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As of 2016, there was no effective forest management. The soil is fertile, and there is pressure to allow the park area to be turned over to soya farming. From 1989 onward, the forest has been steadily cleared, and grassland has been converted for use as pasture or farmland. As of 2007, more than 22%
239:
VI. The 2002 change was reversed in 2005. A decision regarding whether the park will formally be declared either a national park or a managed resources reserve is still pending. The NGO Guyra
Paraguay has purchased 6,500 hectares (16,000 acres) of land in the park, which it manages as a protected
234:
The park was declared an "Area
Reserved for a National Park" in 1992, with an area of 78,000 hectares (190,000 acres). All of the land is privately owned, leading to disputes over the designation, and in 2002 the area was declared a "managed resources reserve". This is equivalent to the
248:
Temperatures range from 17 to 23.8 °C (62.6 to 74.8 °F), with the hottest period in
October–April and the coolest period in May–September. Average annual rainfall is 2,100 millimetres (83 in). Rain falls throughout the year, but the wettest months are October–February.
198:, grasslands, and wetlands. Though it was declared in 1992 that the area was to be reserved as a national park, no further steps have been taken to formalize its status. The area is under threat both from large-scale farming and from small
292:). The park is home to four globally threatened large mammals. Over 400 species of birds have been identified in the park, the greatest number of any site in Paraguay. Twelve of the species are globally threatened, including the
349:
of the original area had been drastically modified. The region is threatened by large-scale intensive agriculture, unsustainable slash-and-burn agriculture, and fires. Only a tenuous link now connects San Rafael to the
489:
Esquivel M., Alberto; Velázquez, Myriam C.; Bodrati, Alejandro; Fraga, Rosendo; Del
Castillo, Hugo; Klavins, Juan; Clay, Robert P.; Madroño, Alberto; Peris, Salvador J. (2007),
268:
basin. About 80% of the area is forest-covered. It also has broad stretches of natural grasslands and wetlands in the northern part of
Paraguay's mesopotamian grasslands.
350:
583:
112:
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226:, which aims to provide forest connections between conservation units in Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina in the Upper Paraná ecoregion.
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basin, in the San Rafael Hills. Elevations are from 100 to 500 metres (330 to 1,640 ft). The park would be part of the proposed
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491:"Status of the avifauna of San Rafael National Park, one of the last large fragments of Atlantic Forest in Paraguay"
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departments. It has an area of 69,304 hectares (171,250 acres). The park is in the upper
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Araújo Corte, Dione Angélica de; Valladares-Pádua, Cláudio
Benedito (November 2007),
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biome. San Rafael is in a region of transition from tall, humid forests in the
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Plano de Manejo da Estação Ecológica Mico-Leão-Preto
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The San Rafael
National Park is divided between the
256:, a particularly threatened type of forest in the
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82:
382:Forests of Hope site ... BirdLife International
533:Forests of Hope site - San Rafael, Paraguay
308:). The park holds important populations of
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411:Araújo Corte & Valladares-Pádua 2007
584:Protected areas of the Atlantic Forest
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264:basin to lower, drier forests in the
441:Parque Nacional San Rafael – ECOSARA
19:For the national park in Chile, see
254:Alto Paraná Lowland Atlantic Forest
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16:Protected area in ItapĂşa, Paraguay
14:
595:
478:(in Portuguese), BrasĂlia: ICMBio
224:Trinational Biodiversity Corridor
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194:in Paraguay covering an area of
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74:
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495:Bird Conservation International
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147:69,304 hectares (171,250 acres)
21:Laguna San Rafael National Park
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1:
237:IUCN protected area category
7:
252:The park covers an area of
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10:
600:
579:National parks of Paraguay
549:Parque Nacional San Rafael
461:
343:
188:Parque Nacional San Rafael
61:Handroanthus impetiginosus
34:Parque Nacional San Rafael
18:
508:10.1017/s095927090700086x
302:black-fronted piping guan
294:vinaceous-breasted amazon
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64:in the San Rafael Reserve
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38:
33:
28:
536:, BirdLife International
356:
334:saffron-cowled blackbird
322:Platyrinchus leucoryphus
180:San Rafael National Park
29:San Rafael National Park
453:Esquivel M. et al. 2007
426:Esquivel M. et al. 2007
399:Esquivel M. et al. 2007
318:russet-winged spadebill
128:26.458359°S 55.697418°W
187:
133:-26.458359; -55.697418
351:Caazapá National Park
286:South American tapir
276:Mammals include the
330:Alectrurus tricolor
310:helmeted woodpecker
124: /
326:cock-tailed tyrant
290:Tapirus terrestris
338:Xanthopsar flavus
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100:ItapĂşa Department
96:Nearest city
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574:IUCN Category II
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306:Pipile jacutinga
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314:Celeus galeatus
298:Amazona vinacea
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258:Atlantic Forest
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220:Tebicuary River
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196:Atlantic Forest
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266:Paraguay River
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282:Panthera onca
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272:Notable fauna
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170:Administrator
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41:IUCN category
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522:, retrieved
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262:Paraná River
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230:Legal status
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518:11336/80904
244:Environment
152:Designation
131: /
107:Coordinates
568:Categories
556:2016-11-08
540:2016-11-08
524:2016-11-08
482:2016-11-07
284:) and the
119:55°41′51″W
116:26°27′30″S
102:, Paraguay
552:, ECOSARA
202:farmers.
206:Location
462:Sources
344:Threats
216:Caazapá
184:Spanish
162:Created
332:) and
300:) and
278:jaguar
240:area.
212:ItapĂşa
501:(4),
476:(PDF)
357:Notes
214:and
173:none
165:1992
144:Area
43:II (
513:hdl
503:doi
340:).
324:),
316:),
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23:.
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