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recognition of religious groups dependent on their cooperation with the government and weakens human rights guarantees across the board. In addition, the constitution will now buffer the government from further financial sanctions by permitting it to pass on all fines for noncompliance with the constitution or with
European law to the Hungarian population as special taxes, not payable by the normal state budget. The mega-amendment annuls all of the decisions made by the Court before 1 January 2012 so that they have no legal effect. Henceforth no longer can anyone in the country – neither the Constitutional Court, nor the ordinary courts, nor human rights groups nor ordinary citizens – rely on the Court's prior string of rights-protecting decisions.
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458:, the cabinet reassessed the financing of the universities and high schools. The cabinet intended ceasing to fund certain disciplines, and also changed the conditions of the state subsidies of the higher education: "according to the new rules, a student accepting Hungarian state-funded support to pay for university study must sign an agreement to work in Hungary for a certain period of time within 20 years after graduation". The government officials declared that this a counter-measure against the
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transfer of cases between courts was nullified. The rule allowing the government to levy taxes to finance the debts, which occur due to court decisions was also suppressed. According to the new regulations all religious communities are entitled to operate freely, but those who seek further cooperation with the state (e.g., taking part in education, health care, social programs and so on) has to be voted on by the national assembly to receive an official status."
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graduation, students that studied in state-funded places will be expected to work at
Hungarian companies for the same length of time they had spent in state-financed higher education. Failing to do this, they will be expected to pay back the cost of their studies calculated at a rate that takes into consideration yearly inflation but will be interest-free.
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586:" "urges the Government of Hungary and the Parliament to ensure that the process of considering amendments to the constitution demonstrates respect for the rule of law and judicial review, openness to the views of other stakeholders across Hungarian society, and continuing receptiveness to the expertise of the
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In
October, 2013 Thorbjørn Jagland, Secretary General of the Council of Europe declared that the laws on the media and the judiciary that had been so heavily criticised were amended, and the European institutions were satisfied with that. He welcomed the cooperation of foreign secretary Martonyi with
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or democratic principles. Rebuking the treatment of the EU, namely that
Brussels asked the government to halt the process a day before the vote, he emphasized that Hungary's parliament had not enacted any law that restricts the Constitutional Court from assessing laws and their provisions. He also
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expressed concerns about the government over the amendment vote in
Hungary's parliament the following week to change the constitution, arguing that it contravenes EU rules in areas such as the judiciary. On the 11th of March, "Hungary's parliament, dominated by Prime Minister Viktor Orbán's Fidesz
409:
In the autumn of 2010, Parliament passed a new media bill, setting up a new media council. The members of the council were accused of being biased, since all members were elected by the two-thirds parliamentary majority. Their – factually non-existent – authority to supervise media, issue decrees,
356:, expressed his fear that Hungary wants to attack Slovakia and considered the situation as the "beginning of a war". As Prime Minister designate, Viktor Orbán firmly stated that he considers Slovak hysteria part of a political campaign. In response to the change in Hungarian citizenship law, the
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or changed at the insistence of
European bodies. In his opinion the new constitutional mega-amendment again puts an end to the independence of the judiciary, brings universities under still more governmental control, opens the door to political prosecutions, criminalizes homelessness, makes the
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16 September 2013, following the consultations with the Venice
Commission, the Hungarian National Assembly modified the constitution again. The amendment allows the commercial media broadcasters to air political ads free of charge, but they must operate similarly to public media channels. The
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party, adopted changes to the country's constitution on Monday despite warnings from the
European Union and the U.S. government that the changes could weaken Hungary's democracy. The legislation was supported by 265 lawmakers in the 386-seat chamber, with 11 votes against and 33 abstentions."
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was appointed. The government also modified the previously introduced laws - since then it is possible to receive state scholarship in every subject, the number of bourses was increased and instead of contracts, the students have to sign a declaration stating that within 10 or 12 years after
569:(social democrat), said that the amendments set to be voted on next week by Hungarian lawmakers may be incompatible with European legal principles and asked the government to postpone the approval of a series of constitutional amendments, so legal experts can review the changes.
313:. Finally, Fidesz won the outright majority in the first round on 11 April, winning 206 seats, including all 119 individual seats. After the second round of the elections they won a total of 263 seats in the parliament (out of 386), which was enough to change the
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scheme and the cutting of the salary of state employees to a maximum of 2 million
Hungarian forints (6.700 Euro) per month, including the Hungarian National Bank's director, claiming the government potentially undermined the independence of that institution.
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the Venice
Commission, and he finally concluded that "A number of criticisms can still be made, of course, but the Hungarians have gone a long way in correcting much of the legislation that the international community has so heavily criticised."
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14 March, during a press conference in Brussels, Prime Minister Viktor Orbán said Budapest was ready to explain all the constitutional changes made by the Parliament. He also challenged critics to produce evidence of breaching the
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for 33 years now and these changes really had a great effect on me," criticisms are unfair, use double standards, misinterpretations, or incorrect information" and that "checks and balances are alive and well in Hungary.",
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urged the Hungarian authorities "to implement as swiftly as possible all the measures the European Commission as the guardian of the treaties deems necessary in order to fully comply with EU law… the decisions of the
469:"The idea behind requiring students to stay and work in Hungary is that if the state paid for their education then it's reasonable to expect that they'll apply their new skills here in Hungary for a period of time."
476:. These measures were seen by the opposition parties and some professors as an effort to bring down the financial autonomy of the universities. Against these reforms, a sequence of demonstrations began.
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reacted to these allegations that neither the media bill nor other Hungarian regulations have given such competencies to the media authority. Still, the bill was widely criticized as jeopardizing
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was also questioned, though all decisions of the council can be appealed at an independent court. Since 2010, these allegations are kept on board persistently. The leader of the council,
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won the outright majority in the first round on April 11, with the Fidesz-KDNP alliance winning 206 seats, including 119 individual seats. In the final result, they won 263 seats (
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In November 2013, Professor Scheppele outlined systemic infringement procedures the European Commission can use when member states violate basic principles of the European Union.
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approved on 26 May 2010 a law stating that if a Slovak citizen applies for citizenship of another country then that person will automatically lose his/her Slovakian citizenship.
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In response to the Tavares-report, several members of the European Parliament declared, that it is the European left that criticizes the Hungarian Fundamental Law.
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criticized Orbán's second cabinet for its lack of compliance with economic deficit goals in 2010 and 2011, the nationalization of the country's compulsory
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The cabinet cut back the budget of the universities as well, and in order to supervise their expenditures, the government vindicated the right to appoint
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to be given new powers allowing it to freeze EU budget funds to a member state in breach of Europe's "fundamental values." Likewise on the same day,
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The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe voted "not to put Hungary under surveillance over concerns about changes to its constitution."
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stated that since Fidesz and the new government were not willing to negotiate the issue, which would be viewed as a question of national security.
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Orbán took the oath of office on 29 May 2010. With 261 votes, the Hungarian Parliament accepted him as leader of the ninth government since the
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582:"as they could threaten the principles of institutional independence and checks and balances that are the hallmark of democratic governance"
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This article is about the cabinet of Hungarian prime minister Viktor Orbán. For the cabinet of Romanian prime minister Ludovic Orban, see
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Critiques have also been made in the official working documents of the European Parliament and by the Venice Commission on Hungary.
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sent letter to the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of EU-member states, in which he gave details on the text of the amendment.
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On 8 March 2013, the government of the United States raised its concerns both about the content of the proposed amendments
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wrote in a blog entry that the Hungarian ruling party's supermajority is re-introducing in one "mega-amendment" multiple
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The new cabinet began working on legislation even before its inauguration. The representatives then accepted a bill of
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667:, to give some additional written explanations to the Proposal on the Fourth Amendment to Fundamental Law of Hungary.
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553:"to demonstrate that the country has an effective separation of power between the legislative and the judicial."
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and... the recommendations of the Venice Commission, the Council of Europe and other international bodies…".
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288:), of which 173 are individual seats. Fidesz held 227 of these seats, giving it an outright majority in the
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declared "The US side assessed the fifth amendment to the basic law as a step in the right direction,"
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After a series of negotiations with the protesters, secretary of state responsible for the education,
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1902:[After eight years, the Prime Minister Orbán is back] (in Hungarian). HU: Index. 29 May 2010
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317:. The sixth national assembly of the "III. Hungarian Republic" was established on 14 May 2010.
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2707:"Ferenc Kumin — US Congressman Smith: New Hungarian Constitution and Laws are 'Amazing'"
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2581:"Hirado.hu - Constitutional amendment - Critics arrive just before vote, says Orban"
2278:"Hungarian prime minister warned over moves to increase his power | World news"
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2300:"NewsWires : Euronews : The latest international news as video on demand"
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The June 2013 report of the European Commission on the Hungarian Constitution, the
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2755:"Ferenc Kumin — The Details Behind the 5th Amendment to Hungary's Fundamental Law"
1876:[National Election Office – 2010 Parliamentary Elections] (in Hungarian).
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from 29 May 2010 to 6 June 2014. Orbán formed his second cabinet after his party,
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2777:"Ferenc Kumin — Council of Europe's Jagland: 'Hungarians Have Gone a Long Way'"
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2803:"US welcomes fifth amendment to Hungary's constitution, says foreign ministry"
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2101:"Government, students work out joint plan for financing university education"
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2659:"Ferenc Kumin — European Politicians Speak Out Against the Tavares Report"
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Hungarian Media Council head Annamária Szalai's reactions to allegations
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and around the world, aimed at offsetting the harmful effects of the
2529:"Government - Ministry of Public Administration and Justice - News"
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US Assistant Secretary of State for European and Eurasian Affairs,
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International criticism of the Fourth Amendment of the Constitution
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2193:"Auswärtiges Amt - Interviews - "Ungarn muss Rechtsstaat bleiben""
38:
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Minister for Liaising with International Financial Organisations
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amendments which had been introduced before and nullified by the
1942:[Warsaw led Viktor Orbán's first official trip abroad],
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sent a letter to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe
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Party breakdown of cabinet ministers in the beginning of term:
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2608:"Constitution changes no threat to democracy, says Hungary PM"
2177:
Hungary's Government May Take Revenge on Court, Professor Says
1940:"Varsóba vezetett Orbán Viktor első hivatalos külföldi útja"
1874:"Országos Választási Iroda – 2010 Országgyűlési Választások"
1848:"Országos Választási Iroda - 2010 Országgyűlési Választások"
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declared that "I am dealing with human rights issues in the
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402:, as a symbol of establishing a central European alliance.
352:, Slovak government member and leader of the extreme right
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Party breakdown of cabinet ministers in the end of term:
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and about the process by which they were to be accepted:
2779:. Ferenckumin.tumblr.com. 8 October 2013. Archived from
1922:""Soli deo gloria" – megalakult a második Orbán-kormány"
1850:(in Hungarian). Valasztas.hu. 3 May 2010. Archived from
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for liaising with international financial organisations
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The report of the EU-Commission appeared in June 2013.
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in Hungary, however no specific provisions were named.
395:) did not accept the cabinet's program (107 votes).
2255:"Proposed Amendments to the Hungarian Constitution"
523:scholar, Hungary-specialist and political activist
2681:"Rights watchdog votes against monitoring Hungary"
2125:
670:On the 8th of March, Minister of Foreign Affairs,
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2555:"Government - Ministry of Foreign Affairs - News"
336:, and sparking a controversy between Hungary and
3943:
2160:Hungary revisits controversial constitution plan
2805:. Politics.hu. 1 November 2013. Archived from
2683:. Uk.reuters.com. 25 June 2013. Archived from
309:foreshadowed a decisive Fidesz victory in the
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2633:"Government - Prime Minister's Office - News"
2909:2022 Hungarian LGBTQ in education referendum
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691:declared his government open to discussion.
3069:Hungary and the Russian invasion of Ukraine
2635:. Kormany.hu. 27 March 2013. Archived from
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2103:. Politics.hu. 5 April 2013. Archived from
1900:"Nyolc év után újra Orbán a miniszterelnök"
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2757:. Ferenckumin.tumblr.com. 3 September 2013
2557:. Kormany.hu. 8 March 2013. Archived from
2531:. Kormany.hu. 7 March 2013. Archived from
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2078:. Ferenckumin.tumblr.com. 18 February 2013
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2047:"Storms ahead for Hungarian EU presidency"
549:"Hungary must remain a country of the law,
324:, granting Hungarian citizenship to every
2515:European Commission - European Commission
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1999:
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465:According to the deputy state secretary,
398:Orbán's first international visit was to
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2899:2016 Hungarian migrant quota referendum
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1972:
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358:National Council of the Slovak Republic
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2661:. Ferenckumin.tumblr.com. 11 July 2013
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2239:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1440:Minister of Administration and Justice
1020:Minister of Administration and Justice
725:Fifth Amendment of the Fundamental Law
543:, the (liberal) undersecretary in the
442:In the first four months of the year,
266:the Government of National Cooperation
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2709:. Ferenckumin.tumblr.com. 8 July 2013
2039:
596:On that same day, in a letter to the
410:and issue fines of up to 200 million
1688:14 December 2011 – 23 December 2011
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307:2009 European Parliamentary election
3496:Interwar period & WW2 (1920-45)
2458:"Documents by opinions and studies"
2126:Kim Lane Scheppele (1 March 2013).
1584:(Human Resources since 14 May 2012)
13:
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659:On 7 March, Deputy Prime Minister
31:Government of National Cooperation
14:
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3957:2014 disestablishments in Hungary
2606:Pawlak, Justyna (14 March 2013).
1636:Minister of National Development
1127:Minister of National Development
406:has a long historical tradition.
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2508:"Justice and fundamental rights"
2195:(in German). Auswaertiges-amt.de
2076:on Student Subsidies in Hungary"
2021:"Budapest, where are you going?"
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274:A Nemzeti Együttműködés Kormánya
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3967:Cabinets disestablished in 2014
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3422:Revolutionary Governing Council
2914:2024 visits to Russia and China
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1973:Krugman, Paul (14 March 2012),
1928:(in Hungarian), HU, 29 May 2010
1803:15 December 2011 – 2 June 2012
1712:23 December 2011 – 6 June 2014
1660:29 May 2010 – 14 December 2011
1245:Minister for National Politics
1086:Minister of National Resources
655:Government responses to critics
557:On 6 March 2013, Europe's main
454:As a part of the reform of the
3952:2010 establishments in Hungary
2013:
1993:
1966:
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3176:Committee of National Defense
2072:"Ferenc Kumin — For a Price:
1833:
1405:Deputy Prime Minister (First)
708:In July 2013 US Congressman,
3962:Cabinets established in 2010
2904:COVID-19 pandemic in Hungary
2276:Ian Traynor (8 March 2013).
1527:Minister of National Economy
1240:Ministers without portfolio
1044:Minister of National Economy
311:2010 parliamentary elections
112:Head of government's history
7:
3832:Third Republic (since 1990)
3702:People's Republic (1949-90)
3084:Hungarian Round Table Talks
2000:Scheppele (20 March 2012),
1827:2 June 2012 – 6 March 2013
1574:7 March 2013 – 6 June 2014
1550:29 May 2010 – 3 March 2013
1498:Minister of Foreign Affairs
1407:Minister without portfolio
1342: Independent ministers
972:Minister of Foreign Affairs
404:Polish-Hungarian friendship
10:
3993:
1776:Minister without portfolio
1770:29 May 2010 – 6 June 2014
1741:29 May 2010 – 6 June 2014
1631:14 May 2012 – 6 June 2014
1607:29 May 2010 – 13 May 2012
1521:29 May 2010 – 6 June 2014
1492:29 May 2010 – 6 June 2014
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1432:29 May 2010 – 6 June 2014
1400:29 May 2010 – 10 May 2014
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2868:Prime Minister of Hungary
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2257:. State.gov. 7 March 2013
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3089:2006 protests in Hungary
2894:Hungarian border barrier
891:Prime Minister's Office
712:, co-chairman of the US
76:People and organisations
2984:Parliamentary elections
2939:Coat of Arms of Hungary
1718:Minister of Agriculture
1193:Minister of Agriculture
920:Deputy Prime Ministers
606:German foreign minister
545:German Foreign Ministry
503:Constitution of Hungary
491:
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115:1998–2002, 2010–present
29:Second Orbán Government
3414:Soviet Republic (1919)
3147:Governments of Hungary
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2130:Constitutional Revenge
1975:"Hungary's free media"
925:Deputy Prime Minister
870:Members of the Cabinet
682:
608:, and counterparts in
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315:Hungarian constitution
250:Third Orbán Government
3972:Hungarian governments
3160:Revolution of 1848-49
3106:Category:Viktor Orbán
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1962:(translation), ScribD
1437:Deputy Prime Minister
1409:for National Politics
680:
575:
551:" called on Hungary
510:
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354:Slovak National Party
278:Government of Hungary
259:second government of
149:263 / 386 (68%)
141:Status in legislature
2488:. Europarl.europa.eu
2433:"WORKING DOCUMENT 4"
2405:"WORKING DOCUMENT 3"
2377:"WORKING DOCUMENT 2"
2352:"WORKING DOCUMENT 3"
2332:. chicagotribune.com
2053:, EU, archived from
1469:Minister of Interior
996:Minister of Interior
698:Further developments
688:acquis communautaire
533:Constitutional Court
517:Princeton University
420:freedom of the press
20:Second Orban Cabinet
3202:Dualism (1867-1918)
2876:President of Fidesz
2783:on 15 December 2013
2561:on 11 December 2013
2180:Wall Street Journal
2057:on 25 December 2010
1959:Hungarian media law
1747:Minister of Defence
1217:Minister of Defence
630:José Manuel Barroso
626:European Commission
598:European commission
576:José Manuel Barroso
427:European Commission
305:The results of the
3642:Post-WW2 (1945-49)
3468:(July-August 1919)
3322:Khuen-Héderváry II
2941:
2930:
2809:on 4 November 2013
2735:. 10 February 2016
2687:on 3 February 2016
2437:Europarl.europa.eu
2412:Europarl.europa.eu
2384:Europarl.europa.eu
2356:Europarl.europa.eu
2137:The New York Times
2107:on 16 January 2014
2074:The New York Times
1987:The New York Times
1946:(in Hungarian), HU
714:Helsinki Committee
683:
578:
525:Kim Lane Scheppele
521:constitutional law
513:
511:Kim Lane Scheppele
485:István Klinghammer
381:
286:qualified majority
102:Head of government
45:Cabinet of Hungary
3939:
3938:
3932:
3924:
3916:
3908:
3900:
3892:
3884:
3876:
3868:
3860:
3852:
3844:
3818:
3810:
3802:
3794:
3786:
3778:
3770:
3762:
3754:
3746:
3738:
3730:
3722:
3714:
3678:
3670:
3662:
3654:
3628:
3620:
3612:
3604:
3596:
3588:
3580:
3572:
3564:
3556:
3548:
3540:
3532:
3524:
3516:
3508:
3477:
3469:
3461:
3453:
3445:
3426:
3400:
3392:
3384:
3358:
3350:
3342:
3334:
3326:
3318:
3310:
3302:
3294:
3290:Khuen-Héderváry I
3286:
3278:
3270:
3262:
3254:
3246:
3238:
3230:
3222:
3214:
3188:
3180:
3172:
3113:
3112:
2970:Fourth government
2960:Second government
2330:"Topic Galleries"
2280:. theguardian.com
1831:
1830:
1781:
1678:
1585:
1410:
1315:Coalition members
1307:
1306:
867:
866:
807:
806:
750:Beginning of term
665:Thorbjorn Jagland
602:Guido Westerwelle
592:Venice Commission
588:Council of Europe
567:Thorbjorn Jagland
563:Council of Europe
539:On 5 March 2013,
515:On 1 March 2013,
334:Treaty of Trianon
290:National Assembly
255:
254:
240:Bajnai Government
218:Outgoing election
186:Attila Mesterházy
182:Opposition leader
3984:
3930:
3922:
3914:
3906:
3898:
3890:
3882:
3874:
3866:
3858:
3850:
3842:
3830:
3816:
3808:
3800:
3792:
3784:
3776:
3768:
3760:
3752:
3744:
3736:
3728:
3720:
3712:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3676:
3668:
3660:
3652:
3640:
3626:
3618:
3610:
3602:
3594:
3586:
3578:
3570:
3562:
3554:
3546:
3538:
3530:
3522:
3514:
3506:
3494:
3489:
3475:
3467:
3460:(June-July 1919)
3459:
3451:
3443:
3424:
3412:
3398:
3390:
3382:
3370:
3356:
3348:
3340:
3332:
3324:
3316:
3308:
3300:
3292:
3284:
3276:
3268:
3260:
3252:
3245:(March-Oct 1875)
3244:
3236:
3228:
3220:
3212:
3200:
3186:
3178:
3171:(March-Oct 1848)
3170:
3158:
3140:
3133:
3126:
3117:
3116:
3104:
3103:
2975:Fifth government
2965:Third government
2955:First government
2942:
2931:
2879:
2871:
2849:
2842:
2835:
2826:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2639:on 16 April 2014
2629:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2587:on 16 March 2013
2583:. Archived from
2577:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2551:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2535:on 16 April 2014
2525:
2519:
2518:
2512:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2482:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2454:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2409:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2381:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2306:. Archived from
2304:www.euronews.com
2296:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2251:
2245:
2244:
2238:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2217:. Archived from
2211:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2189:
2183:
2173:
2167:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2097:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2068:
2059:
2058:
2043:
2037:
2031:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2008:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1983:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1854:on 27 March 2014
1844:
1812:
1788:
1779:
1755:
1726:
1697:
1676:
1673:Tibor Navracsics
1669:
1643:
1616:
1592:
1583:
1559:
1535:
1506:
1477:
1452:Tibor Navracsics
1448:
1417:
1408:
1385:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1303:
1284:
1262:
1235:
1211:
1187:
1168:
1156:
1154:(ad temporarily)
1150:Tibor Navracsics
1144:
1122:
1103:
1081:
1062:
1038:
1025:Tibor Navracsics
1014:
990:
961:
948:Tibor Navracsics
942:
915:
874:
873:
817:
816:
757:
756:
681:Tibor Navracsics
661:Tibor Navracsics
456:higher education
416:Annamária Szalai
385:end of communism
330:Carpathian basin
322:dual citizenship
228:Legislature term
156:Opposition party
150:
55:
41:
25:
24:
3992:
3991:
3987:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3981:
3942:
3941:
3940:
3935:
3821:
3681:
3631:
3528:Simonyi-Semadam
3480:
3452:(May-June 1919)
3429:
3403:
3361:
3338:István Tisza II
3293:(June-Nov 1903)
3191:
3149:
3144:
3114:
3109:
3093:
3052:
3035:
2979:
2943:
2933:
2932:
2922:
2918:
2882:
2874:
2866:
2858:
2853:
2823:
2822:
2812:
2810:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2786:
2784:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2760:
2758:
2753:
2752:
2748:
2738:
2736:
2727:
2726:
2722:
2712:
2710:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2690:
2688:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2664:
2662:
2657:
2656:
2652:
2642:
2640:
2631:
2630:
2626:
2616:
2614:
2604:
2600:
2590:
2588:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2564:
2562:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2538:
2536:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2510:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2491:
2489:
2484:
2483:
2476:
2466:
2464:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2441:
2439:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2416:
2414:
2407:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2388:
2386:
2379:
2375:
2374:
2370:
2360:
2358:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2335:
2333:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2313:
2311:
2310:on 9 April 2013
2298:
2297:
2293:
2283:
2281:
2274:
2270:
2260:
2258:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2232:
2231:
2224:
2222:
2221:on 7 March 2013
2215:"Archived copy"
2213:
2212:
2208:
2198:
2196:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2174:
2170:
2164:Financial Times
2156:
2152:
2142:
2140:
2124:
2120:
2110:
2108:
2099:
2098:
2091:
2081:
2079:
2070:
2069:
2062:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2034:Gazeta Wyborcza
2019:
2018:
2014:
2009:, Hun media law
2006:
1998:
1994:
1977:
1971:
1967:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1905:
1903:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1883:
1881:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1857:
1855:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1778:
1701:Lászlóné Németh
1675:
1596:Miklós Réthelyi
1582:
1539:György Matolcsy
1438:
1406:
1365:Political party
1339:
1338:
1329:
1328:
1319:
1318:
1312:
1301:
1282:
1260:
1233:
1209:
1185:
1174:Lászlóné Németh
1166:
1152:
1142:
1120:
1101:
1090:Miklós Réthelyi
1079:
1060:
1049:György Matolcsy
1036:
1012:
988:
959:
940:
913:
872:
863:
847:
831:
812:
803:
787:
771:
752:
747:
745:Party breakdown
739:Victoria Nuland
727:
700:
657:
620:called for the
505:
499:
494:
452:
440:
431:private pension
303:
298:
196:András Schiffer
194:
189:
177:
151:
148:
136:
93:
88:
42:
32:
30:
23:
12:
11:
5:
3990:
3980:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3933:
3925:
3917:
3909:
3901:
3893:
3885:
3877:
3869:
3861:
3853:
3845:
3836:
3834:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3819:
3811:
3803:
3795:
3787:
3779:
3771:
3763:
3755:
3747:
3745:(Oct-Nov 1956)
3739:
3731:
3723:
3715:
3706:
3704:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3671:
3663:
3655:
3646:
3644:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3629:
3621:
3619:(Aug-Oct 1944)
3613:
3611:(Mar-Aug 1944)
3605:
3597:
3589:
3581:
3573:
3565:
3557:
3549:
3541:
3533:
3531:(Mar-Jul 1920)
3525:
3517:
3515:(Aug-Nov 1919)
3509:
3500:
3498:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3478:
3470:
3462:
3454:
3446:
3437:
3435:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3425:(Mar-Aug 1919)
3418:
3416:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3393:
3391:(Jan-Mar 1919)
3385:
3380:Mihály Károlyi
3376:
3374:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3359:
3351:
3349:(Jun-Aug 1917)
3343:
3335:
3327:
3319:
3311:
3303:
3298:István Tisza I
3295:
3287:
3279:
3271:
3263:
3255:
3247:
3239:
3231:
3223:
3215:
3206:
3204:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3189:
3187:(May-Aug 1849)
3181:
3173:
3164:
3162:
3151:
3150:
3143:
3142:
3135:
3128:
3120:
3111:
3110:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2987:
2985:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2944:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2890:
2888:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2872:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2852:
2851:
2844:
2837:
2829:
2821:
2820:
2794:
2768:
2746:
2720:
2698:
2672:
2650:
2624:
2598:
2572:
2546:
2520:
2499:
2474:
2462:Venice.coe.int
2449:
2424:
2396:
2368:
2343:
2321:
2291:
2268:
2246:
2206:
2184:
2175:Margit Feher:
2168:
2150:
2118:
2089:
2060:
2038:
2012:
1992:
1980:World Wide Web
1965:
1949:
1931:
1913:
1891:
1865:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1825:
1820:
1818:
1813:
1805:
1804:
1801:
1796:
1794:
1789:
1782:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1763:
1761:
1756:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1734:
1732:
1730:Sándor Fazekas
1727:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1705:
1703:
1698:
1690:
1689:
1686:
1681:
1679:
1670:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1651:
1649:
1644:
1637:
1633:
1632:
1629:
1624:
1622:
1617:
1609:
1608:
1605:
1600:
1598:
1593:
1586:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1567:
1565:
1560:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1543:
1541:
1536:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1519:
1514:
1512:
1510:János Martonyi
1507:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1485:
1483:
1478:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1461:
1456:
1454:
1449:
1442:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1425:
1423:
1418:
1411:
1402:
1401:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1386:
1379:
1377:Prime Minister
1373:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1251:
1246:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1224:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1200:
1198:Sándor Fazekas
1195:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1157:
1146:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1092:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1051:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1027:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1003:
998:
992:
991:
986:
981:
979:
977:János Martonyi
974:
968:
967:
963:
962:
957:
952:
950:
944:
943:
938:
933:
931:
926:
922:
921:
917:
916:
911:
906:
904:
899:
897:Prime Minister
893:
892:
888:
887:
884:
881:
878:
871:
868:
865:
864:
861:
859:
858:
857:
849:
848:
845:
843:
842:
841:
833:
832:
829:
827:
826:
825:
811:
808:
805:
804:
801:
799:
798:
797:
789:
788:
785:
783:
782:
781:
773:
772:
769:
767:
766:
765:
751:
748:
746:
743:
726:
723:
699:
696:
672:János Martonyi
656:
653:
641:Tavares Report
622:European Union
529:constitutional
519:international
498:
495:
493:
490:
481:Rózsa Hoffmann
451:
448:
439:
436:
369:Jyrki Katainen
342:János Martonyi
302:
299:
297:
294:
253:
252:
247:
243:
242:
237:
233:
232:
229:
225:
224:
219:
215:
214:
209:
205:
204:
200:
199:
183:
179:
178:
176:
175:
170:
165:
159:
157:
153:
152:
147:
142:
138:
137:
135:
134:
129:
123:
121:
117:
116:
113:
109:
108:
103:
99:
98:
82:
78:
77:
73:
72:
69:
68:Date dissolved
65:
64:
61:
57:
56:
48:
47:
34:
33:
28:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3989:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3949:
3947:
3929:
3926:
3921:
3918:
3913:
3910:
3905:
3902:
3897:
3894:
3889:
3886:
3881:
3878:
3873:
3870:
3865:
3862:
3857:
3854:
3849:
3846:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3829:
3824:
3815:
3812:
3807:
3804:
3799:
3796:
3791:
3788:
3783:
3780:
3775:
3772:
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145:Supermajority
143:
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85:László Sólyom
83:
81:Head of state
79:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
49:
46:
40:
35:
26:
21:
16:
3977:Viktor Orbán
3931:(since 2022)
3903:
3888:Gyurcsány II
3742:Imre Nagy II
3512:Friedrich II
3250:Kálmán Tisza
3099:
3047:Gáspár Orbán
2959:
2928:Viktor Orbán
2856:Viktor Orbán
2811:. Retrieved
2807:the original
2797:
2785:. Retrieved
2781:the original
2771:
2759:. Retrieved
2749:
2737:. Retrieved
2732:
2723:
2711:. Retrieved
2701:
2689:. Retrieved
2685:the original
2675:
2663:. Retrieved
2653:
2641:. Retrieved
2637:the original
2627:
2615:. Retrieved
2611:
2601:
2589:. Retrieved
2585:the original
2575:
2563:. Retrieved
2559:the original
2549:
2537:. Retrieved
2533:the original
2523:
2514:
2502:
2490:. Retrieved
2465:. Retrieved
2461:
2452:
2440:. Retrieved
2436:
2427:
2415:. Retrieved
2411:
2399:
2387:. Retrieved
2383:
2371:
2359:. Retrieved
2355:
2346:
2334:. Retrieved
2324:
2312:. Retrieved
2308:the original
2303:
2294:
2282:. Retrieved
2271:
2259:. Retrieved
2249:
2223:. Retrieved
2219:the original
2209:
2197:. Retrieved
2187:
2179:
2171:
2163:
2159:
2153:
2141:. Retrieved
2135:
2129:
2121:
2109:. Retrieved
2105:the original
2080:. Retrieved
2073:
2055:the original
2050:
2041:
2024:
2015:
2002:
1995:
1985:
1968:
1958:
1952:
1943:
1934:
1925:
1916:
1904:. Retrieved
1894:
1882:. Retrieved
1868:
1856:. Retrieved
1852:the original
1842:
1816:Mihály Varga
1653:
1620:Zoltán Balog
1563:Mihály Varga
1421:Zsolt Semjén
1389:Viktor Orbán
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1313:
1290:Mihály Varga
1249:Zsolt Semjén
1153:
1109:Zoltán Balog
1068:Mihály Varga
929:Zsolt Semjén
902:Viktor Orbán
855:Independents
813:
795:Independents
753:
736:
732:
728:
707:
704:
701:
693:
684:
669:
658:
650:
638:
635:
585:
581:
579:
559:human rights
556:
552:
548:
541:Michael Link
538:
514:
478:
471:
467:Ferenc Kumin
464:
462:phenomenon.
453:
441:
424:
408:
397:
382:
379:, March 2011
319:
304:
273:
265:
261:Viktor Orbán
258:
256:
120:Member party
106:Viktor Orbán
15:
3880:Gyurcsány I
3867:(1998-2002)
3726:Imre Nagy I
3666:Ferenc Nagy
3504:Friedrich I
3354:Wekerle III
3285:(1899-1903)
2948:Governments
2887:Premiership
1880:: Valasztas
1799:Independent
1759:Csaba Hende
1708:Independent
1655:Independent
1603:Independent
1488:Independent
1310:Composition
1278:Independent
1222:Csaba Hende
1181:Independent
1138:Independent
1097:Independent
1008:Independent
810:End of term
710:Chris Smith
614:Netherlands
460:brain drain
367:Orbán with
346:Robert Fico
292:by itself.
236:Predecessor
90:Pál Schmitt
71:6 June 2014
63:29 May 2010
60:Date formed
3946:Categories
3753:(Nov 1956)
3507:(Aug 1919)
3476:(Oct 1921)
3465:Szeged III
3444:(May 1919)
3399:(Aug 1919)
3314:Wekerle II
3074:Orbanomics
2729:"Hearings"
2314:3 February
2032:, quoting
2025:Presseurop
1834:References
966:Ministers
628:President
565:President
561:watchdog,
501:See also:
276:) was the
191:Gábor Vona
95:János Áder
3923:(2018-22)
3915:(2014-18)
3912:Orbán III
3907:(2010-14)
3899:(2009-10)
3891:(2006-09)
3883:(2004-06)
3875:(2002-04)
3872:Medgyessy
3859:(1994-98)
3851:(1993-94)
3843:(1990-93)
3817:(1988-90)
3809:(1987-88)
3801:(1975-87)
3793:(1967-75)
3785:(1965-67)
3777:(1961-65)
3769:(1958-61)
3761:(1956-58)
3737:(1955-56)
3729:(1953-55)
3721:(1952-53)
3713:(1948-52)
3677:(1947-48)
3669:(1946-47)
3661:(1945-46)
3653:(1944-45)
3627:(1944-45)
3603:(1942-44)
3595:(1941-42)
3587:(1939-41)
3584:Teleki II
3579:(1938-39)
3571:(1936-38)
3563:(1932-36)
3555:(1931-32)
3547:(1921-31)
3539:(1920-21)
3523:(1919-20)
3473:Rakovszky
3457:Szeged II
3383:(1918-19)
3357:(1917-18)
3346:Esterházy
3341:(1913-17)
3333:(1912-13)
3325:(1910-12)
3317:(1906-10)
3309:(1905-06)
3306:Fejérváry
3301:(1903-05)
3277:(1895-99)
3269:(1892-95)
3266:Wekerle I
3261:(1890-92)
3253:(1875-90)
3242:Wenckheim
3237:(1874-75)
3229:(1872-74)
3221:(1871-72)
3213:(1867-71)
3179:(1848-49)
3168:Batthyány
1370:In office
1360:Incumbent
1302:2012–2013
1283:2011–2012
1261:2014–2018
1234:2010–2014
1210:2010–2014
1186:2011–2014
1143:2010–2011
1121:2012–2014
1102:2010–2012
1080:2013–2014
1061:2010–2013
1037:2010–2014
1013:2010–2014
989:2010–2014
960:2010–2014
941:2010–2014
914:2010–2014
371:in at an
350:Ján Slota
340:. Though
326:Hungarian
270:Hungarian
246:Successor
231:2010–2014
3920:Orbán IV
3904:Orbán II
3774:Kádár II
3592:Bárdossy
3536:Teleki I
3449:Szeged I
3388:Berinkey
3210:Andrássy
2813:15 April
2787:15 April
2761:15 April
2733:Csce.gov
2713:15 April
2691:15 April
2665:15 April
2643:15 April
2617:15 April
2591:27 March
2565:15 April
2539:15 April
2492:15 April
2336:15 April
2284:15 April
2261:15 April
2235:cite web
2199:15 April
2111:15 April
2082:15 April
2051:Observer
1884:17 April
718:Congress
377:Helsinki
338:Slovakia
208:Election
193:(Jobbik)
97:(Fidesz)
92:(Fidesz)
3928:Orbán V
3864:Orbán I
3766:Münnich
3758:Kádár I
3734:Hegedüs
3674:Dinnyés
3624:Szálasi
3616:Lakatos
3608:Sztójay
3568:Darányi
3544:Bethlen
3258:Szapáry
3184:Szemere
3057:Related
2612:Reuters
2225:17 June
877:Office
618:Finland
610:Denmark
474:bursars
412:forints
328:in the
296:History
203:History
3896:Bajnai
3848:Boross
3840:Antall
3814:Németh
3782:Kállai
3718:Rákosi
3600:Kállay
3576:Imrédy
3560:Gömbös
3520:Huszár
3330:Lukács
3274:Bánffy
3226:Szlávy
3218:Lónyay
3064:Fidesz
3040:Family
1944:Fidesz
1906:29 May
1823:Fidesz
1766:Fidesz
1737:Fidesz
1684:Fidesz
1627:Fidesz
1570:Fidesz
1546:Fidesz
1517:Fidesz
1459:Fidesz
1396:Fidesz
1350:Office
1340:
1337:, and
1332:
1330:
1324:Fidesz
1322:
1320:
1297:Fidesz
1229:Fidesz
1205:Fidesz
1162:Fidesz
1116:Fidesz
1075:Fidesz
1056:Fidesz
1032:Fidesz
984:Fidesz
955:Fidesz
909:Fidesz
883:Party
823:Fidesz
763:Fidesz
612:, the
604:, the
400:Poland
389:Jobbik
282:Fidesz
188:(MSZP)
168:Jobbik
127:Fidesz
87:(Ind.)
3806:Grósz
3798:Lázár
3658:Tildy
3396:Peidl
3282:Széll
3234:Bittó
3049:(son)
2739:8 May
2511:(PDF)
2467:8 May
2442:8 May
2417:8 May
2408:(PDF)
2389:8 May
2380:(PDF)
2361:8 May
2143:8 May
2007:(PDF)
1858:5 May
1355:Image
886:Term
880:Name
547:, in
198:(LMP)
43:70th
3856:Horn
3790:Fock
3710:Dobi
3441:Arad
3031:2022
3026:2018
3021:2014
3016:2010
3011:2006
3006:2002
3001:1998
2996:1994
2991:1990
2815:2014
2789:2014
2763:2014
2741:2018
2715:2014
2693:2014
2667:2014
2645:2014
2619:2014
2593:2013
2567:2014
2541:2014
2494:2014
2469:2018
2444:2018
2419:2018
2391:2018
2363:2018
2338:2014
2316:2022
2286:2014
2263:2014
2241:link
2227:2023
2201:2014
2145:2018
2113:2014
2084:2014
1982:log)
1908:2010
1886:2010
1860:2010
1428:KDNP
1334:KDNP
1256:KDNP
1167:2011
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