, the medical aspect of 582:Parental rights movement 491:Political office-holders 370:Gender-affirming surgery 18:Sex reassignment therapy 10305:Non-binary People's Day 10185:Against transgender men 9900: 9833:Bissu, Calabai, Calalai 4359:(inactive 2024-07-26). 3846:Israel, Gianna (2001). 3562:10.21037/tau.2016.09.04 2434:Transition options for 2298:A study of transgender 2254:National Health Service 2099:banned online sales of 2059: 1860:populations, situating 1620:Reproductive healthcare 1338:Transgender health care 176: 109:Bissu, Calabai, Calalai 11026:Transgender portal 10979:Sex–gender distinction 10446:Gender detransitioning 10262:Anatomical terminology 9423:10.1542/peds.2017-3742 9290:10.1089/trgh.2016.0009 8975:Transgender Law Center 8697:. Traci Leven Research 7581:10.1089/trgh.2020.0017 7185:10.1089/trgh.2021.0033 6722:10.1089/trgh.2016.0012 6590:10.1542/peds.2017-4218 6542:The Williams Institute 6278:10.1542/peds.2013-0614 6223:10.1542/peds.2008-1215 6111:10.1542/peds.2005-0187 5837:10.1542/peds.2013-3510 5094:10.1089/trgh.2016.0012 4919:Transgender Law Center 4345:Psychological Medicine 4144:10.1542/peds.2018-3943 3738:Nature Human Behaviour 3641:10.1210/jc.2002-021967 3108:10.3390/ijerph16060978 2791:10.1089/trgh.2017.0053 2450:In February 2024, the 2236: 2138:international patients 1783:Transgender Law Center 1768:antiretroviral therapy 1567: 1449:primary care physician 1369: 1277:Transgender portal 1246:Sex–gender distinction 805:Gender detransitioning 692:Anatomical terminology 10964:Queer heterosexuality 10484:Rapid-onset dysphoria 10162:Yogyakarta Principles 9731:: 20420188231166494. 9465:10.1056/NEJMoa2206297 7428:AMA Journal of Ethics 7392:10.1353/ken.2018.0017 7285:Pearce, Ruth (2018). 5334:10.1300/j082v51n01_06 3466:AMA Journal of Ethics 3048:Hormones and Behavior 2832:Psychopathia Sexualis 2424:For transgender youth 2346:A July 2016 study in 2234: 2161:, and top surgery to 1940:gender-affirming care 1626:Transgender pregnancy 1557: 1535:Eligibility of minors 1431:Gender-affirming care 1367: 1346:gender-affirming care 1231:Queer heterosexuality 843:Rapid-onset dysphoria 626:Yogyakarta Principles 10458:Gender transitioning 10410:Blanchard's typology 10332:fictional characters 10190:Anti-gender movement 10142:Rights organizations 8946:Global Press Journal 7984:10.1038/aja.2012.139 7696:10.7759/cureus.36849 7005:10.2147/AMEP.S147183 6636:. Williams Institute 4981:"Litigation Library" 3374:(Suppl 1): S1–S259. 2682:(Suppl 1): S1–S259. 2465:culturally sensitive 2280:has stated that the 2167:remove breast tissue 1947:Clinical environment 817:Gender transitioning 769:Blanchard's typology 697:Fictional characters 643:Events and awareness 549:Anti-gender movement 10944:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 10277:LGBTQ-related films 10254:Society and culture 9183:Erin in the Morning 8444:"Trans Health Care" 8442:RSFL (2015-11-27). 8088:2017中国跨性别群体生存现状调查报告 8076:Beijing LGBT Center 7293:. pp. 111–112. 6947:10.1192/bjo.2022.51 5318:"Transgender Youth" 5033:prevention.ucsf.edu 4734:2021PLoSO..1660063S 4568:2011PLoSO...616885D 2393:Affordable Care Act 2282:Scottish Government 2101:cyproterone acetate 2085:Beijing LGBT Center 1981:. A 2021 survey by 1469:gender incongruence 1211:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 756:Theory and concepts 638:Society and culture 619:Trans panic defense 10984:Sexual orientation 10290:Day of Remembrance 9278:Transgender Health 9154:. April 13, 2023. 9096:The New York Times 9004:The New York Times 8924:. 31 January 2024. 8871:. January 15, 2016 8748:. January 27, 2016 7815:(10042): 412–436. 7658:Williams Institute 7569:Transgender Health 7229:transcare.ucsf.edu 7173:Transgender Health 6710:Transgender Health 5143:10.1111/sltb.12400 5082:Transgender Health 5057:transcare.ucsf.edu 4788:transcare.ucsf.edu 4688:CDC (2024-05-16). 4617:; Eyler, A. Evan; 3599:transcare.ucsf.edu 3519:transcare.ucsf.edu 3342:www.psychiatry.org 2779:Transgender Health 2532:Transgender clinic 2504:Transgender portal 2328:laser hair removal 2237: 1920:Health experiences 1846:violence and abuse 1758:Following CDC and 1568: 1370: 1251:Sexual orientation 1090:Disenfranchisement 659:Day of Remembrance 560:trans-exclusionary 45:Transgender topics 11034: 11033: 10930: 10929: 10452:Gender expression 10295:Day of Visibility 9816:Gender identities 9359:(10): 2203–2211. 9353:AIDS and Behavior 9126:Los Angeles Blade 9037:(10): 1820–1829. 8080:Peking University 7933:10.7196/SAMJ.8392 6491:(2): 116–123.e2. 5255:978-1-78874-529-1 4611:Bradley, Susan J. 3857:978-1-56639-852-7 3472:(11): 1147–1155. 2922:10.1002/wps.20354 2873:10.1002/wps.20354 2400:transgender youth 2258:survivorship bias 2089:Peking University 1774:-related events. 1674:Standards of Care 1576:17-beta estradiol 1560:transgender woman 1350:gender transition 1335: 1334: 1181:elected officials 811:Gender expression 664:Day of Visibility 473:Non-binary gender 439:Standards of Care 96:Gender identities 16:(Redirected from 11054: 11024: 11023: 10901: 10768: 10734: 10705: 10655: 10573: 10546: 10526: 10525: 10460: 10448: 10406: 10327:Media portrayals 10255: 10033:Gender dysphoria 10026: 9905: 9817: 9797: 9790: 9783: 9774: 9773: 9767: 9766: 9756: 9716: 9710: 9709: 9683: 9655: 9649: 9648: 9606: 9597: 9591: 9590: 9588: 9587: 9573: 9567: 9566: 9564: 9562: 9556:www.advocate.com 9547: 9541: 9540: 9538: 9537: 9520: 9514: 9513: 9501: 9495: 9494: 9476: 9442: 9436: 9435: 9425: 9416:(4): e20173742. 9401: 9395: 9394: 9384: 9344: 9338: 9337: 9335: 9333: 9318: 9312: 9311: 9301: 9269: 9260: 9259: 9249: 9224:(8): 1637–1650. 9209: 9198: 9197: 9195: 9194: 9174: 9168: 9167: 9165: 9163: 9148: 9142: 9141: 9139: 9137: 9128:. May 11, 2023. 9118: 9112: 9111: 9109: 9107: 9088: 9082: 9079: 9073: 9072: 9062: 9022: 9016: 9015: 9013: 9011: 8994: 8988: 8987: 8985: 8983: 8971: 8963: 8957: 8956: 8954: 8952: 8937: 8926: 8925: 8918: 8912: 8911: 8909: 8907: 8895: 8887: 8881: 8880: 8878: 8876: 8861: 8855: 8854: 8852: 8850: 8839: 8833: 8832: 8830: 8828: 8816: 8810: 8809: 8807: 8805: 8793: 8787: 8786: 8784: 8782: 8764: 8758: 8757: 8755: 8753: 8738: 8732: 8731: 8729: 8727: 8721: 8713: 8707: 8706: 8704: 8702: 8696: 8688: 8682: 8681: 8679: 8677: 8666: 8660: 8659: 8657: 8655: 8650:on 30 April 2022 8649: 8642: 8634: 8628: 8627: 8625: 8623: 8618:. Scottish Trans 8612: 8606: 8605: 8568: 8557: 8556: 8554: 8553: 8538: 8532: 8531: 8529: 8527: 8518: 8510: 8504: 8503: 8491: 8485: 8484: 8482: 8480: 8465: 8459: 8458: 8456: 8455: 8446:. Archived from 8439: 8433: 8432: 8424: 8418: 8417: 8415: 8414: 8405:. Archived from 8398: 8389: 8388: 8386: 8378: 8372: 8371: 8361: 8337: 8331: 8330: 8322: 8316: 8315: 8313: 8312: 8297: 8291: 8290: 8272: 8257:Gaceta Sanitaria 8248: 8242: 8241: 8217: 8211: 8210: 8174: 8161: 8160: 8158: 8157: 8139: 8133: 8132: 8130: 8129: 8107: 8101: 8100: 8098: 8072: 8066: 8065: 8055: 8015: 8006: 8005: 7995: 7963: 7954: 7953: 7935: 7911: 7902: 7901: 7883: 7873: 7864:(4): e574–e578. 7849: 7843: 7842: 7832: 7800: 7794: 7793: 7775: 7757: 7733: 7727: 7726: 7716: 7698: 7674: 7668: 7667: 7665: 7664: 7649: 7638: 7637: 7635: 7634: 7620: 7611: 7610: 7600: 7560: 7551: 7550: 7526: 7520: 7519: 7505: 7499: 7498: 7486: 7480: 7479: 7465: 7459: 7458: 7448: 7418: 7412: 7411: 7365: 7359: 7358: 7322: 7316: 7315: 7301: 7295: 7294: 7282: 7276: 7275: 7273: 7245: 7239: 7238: 7236: 7235: 7221: 7215: 7214: 7204: 7164: 7158: 7157: 7147: 7107: 7098: 7097: 7087: 7062:(5): 1327–1354. 7047: 7036: 7035: 7025: 7007: 6983: 6977: 6976: 6966: 6926: 6920: 6919: 6894:(3–4): 292–359. 6878: 6872: 6871: 6861: 6821: 6802: 6801: 6767: 6758: 6752: 6751: 6741: 6701: 6695: 6694: 6684: 6652: 6646: 6645: 6643: 6641: 6635: 6626: 6620: 6619: 6609: 6584:(4): e20174218. 6569: 6560: 6559: 6557: 6556: 6550: 6539: 6530: 6519: 6518: 6508: 6476: 6470: 6469: 6459: 6419: 6410: 6409: 6399: 6359: 6350: 6349: 6339: 6315: 6306: 6305: 6257: 6251: 6250: 6217:(3): 1059–1065. 6202: 6196: 6195: 6185: 6145: 6139: 6138: 6105:(5): 1568–1574. 6090: 6084: 6083: 6035: 6029: 6028: 5988: 5982: 5981: 5971: 5931: 5925: 5924: 5914: 5874: 5868: 5867: 5857: 5839: 5815: 5809: 5808: 5807: 5806: 5774: 5768: 5767: 5757: 5725: 5719: 5718: 5716: 5715: 5709: 5703:. Archived from 5670: 5661: 5652: 5651: 5603: 5594: 5593: 5557: 5546: 5545: 5543: 5542: 5528: 5522: 5521: 5505: 5499: 5498: 5475: 5469: 5468: 5440: 5434: 5428: 5419: 5418: 5408: 5368: 5362: 5361: 5313: 5307: 5306: 5274: 5268: 5267: 5237: 5228: 5227: 5201: 5192:(6): 2097–2117. 5177: 5171: 5170: 5122: 5116: 5115: 5105: 5073: 5067: 5066: 5064: 5063: 5049: 5043: 5042: 5040: 5039: 5025: 5019: 5018: 5016: 5015: 5001: 4995: 4994: 4992: 4991: 4977: 4971: 4970: 4968: 4967: 4953: 4947: 4946: 4944: 4943: 4929: 4923: 4922: 4911: 4905: 4904: 4894: 4854: 4845: 4844: 4804: 4798: 4797: 4795: 4794: 4780: 4774: 4773: 4763: 4745: 4728:(12): e0260063. 4713: 4704: 4703: 4701: 4700: 4685: 4679: 4678: 4672: 4666:. Archived from 4631: 4606: 4600: 4599: 4589: 4579: 4547: 4541: 4540: 4538: 4537: 4528:. Archived from 4519: 4487: 4481: 4480: 4440: 4434: 4433: 4397: 4391: 4390: 4384: 4376: 4342: 4333: 4327: 4326: 4316: 4296: 4287: 4286: 4254: 4248: 4247: 4245: 4243: 4228: 4222: 4221: 4203: 4179: 4173: 4172: 4146: 4137:(3): e20183943. 4122: 4116: 4115: 4105: 4080:(8): 1639–1648. 4065: 4059: 4058: 4010: 4004: 4003: 3955: 3949: 3942: 3936: 3935: 3933: 3931: 3925: 3917: 3911: 3910: 3900: 3868: 3862: 3861: 3843: 3837: 3836: 3826: 3786: 3780: 3779: 3769: 3744:(8): 1320–1331. 3729: 3723: 3722: 3688: 3679:(9): 1447–1457. 3668: 3662: 3661: 3643: 3634:(8): 3467–3473. 3615: 3609: 3608: 3606: 3605: 3591: 3585: 3584: 3574: 3564: 3540: 3529: 3528: 3526: 3525: 3511: 3500: 3499: 3481: 3457: 3451: 3450: 3432: 3408: 3402: 3401: 3391: 3359: 3346: 3345: 3334: 3328: 3327: 3290: 3275: 3274: 3264: 3232: 3226: 3225: 3192:(8): 2363–2374. 3180: 3174: 3173: 3145: 3139: 3138: 3128: 3110: 3086: 3080: 3079: 3042: 3036: 3035: 3033: 3032: 3018: 3009: 3008: 2982: 2950: 2944: 2943: 2933: 2910:World Psychiatry 2901: 2895: 2894: 2884: 2861:World Psychiatry 2852: 2846: 2845: 2834:. Camion blanc. 2827: 2821: 2820: 2810: 2770: 2761: 2760: 2735:(6): e126–e131. 2729:Pediatric Annals 2724: 2718: 2717: 2707: 2666: 2639: 2638: 2636: 2635: 2620: 2595: 2594: 2592: 2591: 2577: 2571: 2567: 2506: 2501: 2500: 2492: 2487: 2486: 2485: 2175:gender dysphoria 1970:health insurance 1894:gender dysphoria 1678:informed consent 1657:is to align the 1497:gender dysphoria 1493:informed consent 1392:gender dysphoria 1327: 1320: 1313: 1298: 1297: 1289:LGBTQ portal 1287: 1286: 1285: 1275: 1274: 1125: 952: 819: 807: 765: 712:Media portrayals 565: 564: 563:radical feminism 561: 557: 509:Military service 441: 429: 412: 402: 395: 386: 379: 372: 362: 343: 333: 324: 317: 315:Gender dysphoria 310: 181: 65: 62: 59: 56: 53: 32: 31: 21: 11062: 11061: 11057: 11056: 11055: 11053: 11052: 11051: 11037: 11036: 11035: 11030: 11018: 10995: 10994: 10993: 10926: 10913: 10906: 10895: 10762: 10728: 10699: 10673: 10649: 10623: 10567: 10540: 10517: 10516: 10515: 10506:Transmedicalism 10474:Gender variance 10464:Gender identity 10456: 10444: 10402: 10393: 10387: 10253: 10248: 10166: 10137:Rights movement 10098: 10050:Hormone therapy 10045:Puberty blocker 10021: 10016: 10015: 10014: 9866:Gender fluidity 9815: 9809: 9801: 9771: 9770: 9717: 9713: 9656: 9652: 9604: 9598: 9594: 9585: 9583: 9575: 9574: 9570: 9560: 9558: 9548: 9544: 9535: 9533: 9532:. February 2024 9522: 9521: 9517: 9502: 9498: 9443: 9439: 9402: 9398: 9345: 9341: 9331: 9329: 9319: 9315: 9270: 9263: 9210: 9201: 9192: 9190: 9175: 9171: 9161: 9159: 9150: 9149: 9145: 9135: 9133: 9120: 9119: 9115: 9105: 9103: 9089: 9085: 9080: 9076: 9023: 9019: 9009: 9007: 8995: 8991: 8981: 8979: 8969: 8965: 8964: 8960: 8950: 8948: 8938: 8929: 8920: 8919: 8915: 8905: 8903: 8893: 8889: 8888: 8884: 8874: 8872: 8863: 8862: 8858: 8848: 8846: 8841: 8840: 8836: 8826: 8824: 8817: 8813: 8803: 8801: 8794: 8790: 8780: 8778: 8766: 8765: 8761: 8751: 8749: 8740: 8739: 8735: 8725: 8723: 8719: 8715: 8714: 8710: 8700: 8698: 8694: 8690: 8689: 8685: 8675: 8673: 8668: 8667: 8663: 8653: 8651: 8647: 8640: 8636: 8635: 8631: 8621: 8619: 8614: 8613: 8609: 8569: 8560: 8551: 8549: 8540: 8539: 8535: 8525: 8523: 8516: 8512: 8511: 8507: 8492: 8488: 8478: 8476: 8467: 8466: 8462: 8453: 8451: 8440: 8436: 8425: 8421: 8412: 8410: 8399: 8392: 8384: 8380: 8379: 8375: 8338: 8334: 8323: 8319: 8310: 8308: 8299: 8298: 8294: 8249: 8245: 8218: 8214: 8175: 8164: 8155: 8153: 8146: 8141: 8140: 8136: 8127: 8125: 8118: 8108: 8104: 8096: 8089: 8073: 8069: 8016: 8009: 7964: 7957: 7912: 7905: 7850: 7846: 7801: 7797: 7734: 7730: 7675: 7671: 7662: 7660: 7650: 7641: 7632: 7630: 7622: 7621: 7614: 7561: 7554: 7527: 7523: 7506: 7502: 7495:SAGE Publishing 7487: 7483: 7466: 7462: 7419: 7415: 7366: 7362: 7323: 7319: 7302: 7298: 7283: 7279: 7246: 7242: 7233: 7231: 7223: 7222: 7218: 7165: 7161: 7108: 7101: 7048: 7039: 6984: 6980: 6927: 6923: 6879: 6875: 6822: 6805: 6765: 6759: 6755: 6702: 6698: 6653: 6649: 6639: 6637: 6633: 6627: 6623: 6570: 6563: 6554: 6552: 6548: 6537: 6531: 6522: 6477: 6473: 6420: 6413: 6360: 6353: 6316: 6309: 6258: 6254: 6203: 6199: 6146: 6142: 6091: 6087: 6036: 6032: 5989: 5985: 5932: 5928: 5875: 5871: 5816: 5812: 5804: 5802: 5800: 5776: 5775: 5771: 5740:(6): 999–1010. 5726: 5722: 5713: 5711: 5707: 5668: 5662: 5655: 5604: 5597: 5558: 5549: 5540: 5538: 5530: 5529: 5525: 5506: 5502: 5476: 5472: 5441: 5437: 5429: 5422: 5369: 5365: 5314: 5310: 5275: 5271: 5256: 5238: 5231: 5178: 5174: 5123: 5119: 5074: 5070: 5061: 5059: 5051: 5050: 5046: 5037: 5035: 5027: 5026: 5022: 5013: 5011: 5003: 5002: 4998: 4989: 4987: 4979: 4978: 4974: 4965: 4963: 4955: 4954: 4950: 4941: 4939: 4931: 4930: 4926: 4913: 4912: 4908: 4855: 4848: 4805: 4801: 4792: 4790: 4782: 4781: 4777: 4714: 4707: 4698: 4696: 4686: 4682: 4673:on 2013-06-25. 4670: 4629: 4609:Byne, William; 4607: 4603: 4548: 4544: 4535: 4533: 4488: 4484: 4441: 4437: 4398: 4394: 4378: 4377: 4340: 4334: 4330: 4297: 4290: 4255: 4251: 4241: 4239: 4229: 4225: 4180: 4176: 4123: 4119: 4066: 4062: 4011: 4007: 3956: 3952: 3943: 3939: 3929: 3927: 3923: 3919: 3918: 3914: 3869: 3865: 3858: 3844: 3840: 3787: 3783: 3730: 3726: 3686:10.1.1.468.9106 3669: 3665: 3616: 3612: 3603: 3601: 3593: 3592: 3588: 3541: 3532: 3523: 3521: 3513: 3512: 3503: 3458: 3454: 3409: 3405: 3360: 3349: 3336: 3335: 3331: 3291: 3278: 3233: 3229: 3181: 3177: 3146: 3142: 3087: 3083: 3043: 3039: 3030: 3028: 3020: 3019: 3012: 2951: 2947: 2902: 2898: 2853: 2849: 2842: 2828: 2824: 2771: 2764: 2725: 2721: 2667: 2642: 2633: 2631: 2621: 2598: 2589: 2587: 2579: 2578: 2574: 2568: 2557: 2552: 2502: 2495: 2490:Medicine portal 2488: 2483: 2481: 2478: 2461: 2432: 2426: 2417: 2412: 2385: 2379: 2344: 2296: 2291: 2268:There are four 2266: 2246: 2229: 2205:Socialstyrelsen 2150: 2126: 2121: 2081: 2067: 2062: 2053: 2048: 2024: 1949: 1922: 1913:minority stress 1890: 1842: 1837: 1824: 1811: 1798: 1785: 1780: 1772:thromboembolism 1749: 1740: 1738:Detransitioning 1700: 1694: 1663:gender identity 1651: 1645: 1628: 1622: 1584:endocrinologist 1552: 1546: 1537: 1508: 1457: 1433: 1428: 1404:"transsexualism 1383: 1358: 1331: 1293: 1283: 1281: 1269: 1261: 1260: 1206: 1198: 1197: 1119: 1113: 1106: 946: 891: 885: 875: 874: 865:Transmedicalism 833:Gender variance 823:Gender identity 815: 803: 761: 757: 749: 748: 688: 683: 654:Beauty pageants 645: 639: 631: 630: 587:Transgender men 562: 559: 556:Gender-critical 555: 554: 545: 495: 481:Rights movement 477: 458: 447: 446: 437: 425: 408: 405: 398: 391: 382: 375: 368: 365: 358: 341:Hormone therapy 339: 336: 329: 320: 313: 306: 302: 291: 290: 142:Gender fluidity 98: 88: 63: 60: 57: 54: 51: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11060: 11050: 11049: 11032: 11031: 11029: 11028: 11016: 11011: 11006: 11000: 10997: 10996: 10992: 10991: 10986: 10981: 10976: 10971: 10966: 10961: 10956: 10954:Gender studies 10951: 10946: 10940: 10939: 10938: 10936: 10932: 10931: 10928: 10927: 10925: 10924: 10918: 10916: 10914:office-holders 10908: 10907: 10905: 10904: 10903: 10902: 10887: 10886: 10885: 10880: 10870: 10869: 10868: 10861:United Kingdom 10858: 10857: 10856: 10848: 10843: 10842: 10841: 10833: 10832: 10831: 10826: 10818: 10813: 10808: 10803: 10802: 10801: 10796: 10791: 10786: 10776: 10771: 10770: 10769: 10754: 10753: 10752: 10750:2016 bill C-16 10742: 10737: 10736: 10735: 10720: 10719: 10718: 10708: 10707: 10706: 10694: 10683: 10681: 10675: 10674: 10672: 10671: 10666: 10661: 10656: 10644: 10639: 10633: 10631: 10625: 10624: 10622: 10621: 10620: 10619: 10609: 10607:United Kingdom 10604: 10599: 10594: 10589: 10584: 10579: 10574: 10562: 10557: 10552: 10547: 10534: 10532: 10523: 10519: 10518: 10514: 10513: 10508: 10503: 10502: 10501: 10491: 10486: 10481: 10476: 10471: 10466: 10461: 10454: 10449: 10442: 10437: 10432: 10430:Cross-dressing 10427: 10425:Cisnormativity 10422: 10417: 10412: 10407: 10399: 10398: 10397: 10395: 10389: 10388: 10386: 10385: 10378: 10373: 10372: 10371: 10361: 10356: 10351: 10346: 10341: 10340: 10339: 10334: 10324: 10319: 10314: 10313: 10312: 10307: 10302: 10297: 10292: 10287: 10285:Awareness Week 10279: 10274: 10269: 10264: 10258: 10256: 10250: 10249: 10247: 10246: 10245: 10244: 10239: 10234: 10224: 10219: 10214: 10209: 10204: 10202:Asylum seekers 10199: 10198: 10197: 10187: 10182: 10176: 10174: 10172:Discrimination 10168: 10167: 10165: 10164: 10159: 10158: 10157: 10152: 10150:bathroom bills 10144: 10139: 10134: 10129: 10124: 10119: 10114: 10108: 10106: 10100: 10099: 10097: 10096: 10091: 10086: 10085: 10084: 10079: 10069: 10068: 10067: 10062: 10057: 10047: 10042: 10041: 10040: 10029: 10027: 10018: 10017: 10013: 10012: 10007: 10006: 10005: 9998: 9988: 9987: 9986: 9979: 9972: 9962: 9957: 9956: 9955: 9950: 9943: 9938: 9933: 9928: 9923: 9918: 9911: 9906: 9897: 9892: 9882: 9877: 9870: 9869: 9868: 9858: 9853: 9848: 9843: 9836: 9829: 9823: 9822: 9821: 9819: 9811: 9810: 9800: 9799: 9792: 9785: 9777: 9769: 9768: 9711: 9666:(4): 405–421. 9650: 9615:(4): 358–379. 9592: 9568: 9542: 9515: 9496: 9459:(3): 240–250. 9437: 9396: 9339: 9321:Taylor, Mark. 9313: 9284:(1): 117–123. 9261: 9199: 9169: 9143: 9113: 9083: 9074: 9017: 8989: 8958: 8927: 8913: 8882: 8856: 8834: 8811: 8788: 8759: 8733: 8708: 8683: 8661: 8629: 8607: 8580:(4): 400–418. 8558: 8533: 8505: 8486: 8460: 8434: 8429:"Patient Fees" 8419: 8390: 8373: 8352:(2): 309–320. 8332: 8317: 8292: 8263:(3): 203–209. 8243: 8212: 8185:(6): 585–591. 8162: 8134: 8113:(2022-11-30). 8102: 8067: 8007: 7978:(2): 280–285. 7955: 7926:(6): 448–449. 7903: 7844: 7795: 7748:(4): 381–396. 7728: 7669: 7639: 7612: 7575:(3): 141–148. 7552: 7521: 7500: 7497:. p. 356. 7481: 7460: 7413: 7360: 7317: 7296: 7277: 7240: 7216: 7159: 7122:(3): 817–846. 7099: 7037: 6978: 6921: 6873: 6836:(2): 123–138. 6803: 6776:(4): 359–378. 6753: 6716:(1): 151–164. 6696: 6667:(5): 943–951. 6647: 6621: 6561: 6520: 6471: 6434:(6): 674–680. 6411: 6351: 6330:(1): 217–247. 6307: 6272:(4): 720–729. 6252: 6197: 6160:(4): 401–412. 6140: 6085: 6050:(2): 246–256. 6030: 6003:(3): 255–267. 5983: 5946:(3): 493–495. 5926: 5889:(3): 243–256. 5869: 5830:(3): 440–447. 5810: 5798: 5769: 5720: 5653: 5595: 5568:(5): 489–495. 5547: 5523: 5500: 5489:(2): S81–S82. 5479:Dowshen, Nadia 5470: 5451:(3): 302–307. 5435: 5420: 5363: 5328:(1): 111–128. 5308: 5289:(3): 192–206. 5269: 5254: 5229: 5172: 5137:(6): 788–796. 5117: 5088:(1): 151–164. 5068: 5044: 5020: 4996: 4972: 4948: 4924: 4906: 4846: 4819:(3): 214–222. 4799: 4775: 4705: 4680: 4619:Green, Richard 4601: 4542: 4482: 4455:(4): 431–436. 4435: 4408:(6): 1429–37. 4392: 4328: 4288: 4269:(2): 252–262. 4249: 4231:Choices, NHS. 4223: 4174: 4117: 4060: 4025:(4): 266–269. 4005: 3970:(3): 170–176. 3950: 3937: 3912: 3863: 3856: 3838: 3801:(3): 2045066. 3781: 3724: 3663: 3622:(2003-08-01). 3610: 3586: 3555:(6): 877–884. 3530: 3501: 3452: 3423:(7): 480–482. 3403: 3347: 3329: 3302:(4): 165–232. 3276: 3247:(4): 613–626. 3227: 3175: 3140: 3081: 3037: 3010: 2965:(2): 499–513. 2945: 2916:(3): 205–221. 2896: 2867:(3): 205–221. 2847: 2840: 2822: 2762: 2719: 2640: 2596: 2572: 2554: 2553: 2551: 2548: 2547: 2546: 2540: 2534: 2529: 2524: 2519: 2514: 2508: 2507: 2493: 2477: 2474: 2460: 2457: 2425: 2422: 2416: 2413: 2411: 2408: 2381:Main article: 2378: 2375: 2343: 2340: 2336:Danielle Smith 2334:government of 2324:tracheal shave 2295: 2292: 2290: 2287: 2265: 2262: 2245: 2244:United Kingdom 2242: 2228: 2225: 2194:bottom surgery 2149: 2146: 2125: 2122: 2120: 2117: 2080: 2079:Mainland China 2077: 2066: 2063: 2061: 2058: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2044: 2023: 2020: 1948: 1945: 1921: 1918: 1889: 1886: 1841: 1838: 1836: 1833: 1823: 1820: 1810: 1807: 1797: 1794: 1784: 1781: 1779: 1776: 1748: 1745: 1739: 1736: 1693: 1690: 1647:Main article: 1644: 1641: 1624:Main article: 1621: 1618: 1548:Main article: 1545: 1542: 1536: 1533: 1528: 1527: 1524: 1521: 1518: 1507: 1504: 1456: 1453: 1432: 1429: 1427: 1424: 1382: 1379: 1357: 1354: 1333: 1332: 1330: 1329: 1322: 1315: 1307: 1304: 1303: 1292: 1291: 1279: 1266: 1263: 1262: 1259: 1258: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1233: 1228: 1223: 1221:Gender studies 1218: 1213: 1207: 1204: 1203: 1200: 1199: 1196: 1195: 1194: 1193: 1188: 1186:Cafeteria riot 1183: 1178: 1168: 1166:United Kingdom 1163: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1138: 1137: 1136: 1126: 1107: 1105: 1104: 1103: 1102: 1097: 1092: 1082: 1081: 1080: 1075: 1068:United Kingdom 1065: 1064: 1063: 1055: 1050: 1049: 1048: 1040: 1035: 1034: 1033: 1025: 1020: 1019: 1018: 1013: 1005: 1000: 995: 994: 993: 988: 983: 975: 974: 973: 968: 963: 953: 941: 936: 931: 930: 929: 919: 914: 909: 908: 907: 902: 887: 886: 881: 880: 877: 876: 873: 872: 867: 862: 861: 860: 850: 845: 840: 835: 830: 825: 820: 813: 808: 801: 796: 791: 789:Cross-dressing 786: 784:Cisnormativity 781: 776: 771: 766: 758: 755: 754: 751: 750: 747: 746: 741: 736: 731: 726: 725: 724: 714: 709: 704: 699: 694: 684: 682: 681: 676: 671: 666: 661: 656: 651: 649:Awareness Week 641: 640: 637: 636: 633: 632: 629: 628: 623: 622: 621: 616: 606: 601: 596: 595: 594: 589: 584: 579: 572:Discrimination 569: 568: 567: 544: 543: 542: 541: 536: 534:Bathroom bills 528: 523: 522: 521: 516: 506: 501: 494: 493: 488: 483: 476: 475: 470: 465: 459: 453: 452: 449: 448: 445: 444: 443: 442: 430: 423: 418: 413: 404: 403: 396: 389: 388: 387: 384:male-to-female 380: 377:female-to-male 364: 363: 356: 355: 354: 349: 335: 334: 331:Sex assignment 327: 326: 325: 311: 303: 297: 296: 293: 292: 289: 288: 283: 282: 281: 274: 264: 263: 262: 255: 248: 238: 233: 232: 231: 226: 219: 214: 209: 204: 199: 194: 187: 182: 173: 168: 158: 153: 146: 145: 144: 134: 129: 124: 119: 112: 105: 99: 94: 93: 90: 89: 87: 86: 81: 76: 70: 67: 66: 48: 47: 41: 40: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11059: 11048: 11045: 11044: 11042: 11027: 11022: 11017: 11015: 11012: 11010: 11007: 11005: 11002: 11001: 10998: 10990: 10987: 10985: 10982: 10980: 10977: 10975: 10972: 10970: 10967: 10965: 10962: 10960: 10957: 10955: 10952: 10950: 10947: 10945: 10942: 10941: 10937: 10933: 10923: 10922:United States 10920: 10919: 10917: 10915: 10909: 10899: 10894: 10891: 10890: 10888: 10884: 10881: 10879: 10878:legal history 10876: 10875: 10874: 10873:United States 10871: 10867: 10864: 10863: 10862: 10859: 10855: 10852: 10851: 10849: 10847: 10844: 10840: 10837: 10836: 10835:South Africa 10834: 10830: 10827: 10825: 10822: 10821: 10819: 10817: 10814: 10812: 10809: 10807: 10804: 10800: 10797: 10795: 10792: 10790: 10787: 10785: 10782: 10781: 10780: 10777: 10775: 10772: 10766: 10761: 10758: 10757: 10755: 10751: 10748: 10747: 10746: 10743: 10741: 10738: 10732: 10727: 10724: 10723: 10721: 10717: 10714: 10713: 10712: 10709: 10703: 10698: 10695: 10693: 10690: 10689: 10688: 10685: 10684: 10682: 10680: 10676: 10670: 10667: 10665: 10662: 10660: 10657: 10653: 10648: 10645: 10643: 10642:ancient Egypt 10640: 10638: 10635: 10634: 10632: 10630: 10626: 10618: 10615: 10614: 10613: 10612:United States 10610: 10608: 10605: 10603: 10600: 10598: 10595: 10593: 10590: 10588: 10585: 10583: 10580: 10578: 10575: 10571: 10566: 10563: 10561: 10558: 10556: 10553: 10551: 10548: 10544: 10539: 10536: 10535: 10533: 10531: 10527: 10524: 10520: 10512: 10511:Transmisogyny 10509: 10507: 10504: 10500: 10497: 10496: 10495: 10494:Transfeminism 10492: 10490: 10487: 10485: 10482: 10480: 10479:Postgenderism 10477: 10475: 10472: 10470: 10467: 10465: 10462: 10459: 10455: 10453: 10450: 10447: 10443: 10441: 10440:Gender binary 10438: 10436: 10433: 10431: 10428: 10426: 10423: 10421: 10418: 10416: 10413: 10411: 10408: 10405: 10401: 10400: 10396: 10390: 10384: 10383: 10379: 10377: 10374: 10370: 10367: 10366: 10365: 10362: 10360: 10357: 10355: 10352: 10350: 10347: 10345: 10342: 10338: 10335: 10333: 10330: 10329: 10328: 10325: 10323: 10320: 10318: 10315: 10311: 10308: 10306: 10303: 10301: 10298: 10296: 10293: 10291: 10288: 10286: 10283: 10282: 10280: 10278: 10275: 10273: 10270: 10268: 10265: 10263: 10260: 10259: 10257: 10251: 10243: 10240: 10238: 10235: 10233: 10230: 10229: 10228: 10225: 10223: 10222:Transmisogyny 10220: 10218: 10215: 10213: 10210: 10208: 10205: 10203: 10200: 10196: 10193: 10192: 10191: 10188: 10186: 10183: 10181: 10178: 10177: 10175: 10173: 10169: 10163: 10160: 10156: 10153: 10151: 10148: 10147: 10145: 10143: 10140: 10138: 10135: 10133: 10130: 10128: 10125: 10123: 10120: 10118: 10115: 10113: 10110: 10109: 10107: 10105: 10101: 10095: 10092: 10090: 10087: 10083: 10080: 10078: 10075: 10074: 10073: 10070: 10066: 10063: 10061: 10060:masculinizing 10058: 10056: 10053: 10052: 10051: 10048: 10046: 10043: 10039: 10036: 10035: 10034: 10031: 10030: 10028: 10024: 10019: 10011: 10008: 10004: 10003: 9999: 9997: 9994: 9993: 9992: 9989: 9985: 9984: 9980: 9978: 9977: 9973: 9971: 9968: 9967: 9966: 9963: 9961: 9958: 9954: 9951: 9949: 9948: 9944: 9942: 9939: 9937: 9934: 9932: 9929: 9927: 9924: 9922: 9919: 9917: 9916: 9912: 9910: 9907: 9904: 9903: 9898: 9896: 9893: 9891: 9888: 9887: 9886: 9883: 9881: 9878: 9876: 9875: 9871: 9867: 9864: 9863: 9862: 9859: 9857: 9854: 9852: 9851:Gender bender 9849: 9847: 9844: 9842: 9841: 9837: 9835: 9834: 9830: 9828: 9825: 9824: 9820: 9818: 9812: 9808: 9805: 9798: 9793: 9791: 9786: 9784: 9779: 9778: 9775: 9764: 9760: 9755: 9750: 9746: 9742: 9738: 9734: 9730: 9726: 9722: 9715: 9707: 9703: 9699: 9695: 9691: 9687: 9682: 9677: 9673: 9669: 9665: 9661: 9654: 9646: 9642: 9638: 9634: 9630: 9626: 9622: 9618: 9614: 9610: 9603: 9596: 9582: 9578: 9572: 9557: 9553: 9546: 9531: 9530: 9525: 9519: 9511: 9507: 9500: 9492: 9488: 9484: 9480: 9475: 9470: 9466: 9462: 9458: 9454: 9453: 9448: 9441: 9433: 9429: 9424: 9419: 9415: 9411: 9407: 9400: 9392: 9388: 9383: 9378: 9374: 9370: 9366: 9362: 9358: 9354: 9350: 9343: 9328: 9324: 9317: 9309: 9305: 9300: 9295: 9291: 9287: 9283: 9279: 9275: 9268: 9266: 9257: 9253: 9248: 9243: 9239: 9235: 9231: 9227: 9223: 9219: 9215: 9208: 9206: 9204: 9188: 9184: 9180: 9173: 9157: 9153: 9147: 9131: 9127: 9123: 9117: 9101: 9097: 9094: 9087: 9078: 9070: 9066: 9061: 9056: 9052: 9048: 9044: 9040: 9036: 9032: 9028: 9021: 9006: 9005: 9000: 8993: 8977: 8976: 8968: 8962: 8947: 8943: 8936: 8934: 8932: 8923: 8917: 8902: 8900: 8892: 8886: 8870: 8866: 8860: 8844: 8838: 8822: 8815: 8799: 8792: 8777: 8773: 8769: 8763: 8747: 8743: 8737: 8718: 8712: 8693: 8687: 8671: 8665: 8646: 8639: 8633: 8617: 8611: 8603: 8599: 8595: 8591: 8587: 8583: 8579: 8575: 8567: 8565: 8563: 8547: 8543: 8537: 8522: 8515: 8509: 8501: 8497: 8490: 8474: 8470: 8464: 8450:on 2019-02-27 8449: 8445: 8438: 8430: 8423: 8409:on 2016-08-27 8408: 8404: 8397: 8395: 8383: 8377: 8369: 8365: 8360: 8355: 8351: 8347: 8343: 8336: 8328: 8321: 8307:on 2020-06-13 8306: 8302: 8296: 8288: 8284: 8280: 8276: 8271: 8266: 8262: 8258: 8254: 8247: 8239: 8235: 8231: 8227: 8223: 8216: 8208: 8204: 8200: 8196: 8192: 8188: 8184: 8180: 8173: 8171: 8169: 8167: 8151: 8147: 8138: 8123: 8119: 8112: 8106: 8094: 8090: 8086: 8081: 8077: 8071: 8063: 8059: 8054: 8049: 8045: 8041: 8037: 8033: 8030:(1): 92–103. 8029: 8025: 8021: 8014: 8012: 8003: 7999: 7994: 7989: 7985: 7981: 7977: 7973: 7969: 7962: 7960: 7951: 7947: 7943: 7939: 7934: 7929: 7925: 7921: 7917: 7910: 7908: 7899: 7895: 7891: 7887: 7882: 7877: 7872: 7867: 7863: 7859: 7855: 7848: 7840: 7836: 7831: 7826: 7822: 7818: 7814: 7810: 7806: 7799: 7791: 7787: 7783: 7779: 7774: 7769: 7765: 7761: 7756: 7751: 7747: 7743: 7739: 7732: 7724: 7720: 7715: 7710: 7706: 7702: 7697: 7692: 7689:(3): e36849. 7688: 7684: 7680: 7673: 7659: 7655: 7648: 7646: 7644: 7629: 7625: 7619: 7617: 7608: 7604: 7599: 7594: 7590: 7586: 7582: 7578: 7574: 7570: 7566: 7559: 7557: 7548: 7544: 7540: 7536: 7532: 7525: 7517: 7516: 7511: 7504: 7496: 7492: 7485: 7477: 7476: 7475:The Daily Dot 7471: 7464: 7456: 7452: 7447: 7442: 7439:: 1070–1080. 7438: 7434: 7430: 7429: 7424: 7417: 7409: 7405: 7401: 7397: 7393: 7389: 7385: 7381: 7377: 7376: 7371: 7364: 7356: 7352: 7348: 7344: 7340: 7336: 7332: 7328: 7321: 7313: 7312: 7307: 7300: 7292: 7288: 7281: 7272: 7267: 7263: 7259: 7255: 7251: 7244: 7230: 7226: 7220: 7212: 7208: 7203: 7198: 7194: 7190: 7186: 7182: 7178: 7174: 7170: 7163: 7155: 7151: 7146: 7141: 7137: 7133: 7129: 7125: 7121: 7117: 7113: 7106: 7104: 7095: 7091: 7086: 7081: 7077: 7073: 7069: 7065: 7061: 7057: 7053: 7046: 7044: 7042: 7033: 7029: 7024: 7019: 7015: 7011: 7006: 7001: 6997: 6993: 6989: 6982: 6974: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6956: 6952: 6948: 6944: 6940: 6936: 6932: 6925: 6917: 6913: 6909: 6905: 6901: 6897: 6893: 6889: 6885: 6877: 6869: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6851: 6847: 6843: 6839: 6835: 6831: 6827: 6820: 6818: 6816: 6814: 6812: 6810: 6808: 6799: 6795: 6791: 6787: 6783: 6779: 6775: 6771: 6764: 6757: 6749: 6745: 6740: 6735: 6731: 6727: 6723: 6719: 6715: 6711: 6707: 6700: 6692: 6688: 6683: 6678: 6674: 6670: 6666: 6662: 6658: 6651: 6632: 6625: 6617: 6613: 6608: 6603: 6599: 6595: 6591: 6587: 6583: 6579: 6575: 6568: 6566: 6547: 6543: 6536: 6529: 6527: 6525: 6516: 6512: 6507: 6502: 6498: 6494: 6490: 6486: 6482: 6475: 6467: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6449: 6445: 6441: 6437: 6433: 6429: 6425: 6418: 6416: 6407: 6403: 6398: 6393: 6389: 6385: 6381: 6377: 6373: 6369: 6365: 6358: 6356: 6347: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6329: 6325: 6321: 6314: 6312: 6303: 6299: 6295: 6291: 6287: 6283: 6279: 6275: 6271: 6267: 6263: 6256: 6248: 6244: 6240: 6236: 6232: 6228: 6224: 6220: 6216: 6212: 6208: 6201: 6193: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6175: 6171: 6167: 6163: 6159: 6155: 6151: 6144: 6136: 6132: 6128: 6124: 6120: 6116: 6112: 6108: 6104: 6100: 6096: 6089: 6081: 6077: 6073: 6069: 6065: 6061: 6057: 6053: 6049: 6045: 6041: 6034: 6026: 6022: 6018: 6014: 6010: 6006: 6002: 5998: 5994: 5987: 5979: 5975: 5970: 5965: 5961: 5957: 5953: 5949: 5945: 5941: 5937: 5930: 5922: 5918: 5913: 5908: 5904: 5900: 5896: 5892: 5888: 5884: 5880: 5873: 5865: 5861: 5856: 5851: 5847: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5829: 5825: 5821: 5814: 5801: 5799:9780203462591 5795: 5791: 5787: 5783: 5779: 5773: 5765: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5747: 5743: 5739: 5735: 5731: 5724: 5710:on 2020-04-23 5706: 5702: 5698: 5694: 5690: 5686: 5682: 5678: 5674: 5667: 5660: 5658: 5649: 5645: 5641: 5637: 5633: 5629: 5625: 5621: 5617: 5613: 5609: 5602: 5600: 5591: 5587: 5583: 5579: 5575: 5571: 5567: 5563: 5556: 5554: 5552: 5537: 5533: 5527: 5519: 5515: 5511: 5504: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5484: 5480: 5474: 5466: 5462: 5458: 5454: 5450: 5446: 5439: 5433: 5427: 5425: 5416: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5386: 5383:(9): e1–e14. 5382: 5378: 5374: 5367: 5359: 5355: 5351: 5347: 5343: 5339: 5335: 5331: 5327: 5323: 5319: 5312: 5304: 5300: 5296: 5292: 5288: 5284: 5280: 5273: 5265: 5261: 5257: 5251: 5247: 5243: 5236: 5234: 5225: 5221: 5217: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5191: 5187: 5183: 5176: 5168: 5164: 5160: 5156: 5152: 5148: 5144: 5140: 5136: 5132: 5128: 5121: 5113: 5109: 5104: 5099: 5095: 5091: 5087: 5083: 5079: 5072: 5058: 5054: 5048: 5034: 5030: 5024: 5010: 5006: 5000: 4986: 4982: 4976: 4962: 4958: 4952: 4938: 4934: 4928: 4920: 4916: 4910: 4902: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4860: 4853: 4851: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4810: 4803: 4789: 4785: 4779: 4771: 4767: 4762: 4757: 4753: 4749: 4744: 4739: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4712: 4710: 4695: 4691: 4684: 4677: 4669: 4665: 4661: 4657: 4653: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4636: 4628: 4624: 4620: 4616: 4612: 4605: 4597: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4569: 4565: 4562:(2): e16885. 4561: 4557: 4553: 4546: 4532:on 2022-04-06 4531: 4527: 4523: 4518: 4513: 4509: 4505: 4501: 4497: 4493: 4486: 4478: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4458: 4454: 4450: 4446: 4439: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4415: 4411: 4407: 4403: 4396: 4388: 4382: 4374: 4370: 4366: 4362: 4358: 4354: 4350: 4346: 4339: 4332: 4324: 4320: 4315: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4295: 4293: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4268: 4264: 4260: 4253: 4238: 4234: 4227: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4202: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4185: 4178: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4154: 4150: 4145: 4140: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4121: 4113: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4083: 4079: 4075: 4071: 4064: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4019:Contraception 4016: 4009: 4001: 3997: 3993: 3989: 3985: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3954: 3947: 3941: 3922: 3916: 3908: 3904: 3899: 3894: 3890: 3886: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3867: 3859: 3853: 3849: 3842: 3834: 3830: 3825: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3796: 3792: 3785: 3777: 3773: 3768: 3763: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3735: 3728: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3704: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3667: 3659: 3655: 3651: 3647: 3642: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3614: 3600: 3596: 3590: 3582: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3539: 3537: 3535: 3520: 3516: 3510: 3508: 3506: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3480: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3456: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3407: 3399: 3395: 3390: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3358: 3356: 3354: 3352: 3343: 3339: 3333: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3289: 3287: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3272: 3268: 3263: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3231: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3179: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3144: 3136: 3132: 3127: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3109: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3085: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3041: 3027: 3023: 3017: 3015: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2981: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2949: 2941: 2937: 2932: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2900: 2892: 2888: 2883: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2851: 2843: 2841:9782357792173 2837: 2833: 2826: 2818: 2814: 2809: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2769: 2767: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2723: 2715: 2711: 2706: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2665: 2663: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2655: 2653: 2651: 2649: 2647: 2645: 2630: 2626: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2613: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2605: 2603: 2601: 2586: 2582: 2576: 2566: 2564: 2562: 2560: 2555: 2544: 2541: 2538: 2535: 2533: 2530: 2528: 2525: 2523: 2520: 2518: 2515: 2513: 2510: 2509: 2505: 2499: 2494: 2491: 2480: 2473: 2469: 2466: 2456: 2453: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2437: 2431: 2421: 2410:South America 2407: 2405: 2401: 2396: 2394: 2389: 2384: 2377:United States 2374: 2372: 2368: 2363: 2361: 2357: 2352: 2350: 2339: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2312:New Brunswick 2308: 2305: 2301: 2289:North America 2286: 2283: 2279: 2276: 2271: 2261: 2259: 2255: 2250: 2241: 2233: 2224: 2223:individuals. 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2200: 2197: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2182: 2178: 2176: 2172: 2171:transexualism 2168: 2164: 2160: 2154: 2145: 2141: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2116: 2114: 2113:antiandrogens 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2093: 2090: 2086: 2076: 2074: 2073: 2057: 2043: 2041: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2022:Global access 2019: 2016: 2012: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1994: 1990: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1971: 1967: 1962: 1961:mental health 1958: 1953: 1944: 1941: 1935: 1932: 1926: 1917: 1914: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1895: 1888:Mental health 1885: 1882: 1881:HIV treatment 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1850:mental health 1847: 1832: 1830: 1819: 1815: 1806: 1802: 1793: 1789: 1775: 1773: 1769: 1764: 1761: 1756: 1754: 1744: 1735: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1724:study designs 1720: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1699: 1692:Effectiveness 1689: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1666: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1650: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1627: 1617: 1613: 1611: 1607: 1602: 1598: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1585: 1579: 1577: 1572: 1565: 1561: 1556: 1551: 1541: 1532: 1525: 1522: 1519: 1516: 1515: 1514: 1511: 1503: 1500: 1498: 1494: 1489: 1487: 1484: 1479: 1477: 1472: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1452: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1412: 1409:In 2018, the 1407: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1378: 1374: 1366: 1362: 1353: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1328: 1323: 1321: 1316: 1314: 1309: 1308: 1306: 1305: 1302: 1290: 1280: 1278: 1273: 1268: 1267: 1265: 1264: 1257: 1254: 1252: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1237: 1234: 1232: 1229: 1227: 1224: 1222: 1219: 1217: 1214: 1212: 1209: 1208: 1202: 1201: 1192: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1177: 1174: 1173: 1172: 1171:United States 1169: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1142: 1139: 1135: 1132: 1131: 1130: 1127: 1123: 1118: 1115: 1114: 1112: 1111: 1101: 1098: 1096: 1093: 1091: 1088: 1087: 1086: 1085:United States 1083: 1079: 1076: 1074: 1071: 1070: 1069: 1066: 1062: 1059: 1058: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1047: 1044: 1043: 1042:South Africa 1041: 1039: 1036: 1032: 1029: 1028: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1017: 1014: 1012: 1009: 1008: 1006: 1004: 1001: 999: 996: 992: 989: 987: 984: 982: 979: 978: 976: 972: 969: 967: 964: 962: 959: 958: 957: 954: 950: 945: 942: 940: 937: 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460: 457: 451: 450: 440: 436: 435: 434: 431: 428: 427:Voice therapy 424: 422: 419: 417: 414: 411: 407: 406: 401: 397: 394: 390: 385: 381: 378: 374: 373: 371: 367: 366: 361: 357: 353: 352:masculinizing 350: 348: 345: 344: 342: 338: 337: 332: 328: 323: 319: 318: 316: 312: 309: 308:Gender clinic 305: 304: 300: 295: 294: 287: 284: 280: 279: 275: 273: 270: 269: 268: 265: 261: 260: 256: 254: 253: 249: 247: 244: 243: 242: 239: 237: 234: 230: 227: 225: 224: 220: 218: 215: 213: 210: 208: 205: 203: 200: 198: 195: 193: 192: 188: 186: 183: 180: 179: 174: 172: 169: 167: 164: 163: 162: 159: 157: 154: 152: 151: 147: 143: 140: 139: 138: 135: 133: 130: 128: 127:Gender bender 125: 123: 120: 118: 117: 113: 111: 110: 106: 104: 101: 100: 97: 92: 91: 85: 82: 80: 77: 75: 72: 71: 69: 68: 50: 49: 46: 43: 42: 38: 34: 33: 30: 19: 10659:Nazi Germany 10380: 10354:Publications 10272:Christianity 10207:Cisgenderism 10127:Legal status 10117:Legal gender 10089:Legal status 10025:and medicine 10022: 10000: 9981: 9974: 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Retrieved 9580: 9571: 9559:. Retrieved 9555: 9550:Reed, Erin. 9545: 9534:. Retrieved 9527: 9518: 9509: 9499: 9456: 9450: 9440: 9413: 9409: 9399: 9356: 9352: 9342: 9330:. Retrieved 9326: 9316: 9281: 9277: 9221: 9217: 9191:. Retrieved 9182: 9172: 9160:. Retrieved 9146: 9134:. Retrieved 9125: 9116: 9104:. Retrieved 9095: 9086: 9077: 9034: 9030: 9020: 9008:. Retrieved 9002: 8992: 8980:. Retrieved 8973: 8961: 8949:. Retrieved 8945: 8916: 8904:. Retrieved 8897: 8885: 8873:. Retrieved 8859: 8847:. Retrieved 8837: 8825:. Retrieved 8814: 8802:. Retrieved 8791: 8779:. Retrieved 8771: 8762: 8750:. Retrieved 8736: 8724:. Retrieved 8711: 8699:. Retrieved 8686: 8674:. Retrieved 8664: 8652:. Retrieved 8645:the original 8632: 8620:. Retrieved 8610: 8577: 8573: 8550:. Retrieved 8548:. 2020-01-09 8545: 8536: 8524:. Retrieved 8520: 8508: 8499: 8489: 8477:. Retrieved 8475:(in Swedish) 8473:Skatteverket 8472: 8463: 8452:. Retrieved 8448:the original 8437: 8422: 8411:. Retrieved 8407:the original 8376: 8349: 8345: 8335: 8320: 8309:. Retrieved 8305:the original 8295: 8260: 8256: 8246: 8229: 8226:ResearchGate 8225: 8215: 8182: 8178: 8154:. Retrieved 8149: 8137: 8126:. Retrieved 8124:(in Chinese) 8121: 8105: 8092: 8084: 8070: 8027: 8023: 7975: 7971: 7923: 7919: 7861: 7857: 7847: 7812: 7808: 7798: 7745: 7741: 7731: 7686: 7682: 7672: 7661:. Retrieved 7657: 7631:. Retrieved 7627: 7572: 7568: 7534: 7530: 7524: 7515:The Observer 7513: 7503: 7490: 7484: 7473: 7463: 7432: 7426: 7416: 7379: 7373: 7363: 7334: 7330: 7320: 7309: 7299: 7291:Policy Press 7286: 7280: 7257: 7253: 7243: 7232:. Retrieved 7228: 7219: 7179:(1): 22–44. 7176: 7172: 7162: 7119: 7115: 7059: 7055: 6995: 6991: 6981: 6938: 6935:BJPsych Open 6934: 6924: 6891: 6887: 6876: 6833: 6829: 6773: 6769: 6756: 6713: 6709: 6699: 6664: 6660: 6650: 6638:. Retrieved 6624: 6581: 6577: 6553:. 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Retrieved 4693: 4683: 4674: 4668:the original 4639: 4633: 4615:Coleman, Eli 4604: 4559: 4555: 4545: 4534:. Retrieved 4530:the original 4502:(3): e3477. 4499: 4495: 4485: 4452: 4448: 4438: 4405: 4401: 4395: 4381:cite journal 4351:(1): 89–99. 4348: 4344: 4331: 4304: 4266: 4262: 4252: 4240:. Retrieved 4236: 4226: 4194:(1): 40–44. 4191: 4187: 4177: 4134: 4130: 4120: 4077: 4073: 4063: 4022: 4018: 4008: 3967: 3963: 3953: 3940: 3928:. Retrieved 3915: 3883:(2): 55–60. 3880: 3876: 3866: 3847: 3841: 3798: 3794: 3784: 3741: 3737: 3727: 3676: 3672: 3666: 3631: 3627: 3620:Dobs, Adrian 3613: 3602:. Retrieved 3598: 3589: 3552: 3548: 3522:. Retrieved 3518: 3469: 3465: 3455: 3420: 3416: 3406: 3371: 3367: 3341: 3332: 3299: 3295: 3244: 3240: 3230: 3189: 3185: 3178: 3156:(1): 40–61. 3153: 3149: 3143: 3098: 3094: 3084: 3051: 3047: 3040: 3029:. Retrieved 3025: 2962: 2958: 2948: 2913: 2909: 2899: 2864: 2860: 2850: 2831: 2825: 2785:(1): 57–A3. 2782: 2778: 2732: 2728: 2722: 2679: 2675: 2632:. 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Retrieved 2584: 2575: 2512:Detransition 2470: 2462: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2433: 2418: 2397: 2390: 2386: 2366: 2364: 2347: 2345: 2309: 2297: 2270:NHS Scotland 2267: 2251: 2247: 2238: 2201: 2198: 2183: 2179: 2155: 2151: 2142: 2134:mastectomies 2127: 2109:testosterone 2094: 2082: 2071: 2068: 2054: 2051:South Africa 2025: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1991: 1974: 1956: 1954: 1950: 1936: 1927: 1923: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1891: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1854:Global North 1843: 1828: 1825: 1816: 1812: 1803: 1799: 1796:Lambda Legal 1790: 1786: 1765: 1757: 1750: 1741: 1721: 1701: 1686:phalloplasty 1682:vaginoplasty 1667: 1653:The goal of 1652: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1614: 1610:polycythemia 1603: 1599: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1580: 1575: 1573: 1569: 1538: 1529: 1512: 1509: 1501: 1490: 1480: 1473: 1458: 1434: 1420: 1416: 1408: 1384: 1375: 1371: 1359: 1345: 1337: 1336: 1156:Nazi Germany 1108: 888: 729:Publications 685: 642: 468:Legal gender 456:legal status 410:Hair removal 298: 276: 257: 250: 221: 189: 161:Third gender 148: 114: 107: 29: 10896: [ 10846:South Korea 10816:New Zealand 10763: [ 10729: [ 10700: [ 10664:South Korea 10650: [ 10568: [ 10541: [ 10349:Pornography 10242:trans panic 10038:in children 10023:Health care 10010:Transsexual 9991:Transgender 9965:Trans woman 9921:Mudoko dako 9902:Femminiello 9804:Transgender 9561:29 February 8526:5 September 8500:SVT Nyheter 7881:10500/29671 7628:www.who.int 7541:: 288–296. 7386:: 243–280. 7341:: 425–432. 6998:: 377–391. 3026:icd.who.int 2585:www.who.int 2304:genderqueer 2227:Netherlands 2217:transgender 1987:counselling 1983:TransActual 1862:transphobia 1455:Eligibility 1390:identified 1342:transgender 1120: [ 1100:Transphobia 1053:South Korea 1023:New Zealand 947: [ 514:South Korea 454:Rights and 322:in children 299:Health care 286:Transsexual 267:Transgender 241:Trans woman 197:Mudoko dako 178:Femminiello 10799:Tamil Nadu 10522:By country 10435:Deadnaming 10392:Theory and 10369:ice hockey 10212:Inequality 10055:feminizing 9941:Two-spirit 9926:Mukhannath 9895:Faʻafafine 9681:10566/6338 9586:2019-03-24 9536:2024-02-29 9510:The Lancet 9410:Pediatrics 9193:2024-01-30 9010:January 3, 8982:January 3, 8978:. May 2016 8951:January 3, 8906:January 3, 8875:January 3, 8849:January 3, 8827:January 3, 8823:. CBC News 8804:January 3, 8800:. CBS News 8781:January 3, 8752:January 3, 8552:2022-11-13 8454:2018-05-29 8413:2018-06-04 8311:2018-05-29 8156:2022-12-04 8128:2022-12-04 7809:The Lancet 7663:2024-07-26 7633:2024-07-26 7234:2019-08-06 6941:(3): e91. 6640:5 November 6578:Pediatrics 6555:2019-10-23 6266:Pediatrics 6211:Pediatrics 6099:Pediatrics 5824:Pediatrics 5805:2023-11-29 5714:2019-10-24 5541:2019-10-23 5264:1080428040 5246:Peter Lang 5186:Demography 5062:2024-07-30 5038:2024-07-30 5014:2024-07-30 4990:2024-07-30 4966:2024-07-30 4942:2024-07-31 4793:2024-07-29 4699:2024-07-27 4536:2022-04-15 4242:9 December 4237:www.nhs.uk 4131:Pediatrics 3604:2024-07-29 3524:2024-07-29 3101:(6): 978. 3031:2019-03-24 2980:1871/34512 2634:2024-07-26 2590:2024-07-26 2550:References 2428:See also: 2404:Republican 2351:Psychiatry 2349:The Lancet 2278:Maree Todd 2190:non-binary 1726:, such as 1704:depression 1696:See also: 1639:identity. 1437:transition 991:Tamil Nadu 883:By country 794:Deadnaming 744:Television 722:non-binary 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6286:0031-4005 6231:0031-4005 6174:1359-1053 6119:0031-4005 6064:0954-0121 6044:AIDS Care 6017:1939-0106 5960:0090-0036 5903:0022-4499 5846:0031-4005 5701:151463685 5693:1553-2739 5648:207493538 5632:0954-0261 5582:1054-139X 5465:143288898 5397:0090-0036 5342:0091-8369 5208:0070-3370 5151:1943-278X 4883:2055-6640 4833:1473-3099 4752:1932-6203 4469:1536-3708 4323:2689-5269 4283:1553-6610 4210:1879-1972 4169:199451284 4153:1098-4275 4094:1573-7330 4039:0010-7824 3984:1473-656X 3815:2641-0397 3758:2397-3374 3703:0962-9343 3681:CiteSeerX 3650:0021-972X 3488:2376-6980 3439:0306-6800 3316:1553-2739 3206:0004-0002 3170:152123850 3117:1660-4601 3054:: 29–39. 2989:0004-0002 2799:2380-193X 2749:0090-4481 2696:2689-5269 2215:mistreat 2209:Stockholm 2130:Andalusia 2105:estradiol 2035:secondary 1993:Insurance 1858:cisgender 1712:addiction 1606:prolactin 1191:Stonewall 1161:Singapore 1129:Australia 1117:Argentina 1078:2022 bill 1038:Singapore 1011:2017 bill 1007:Pakistan 981:2014 bill 927:2016 bill 912:Australia 895:Argentina 416:Pregnancy 301:practices 278:Akava'ine 246:Fakaleitī 236:Trans man 156:Koekchuch 122:Cisgender 116:Burrnesha 103:Androgyne 11041:Category 11014:Category 11009:Timeline 10959:Intersex 10935:See also 10893:2018 law 10889:Uruguay 10883:title IX 10866:2004 act 10854:2022 law 10839:2003 Act 10829:2018 Act 10789:2019 Act 10760:2018 law 10726:2016 law 10722:Bolivia 10716:re Kevin 10697:2021 law 10692:2012 law 10560:Cambodia 10394:concepts 10237:killings 10232:genocide 10227:Violence 10146:Toilets 10132:Marriage 9976:Mak nyah 9953:X-gender 9936:Travesti 9763:37113210 9754:10126651 9706:85446146 9698:30897921 9645:78094482 9637:30871331 9483:36652355 9474:10081536 9432:29514975 9391:27115401 9327:LinkedIn 9308:28861529 9256:24464550 9187:Archived 9156:Archived 9130:Archived 9100:Archived 9069:23153142 8746:CBS News 8546:BBC News 8479:March 2, 8287:22402241 8207:36430944 8199:24468763 8082:(2017). 8062:25270637 8002:23353716 7950:26301294 7890:35176236 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