3317:
133:
3303:
36:
3341:
3329:
807:. A system of a large number of particles is characterized by the mean values of a relatively few number of macroscopic quantities such as temperature, energy, and density. The standard deviation is an important measure in fluctuation theory, which explains many physical phenomena, including why the sky is blue.
840:(MPS) is a change from one probability distribution A to another probability distribution B, where B is formed by spreading out one or more portions of A's probability density function while leaving the mean (the expected value) unchanged. The concept of a mean-preserving spread provides a
828:, that is, one and the same subject differing in tests taken at different times or in other differing conditions. Such types of variability are also seen in the arena of manufactured products; even there, the meticulous scientist finds variation.
581:: While the entropy of a discrete variable is location-invariant and scale-independent, and therefore not a measure of dispersion in the above sense, the entropy of a continuous variable is location invariant and additive in scale: If
844:
of probability distributions according to their dispersions: of two probability distributions, one may be ranked as having more dispersion than the other, or alternatively neither may be ranked as having more dispersion.
725:
470:
176:. For instance, when the variance of data in a set is large, the data is widely scattered. On the other hand, when the variance is small, the data in the set is clustered.
803:
in interpreting and reporting the measured results. One may assume that the quantity being measured is stable, and that the variation between measurements is due to
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being measured. In other words, if the measurements are in metres or seconds, so is the measure of dispersion. Examples of dispersion measures include:
136:
Example of samples from two populations with the same mean but different dispersion. The blue population is much more dispersed than the red population.
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79:
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119:
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2918:
2792:
68:
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1343:
814:, the quantity being measured is seldom unchanging and stable, and the variation observed might additionally be
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2239:
2046:
1935:
1893:
57:
1967:
795:, such variability may result from random measurement errors: instrument measurements are often not perfectly
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822:, that is, distinct members of a population differing from each other. Also, it may be due to
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1837:
1599:
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772:
555:. In other words, they have no units even if the variable itself has units. These include:
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that is zero if all the data are the same and increases as the data become more diverse.
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All the above measures of statistical dispersion have the useful property that they are
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is stretched or squeezed. Common examples of measures of statistical dispersion are the
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1021:
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792:
738:(the square of the standard deviation) â location-invariant but not linear in scale.
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Rothschild, Michael; Stiglitz, Joseph (1970). "Increasing risk I: A definition".
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Statistical property quantifying how much a collection of data is spread out
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can be used for applications where the noise disrupts convergence. The
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183:, and together they are the most used properties of distributions.
165:
775:, it is less common to measure dispersion by a single number; see
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2157:
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can be used to counteract linear frequency drift sensitivity.
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756:, as count data are themselves dimensionless, not otherwise.
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760:
Some measures of dispersion have specialized purposes. The
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Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH)
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60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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914:NIST/SEMATECH e-Handbook of Statistical Methods.
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2492:Multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS)
934:"Allan Variance -- Overview by David W. Allan"
1047:
526:, that is, ignores a preceding negative sign
233:(also known as Gini mean absolute difference)
779:. One measure that does so is the discrete
1092:
1054:
1040:
273:are those unaffected by a small number of
202:Most measures of dispersion have the same
179:Dispersion is contrasted with location or
1705:
980:
254:These are frequently used (together with
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
916:"1.3.6.4. Location and Scale Parameters"
731:There are other measures of dispersion:
610:is the entropy of a continuous variable
131:
14:
3360:
3018:KaplanâMeier estimator (product limit)
3091:
2658:
2405:
1704:
1474:
1091:
1035:
3368:Statistical deviation and dispersion
3328:
3028:Accelerated failure time (AFT) model
818:to the phenomenon: It may be due to
266:, in which capacity they are called
245:(or simply called average deviation)
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
3340:
2623:Analysis of variance (ANOVA, anova)
1475:
24:
2718:CochranâMantelâHaenszel statistics
1344:Pearson product-moment correlation
565:Quartile coefficient of dispersion
187:Measures of statistical dispersion
25:
3389:
720:{\displaystyle H(z)=H(x)+\log(a)}
549:Other measures of dispersion are
193:measure of statistical dispersion
3339:
3327:
3315:
3302:
3301:
3092:
832:A partial ordering of dispersion
34:
2977:Least-squares spectral analysis
752:is used and when this ratio is
277:, and include the IQR and MAD.
45:needs additional citations for
1958:Mean-unbiased minimum-variance
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922:. U.S. Department of Commerce.
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681:
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597:
591:
488:
480:
465:{\displaystyle S_{Y}=|a|S_{X}}
448:
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13:
1:
3271:Geographic information system
2487:Simultaneous equations models
981:McQuarrie, Donald A. (1976).
900:
2454:Coefficient of determination
2065:Uniformly most powerful test
1022:10.1016/0022-0531(70)90038-4
870:Probability density function
825:intra-individual variability
820:inter-individual variability
7:
3023:Proportional hazards models
2967:Spectral density estimation
2949:Vector autoregression (VAR)
2383:Maximum posterior estimator
1615:Randomized controlled trial
848:
797:precise, i.e., reproducible
249:Distance standard deviation
160:) is the extent to which a
10:
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2783:Multivariate distributions
1203:Average absolute deviation
1009:Journal of Economic Theory
799:, and there is additional
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243:Average absolute deviation
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1522:Sample size determination
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750:coefficient of dispersion
237:Median absolute deviation
3266:Environmental statistics
2788:Elliptical distributions
2581:Generalized linear model
2510:Simple linear regression
2280:HodgesâLehmann estimator
1737:Probability distribution
1646:Stochastic approximation
1208:Coefficient of variation
985:. NY: Harper & Row.
890:Robust measures of scale
570:Relative mean difference
560:Coefficient of variation
271:Robust measures of scale
231:Mean absolute difference
69:"Statistical dispersion"
2926:Cross-correlation (XCF)
2534:Non-standard predictors
1968:LehmannâScheffĂ© theorem
1641:Adaptive clinical trial
880:Measurement uncertainty
801:inter-rater variability
419:should have dispersion
288:. This means that if a
18:Scattering (statistics)
3378:Accuracy and precision
3322:Mathematics portal
3143:Engineering statistics
3051:NelsonâAalen estimator
2628:Analysis of covariance
2515:Ordinary least squares
2439:Pearson product-moment
1843:Statistical functional
1754:Empirical distribution
1587:Controlled experiments
1316:Frequency distribution
1094:Descriptive statistics
885:Precision (statistics)
838:mean-preserving spread
742:Variance-to-mean ratio
721:
659:
658:{\displaystyle z=ax+b}
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370:
369:{\displaystyle Y=aX+b}
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137:
3238:Population statistics
3180:System identification
2914:Autocorrelation (ACF)
2842:Exponential smoothing
2756:Discriminant analysis
2751:Canonical correlation
2615:Partition of variance
2477:Regression validation
2321:(JonckheereâTerpstra)
2220:Likelihood-ratio test
1909:Frequentist inference
1821:Locationâscale family
1742:Sampling distribution
1707:Statistical inference
1674:Cross-sectional study
1661:Observational studies
1620:Randomized experiment
1449:Stem-and-leaf display
1251:Central limit theorem
983:Statistical Mechanics
875:Qualitative variation
777:qualitative variation
773:categorical variables
722:
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605:
572:, equal to twice the
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467:
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340:linear transformation
333:
331:{\displaystyle S_{X}}
306:
135:
3161:Probabilistic design
2746:Principal components
2589:Exponential families
2541:Nonlinear regression
2520:General linear model
2482:Mixed effects models
2472:Errors and residuals
2449:Confounding variable
2351:Bayesian probability
2329:Van der Waerden test
2319:Ordered alternative
2084:Multiple comparisons
1963:RaoâBlackwellization
1926:Estimating equations
1882:Statistical distance
1600:Factorial experiment
1133:Arithmetic-Geometric
669:
634:
614:
603:{\displaystyle H(z)}
585:
530:
510:
476:
423:
403:
383:
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315:
311:has a dispersion of
295:
54:improve this article
3233:Official statistics
3156:Methods engineering
2837:Seasonal adjustment
2605:Poisson regressions
2525:Bayesian regression
2464:Regression analysis
2444:Partial correlation
2416:Regression analysis
2015:Prediction interval
2010:Likelihood interval
2000:Confidence interval
1992:Interval estimation
1953:Unbiased estimators
1771:Model specification
1651:Up-and-down designs
1339:Partial correlation
1295:Index of dispersion
1213:Interquartile range
958:"Hadamard Variance"
860:Circular dispersion
812:biological sciences
805:observational error
495:{\displaystyle |a|}
268:estimates of scale.
220:Interquartile range
174:interquartile range
3373:Summary statistics
3253:Spatial statistics
3133:Medical statistics
3033:First hitting time
2987:Whittle likelihood
2638:Degrees of freedom
2633:Multivariate ANOVA
2566:Heteroscedasticity
2378:Bayesian estimator
2343:Bayesian inference
2192:KolmogorovâSmirnov
2077:Randomization test
2047:Testing hypotheses
2020:Tolerance interval
1931:Maximum likelihood
1826:Exponential family
1759:Density estimation
1719:Statistical theory
1679:Natural experiment
1625:Scientific control
1542:Survey methodology
1228:Standard deviation
938:www.allanstime.com
895:Summary statistics
744:â mostly used for
717:
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282:location-invariant
215:Standard deviation
170:standard deviation
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3228:National accounts
3198:Actuarial science
3190:Social statistics
3083:
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3010:Survival function
2995:
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2857:Granger causality
2698:Contingency table
2673:Survival analysis
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2502:Linear regression
2397:
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2368:Credible interval
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1936:Method of moments
1805:Parametric family
1766:Statistical model
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1610:Random assignment
1532:Statistical power
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1311:Contingency table
1281:
1280:
1148:Generalized/power
865:Dispersion matrix
793:physical sciences
766:Hadamard variance
623:{\displaystyle z}
539:{\displaystyle -}
519:{\displaystyle a}
412:{\displaystyle b}
392:{\displaystyle a}
304:{\displaystyle X}
195:is a nonnegative
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104:
16:(Redirected from
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2852:Structural break
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2761:Cluster analysis
2708:Log-linear model
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2230:Cross validation
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2197:AndersonâDarling
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2102:Likelihood-ratio
2094:Parametric tests
2072:Permutation test
2055:1- & 2-tails
1946:Minimum distance
1918:Point estimation
1914:
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1865:Optimal decision
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1684:Quasi-experiment
1634:Adaptive designs
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1975:Median unbiased
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286:linear in scale
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3081:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3047:
3045:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3014:
3012:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2963:
2961:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2922:
2921:
2919:partial (PACF)
2910:
2908:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2880:
2875:
2869:
2867:
2866:Specific tests
2863:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2818:
2816:
2809:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2780:
2779:
2778:
2768:
2766:Classification
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2732:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2715:
2713:McNemar's test
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2689:
2687:
2677:
2676:
2652:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2619:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2591:
2585:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2551:Semiparametric
2548:
2543:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2506:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2468:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2435:
2433:
2423:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2413:
2407:
2399:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2364:
2363:
2358:
2347:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2331:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2316:
2308:
2292:
2289:(MannâWhitney)
2284:
2283:
2282:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2256:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2222:
2217:
2214:(ShapiroâWilk)
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2181:
2175:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2155:
2146:
2134:
2128:
2126:Specific tests
2122:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2098:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2057:
2051:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1996:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1922:
1920:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1879:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1773:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1723:
1721:
1711:
1710:
1698:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1665:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1591:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1579:
1577:Standard error
1574:
1569:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1546:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1507:Optimal design
1504:
1499:
1493:
1491:
1481:
1480:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1380:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1346:
1341:
1335:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1307:
1305:
1304:Summary tables
1301:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1291:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1253:
1247:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1199:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1138:Contraharmonic
1135:
1130:
1119:
1117:
1108:
1098:
1097:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1059:
1058:
1051:
1044:
1036:
1028:
1027:
1016:(3): 225â243.
998:
991:
973:
962:www.wriley.com
949:
925:
905:
904:
902:
899:
898:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
850:
847:
833:
830:
788:
785:
762:Allan variance
758:
757:
748:when the term
739:
729:
728:
716:
713:
710:
707:
704:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
654:
651:
648:
645:
642:
639:
619:
599:
596:
593:
590:
576:
567:
562:
535:
515:
504:absolute value
490:
486:
482:
459:
455:
450:
446:
442:
438:
433:
429:
408:
388:
365:
362:
359:
356:
353:
350:
325:
321:
300:
252:
251:
246:
240:
234:
228:
223:
217:
188:
185:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3390:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3348:
3347:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3318:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3300:
3299:
3296:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3276:Geostatistics
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3250:
3244:
3243:Psychometrics
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3106:Biostatistics
3103:
3099:
3095:
3090:
3086:
3068:
3067:Log-rank test
3065:
3064:
3062:
3058:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2938:(BoxâJenkins)
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2903:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2891:DurbinâWatson
2889:
2887:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2873:DickeyâFuller
2871:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2847:Cointegration
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2822:Decomposition
2820:
2819:
2817:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2804:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2725:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2693:Cohen's kappa
2691:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2657:
2653:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2578:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2546:Nonparametric
2544:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2532:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2461:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2330:
2327:
2323:
2317:
2315:
2309:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2296:
2295:Nonparametric
2293:
2291:
2285:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2270:
2266:
2265:Sample median
2263:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2249:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2168:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2147:
2145:
2140:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2085:
2082:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1871:
1870:loss function
1868:
1867:
1866:
1863:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1803:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1784:
1781:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1764:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1703:
1699:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1572:Questionnaire
1570:
1568:
1565:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1469:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1399:Control chart
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1086:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1057:
1052:
1050:
1045:
1043:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1002:
994:
992:0-06-044366-9
988:
984:
977:
963:
959:
953:
939:
935:
929:
921:
917:
910:
906:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
852:
846:
843:
839:
829:
827:
826:
821:
817:
813:
808:
806:
802:
798:
794:
784:
782:
778:
774:
769:
767:
763:
755:
754:dimensionless
751:
747:
743:
740:
737:
734:
733:
732:
711:
705:
702:
699:
693:
687:
684:
678:
672:
652:
649:
646:
643:
640:
637:
617:
594:
588:
580:
577:
575:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
557:
556:
554:
553:
552:dimensionless
547:
533:
513:
505:
484:
457:
453:
444:
436:
431:
427:
406:
386:
379:
363:
360:
357:
354:
351:
348:
341:
323:
319:
298:
291:
287:
283:
278:
276:
272:
269:
265:
261:
257:
256:scale factors
250:
247:
244:
241:
238:
235:
232:
229:
227:
224:
221:
218:
216:
213:
212:
211:
209:
205:
200:
198:
194:
184:
182:
177:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
148:(also called
147:
143:
134:
124:
121:
113:
110:December 2010
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: â
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
3344:
3332:
3313:
3306:
3218:Econometrics
3168: /
3151:Chemometrics
3128:Epidemiology
3121: /
3094:Applications
2936:ARIMA model
2883:Q-statistic
2832:Stationarity
2728:Multivariate
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2665:Multivariate
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2373:Bayes factor
2272:Signed rank
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1833:Completeness
1669:Cohort study
1567:Opinion poll
1502:Missing data
1489:Study design
1444:Scatter plot
1366:Scatter plot
1359:Spearman's Ï
1321:Grouped data
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965:. Retrieved
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52:Please help
47:verification
44:
3346:WikiProject
3261:Cartography
3223:Jurimetrics
3175:Reliability
2906:Time domain
2885:(LjungâBox)
2807:Time-series
2685:Categorical
2669:Time-series
2661:Categorical
2596:(Bernoulli)
2431:Correlation
2411:Correlation
2207:JarqueâBera
2179:Chi-squared
1941:M-estimator
1894:Asymptotics
1838:Sufficiency
1605:Interaction
1517:Replication
1497:Effect size
1454:Violin plot
1434:Radar chart
1414:Forest plot
1404:Correlogram
1354:Kendall's Ï
197:real number
150:variability
3362:Categories
3213:Demography
2931:ARMA model
2736:Regression
2313:(Friedman)
2274:(Wilcoxon)
2212:Normality
2202:Lilliefors
2149:Student's
2025:Resampling
1899:Robustness
1887:divergence
1877:Efficiency
1815:(monotone)
1810:Likelihood
1727:Population
1560:Stratified
1512:Population
1331:Dependence
1287:Count data
1218:Percentile
1195:Dispersion
1128:Arithmetic
1063:Statistics
967:2021-09-16
943:2021-09-16
901:References
746:count data
260:estimators
146:dispersion
142:statistics
80:newspapers
2594:Logistic
2361:posterior
2287:Rank sum
2035:Jackknife
2030:Bootstrap
1848:Bootstrap
1783:Parameter
1732:Statistic
1527:Statistic
1439:Run chart
1424:Pie chart
1419:Histogram
1409:Fan chart
1384:Bar chart
1266:L-moments
1153:Geometric
816:intrinsic
706:
534:−
3308:Category
3001:Survival
2878:Johansen
2601:Binomial
2556:Isotonic
2143:(normal)
1788:location
1595:Blocking
1550:Sampling
1429:QâQ plot
1394:Box plot
1376:Graphics
1271:Skewness
1261:Kurtosis
1233:Variance
1163:Heronian
1158:Harmonic
849:See also
736:Variance
472:, where
275:outliers
208:quantity
166:variance
3334:Commons
3281:Kriging
3166:Process
3123:studies
2982:Wavelet
2815:General
1982:Plug-in
1776:L space
1555:Cluster
1256:Moments
1074:Outline
855:Average
810:In the
791:In the
787:Sources
781:entropy
665:, then
579:Entropy
502:is the
338:then a
206:as the
154:scatter
94:scholar
3203:Census
2793:Normal
2741:Manova
2561:Robust
2311:2-way
2303:1-way
2141:-test
1812:
1389:Biplot
1180:Median
1173:Lehmer
1115:Center
989:
172:, and
158:spread
96:
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2827:Trend
2356:prior
2298:anova
2187:-test
2161:-test
2153:-test
2060:Power
2005:Pivot
1798:shape
1793:scale
1243:Shape
1223:Range
1168:Heinz
1143:Cubic
1079:Index
258:) as
239:(MAD)
226:Range
222:(IQR)
204:units
156:, or
101:JSTOR
87:books
3060:Test
2260:Sign
2112:Wald
1185:Mode
1123:Mean
987:ISBN
771:For
630:and
399:and
378:real
376:for
284:and
73:news
2240:BIC
2235:AIC
1018:doi
703:log
506:of
262:of
140:In
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