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governor in the state's first popular election in 1825. It was signed by only six chiefs; the Creek
National Council denounced it, ordering the execution of McIntosh and the other Muscogee signatories, as it was a capital crime to alienate tribal land. On April 29, the Upper Creek chief
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in present-day
Carroll County, Georgia. They killed him and two other signatories, and set fire to the house. Both his sons-in-law, Samuel and Benjamin Hawkins, Jr. were slated for execution; Samuel was hanged but Benjamin escaped and lived for another decade.
427:, in which the Muscogee surrendered most of the lands sought by Georgia under more generous terms, retaining a small piece of land on the Georgia-Alabama border and the Ocmulgee National Monument. They were, moreover, not required to move west.
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Troup refused to recognize the new treaty, and ordered the
Muscogee lands surveyed for a land lottery. He began forcibly evicting the Lower Creek. Adams threatened federal intervention, but backed down after Troup mobilized Georgia militia.
383:. In compensation for the move to unimproved land, and to aid in obtaining supplies, the Muscogee nation would receive $ 200,000 paid in decreasing installments over a period of years.
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450:, Oklahoma State University Digital Collections, Kapplers: Indian affairs: laws and treaties Vol. 2 (Treaties), pp. 214-217. Retrieved May 16, 2024.
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and the United States originally on
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paid them $ 200,000 in installments and assumed their debts to the
Georgian people.
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took 200 warriors to attack McIntosh at his plantation (McIntosh
Reserve) on the
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465:, University of Nebraska Press, 1985, pp. 96–97. Retrieved September 14, 2011.
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The
Politics of Indian Removal: Creek Government and Society in Crisis
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Land cession treaty between the
Muscogee tribe and the United States
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in 1821, under which the former ceded their territory east of the
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A delegation from the Creek
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In December 1824, the American envoys Duncan Campbell and
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ratified the treaty on March 7 by a margin of one vote.
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The treaty was popular with Georgians, who reelected
359:The treaty that was agreed was negotiated with six
101:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
316:The Muscogee and the United States had signed the
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423:to have it revoked. They negotiated the 1826
355:Muscogee cessions in Georgia under the treaty
205:introducing citations to additional sources
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482:United States and Native American treaties
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195:Relevant discussion may be found on the
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