1284:
460:
is often used in applications with a high energy spread in the ions produced where sensitivity is nonetheless required, such as spark source mass spectrometry (SSMS) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The advantage of this geometry over the Nier–Johnson geometry is that the ions of different masses are all focused onto the same flat plane. This allows the use of a photographic plate or other flat detector array.
1308:
1296:
27:
223:
459:
radians) electric sector, a drift length which is followed by a 90° magnetic sector of opposite curvature direction. The entry of the ions sorted primarily by charge into the magnetic field produces an energy focussing effect and much higher transmission than a standard energy filter. This geometry
42:
that uses a static electric (E) or magnetic (B) sector or some combination of the two (separately in space) as a mass analyzer. Popular combinations of these sectors have been the EB, BE (of so-called reverse geometry), three-sector BEB and four-sector EBEB (electric-magnetic-electric-magnetic)
830:
297:
These are some of the classic geometries from mass spectrographs which are often used to distinguish different types of sector arrangements, although most current instruments do not fit precisely into any of these categories as the designs have evolved further.
702:
Schilling GD; Andrade FJ; Barnes JH; Sperline RP; Denton MB; Barinaga CJ; Koppenaal DW; Hieftje GM (2006). "Characterization of a second-generation focal-plane camera coupled to an inductively coupled plasma
Mattauch–Herzog geometry mass spectrograph".
288:
The force in the magnetic sector is complicated by the velocity dependence but with the right conditions (uniform velocity for example) ions of different masses will separate physically in space into different beams as with the electric sector.
484:
The
Takeshita geometry consists of a 54.43° electric sector, and short drift length, a second electric sector of the same curvature direction followed by another drift length before a 180° magnetic sector of opposite curvature direction.
138:
343:
electric sector without an initial drift length followed by a 60° magnetic sector with the same direction of curvature. Sometimes called a "Bainbridge mass spectrometer," this configuration is often used to determine
341:
75:
law. This equation is the fundamental equation of all mass spectrometric techniques and applies in non-linear, non-homogeneous cases too and is an important equation in the field of
457:
493:
The
Matsuda geometry consists of an 85° electric sector, a quadrupole lens and a 72.5° magnetic sector of the same curvature direction. This geometry is used in the
403:
271:
213:
1028:
476:
The
Hinterberger–Konig geometry consists of a 42.43° electric sector, a long intermediate drift length and a 130° magnetic sector of the same curvature direction.
230:
The force is only dependent on the charge and electric field strength. The lighter ions will be deflected more and heavier ions less due to the difference in
468:
The Nier–Johnson geometry consists of a 90° electric sector, a long intermediate drift length and a 60° magnetic sector of the same curvature direction.
788:
540:
85:
1211:
1206:
958:
67:
The behavior of ions in a homogeneous, linear, static electric or magnetic field (separately) as is found in a sector instrument is simple. The
588:
506:
1063:
1013:
1201:
1023:
874:
1038:
1229:
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412:; they pass freely through a slit, and are then subject to another magnetic field, transversing a semi-circular path and striking a
1196:
938:
624:
494:
1312:
1264:
1254:
1018:
943:
234:
and the ions will physically separate from each other in space into distinct beams of ions as they exit the electric sector.
309:
948:
1181:
1300:
978:
968:
920:
277:
perpendicular to both the magnetic field and the velocity vector of the ion itself, in the direction determined by the
654:
1259:
1221:
1043:
848:
Thomson, J. J.: Rays of
Positive Electricity and their Application to Chemical Analyses; Longmans Green: London, 1913
1244:
1099:
1008:
973:
1048:
867:
1339:
1249:
1234:
1239:
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1269:
1160:
963:
744:
1145:
511:
636:
1334:
1288:
915:
860:
427:
818:
574:
355:
is produced from the isotope under study. The beam is subject to the combined action of perpendicular
593:
497:
and
Panorama (gas source, high-resolution, multicollector to measure isotopologues in geochemistry).
1191:
1176:
1104:
894:
615:
988:
219:
in the direction of the electric field, with positive ions and opposite that with negative ions.
48:
43:
instruments. Most modern sector instruments are double-focusing instruments (first developed by
1058:
610:
993:
373:
243:
44:
363:. Since the forces due to these two fields are equal and opposite when the particles have a
188:
753:
666:
602:
8:
1140:
1109:
983:
953:
20:
757:
670:
606:
1068:
684:
516:
413:
52:
237:
And the force on an ion in a linear homogenous magnetic field (a magnetic sector) is:
226:
Electric sector from a
Finnigan MAT mass spectrometer (vacuum chamber housing removed)
883:
771:
720:
628:
521:
39:
798:
688:
569:
550:
1053:
1033:
998:
802:
793:
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674:
657:[The theory of a mass-spectrograph with double focus independent of mass].
620:
554:
545:
822:
278:
76:
1003:
360:
356:
156:
148:
56:
1328:
1150:
910:
797:, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "
549:, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "
282:
172:
133:{\displaystyle \mathbf {F} =q(\mathbf {E} +\mathbf {v} \times \mathbf {B} ),}
72:
806:
558:
1114:
775:
724:
655:"Zur Theorie der fĂĽr alle Massen doppelfokussierenden Massenspektrographen"
632:
701:
679:
59:
in 1936) in that they focus the ion beams both in direction and velocity.
1155:
1094:
1073:
348:
182:
on an ion in a linear homogenous electric field (an electric sector) is:
416:. The mass of the isotope is determined through subsequent calculation.
930:
825:, "Mass spectrometer", published 1985-11-12, assigned to
716:
625:
10.1002/(SICI)1098-2787(1996)15:4<241::AID-MAS2>3.0.CO;2-I
766:
739:
852:
19:
This article is about mass spectrometers. For sector compasses, see
1124:
364:
168:
345:
231:
68:
352:
26:
409:
179:
826:
737:
899:
589:"An introduction to ion optics for the mass spectrograph"
222:
586:
336:{\displaystyle \left({\frac {\pi }{\sqrt {2}}}\right)}
430:
376:
312:
306:
The sector instrument geometry consists of a 127.30°
246:
191:
88:
740:"Alfred Nier and the sector field mass spectrometer"
424:
The
Mattauch–Herzog geometry consists of a 31.82° (
451:
397:
335:
265:
207:
132:
1326:
71:are described by a single equation called the
868:
587:Burgoyne, Thomas W.; Gary M. Hieftje (1996).
507:Mass-analyzed ion kinetic energy spectrometry
570:Arthur Jeffrey Dempster (American physicist)
171:(expressed as a vector), and × is the
875:
861:
765:
678:
614:
394:
262:
204:
738:De Laeter; J. & Kurz; M. D. (2006).
221:
25:
817:
1327:
882:
856:
652:
471:
292:
1295:
301:
1307:
408:they do not experience a resultant
13:
841:
794:Compendium of Chemical Terminology
546:Compendium of Chemical Terminology
419:
14:
1351:
452:{\displaystyle \pi /4{\sqrt {2}}}
38:is a general term for a class of
1306:
1294:
1283:
1282:
659:Zeitschrift fĂĽr Naturforschung A
120:
112:
104:
90:
463:
163:is the charge of the particle,
30:A five sector mass spectrometer
811:
782:
731:
695:
646:
580:
563:
534:
124:
100:
1:
527:
745:Journal of Mass Spectrometry
479:
285:and the sign of the charge.
7:
1146:Microchannel plate detector
512:Charge remote fragmentation
500:
10:
1356:
488:
18:
16:Class of mass spectrometer
1278:
1220:
1169:
1133:
1082:
929:
890:
594:Mass Spectrometry Reviews
62:
1161:Langmuir–Taylor detector
807:10.1351/goldbook.N04141
575:Encyclopædia Britannica
559:10.1351/goldbook.E01938
398:{\displaystyle v=E/B\,}
266:{\displaystyle F=qvB\,}
49:Arthur Jeffrey Dempster
1105:Quadrupole mass filter
653:Klemm, Alfred (1946).
453:
399:
337:
267:
227:
209:
208:{\displaystyle F=qE\,}
134:
31:
1340:Measuring instruments
799:Nier-Johnson geometry
680:10.1515/zna-1946-0306
454:
400:
338:
268:
225:
210:
135:
45:Francis William Aston
29:
428:
374:
310:
244:
189:
86:
1141:Electron multiplier
1110:Quadrupole ion trap
758:2006JMSp...41..847D
671:1946ZNatA...1..137K
607:1996MSRv...15..241B
21:sector (instrument)
517:Kenneth Bainbridge
472:Hinterberger–Konig
449:
414:photographic plate
395:
353:positive particles
333:
293:Classic geometries
263:
228:
205:
130:
53:Kenneth Bainbridge
32:
1335:Mass spectrometry
1322:
1321:
884:Mass spectrometry
717:10.1021/ac052026k
522:Alfred O. C. Nier
447:
327:
326:
302:Bainbridge–Jordan
40:mass spectrometer
36:sector instrument
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833:
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823:Matsuda, Hisashi
815:
809:
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779:
769:
767:10.1002/jms.1057
735:
729:
728:
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693:
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635:. Archived from
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842:Further reading
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711:(13): 4319–25.
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551:electric sector
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420:Mattauch–Herzog
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361:magnetic fields
317:
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279:right-hand rule
245:
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167:is its current
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89:
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77:electrodynamics
65:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1170:MS combination
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1100:Time-of-flight
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1021:
1016:
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991:
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850:
849:
845:
843:
840:
837:
836:
810:
781:
752:(7): 847–854.
730:
694:
665:(3): 137–141.
645:
642:on 2012-12-10.
616:10.1.1.625.841
601:(4): 241–259.
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283:cross products
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157:magnetic field
149:electric field
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129:
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106:
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99:
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92:
64:
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57:Josef Mattauch
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1222:Fragmentation
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1151:Daly detector
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1083:Mass analyzer
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911:Mass spectrum
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185:
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176:
174:
173:cross product
170:
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162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
127:
116:
108:
97:
94:
82:
81:
80:
78:
74:
73:Lorentz force
70:
60:
58:
54:
50:
46:
41:
37:
28:
22:
1311:
1299:
1287:
1115:Penning trap
1089:
904:
900:
813:
792:
784:
749:
743:
733:
708:
704:
697:
662:
658:
648:
637:the original
598:
592:
582:
573:
565:
544:
536:
492:
483:
475:
467:
464:Nier–Johnson
423:
407:
351:. A beam of
305:
296:
287:
276:
236:
229:
218:
177:
164:
160:
152:
144:
142:
79:in general.
66:
35:
33:
1313:WikiProject
1156:Faraday cup
1095:Wien filter
916:MS software
159:induction,
1329:Categories
931:Ion source
819:US 4553029
705:Anal. Chem
640:(abstract)
528:References
151:strength,
1192:Hybrid MS
827:Jeol Ltd.
611:CiteSeerX
480:Takeshita
432:π
367:given by
320:π
117:×
1289:Category
1134:Detector
1125:Orbitrap
921:Acronyms
776:16810642
725:16808438
689:94043005
633:27082712
501:See also
365:velocity
357:electric
346:isotopic
169:velocity
1301:Commons
1029:MALDESI
754:Bibcode
667:Bibcode
603:Bibcode
572:at the
489:Matsuda
232:inertia
178:So the
155:is the
147:is the
69:physics
1207:IMS/MS
1120:FT-ICR
1090:Sector
832:
821:,
774:
723:
687:
631:
613:
495:SHRIMP
349:masses
143:where
63:Theory
1260:IRMPD
1212:CE-MS
1202:LC/MS
1197:GC/MS
1177:MS/MS
1064:SELDI
1024:MALDI
1019:LAESI
959:DAPPI
789:IUPAC
685:S2CID
541:IUPAC
410:force
180:force
1265:NETD
1230:BIRD
1049:SIMS
1044:SESI
979:EESI
974:DIOS
969:DESI
964:DART
949:APPI
944:APLI
939:APCI
895:Mass
772:PMID
721:PMID
629:PMID
359:and
55:and
1270:SID
1255:HCD
1250:ETD
1245:EDD
1240:ECD
1235:CID
1187:AMS
1182:QqQ
1059:SSI
1039:PTR
1034:MIP
1014:ICP
994:FAB
989:ESI
803:doi
801:".
762:doi
713:doi
675:doi
621:doi
555:doi
553:".
281:of
1331::
1074:TS
1069:TI
1054:SS
1009:IA
1004:GD
999:FD
984:EI
954:CI
791:,
770:.
760:.
750:41
748:.
742:.
719:.
709:78
707:.
683:.
673:.
661:.
627:.
619:.
609:.
599:15
597:.
591:.
543:,
175:.
51:,
47:,
34:A
905:z
903:/
901:m
876:e
869:t
862:v
805::
778:.
764::
756::
727:.
715::
691:.
677::
669::
663:1
623::
605::
557::
445:2
440:4
436:/
392:B
388:/
384:E
381:=
378:v
330:)
324:2
315:(
273:,
260:B
257:v
254:q
251:=
248:F
215:,
202:E
199:q
196:=
193:F
165:v
161:q
153:B
145:E
128:,
125:)
121:B
113:v
109:+
105:E
101:(
98:q
95:=
91:F
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
