3578:
444:, i.e. "the interpretation of the mind and will of him who made the law". In this case, the ecclesiastical laws (e.g. prohibition of consecrations of bishops without papal mandate; prohibition of administration of sacraments without ecclesiastical authorization) are interpreted to cease when to follow them would be impossible, harmful, or unreasonable, or would mean transgressing divine laws (e.g. the church must have bishops and priests; Catholics must attend Mass and receive the sacraments), and because of a historical precedent for consecrating Catholic bishops during a long vacancy of the Holy See.
3616:
3606:
3566:
549:
27:
334:
789:
124:
3626:
3596:
214:
534:
There are estimated to be between several tens of thousands and more than two hundred thousand sedevacantists worldwide, mostly concentrated in the United States, Mexico, Canada, France, the United
Kingdom, Italy and Australia, but the actual size of the sedevacantist movement has never been
535:
accurately assessed. It remains extremely difficult to establish the size of the movement for a wide range of reasons, such as the fact that not all sedevacantists identify themselves as such, nor do they necessarily adhere to sedevacantist groups or societies.
295:
of the
Catholic Church could not have decreed the changes made in the name of the Second Vatican Council, and conclude that those who issued these changes could not have been acting with the authority of the Catholic Church. Accordingly, they hold that
272:, promulgated on 3 April 1969, undermine or conflict with the historical Catholic faith and are deemed blasphemous, while post-Vatican II teachings, particularly those related to ecumenism, are labelled
435:
Some sedevacantists accept the consecrations and ordinations of sedevacantist bishops and priests, and the offering of Masses and the administration of sacraments by the said bishops and priests, to be
1813:
Heller, Eberhard. AFFIDAVIT DECLARING THE EPISCOPAL CONSECRATIONS OF THEIR EXCELLENCIES BISHOP M. L. GUERARD DES LAURIERS, BISHOP MOISÉS CARMONA AND BISHOP ADOLFO ZAMORA. 14 February 1992. In
949:
and Adolfo Zamora as bishops. Carmona and Zamora had been sedevacantist leaders and propagators in Mexico for many years, and were among the priests who formed the
Tridentine Catholic Union.
1169:
1071:(Institute of the Mother of Good Counsel; IMBC), formed in 1985 when four Italian priests of the Society of Saint Pius X split from the organization. It holds to the position of
2371:
1053:
split from the organization over a number of issues including using the liturgical reforms implemented under Pope John XXIII. It operates in North
America, is based in
180:, which means "the chair being vacant". The phrase is commonly used to refer specifically to a vacancy of the Holy See which takes place from the Pope's death or
2113:
2143:
260:, among others, which they see as contradicting the traditional teachings of the Catholic Church and as denying the unique mission of Catholicism as the
1814:
1797:
191:
The number of sedevacantists is unknown and difficult to measure; estimates range from tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands. Various fractions of
2663:
355:
348:
859:, provided that, with the intention to do what the church does, he uses a rite of ordination or consecration considered valid by the Catholic Church.
799:
3003:
3519:
1629:, vol. 1, p. 168. "Law need not be fulfilled even by a subject, if it has become impossible, or harmful, or unreasonable, or useless in general"
2054:
2016:
1958:
2330:
2153:
1574:
1863:
2041:
1545:
903:, though not a sedevacantist, at least not a public one, associated himself with sedevacantist priests and consecrated a bishop for them.
872:
The only known
Catholic bishop consecrated before the Second Vatican Council who publicly became sedevacantist was Vietnamese Archbishop
1988:
301:
3514:
3473:
398:
2106:
954:
370:
989:
637:(CMRI), from which he was expelled in 1984. He later established a new sect called Traditional Latin Rite Catholic Church (TLRCC).
2399:
161:
is vacant. Sedevacantism owes its origins to the rejection of the theological and disciplinary changes implemented following the
2079:
2067:
690:
2693:
2355:
1705:
1697:
845:
437:
147:
377:
2812:
2381:
1032:
634:
91:
2996:
2668:
935:
709:
498:
63:
3433:
2389:
2099:
1005:
477:('together with Thy Servant N., our Pope')). Anthony Cekada argues that it is not, under any circumstances, permissible.
384:
2688:
2340:
2325:
2172:
1466:
1442:
1416:
1343:
1313:
1289:
1256:
1212:
848:
618:
287:
Traditionalist
Catholics other than sedevacantists recognize as legitimate the line of popes leading to and including
248:
Sedevacantism owes its origins to the rejection of the theological and disciplinary changes implemented following the
3629:
2931:
2320:
1776:
958:
852:
828:
596:
417:
110:
70:
578:
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2757:
2658:
2469:
2217:
697:
523:
366:
313:
2989:
988:
There are two sedevacantist bishops who descend from Bishop Méndez through Bishop Kelly. Both are bishops of the
924:
3421:
2350:
2335:
1514:
1490:
1371:
927:, future head of the Palmarian Church, and the very numerous episcopal consecrations within this organization.
856:
574:
570:
461:
masses (Traditional Latin Masses where the name of the person considered by
Catholics as Pope is spoken in the
77:
48:
44:
1008:. Carlos Duarte Costa was not a sedevacantist, and instead questioned the papacy as an institution: he denied
3478:
3460:
2534:
2307:
2252:
742:, reportedly sedevacantists in the 1970s, who were expelled, along with several other priests, by Archbishop
317:
273:
195:
among sedevacantists have proceeded to end the perceived vacancy in the Holy See by electing their own pope.
154:
2587:
3416:
2962:
2890:
2752:
2597:
1940:
1655:
1066:
651:
648:
bishop who converted to sedevacantism and an associate of
Schuckardt, he later reverted to Old Catholicism.
517:
2449:
2058:
1604:
252:(1962–1965). Sedevacantists reject this Council, on the basis of their interpretation of its documents on
59:
3619:
3589:
3499:
3267:
2723:
2414:
2345:
2239:
1248:
766:, an American missionary priest who left the Catholic Church in 1976 and in 1998 was elected pope of the
265:
3545:
3535:
3355:
3350:
3302:
3231:
2926:
2865:
2817:
2539:
2122:
1159:
1154:
1121:
1104:
1084:
2718:
1839:
985:(SSPV) to the episcopacy. By Méndez's wish, the consecration was kept secret until his death in 1995.
974:
892:
3330:
2936:
2312:
2045:
1054:
920:
919:
or from bishops of Thục's lineage. Many bishops in the "Thục line" are part of the non-sedevacantist
300:
and his successors left the true
Catholic Church and thus lost legitimate authority in the church. A
2602:
2032:
916:
873:
391:
3609:
3335:
3124:
2275:
2223:
1204:
1035:(CMRI), formed in 1967. It operates in North America, South America, Europe, and Asia; is based in
1000:
A considerable number of sedevacantist bishops are thought to derive their holy orders from Bishop
559:
281:
2683:
280:
and of postconciliar church teaching as false, that the popes involved are also false. Among even
3159:
3084:
2829:
2653:
2196:
1144:
1050:
1046:
982:
747:
727:
563:
344:
135:
37:
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1643:
1408:
1402:
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3012:
2409:
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1385:
626:
249:
162:
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1432:
1281:
1275:
1198:
3509:
3439:
3140:
2159:
2028:
1798:"Notification by the Vatican (L'Osservatore Romano, English Edition, 18 April 1983, Page 12)"
1333:
1242:
720:
490:
3453:
2544:
3504:
3282:
2582:
2529:
2524:
2479:
2188:
1271:
1115:
970:
896:
771:
696:
Francis E. Fenton, an
American priest who was inspired by Sáenz's writings and founded the
84:
2499:
1768:
The Pope, the Council, and the Mass: Answers to Questions the "Traditionalists" Have Asked
8:
3582:
3108:
2957:
2464:
2181:
1959:"Obituary of The Most Reverend Clarence J. Kelly | Dufresne & Cavanaugh Funeral Home"
1009:
1001:
763:
257:
3257:
1676:
760:
priest who was a sedevacantist by at least 1982, and reportedly some time prior to that.
227:
Please expand the section to include this information. Further details may exist on the
3570:
3226:
3175:
2895:
2489:
2246:
2230:
1099:(Priestly Society of Trent; SST), formed in 1993 by the priests of the deceased Bishop
1017:
810:
806:
716:
614:
494:
228:
181:
3262:
1739:
511:', and that the post-Vatican II popes will become pope if they recant their heresies.
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3320:
2514:
2454:
2083:
2071:
1772:
1510:
1486:
1462:
1438:
1412:
1367:
1339:
1309:
1285:
1252:
1208:
841:
501:
as being a valid position, which states that John XXIII and his successors are popes
455:
considers that a question among sedevacantists is whether it is permissible to go to
261:
3236:
2855:
2592:
1114:. It consists of Sanborn, his priests, and some of his seminarians, and is based in
1100:
946:
676:
3391:
3297:
3277:
3100:
2737:
1238:
1194:
1134:
1072:
931:
658:
486:
2459:
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3057:
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2713:
2504:
2439:
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1234:
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939:
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641:
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297:
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269:
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2404:
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1639:
1600:
1359:
1111:
1058:
1040:
978:
739:
735:
452:
185:
1887:
1875:
1752:
1507:
The End of the World As We Know It: Faith, Fatalism, and Apocalypse in America
3646:
3427:
3386:
3325:
3272:
3167:
3041:
2875:
2474:
2091:
1080:
881:
723:
in the 1970s. He was illicitly consecrated a Bishop in 1981 by Ngô Đình Thục.
1459:
The Rule of Benedict: Pope Benedict XVI and His Battle with the Modern World
629:
was no longer the Catholic Church. He was illicitly consecrated a Bishop by
3550:
3467:
3381:
3287:
3210:
2870:
2845:
2166:
1864:
Photographs and documentation of the episcopal consecration of Bishop Kelly
753:
750:(SSPV) in 1983. Dolan and Sanborn were later illicitly consecrated Bishops.
731:
645:
508:
288:
175:
877:
2981:
2549:
2494:
2280:
1149:
900:
462:
292:
158:
1016:. In further contrast to most Catholic traditionalism, Duarte Costa was
3049:
2909:
2394:
1139:
945:
On 17 October 1981, Thục consecrated the sedevacantist Mexican priests
912:
767:
661:
priest and theologian who put forward sedevacantist ideas in his books
312:
While sedevacantists' arguments often hinge on their interpretation of
192:
1840:"Tradicionalismo católico postconciliar y ultraderecha en Guadalajara"
3132:
2822:
2646:
1364:
More Catholic Than the Pope: An Inside Look at Extreme Traditionalism
1076:
253:
548:
333:
26:
3565:
2419:
2356:
Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (Still River, Massachusetts)
1829:
M.L. Guérard des Lauriers, Dimensions de la Foi, Paris: Cerf, 1952.
1735:
1277:
Catholic Matters: Confusion, Controversy, and the Splendor of Truth
1170:
List of movements that dispute the legitimacy of a reigning monarch
1164:
622:
143:
139:
1989:"Die "Lehre" vom leeren Papststuhl: Die Welt des Sedisvakantismus"
961:
for these consecrations and for his declaration of Sedevacantism.
3446:
885:
757:
2694:
Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (Richmond, New Hampshire)
1616:
Rev. Henry Davis. "Moral and Pastoral Theology", vol. 1, p. 188.
671:(1973). His writings gave rise to the sedevacantist movement in
213:
2024:
1124:(MHFM), a traditional Catholic monastery in Fillmore, New York.
995:
746:
for holding this view. Nine of these priests later founded the
713:
672:
655:
225:
about who, when and in what circumstances started the movement.
123:
1888:
Video of the episcopal Consecration of Bp. James Carroll, CSPV
1088:
2372:
Personal Apostolic Administration of Saint John Mary Vianney
911:
The "Thục line" bishops designates bishops who derive their
150:
1916:, Apocryphile Press, Berkeley CA, 2018, pp. 64–69, 236–44.
1308:(2nd ed.). Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. p. 399.
1110:
Roman Catholic Institute (RCI), founded in 1993 by Bishop
2088:(concerning strict sedevacantists as well as conclavists)
1644:"The Grain of Incense: Sedevacantists and Una Cum Masses"
1049:(SSPV), formed in 1983 when nine American priests of the
689:); Carmona was illicitly consecrated a Bishop in 1981 by
625:
was vacant and that the church that had emerged from the
268:. They also say that new disciplinary norms, such as the
3515:
Theology of Pope Benedict XVI § Continuity of Vatican II
2017:"Is That Chair Vacant?: A SSPX Dossier on Sedevacantism"
1938:
A more comprehensive list of objections can be found at
1876:
Video of the episcopal consecration of Bp. Joseph Santay
276:. They conclude, on the basis of their rejection of the
621:, until he publicly took the position in 1967 that the
1723:
Sede Vacante: the Life and Legacy of Archbishop Thuc,
1530:
Sede Vacante: the Life and Legacy of Archbishop Thuc,
1389:
Sede Vacante: the Life and Legacy of Archbishop Thuc,
291:. Sedevacantists, however, claim that the infallible
16:
Belief that the Catholic Church no longer has a pope
2144:
Preconciliar rites after the Second Vatican Council
480:
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1764:
1532:Apocryphile Press, Berkeley CA, 2018, pp. 152–53.
876:(consecrated in 1938), former Vicar Apostolic of
323:
3644:
1335:Historical Dictionary of New Religious Movements
1094:
923:; this is due to Thục having consecrated Bishop
867:
1927:God, Land & Freedom: the True Story of ICAB
1914:God, Land & Freedom: the True Story of ICAB
1901:God, Land & Freedom: the True Story of ICAB
1792:
1790:
1788:
1765:Likoudis, James; Whitehead, Kenneth D. (2006).
1575:"The Consecration of Bishops During Interregna"
1391:Apocryphile Press, Berkeley CA, 2018, pp. 8–10.
1320:from tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands
430:
2121:
1941:"Letter of 'the Nine' to Abp. Marcel Lefebvre"
1929:, Apocryphile Press, Berkeley CA, 2018, p. 64.
1200:Being Right: Conservative Catholics in America
2997:
2331:Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest
2154:List of communities using the Tridentine Mass
2107:
1569:
1567:
1540:
1538:
1338:(2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. p. 99.
701:
680:
138:movement which holds that since the death of
1809:
1807:
1785:
1546:"Episcopal Consecration During Interregnums"
1480:
1233:
996:Whose lineages derive from earlier movements
3520:Catholic–Orthodox Joint Declaration of 1965
1725:Apocryphile Press, Berkeley CA, 2018, p. 9.
1579:CMRI: Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen
1550:CMRI: Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen
1485:, University of Chicago Press, p. 66,
1481:Marty, Martin E; Appleby, R. Scott (1991),
1064:
666:
609:Early proponents of sedevacantism include:
577:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
515:
502:
472:
466:
456:
173:
3011:
3004:
2990:
2114:
2100:
1564:
1535:
1358:
1331:
1057:, United States, and was headed by Bishop
778:
679:and Adolfo Zamora, priests who formed the
3474:History of the Catholic Church since 1962
1804:
1509:, New York University Press, p. 86,
1325:
1039:, United States; and is headed by Bishop
1004:, who in 1945 set up his own independent
829:Learn how and when to remove this message
597:Learn how and when to remove this message
418:Learn how and when to remove this message
304:, they say, cannot be the Catholic pope.
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
2932:Ukrainian Orthodox Greek Catholic Church
2065:
1430:
1303:
895:(consecrated in 1960), former Bishop of
862:
719:priest and theologian who developed the
157:and that, for lack of a valid pope, the
122:
2400:Latin Mass Society of England and Wales
1986:
1771:. Emmaus Road Publishing. p. 148.
1270:
1193:
938:as a bishop. Des Lauriers was a French
800:not related to the topic of the article
700:as an American parallel to the Mexican
3645:
2647:Operating with partial papal faculties
2535:Princess Elisabeth von Thurn und Taxis
2014:
1903:, Apocryphile Press, Berkeley CA, 2018
1504:
1456:
964:
354:Please improve this section by adding
266:outside of which there is no salvation
2985:
2813:Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen
2095:
1400:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1091:. Its bishop is Bishop Geert Stuyver.
1033:Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen
635:Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen
284:, this is a quite divisive question.
153:due to their espousal of one or more
3595:
2321:Canons Regular of Saint John Cantius
2052:
2039:
1434:Historical Dictionary of Catholicism
1306:Historical dictionary of Catholicism
930:On 7 May 1981, Thục consecrated the
906:
782:
575:adding citations to reliable sources
542:
327:
207:
49:adding citations to reliable sources
20:
3625:
2540:Gloria, Princess of Thurn and Taxis
2390:Canons Regular of the New Jerusalem
2015:Boulet, Dominique (December 2004).
1987:Altmann, Matthias (25 April 2024).
1366:, Our Sunday Visitor, p. 169,
1006:Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church
538:
13:
2689:Priestly Society of Saint Josaphat
2341:Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter
2326:Fraternity of Saint Vincent Ferrer
1980:
1823:
1758:
1424:
1220:
1182:
617:, an American who was part of the
474:"una cum famulo tuo Papa nostro N"
14:
3664:
1061:until his death in December 2023.
936:Michel-Louis Guérard des Lauriers
710:Michel-Louis Guérard des Lauriers
514:Such position is endorsed by the
499:Michel-Louis Guérard des Lauriers
172:is derived from the Latin phrase
3624:
3615:
3614:
3605:
3604:
3594:
3576:
3564:
2758:Orthodox Roman Catholic Movement
2082:. Catholic. 2000. Archived from
2057:. Catholic Int'l. Archived from
2044:. Catholic int'l. Archived from
942:theologian and a papal advisor.
787:
726:Several American priests of the
698:Orthodox Roman Catholic Movement
547:
524:Orthodox Roman Catholic Movement
481:Relationship to sedeprivationism
332:
307:
212:
25:
3171:(Relations with non-Christians)
2066:Harrison, Father Brian (2001).
1951:
1932:
1919:
1906:
1893:
1881:
1869:
1857:
1832:
1755:. In The Catholic Encyclopedia.
1745:
1728:
1715:
1682:
1665:
1649:
1632:
1619:
1610:
1593:
1522:
1498:
1474:
1461:, Harper Collins, p. 355,
1450:
774:" with the name of "Pius XIII".
619:Blue Army of Our Lady of Fátima
504:materialiter sed non formaliter
485:In contrast to sedevacantists,
36:needs additional citations for
3422:Central Preparatory Commission
2351:Sons of the Most Holy Redeemer
2336:Institute of the Good Shepherd
1394:
1379:
1352:
1332:Chryssides, George D. (2012).
1297:
1264:
1028:Sedevacantist groups include:
977:consecrated the sedevacantist
471:prayer, where the priest says
324:Positions within sedevacantism
1:
3479:Catholic Church and ecumenism
3461:Coetus Internationalis Patrum
1820:. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
1304:Collinge, William J. (2012).
1175:
1014:pope's universal jurisdiction
868:Consecrated before Vatican II
809:or discuss this issue on the
529:
367:"Sedevacantism" ideology
356:secondary or tertiary sources
3417:Catholic ecumenical councils
2963:Rogelio del Rosario Martinez
2830:Society of Saint Pius V
2753:Istituto Mater Boni Consilii
2654:Society of Saint Pius X
2598:Bernard Tissier de Mallerais
2008:
1947:, Traditional mass, May 1983
1845:. Universidad de Guadalajara
1656:Istituto Mater Boni Consilii
1605:"Canon Law and Common Sense"
1431:Collinge, William J (2012),
1075:. It operates in Europe and
1067:Istituto Mater Boni Consilii
990:Congregation of Saint Pius V
518:Istituto Mater Boni Consilii
431:Clergy, Mass, and sacraments
198:
7:
3268:Ignatius Gabriel I Tappouni
3112:(Renewal of Religious Life)
2659:Affiliated religious orders
2415:Tradition, Family, Property
2346:Servants of the Holy Family
2240:Extra Ecclesiam nulla salus
1712:. Retrieved 29 August 2021.
1679:. Retrieved 29 August 2021.
1662:. Retrieved 29 August 2021.
1627:Moral and Pastoral Theology
1404:Encyclopedia of Catholicism
1249:University of Chicago Press
1128:
509:materially but not formally
127:The symbol of Sedevacantism
10:
3669:
3546:Palmarian Christian Church
3536:Traditionalist Catholicism
3356:Arcadio Larraona Saralegui
3351:Gregorio Pietro Agagianian
3303:Bernardus Johannes Alfrink
3232:Gregorio Pietro Agagianian
3061:(The Church and the World)
2927:Palmarian Christian Church
2818:Most Holy Family Monastery
2123:Traditionalist Catholicism
2070:. Catholic. Archived from
1437:, Scarecrow, p. 566,
1160:Traditionalist Catholicism
1155:Palmarian Christian Church
1122:Most Holy Family Monastery
1096:Sociedad Sacerdotal Trento
952:The Vatican declared Thục
925:Clemente Domínguez y Gómez
844:holds that any bishop can
447:
3559:
3528:
3492:
3409:
3374:
3331:Amleto Giovanni Cicognani
3311:
3250:
3219:
3198:
3191:
3152:
3069:
3026:
3019:
2945:
2937:Apostles of Infinite Love
2919:
2908:
2838:
2805:
2796:
2766:
2745:
2736:
2706:
2679:
2639:
2628:
2619:
2563:
2450:Louis-Marie de Blignières
2435:
2428:
2380:
2364:
2306:
2293:
2263:
2210:
2136:
2129:
1407:, Facts on File, p.
1055:Oyster Bay Cove, New York
1023:
921:Palmarian Catholic Church
884:and former Archbishop of
851:any baptized male to the
687:Tridentine Catholic Union
203:
186:election of his successor
3336:Benedetto Aloisi Masella
3126:Apostolicam actuositatem
2410:Notre-Dame de Chrétienté
2224:Pascendi Dominici gregis
1963:dufresneandcavanaugh.com
1483:Fundamentalisms Observed
1244:Fundamentalisms Observed
1205:Indiana University Press
855:, and any priest to the
663:The New Montinian Church
320:, this is also debated.
282:traditionalist Catholics
3583:Vatican City portal
3161:Gravissimum educationis
3086:Orientalium Ecclesiarum
2891:Joaquín Sáenz y Arriaga
2719:Antônio de Castro Mayer
2197:Liturgical use of Latin
1505:Wójcik, Daniel (1997),
1401:Flinn, Frank K (2007),
1145:Independent Catholicism
1103:. Its bishop is Bishop
1051:Society of Saint Pius X
1047:Society of Saint Pius V
983:Society of Saint Pius V
969:On 19 October 1993, in
893:Alfredo Méndez-Gonzalez
779:Bishops and holy orders
748:Society of Saint Pius V
728:Society of Saint Pius X
652:Joaquín Sáenz y Arriaga
136:traditionalist Catholic
3571:Catholicism portal
3120:(Formation of Priests)
3094:Unitatis redintegratio
3035:Sacrosanctum concilium
3013:Second Vatican Council
2271:Second Vatican Council
2173:Pontifical Commission
1457:Gibson, David (2007),
1362:; Vere, Peter (2004),
1095:
1065:
975:Bishop Méndez-Gonzalez
702:
681:
667:
627:Second Vatican Council
516:
503:
473:
467:
465:, specifically in the
457:
343:relies excessively on
250:Second Vatican Council
223:is missing information
174:
163:Second Vatican Council
128:
3510:Pact of the catacombs
3440:Gaudet Mater Ecclesia
3375:Other council leaders
3251:Council of Presidents
3163:(Christian Education)
3142:Presbyterorum ordinis
2866:Martín Dávila Gandara
2684:Fraternité Notre-Dame
2588:Ginés Jesús Hernández
2160:Quattuor abhinc annos
2029:Society of St. Pius X
1677:"The material Papacy"
1272:Neuhaus, Richard John
1105:Martín Dávila Gandara
863:Sedevacantist bishops
798:may contain material
721:Thesis of Cassiciacum
703:Unión Católica Trento
682:Unión Católica Trento
644:, an American former
491:Thesis of Cassiciacum
142:the occupiers of the
126:
3505:Spirit of Vatican II
3283:Enrique Pla y Deniel
2774:Guérard des Lauriers
2583:Alfonso de Galarreta
2566:but later reconciled
2530:Alexander Tschugguel
2525:Athanasius Schneider
2480:Maria-Anna Galitzine
2202:Mass of Paul VI
2189:Traditionis custodes
1116:Brooksville, Florida
971:Carlsbad, California
807:improve this section
772:True Catholic Church
571:improve this section
45:improve this article
3312:Cardinal Presidents
3179:(Religious Liberty)
3128:(Role of the Laity)
3088:(Eastern Catholics)
3053:(Divine Revelation)
2958:Lucian Pulvermacher
2664:Canonical situation
2633:of papal legitimacy
2631:public renunciation
2629:Independent, but no
2465:Charles A. Coulombe
2276:Écône consecrations
2182:Summorum Pontificum
1740:"Apostolicae curae"
1694:De Papatu Materiali
1581:. 22 September 2016
1552:. 22 September 2016
1010:papal Infallibility
1002:Carlos Duarte Costa
965:Méndez-line bishops
764:Lucian Pulvermacher
3454:Nouvelle théologie
3227:Leo Joseph Suenens
3177:Dignitatis humanae
3110:Perfectae cartatis
2896:Francis Schuckardt
2724:Richard Williamson
2545:Carlo Maria Viganò
2490:Peter Joseph Jugis
2247:Dignitatis humanae
2231:Syllabus of Errors
2053:Sungenis, Robert.
2040:Sungenis, Robert.
1945:The Roman Catholic
1751:Ahaus, H. (1911).
1625:Rev. Henry Davis.
1079:, and is based in
665:(August 1971) and
615:Francis Schuckardt
497:theologian Bishop
129:
3640:
3639:
3434:Sign of the times
3405:
3404:
3361:Giuseppe Pizzardo
3321:Alfredo Ottaviani
3187:
3186:
3144:(Role of Priests)
3104:(Role of Bishops)
2979:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2904:
2903:
2792:
2791:
2732:
2731:
2702:
2701:
2615:
2614:
2611:
2610:
2515:Roberto de Mattei
2500:Philippe Laguérie
2455:Raymond Leo Burke
2289:
2288:
1993:www.katholisch.de
1280:, Basic, p.
1239:Appleby, R. Scott
1195:Appleby, R. Scott
1012:and rejected the
973:, United States,
907:Thục line bishops
842:Catholic theology
839:
838:
831:
607:
606:
599:
487:sedeprivationists
428:
427:
420:
402:
302:notorious heretic
278:revised Mass rite
262:one true religion
258:religious liberty
246:
245:
121:
120:
113:
95:
3660:
3628:
3627:
3618:
3617:
3608:
3607:
3598:
3597:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3569:
3568:
3392:Alberto di Jorio
3298:Antonio Caggiano
3278:Francis Spellman
3258:Eugène Tisserant
3196:
3195:
3102:Christus Dominus
3037:(Sacred Liturgy)
3024:
3023:
3006:
2999:
2992:
2983:
2982:
2917:
2916:
2803:
2802:
2743:
2742:
2738:Sedeprivationist
2644:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2626:
2625:
2433:
2432:
2304:
2303:
2134:
2133:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2086:on 28 June 2011.
2075:
2074:on 28 June 2011.
2062:
2049:
2036:
2031:. Archived from
2004:
2002:
2000:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1936:
1930:
1923:
1917:
1910:
1904:
1897:
1891:
1885:
1879:
1873:
1867:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1844:
1836:
1830:
1827:
1821:
1811:
1802:
1801:
1794:
1783:
1782:
1762:
1756:
1749:
1743:
1732:
1726:
1719:
1713:
1686:
1680:
1669:
1663:
1653:
1647:
1646:. November 2007.
1636:
1630:
1623:
1617:
1614:
1608:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1571:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1542:
1533:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1398:
1392:
1383:
1377:
1376:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1235:Marty, Martin E.
1231:
1218:
1217:
1191:
1135:Sedeprivationism
1118:, United States.
1098:
1073:sedeprivationism
1070:
955:latae sententiae
932:sedeprivationist
915:from Archbishop
834:
827:
823:
820:
814:
791:
790:
783:
705:
684:
675:, led by Sáenz,
670:
633:and founded the
602:
595:
591:
588:
582:
551:
543:
539:Early proponents
521:
506:
476:
470:
460:
423:
416:
412:
409:
403:
401:
360:
336:
328:
241:
238:
232:
216:
208:
179:
116:
109:
105:
102:
96:
94:
53:
29:
21:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3658:
3657:
3643:
3642:
3641:
3636:
3577:
3575:
3563:
3555:
3524:
3488:
3484:Mass of Paul VI
3401:
3370:
3313:
3307:
3293:Ernesto Ruffini
3263:Achille Liénart
3246:
3242:Giacomo Lercaro
3215:
3183:
3148:
3065:
3059:Gaudium et spes
3015:
3010:
2980:
2967:
2953:Joseph Odermatt
2941:
2911:
2900:
2851:Daniel Q. Brown
2834:
2788:
2762:
2728:
2714:Marcel Lefebvre
2698:
2675:
2632:
2630:
2621:
2607:
2565:
2559:
2505:Taylor Marshall
2440:Mother Angelica
2424:
2376:
2360:
2311:
2299:Catholic Church
2297:
2295:
2285:
2259:
2206:
2149:Tridentine Mass
2125:
2120:
2078:
2061:on 19 May 2011.
2048:on 19 May 2011.
2035:on 2 June 2007.
2011:
1998:
1996:
1983:
1981:Further reading
1978:
1977:
1967:
1965:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1924:
1920:
1911:
1907:
1898:
1894:
1886:
1882:
1874:
1870:
1862:
1858:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1818:, February 1992
1812:
1805:
1796:
1795:
1786:
1779:
1763:
1759:
1750:
1746:
1733:
1729:
1720:
1716:
1687:
1683:
1670:
1666:
1654:
1650:
1637:
1633:
1624:
1620:
1615:
1611:
1598:
1594:
1584:
1582:
1573:
1572:
1565:
1555:
1553:
1544:
1543:
1536:
1527:
1523:
1517:
1503:
1499:
1493:
1479:
1475:
1469:
1455:
1451:
1445:
1429:
1425:
1419:
1399:
1395:
1384:
1380:
1374:
1360:Madrid, Patrick
1357:
1353:
1346:
1330:
1326:
1316:
1302:
1298:
1292:
1269:
1265:
1259:
1232:
1221:
1215:
1207:, p. 257,
1192:
1183:
1178:
1131:
1037:Omaha, Nebraska
1026:
998:
967:
909:
870:
865:
835:
824:
818:
815:
804:
792:
788:
781:
744:Marcel Lefebvre
642:Daniel Q. Brown
631:Daniel Q. Brown
603:
592:
586:
583:
568:
552:
541:
532:
483:
450:
433:
424:
413:
407:
404:
361:
359:
353:
349:primary sources
337:
326:
310:
298:Pope John XXIII
270:Mass of Paul VI
242:
236:
233:
226:
217:
206:
201:
117:
106:
100:
97:
60:"Sedevacantism"
54:
52:
42:
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3666:
3656:
3655:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3632:
3622:
3612:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3573:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3532:
3530:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3500:Bologna School
3496:
3494:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3464:
3457:
3450:
3443:
3436:
3431:
3424:
3419:
3413:
3411:
3407:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3397:Pericle Felici
3394:
3389:
3384:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3366:Fernando Cento
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3346:Valerio Valeri
3343:
3341:Pietro Ciriaci
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3317:
3315:
3314:of commissions
3309:
3308:
3306:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3254:
3252:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3239:
3237:Julius Döpfner
3234:
3229:
3223:
3221:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3208:
3202:
3200:
3193:
3189:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3173:
3165:
3156:
3154:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3138:
3130:
3122:
3118:Optatam totius
3114:
3106:
3098:
3090:
3082:
3078:Inter mirifica
3073:
3071:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3055:
3047:
3039:
3030:
3028:
3021:
3017:
3016:
3009:
3008:
3001:
2994:
2986:
2977:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2949:
2947:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2923:
2921:
2914:
2912:or Mysticalist
2906:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2886:Mark Pivarunas
2883:
2881:Clarence Kelly
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2861:Anthony Cekada
2858:
2856:Moisés Carmona
2853:
2848:
2842:
2840:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2826:
2825:
2815:
2809:
2807:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2784:Donald Sanborn
2781:
2779:Robert McKenna
2776:
2770:
2768:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2755:
2749:
2747:
2740:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2650:
2648:
2641:
2634:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2593:Licínio Rangel
2590:
2585:
2580:
2578:Bernard Fellay
2575:
2573:Leonard Feeney
2569:
2567:
2564:Excommunicated
2561:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2555:John Zuhlsdorf
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2520:Chad Ripperger
2517:
2512:
2510:Malachi Martin
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2485:Wilhelm Imkamp
2482:
2477:
2472:
2470:Michael Davies
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2445:Paul Aulagnier
2442:
2436:
2430:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2405:Militia Templi
2402:
2397:
2392:
2386:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2317:
2315:
2301:
2291:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2227:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2170:
2163:
2156:
2151:
2140:
2138:
2131:
2127:
2126:
2119:
2118:
2111:
2104:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2076:
2063:
2050:
2037:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2005:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1950:
1931:
1918:
1905:
1892:
1880:
1868:
1856:
1831:
1822:
1803:
1784:
1777:
1757:
1744:
1727:
1714:
1690:Donald Sanborn
1681:
1673:Donald Sanborn
1664:
1648:
1640:Anthony Cekada
1631:
1618:
1609:
1601:Anthony Cekada
1592:
1563:
1534:
1521:
1515:
1497:
1491:
1473:
1468:978-0061161223
1467:
1449:
1444:978-0810879799
1443:
1423:
1418:978-0816054558
1417:
1393:
1378:
1372:
1351:
1345:978-0810879676
1344:
1324:
1315:978-0810857551
1314:
1296:
1291:978-0465049356
1290:
1263:
1258:978-0226508788
1257:
1251:, p. 88,
1219:
1214:978-0253329226
1213:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1119:
1112:Donald Sanborn
1108:
1101:Moisés Carmona
1092:
1062:
1059:Clarence Kelly
1044:
1041:Mark Pivarunas
1025:
1022:
997:
994:
979:Clarence Kelly
966:
963:
959:excommunicated
947:Moisés Carmona
934:French priest
908:
905:
869:
866:
864:
861:
837:
836:
795:
793:
786:
780:
777:
776:
775:
761:
751:
740:Donald Sanborn
736:Anthony Cekada
724:
707:
694:
677:Moisés Carmona
649:
638:
605:
604:
555:
553:
546:
540:
537:
531:
528:
482:
479:
453:Anthony Cekada
449:
446:
432:
429:
426:
425:
340:
338:
331:
325:
322:
309:
306:
244:
243:
220:
218:
211:
205:
202:
200:
197:
119:
118:
33:
31:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3665:
3654:
3653:Sedevacantism
3651:
3650:
3648:
3631:
3623:
3621:
3613:
3611:
3603:
3602:
3601:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3584:
3574:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3561:
3558:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3541:Sedevacantism
3539:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3527:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3491:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3465:
3463:
3462:
3458:
3456:
3455:
3451:
3449:
3448:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3428:Aggiornamento
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3408:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3387:Gustavo Testa
3385:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3326:Paolo Marella
3324:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3310:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3273:Norman Gilroy
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3249:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3218:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3194:
3190:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3169:Nostra aetate
3166:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3151:
3145:
3143:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3107:
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847:
843:
833:
830:
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741:
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556:This section
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339:
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329:
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319:
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308:Justification
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237:December 2023
230:
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221:This section
219:
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170:sedevacantism
166:
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164:
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2846:Oswald Baker
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38:verification
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3630:WikiProject
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2495:Blaise Kurz
2281:Siri thesis
2080:"This rock"
2068:"This rock"
1995:(in German)
1968:11 December
1925:Jarvis, E.
1912:Jarvis, E.
1899:Jarvis, E.
1753:Holy Orders
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1150:Integralism
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489:affirm the
468:"Te igitur"
463:Roman Canon
440:because of
316:as being a
293:Magisterium
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1671:Most Rev.
1585:2 December
1556:2 December
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1176:References
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913:episcopacy
857:episcopacy
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530:Demography
378:newspapers
345:references
71:newspapers
3620:Templates
3529:Criticism
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3080:(Media)
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897:Arecibo
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882:Vietnam
846:validly
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