Sejong the Great - Knowledge

2389: 7928: 7751: 7854: 7843: 7787: 2526: 1981: 7775: 1830: 2241: 1571:, drastically decreasing the power and wealth of the religious leaders. One of the key factors in this suppression was Sejong's reform of the land system. This policy resulted in temple lands being seized and redistributed for development and monks losing large amounts of economic influence. Furthermore, he performed government ceremonies according to Confucianism and encouraged people to behave according to the teachings of 1874: 'Straight Talk on Farming'), a compilation of various farming methods accommodative to Korea's climate and soil conditions. The book dealt with planting, harvesting, and soil treatment, and contained information about the different farming techniques that scientists gathered from different regions of Korea. These techniques were essential for maintaining the newly adopted intensive and continuous cultivation methods. 2631: 7739: 7763: 2729: 68: 7799: 6325:북한 무소속대변지 통일신보 최근호(2001.12.15)는 코너에서 `과학문화 발전에 기여한 세종`이란 제목을 통해 세종대왕(1397∼1450년)이 `30여년 집권기간 훈민정음의 창제 등 나라의 과학문화를 발전시키는데 적지 않게 기여한 것으로 하여 후세에도 그 이름은 전해지고 있다`고 소개했다... 또 2000년 8월 발행된 제16권은 `세종 통치시기 봉건문화가 발전하고 나라의 대외적 지위가 높아졌다`고 지적하면서도 `봉건군주로서 세종의 모든 활동과 그 결과는 봉건 지배계급의 이익을 옹호하기 위한 것이었고 이 시기 인민대중에 대한 봉건적 압박과 착취는 보다 강화됐다`고 주장하고 있다. 2317:—which used Chinese characters to approximate sounds of the Korean language—that had been in use since hundreds of years before hangul. However, due to the fundamental differences between the Korean and Chinese languages, and the large number of Chinese characters required, lower-class people of Joseon lacked the privilege of 2360:("children’s script"). It was commonly used for areas like casual writing, prose and bookkeeping, especially by the urban middle class like administrators and bureaucrats. It notably gained popularity among women and fiction writers, with former usually often not having been able to get access to hanja education. 5755: 3349:

Sejong and his primary consort Soheon had ten children together: the most for any queen consort of the Joseon period. Historian Lee Han argues it is unclear if their relationship had genuine love; while they had numerous children together, and there is evidence of the two caring for and treating each

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Joseon's economy depended on the agricultural output of the farmers, so Sejong allowed them to pay more or less tax according to the fluctuations of economic prosperity and hard times. Because of this, farmers could worry less about tax quotas and instead work at maintaining and selling their crops.

1476:, to have a disposition too soft for the role. He then proposed Chungnyeong, whom he felt was intelligent and sharp in matters of politics. The officials welcomed the decision and confirmed that Chungnyeong had been their preferred choice. On 8 July 1418, Chungnyeong was made crown prince of Joseon. 2371:

in 1602. Hangul was brought into the mainstream culture in the 16th century, due to a renaissance in literature and poetry. It continued to gain popularity well into the 17th century, and gained wider use after a period of nationalism in the 19th century. In 1849, it was adopted as Korea’s national

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Invasion in Japanese. The ultimate goal of this military expedition was to remove the nuisance of Japanese pirates who had been operating from to the island. During the invasion, 245 Japanese were executed or killed and another 110 were captured, while 180 Korean soldiers died. Around 150 kidnapped

1467:

In mid-1418, court officials petitioned Taejong to consider a new candidate for the throne. Following primogeniture, Taejong initially considered Yangnyeong's eldest son for the role. However, the officials objected and insisted that Taejong select a wise person as heir apparent. King Taejong asked

1463:

was to inherit the throne. However, Taejong, as well as court officials, increasingly deemed Yangnyeong unsuitable for the role due to his erratic and irresponsible behavior. In a series of escalating events involving Yangnyeong's affair with Eori, a concubine of Kwak Sŏn, Yangnyeong was ultimately

1891:, was appointed as a court technician by Sejong in 1423. Upon giving Jang a government position and funding for his inventions, officials protested, believing a person from the lower classes should not rise to power among nobles. Sejong instead believed he merited support because of his ability. 1620:

regards austerity as a virtue, and yet made a lavish burial for his parents.' Generally speaking, a minister's duty is to serve his superior with honesty and not to tolerate deceit. However, people all around the world worship the Buddha and serve spirits at their houses, yet reproach others for

2418:

but was in too much pain to do so. Sejong said: "My waist and back are stiff and immobile, so it is hard to bend or straighten." There is speculation that he had diabetes, but there is inadequate evidence for a modern medical diagnosis. There is also an account of Sejong's having a disease that

2341:

as many disapproved of the idea of a common writing system, with some openly opposing its creation. Many within the nobility believed that giving the peasants the ability to read and write would allow them to find and abuse loopholes within the law. Others felt that hangul would threaten their

1849:. The institute was responsible for conducting scientific research with the purpose of advancing the country's technology. The Hall of Worthies was designed to host Joseon's best and brightest thinkers, with the government offering grants and scholarships to encourage young scholars to attend. 2509:. As predicted, Munjong died two years after his ascension, and the political stability enjoyed in the past decades disintegrated when Danjong became the sixth king of Joseon at the age of twelve. Eventually, Sejong's second son, Grand Prince Suyang (later known as 8584:

Only the crown princes that didn't become the king were listed; the former year indicates when one officially became the heir and the latter one is that when one died/deposed. Those who ascended to the throne were excluded in the list for

2209:

Sejong's contribution to the arts continued long after his death; he had always wanted to use Korean music rather than Chinese music for ancestral rituals, but conservative court officials stopped his efforts. However, when Sejong's son,

1600:, in mourning for Queen Soheon, a devout Buddhist. Sejong advocated the project—despite fierce opposition from his courtiers—and expressed his disapproval for those who enjoy the ideals of Buddhism yet scold others for being the same. 2413:

remarked that Sejong had always found it hard to eat without meat since he was a child. Sejong also started having musculoskeletal pain at the age of 22. One day he was supposed to organize a farewell party for the emissaries to the

1705:) was a bronze coin, backed by a silver standard, with 150 coins being equal to 600 grams of silver. However, production ceased in 1425 due to high manufacturing costs, as the exchange rate dropped below the coin's intrinsic value. 2092:

It is said that once, when the palace had a significant surplus of food, the king distributed it to poor peasants who needed it. Otherwise the state maintained a permanent grain dole, that existed since the days of Unified Silla.

1946:), Yeongjo wanted to revive the glorious times of Sejong the Great, and started reading chronicles from that era. When he came across the mention of a rain gauge, Yeongjo ordered a reproduction. Since there is a mark of the 1497:) until his death. Sejong did not challenge Taejong's authority and deferred to his father during this period. Perpetually wary of royal authority falling in thrall to the queen's clan, Taejong had Sejong's father-in-law, 2000:

of the Chinese capital. He had his astronomers create a calendar with the Joseon capital of Hanseong as the primary meridian. This new system allowed Joseon astronomers to accurately predict the timing of solar and lunar

1792:

victims (146 Chinese and 8 Koreans) were also freed. A truce was made in July 1419 and the Joseon army returned to the Korean Peninsula, but no official documents were signed until 1443. In this agreement, known as the

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They later devised three different systems for writing Korean with Chinese characters: Hyangchal, Gukyeol and Idu. These systems were similar to those developed later in Japan and were probably used as models by the

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Sejong suffered from eye diseases and deteriorating vision and likely had health issues linked to excessive meat consumption all throughout his life. Sejong's love for meat is clear from a comment by King Emeritus

1728:

King Sejong was an effective military planner and created various military regulations to strengthen the safety of his kingdom. During his reign great technological advancements were made in the manufacture of

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On 9 September 1418, Chungnyeong ascended the throne as King Sejong, following Taejong's abdication. However, Taejong retained military power and continued to make major political decisions as king emeritus

5608: 1776:, gunpowder usage, and specifications of the guns. The publication of this book is considered a remarkable achievement that marked a new era in the manufacture of artillery during the Joseon Dynasty. 1673:

system, with cloth, grain, and cotton being the most common forms of currency. In 1423, under King Sejong’s administration, the government attempted to introduce a national currency modeled after the

8640: 2388: 1342:, encouraged advancements in science and technology, and introduced measures to stimulate economic growth. He launched military campaigns to the north and implemented a relocation policy ( 2541:

Sejong the Great is considered one of the most influential monarchs in Korean history, with the creation of Hangul considered his greatest legacy. Sejong is widely renowned in modern-day

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In order to provide equality and fairness in taxation for the common people, Sejong issued a royal decree to administer a nationwide public opinion poll regarding a new tax system called

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period, monks wielded strong political and economic influence. However, in Joseon, Buddhism was considered a false philosophy and the monks were viewed as corrupted by power and money.

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Song, Ho-jung; Jeon, Deog-jae; Lim, Ki-hwan; Kim, In-ho; Lee, Kang-hahn; Choi, E-don; Chung, Yeon-sik; Suh, Young-hee; Chun, Woo-yong; Hahn, Monica; Chung, Chang-hyun (2019).

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were implicated in a plot to restore his nephew, Sejo abolished the Hall of Worthies and executed Danjong along with several ministers who served during Sejong's reign.

1501:, executed on charges of treason. Other members of the queen's family were exiled or made commoners, which left Queen Soheon politically isolated and unable to protest. 8780: 8749: 2557:

evaluates the reign of Sejong "the most shining period of the history of our people." Sejong's creation of the Korean alphabet is celebrated every 9th of October as

7453: 8790: 8770: 8990: 8795: 8785: 8857: 8706: 8701: 2367:. Its spread and preservation can be largely attributed to three main factors: books published for women, its use by Buddhist monks, and the introduction of 1421: 8862: 8696: 8711: 2616:

in Seoul. The pedestal contains one of the several entrances to the 3,200 m underground museum exhibit entitled "The Story of King Sejong". In 2007, the

2608:, unveiled in 2009 in celebration of the 563rd anniversary of the invention of the Korean alphabet, now sits on a concrete pedestal on the boulevard of 2085:

in 1430. Over the course of five months, the poll surveyed 172,806 people, of which approximately 57% responded with approval for the proposed reform.

2044:), which historian Kim Yong-sik says represents "the Koreans' efforts to develop their own system of medical knowledge, distinct from that of China". 8647: 7226: 6232: 6138: 7199: 7144: 7075: 7024: 6973: 6922: 6871: 6820: 6769: 6718: 6667: 6616: 6559: 6502: 6447: 4226: 2078:

after childbirth, which, in 1430, was lengthened by one month before childbirth. In 1434, he also granted the husbands 30 days of paternity leave.

6172: 5350:[Seol Min-seok of 'No Way I'm an Adult', 'King Sejong the Great, the No. 1 listener'…I never thought history could be this interesting!]. 2703:

pressure and extortion" was strengthened during Sejong's reign, and that all of Sejong's policies were directed for the "benefit of the feudalist

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long after Sejong’s death. Hangul was often treated with contempt by those in power and received criticism in the form of nicknames, including

1596:), a 24-volume Korean-language biography of Buddha translated from Chinese Buddhist texts, was commissioned and published in Sejong's reign by 7439: 6062: 3770: 7809: 5872:"Dead Bodies in the Postwar Discourse of Identity in Seventeenth-Century Korea: Subversion and Literary Production in the Private Sector" 1472:, they gave an indirect response: "The father knows his sons best, as the king knows his subjects best." Taejong judged his second son, 7392: 7353: 3833: 2501:). Sejong was concerned that sickly Munjong would die early and leave his vulnerable young son to reign, so he asked scholars from the 6284:해군은 또 "세종대왕은 국민적 호감도가 가장 높은 인물"이라며 "향후 항모를 보유하게 된다면 이미 대형 상륙함에 독도함 등이 함명으로 사용되는 만큼, '고구려', '발해' 같은 웅대한 대륙국가의 이름이 사용될 수도 있을 것"이라고 설명했다. 2461: 1192: 236: 7927: 2313: 6396: 2617: 2268: 1628: 1469: 2668:

bill the following year. Both bills were decommissioned in 1962. Sejong's portrait returned with the introduction of the 10,000-

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Those who were listed were not reigning monarchs but posthumously recognized; the year following means the year of recognition.

4675: 1977:. This printing press was said to be twice as fast as the previous model and was composed of copper-zinc and lead-tin alloys. 9040: 7831: 7654: 7620: 7590: 7485: 7376: 7316: 5788: 5501: 4307: 9075: 9050: 8594:

The title given to the biological father, who never reigned, of the kings who were adopted as the heir to a precedent king.

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In 1428, Sejong ordered the printing of one thousand copies of a "farmer's handbook". The following year, he published the

1315:

retained vast powers, most notably absolute executive and military power, and continued to govern until his death in 1422.

7339: 7292: 7259: 8469: 8213: 7895: 6889:[The King asks permission from the Royal Secretariat to publish Buddhist texts for the queen but is rejected.]. 6577:[Discussion on sending a Chinese person who knows the situation when Park Sil's army was defeated at Tsushima]. 2605: 1954:(r. 1735–96), dated 1770, this Korean-designed rain gauge is sometimes misunderstood as having been imported from China. 6520:[Yi Won advises that it is not advantageous to send the recently returned navy back to attack Tsushima again]. 5096: 2342:

families’ positions in court by creating a larger pool of civil servants. The Joseon elite continued to use the Chinese

1760:

None of these had yet reached a satisfactory level for Sejong. In the 26th year of his reign, he had the cannon foundry

1311:; a few months later, Taejong voluntarily abdicated the throne in Sejong's favor. In the early years of Sejong's reign, 5762: 5270: 4540: 6019: 2131:. Together they composed over two hundred musical arrangements. Sejong’s independent musical compositions include the 1806:

was allowed to serve as a diplomatic intermediary between Korea and Japan, as well as receive exclusive trade rights.

9085: 7556: 6940:[Sejong And Officials Discuss Welcoming Emissary From Ming China As Sejong and Crown Prince Are Both Sick]. 5667: 5562: 5535: 5480: 4974: 4947: 4768: 4098: 2771: 2753: 2675: 1768:

cannon with outstanding performance, and in the following year, he undertook a complete overhaul of the cannon. The

9055: 8633: 4090: 2621: 17: 7645:. Understanding Korea. Vol. 10. Translated by Kane, Daniel; An, Jong-Chol; Seide, Keith. Republic of Korea: 5166: 3954: 3809: 5439: 1920:

This model has not survived, with the oldest existing Korean rain gauge being made in 1770, during the reign of

468:: Great King Jangheon with Cultured Sagacity, Martial Wisdom, Excellent Benevolence,and Brilliant Filial Piety ( 7853: 7334: 7287: 7266: 5144: 2554: 2373: 860: 788: 718: 648: 9070: 9060: 8231: 7842: 6252: 6158: 6067: 5848: 5192: 4892: 4701: 2573: 1185: 9090: 7839: 2219: 1779:

In June 1419, under the advice and guidance of his father, Sejong ordered the third and last occupation of

1772:(총통등록, 銃筒謄錄) compiled and published in the 30th year his reign, was an illustrated book that described the 1712:

records, previously managed by various government offices, and placed them under the administration of the

2627:, further explaining that Sejong's name was chosen as he was the most beloved figure among South Koreans. 2009: 1817:. The military campaign captured several fortresses, pushed north, and expanded Korean territory, to the 6634:[Sejong Asks King Emeritus Whether To Impeach Yi Bal et al. For Currying Favor With Criminal]. 9080: 8243: 7729: 7347: 6366: 6180: 6085: 5706: 3920: 3838: 3738: 2646:, along with various scientific tools invented under his reign. Sejong was first portrayed in the 1000- 2597: 1578:

At the same time, Sejong sought to alleviate religious tensions between Confucianism and Buddhism. The

1268:. He is regarded as one of the greatest rulers in Korean history, and is remembered as the inventor of 67: 6210: 4869: 4586: 9065: 9025: 8350: 7878: 7824: 7709: 7646: 5414: 4067: 3350:

other respectfully, Taejong had the queen's father executed, and Sejong dutifully consented to this.

2744: 2695: 2549:, Sejong was nominated as the second most respected figure by South Koreans, only to be surpassed by 892: 9045: 8894: 2711:

reported that Sejong the Great greatly contributed to Korean science during his reign of 30 years.

1713: 1650: 1426: 1178: 7611:

Paek, Okkyoung; Cho, Jihyung; Ham, Dongju; Jung, Byungjoon; Lee, Hyunsook; Sohn, Jungsook (2011).

8964: 8727: 8219: 7885: 7868: 6039: 4231: 2334:, explaining what the letters are as well as the philosophical theories and motives behind them. 1505: 1460: 1304: 161: 78: 35: 7601: 8739: 8334: 8279: 7998: 6361: 6316: 3874: 3815: 3798: 3743: 2514: 1810: 1473: 7496: 5376: 5260: 5018:"Reviewed work: King Sejong the Great: The Light of 15th Century Korea., Young-Key Kim-Renaud" 4964: 4933: 1661:), and worship like everyone else. No further records of Muslims exist during the Joseon era. 1621:

their worshipping of the very Gods and spirits they revere; I find this highly reprehensible.

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The exact location of Junsubang is unknown. Old maps suggest it was outside the west gate of

4076: 4023: 2589: 2368: 2278: 1051: 874: 802: 732: 662: 7461:. Studies in Linguistic Sciences. Vol. 30. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. 2451:), but terminology of the 15th century Korean traditional medicine does not translate well. 9035: 9030: 8910: 8775: 8255: 8249: 8135: 8091: 8072: 7986: 7817: 7250: 6237: 6143: 5219: 3420: 2364: 2214:, rose to the throne, he modified the ritual music composed by his father and created the ' 1504:

Despite inheriting significantly strengthened royal authority, Sejong did not suppress the

1101: 1031: 1001: 4581: 1653:. The Huihui were forced to abandon their headgear, close down their "ceremonial hall" (a 8: 8841: 8316: 8304: 8273: 8237: 8165: 8123: 8065: 8023: 6267: 5294:

of King Sejong the Great and Thoughts on Taxation: From the Perspective of Tax Law].

4814: 2707:". Contrastingly, in a column from its December 15, 2001 issue, North Korean news outlet 2585: 2460:

calendar, at the residence of Grand Prince Young-eung at the age of 52. He was buried at

2402: 1597: 1319: 1151: 1081: 991: 921: 580: 7231:[A Study on King Sejong's Amicable Consciousness of Confucianism and Buddhism]. 7162:[Sejo Abolishes Hall Of Worthies And Daily Lessons, Moves Books To Yemungwan]. 6297: 5843: 5496: 5375:

Shin, Michael D.; Injae, Lee; Miller, Owen; Jinhoon, Park; Hyun-Jae, Yi (29 June 2017).

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Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Westen Cultures

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continues to be a standard piece played by modern traditional Korean orchestras, while

1925: 1604:上謂承政院曰孟子言 '墨子以薄爲道, 而葬其親厚'。大抵臣子之道, 宜以直事上, 不可容其詐。然世人在家, 奉佛事神, 靡所不至, 及對人, 反以神佛爲非, 予甚惡之。 1141: 1011: 4611: 2328:

Hangul was completed in 1443 and published in 1446 along with a 33-page manual titled

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King Sejong profoundly affected Korea's history with the creation and introduction of

8980: 8310: 8267: 8261: 8147: 8141: 8129: 8117: 8047: 8041: 8029: 7992: 7719: 7702: 7650: 7616: 7586: 7552: 7527: 7481: 7462: 7426: 7372: 7312: 5903: 5663: 5558: 5531: 5476: 5396: 5303: 5266: 5186: 5049: 4991: 4970: 4943: 4939: 4886: 4764: 4695: 4536: 3989: 3616: 3375: 3209: 3006: 2927: 2739: 2648: 2635: 2609: 2601: 2506: 2498: 2487: 2410: 2406: 2398: 2290: 2203: 1921: 1448: 1414: 1402: 1362: 1312: 1296: 1121: 1111: 1091: 1071: 961: 951: 931: 560: 300: 284: 244: 171: 131: 121: 111: 7615:. Seoul: Korean Cultural Research Institute of Ewha Woman's University: Jimoondang. 7409:

Coulmas, Florian (2000). "The Korean Alphabet: Its History and Structure (review)".

5686:(2nd ed.). Korean Spirit & Culture Promotion Project. 2009. pp. 28–35. 4302: 2218:

court music', which was used for royal ancestral rituals and is now inscribed as an

1409:). While records of Yi's childhood are scarce, it is known that Yi was born outside 8825: 8610: 8406: 8196: 8097: 8085: 8059: 7873: 7803: 7519: 7438:

Borwn, Lucien; Yeon, Jaehoon (eds.). "Linguistic Emblems of South Korean Society".

7418: 7240: 7157: 7100: 7037: 6986: 6935: 6884: 6833: 6782: 6731: 6680: 6629: 6572: 6515: 6405: 5883: 5388: 5227: 5029: 4208: 4200: 3846: 3284: 2670: 2657: 2643: 2534: 2502: 2436: 2263: 1985: 1951: 1846: 1793: 1323: 1041: 1021: 981: 585: 5813:"Western Protestant Missionaries and the Origins of Korean Language Modernization" 4906: 4116:

At the time, the residence was also called the Eastern Detached Palace (동별궁; 東別宮;

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writing system, and saw its first use in official government documents. After the

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Concise History of the Language Sciences: From the Sumerians to the Cognitivists

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11. Lady Shin of the Saknyeong Shin clan, Grand Princess Consort of Samhan State

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slabs hung on a decorative wooden frame with a 16-tone range and struck with an

1788: 1355: 8954: 8765: 8656: 8613:, while the former Korean emperors were given nobility title "King Yi" instead. 8111: 8053: 7890: 7767: 7327: 7280: 7271: 6787:[King Instructs Royal Secretariat To Reduce Work Due To Eye Disease]. 5729: 5392: 5139: 4839: 4785: 4061: 3931: 3823: 3399: 2510: 2330: 2245: 2231: 2211: 2075: 1974: 1878: 1854: 1834: 1814: 1638: 1580: 1061: 971: 538: 305: 42: 7311:] (in Korean) (9th ed.). Seoul : Sejong the Great Memorial Society . 7245: 5033: 4196: 1802:

of Tsushima was obliged to pay tribute to the Joseon monarch, and in turn the

1398: 1354:), establishing settlements in the newly conquered areas. He also ordered the 9019: 8397: 7915: 7531: 7466: 7430: 5400: 5307: 4556: 4212: 4134: 4006: 3885: 3868: 3854: 2693:, Sejong is not as widely commemorated compared to the South. Vol. 16 of the 2613: 2593: 2530: 2525: 2161: 1842: 1818: 1689: 1608: 1410: 816: 434: 97: 6736:[Discussing the delegation of the royal hunt to the Crown Prince]. 8455: 7743: 7603:

Sources of Korean Tradition: From Early Times through the Sixteenth Century

5639: 4616: 4250: 4017: 3601: 3354: 2704: 2661: 2546: 2479: 2415: 1947: 1674: 1646: 1530: 1432: 1308: 483: 351: 261: 139: 8625: 7786: 7508:"Problems and Possibilities in the Study of the History of Korean Science" 6460: 4715: 4472: 4470: 4468: 4466: 2127:

One of Sejong’s closest friends and mentors was the 15th century musician

1988:

first made by the scientist Jang Yeong-sil during the reign of King Sejong

1841:

Sejong promoted the sciences. In 1420, Sejong created an institute within

8560: 7959: 7951: 7847: 7755: 7673: 7566:——— (2000). "Sejong's theory of literacy and writing". 7422: 7300: 5970: 5958: 5946: 5635: 4655: 4528: 4400: 4031: 3983: 3902: 3861: 3792: 3002: 2892: 2690: 2577: 2542: 2491: 2273: 2194:. The Pyeongyeong is a percussion instrument consisting of two rows of 8 1980: 1563: 550: 505: 248: 196: 31: 6410:[Yangnyeong Is Deposed And Chungnyeong Becomes Heir Apparent]. 6040:"한국인이 좋아하는 50가지 [사람1편] - 역대대통령/기업인/존경하는인물/소설가/스포츠선수 (2004-2024)" 5982: 5910: 5828: 5812: 2584:

administrative capital, are named after him. Various institutes such as

2012:, two important treatises were written during his reign. These were the 8545: 8374: 6112:"(Yonhap Interview) King Sejong Institute seeks more overseas branches" 5934: 5895: 5871: 5041: 5017: 4463: 4347: 4000: 3948: 2817: 2712: 2558: 2550: 2401:. When Sejong stopped eating fish and meat to mourn after the death of 2294: 2185: 1895: 1361:

From 1439, he became increasingly ill and his eldest son, Crown Prince

7539: 7507: 6063:"Oct. 9-Hangul Day: A Democratic alphabet created for Korean commoner" 5922: 4253:

book on farming which was exported to Korea during the Goryeo dynasty.

4189: 2325:(which initially had 28 letters, four of which are no longer in use). 1803: 865: 850: 847: 793: 778: 775: 723: 708: 705: 653: 638: 635: 5994: 5444: 5377:"Korean History in Maps: From Prehistory to the Twenty-First Century" 4335: 2700: 2679: 2318: 2301: 1997: 1730: 1572: 5887: 5324:[The heyday of Korean traditional science, the Sejong era]. 5232: 5207: 4323: 2119:("Dictionary of Proper Sino-Korean Pronunciation"; September 1447). 1829: 1741:(완구, 碗口), first built in 1407 and 1418, were improved upon, and the 1669:

In the early years of the Joseon dynasty, the economy operated on a

7943: 7774: 7523: 7181: 6484: 6429: 3485: 2683: 2642:

A portrait of Sejong is featured on the 10,000 won banknote of the

2565: 2240: 2190: 2128: 2115:("Songs of the Moon Shining on a Thousand Rivers"; July 1447), and 1900: 1894:

In 1442, Jang Yeong-sil made one of the world's first standardized

1534: 1833:

A modern reconstruction and scaled down model of Jang Yeong-sil's

8605: 8539: 8518: 7452:

Chin W., Kim, ed. (2000). "The Legacy of King Sejong the Great".

7042:[Yi Seon et al. Go To Beijing And Request Temple Name]. 6241:. 26 September 2009. Archived from the original on 11 April 2013. 6147:. October 10, 2009. Archived from the original on April 11, 2013. 4120:); today, it is known as the Andong Detached Palace (안동별궁; 安洞別宮; 2338: 2307: 2002: 1888: 1773: 1734: 1658: 1642: 1613: 1498: 1435:. In 1412, Yi To was granted the title Grand Prince Chungnyeong ( 545: 533: 5091: 5062: 2630: 8498: 7909: 7551:. Washington, D.C: International Circle of Korean Linguistics. 7477:

The Land of Scholars: Two Thousand Years of Korean Confucianism

6426:

Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty: Annals of King Taejong

2749:

Convert to family tree chart, convert dates to Gregorian, cite.

2715:

is also celebrated in North Korea, albeit on a different date.

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