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or other output device is the time elapsed from the application of an ideal instantaneous step input to the time at which the amplifier output has entered and remained within a specified error band.
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Tay, Mareels and Moore (1998) defined settling time as "the time required for the response curve to reach and stay within a range of certain percentage (usually 5% or 2%) of the final value."
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Systems with energy storage cannot respond instantaneously and will exhibit transient responses when they are subjected to inputs or disturbances.
278:{\displaystyle T_{s}=-{\frac {\ln({\text{tolerance fraction}}\times {\sqrt {1-\zeta ^{2}}})}{{\text{damping ratio}}\times {\text{natural freq}}}}}
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Settling time is the time required for an output to reach and remain within a given error band following some input stimulus.
182:{\displaystyle T_{s}=-{\frac {\ln({\text{tolerance fraction}})}{{\text{damping ratio}}\times {\text{natural freq}}}}}
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400:{\displaystyle T_{s}=-{\frac {\ln(0.02)}{\zeta \omega _{n}}}\approx {\frac {3.9}{\zeta \omega _{n}}}}
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for computing settling time, rise time, and other step response characteristics
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Modern
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Time required for the output of an amplifier to stabilize
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Tay, Teng-Tiow; Iven
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478:Second-Order System Example
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306:{\displaystyle \zeta \ll 1}
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111:{\displaystyle \zeta \ll 1}
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453:. Birkhäuser. p. 93.
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500:Settling Time Calculator
451:High performance control
80:The settling time for a
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483:Op Amp Settling Time
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69:Mathematical detail
488:Graphical tutorial
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39:such as an
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61:Definition
416:Rise time
386:ω
382:ζ
373:≈
361:ω
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298:≪
295:ζ
265:×
244:ζ
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41:amplifier
410:See also
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35:of a
455:ISBN
349:0.02
52:slew
31:the
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27:In
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340:ln
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