1906 San Francisco earthquake

1202: 561: 1929: 1412: 1811:

of her death, aged 108, leaving Herbert Hamrol (1903–2009) as the last known remaining survivor at the time of his death, aged 106. Another survivor, Libera Armstrong (1902–2007), attended the 2006 anniversary but died in 2007, aged 105. Shortly after Hamrol's death, two additional survivors were discovered. William Del Monte, then 103, and Jeanette Scola Trapani (1902–2009), 106, stated that they stopped attending events commemorating the earthquake when it became too much trouble for them. Del Monte and another survivor, Rose Cliver (1902–2012), then 106, attended the earthquake reunion celebration on April 18, 2009, the 103rd anniversary of the earthquake. Nancy Stoner Sage (1905–2010) died, aged 105, in

1841: 553: 2161: 1677: 807: 1549:), but did not have a hospital of its own. Following the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, more than 40,000 people were relocated to a makeshift tent city in Golden Gate Park and were treated by the faculty of the Affiliated Colleges. This brought the school, which until then was located on the western outskirts of the city, in contact with significant population and fueled the commitment of the school towards civic responsibility and health care, increasing the momentum towards the construction of its own health facilities. In April 1907, one of the buildings was renovated for outpatient care with 75 beds. This created the need to train nursing students, and the 1661: 1126: 1696:, and were grouped in eleven camps, packed close to each other and rented to people for two dollars per month until rebuilding was completed. They were painted navy blue, partly to blend in with the site and partly because the military had large quantities of navy blue paint on hand. The camps had a peak population of 16,448 people, but by 1907 most people had moved out. The camps were then re-used as garages, storage spaces or shops. The cottages cost on average $ 100 to build. The $ 2 monthly rents went towards the full purchase price of $ 50. The last official refugee camp was closed on June 30, 1908. 1987: 1669: 1887: 1704:

back from making these changes before 1906: the presence of old residential buildings. In reconstruction, developers built relatively fewer of these buildings, and the majority of the reduction came through single-family houses. Also, aside from merely expanding nonresidential uses in many neighborhoods, the fire created economic opportunities in new areas, resulting in clusters of business activity that emerged only in the wake of the disaster. These effects of the fire still remain today, and thus large shocks can be sufficient catalysts for permanently reshaping urban settings."

73: 1257: 1095:, operating the busiest port on the West Coast. It was the "gateway to the Pacific", through which growing U.S. economic and military power was projected into the Pacific and Asia. Over 80% of the city was destroyed by the earthquake and fire. Though San Francisco rebuilt quickly, the disaster diverted trade, industry, and population growth south to Los Angeles, which during the 20th century became the largest and most important urban area in the West. Many of the city's leading poets and writers retreated to 2025: 1420: 1375: 58: 2133: 1522: 1713: 2147: 1840: 1741:

enough to get families on their feet again, and consequently the burden was placed on wealthier members of the city, who were reluctant to assist in the rebuilding of homes they were not responsible for. All residents were eligible for daily meals served from a number of communal soup kitchens, and citizens as far away as Idaho and Utah were known to send daily loaves of bread to San Francisco as relief supplies were coordinated by the railroads.

2024: 1193: 1281: 234: 1637:. Others that had not been destroyed were dynamited by the Army forces aiding the firefighting efforts in attempts to create firebreaks. As one indirect result, the wealthy looked westward where the land was cheap and relatively undeveloped, and where there were better views. Constructing new mansions without reclaiming and clearing rubble simply sped attaining new homes in the tent city during the reconstruction. 206: 1510: 192: 164: 136: 94: 150: 122: 178: 80: 220: 108: 1928: 1462:

discussion was being stifled by fears that acknowledgement of earthquakes would drive away business and investors, and that geologists were told not to gather information about the 1906 earthquake, and certainly to not publish it. Some people went as far as to deny that an earthquake had happened. Branner argued that preparation for earthquakes was possible and necessary:

1390:, Commanding Officer of the Pacific Division, over 4,000 federal troops saw service during the emergency. Police officers, firefighters, and soldiers would regularly commandeer passing civilians for work details to remove rubble and assist in rescues. On July 1, 1906, non-military authorities assumed responsibility for relief efforts, and the Army withdrew from the city. 1886: 1506:. 'They'll cut it out of the frame,' he says, a little anxiously. 'Sure.' But there is no doubt anywhere that San Francisco can be rebuilt, larger, better, and soon. Just as there would be none at all if all this New York that has so obsessed me with its limitless bigness was itself a blazing ruin. I believe these people would more than half like the situation." 1986: 1423: 1422: 1428: 1426: 1421: 1427: 1264: 1386:, post office, and county jail. They aided the fire department in dynamiting to demolish buildings in the path of the fires. The Army also became responsible for feeding, sheltering, and clothing the tens of thousands of displaced residents of the city. Under the command of Funston's superior, Major General 1810:

Eleven survivors of the 1906 earthquake attended the centennial commemorations in 2006, including Irma Mae Weule (1899–2008), who was the oldest survivor of the quake at the time of her death in August 2008, aged 109. Vivian Illing (1900–2009) was believed to be the second-oldest survivor at the time

1703:

A 2017 study found that the fire had the effect of increasing the share of land used for nonresidential purposes: "Overall, relative to unburned blocks, residential land shares on burned blocks fell while nonresidential land shares rose by 1931. The study also provides insight into what held the city

1609:

City fathers likewise attempted at the time to eliminate the Chinese population and export Chinatown (and other poor populations) to the edge of the county where the Chinese could still contribute to the local taxbase. The Chinese occupants had other ideas and prevailed instead. Chinatown was rebuilt

1137:

As damaging as the earthquake and its aftershocks were, the fires that burned out of control afterward were far more destructive. It has been estimated that at least 80%, and at most over 95%, of the total destruction was the result of the subsequent fires. Within three days, over 30 fires, caused by

1491:

had just arrived in New York on his first visit to America when he learned of the San Francisco earthquake. What struck him about the reaction of those around him was that "it does not seem to have affected any one with a sense of final destruction, with any foreboding of irreparable disaster. Every

1393:

On April 18, in response to riots among evacuees and looting, Mayor Schmitz issued and ordered posted a proclamation that "The Federal Troops, the members of the Regular Police Force and all Special Police Officers have been authorized by me to kill any and all persons found engaged in Looting or in

1782:

After the 1906 earthquake, global discussion arose concerning a legally flawless exclusion of the earthquake hazard from fire insurance contracts. It was pressed ahead mainly by re-insurers. Their aim: a uniform solution to insurance payouts resulting from fires caused by earthquakes. Until 1910, a

1727:

During the first few days after news of the disaster reached the rest of the world, relief efforts reached over $ 5,000,000, equivalent to $ 169,560,000 in 2023. London raised hundreds of thousands of dollars. Individual citizens and businesses donated large sums of money for the relief effort:

1581:

at its peak. But this plan was dismissed during the aftermath of the earthquake. For example, real estate investors and other land owners were against the idea because of the large amount of land the city would have to purchase to realize such proposals. While the original street grid was restored,

795: 661:

Analysis of triangulation data before and after the earthquake strongly suggests that the rupture along the San Andreas Fault was about 310 miles (500 km) in length, in agreement with observed intensity data. The available seismological data support a significantly shorter rupture length, but

614:

preceded the main shock by about 20 to 25 seconds. The strong shaking of the main shock lasted about 42 seconds. There were decades of minor earthquakes – more than at any other time in the historical record for northern California – before the 1906 quake. Previously interpreted as precursory

1815:

just three days short of the 104th anniversary of the earthquake on April 18, 2010. Del Monte attended the event at Lotta's Fountain in 2010. 107-year-old George Quilici (1905–2012) died in May 2012, and 113-year-old Ruth Newman (1901–2015) in July 2015. William Del Monte (1906–2016), who died 11

1480:

at the time of the earthquake and traveled into San Francisco to observe first-hand its aftermath. He was most impressed by the positive attitude of the survivors and the speed with which they improvised services and created order out of chaos. This formed the basis of the chapter "On some Mental

1458:) had evacuated its funds and was able to provide liquidity in the immediate aftermath. Its president also immediately chartered and financed the sending of two ships to return with shiploads of lumber from Washington and Oregon mills which provided the initial reconstruction materials and surge. 1445:

emphasized the need to rebuild quickly: "This is not the first time that San Francisco has been destroyed by fire, I have not the slightest doubt that the City by the Golden Gate will be speedily rebuilt, and will, almost before we know it, resume her former great activity". The earthquake is not

1425: 1102:

The 1908 Lawson Report, a study of the 1906 quake led and edited by Professor Andrew Lawson of the University of California, showed that the same San Andreas Fault which had caused the disaster in San Francisco ran close to Los Angeles as well. The earthquake was the first natural disaster of its

1449:

Almost immediately after the quake (and even during the disaster), planning and reconstruction plans were hatched to quickly rebuild the city. Rebuilding funds were immediately tied up by the fact that virtually all the major banks had been sites of the conflagration, requiring a lengthy wait of

1402:

was appointed a special police officer by Schmitz and liaised with Greely for relief work with the 22nd Infantry and other military units involved in the emergency. Ord later wrote a long letter to his mother on April 20 regarding Schmitz's "Shoot-to-Kill" order and some "despicable" behavior of

598:

took place both before and after the earthquake's impact. Accumulated strain on the faults in the system was relieved during the earthquake, which is the supposed cause of the damage along the 280-mile-long (450 km) segment of the San Andreas plate boundary. The 1906 rupture propagated both

1740:

in Ottawa gave $ 25,000. The U.S. government quickly voted for one million dollars in relief supplies which were immediately rushed to the area, including supplies for food kitchens and many thousands of tents that city dwellers would occupy the next several years. These relief efforts were not

1556:

The grandeur of citywide reconstruction schemes required investment from Eastern monetary sources, hence the spin and de-emphasis of the earthquake, the promulgation of the tough new building codes, and subsequent reputation sensitive actions such as the official low death toll. One of the more

1461:

In an article written in 1913, John C. Branner, who was the first to begin study of the San Andreas fault in 1891 complained that the Federal Government of the United States had not conducted the serious studies that were needed to gather data about earthquakes on the west coast. He said public

1436:

Property losses from the disaster have been estimated to be more than $ 400 million in 1906 dollars. This is equivalent to $ 10.2 billion in 2023 dollars. An insurance industry source tallies insured losses at $ 235 million, the equivalent to $ 5.97 billion in 2023 dollars.

1279: 823:

went ignored and unrecorded. The total number of deaths is still uncertain, but various reports presented a range of 700–3,000+. In 2005, the city's Board of Supervisors voted unanimously in support of a resolution written by novelist James Dalessandro ("1906") and city historian Gladys Hansen

1749:

Insurance companies, faced with staggering claims of $ 250 million, paid out between $ 235 million and $ 265 million on policyholders' claims, often for fire damage only, since shake damage from earthquakes was excluded from coverage under most policies. At least 137 insurance

1250:, Caruso made an effort to get out of the city, first by boat and then by train, and vowed never to return to San Francisco. Caruso died in 1921, having remained true to his word. The Metropolitan Opera Company lost all of its traveling sets and costumes in the earthquake and ensuing fires. 1699:

Most of the cottages have been destroyed, but at least 30 survived. Of the remaining structures, there is a historically restored pair in the Presidio. Others have been built on as part of private homes, with a high concentration around the Bernal Heights neighborhood. One of the modest

1466:

The only way we know of to deal successfully with any natural phenomenon is to get acquainted with it, to find out all we can about it, and thus to meet it on its own grounds. That is the way mankind has succeeded thus far, and it is safe to conclude that it is the only way it will ever

1787:

enacted the California Standard Form of Fire Insurance Policy, which did not contain any earthquake clause. Thus the state decided that insurers would have to pay again if another earthquake was followed by fires. Other earthquake-endangered countries followed the California example.

1280: 1770:

almost $ 3 million. The insurance payments heavily affected the international financial system. Gold transfers from European insurance companies to policyholders in San Francisco led to a rise in interest rates, subsequently to a lack of available loans and finally to the

729:, there were fewer aftershocks than would have been expected for a shock of that size. Very few of them were located along the trace of the 1906 rupture, tending to concentrate near the ends of the rupture or on other structures away from the San Andreas Fault, such as the 1783:

few countries, especially in Europe, followed the call for an exclusion of the earthquake hazard from all fire insurance contracts. In the U.S., the question was discussed differently. But the traumatized public reacted with fierce opposition. On August 1, 1909, the

1471:

Eleven days after the earthquake a rare Sunday baseball game was played in New York City (which would not allow regular Sunday baseball until 1919) between the Highlanders (soon to be the Yankees) and the Philadelphia Athletics to raise money for quake survivors.

4860:

Transactions. Paper No. 1056. The Effects of the San Francisco Earthquake of April 18th, 1906, on Engineering Constructions: Reports Of A General Committee And Of Six Special Committees Of The San Francisco Association Of Members Of The American Society Of Civil

1183:

reported that he "was stopped by a fireman who told me that people in that neighborhood were firing their houses...they were told that they would not get their insurance on buildings damaged by the earthquake unless they were damaged by fire".

2889: 615:

activity to the 1906 earthquake, they have been found to have a strong seasonal pattern and are now believed to be caused by large seasonal sediment loads in coastal bays that overlie faults as a result of the erosion caused by

1086:

The earthquake and fire left long-standing and significant pressures on the development of California. At the time of the disaster, San Francisco had been the ninth-largest city in the United States and the largest on the

1318:

collection for a newly discovered and extremely rare species, before the remainder of the largest botanical collection in the western United States was destroyed in the fire. The entire laboratory and all the records of

1440:

Political and business leaders strongly downplayed the effects of the earthquake, fearing loss of outside investment in the city which was badly needed to rebuild. In his first public statement, California Governor

1424: 4358: 1847: 5458: 824:("Denial of Disaster") to recognize the figure of 3,000+ as the official total. Most of the deaths occurred within San Francisco, but 189 were reported elsewhere in the Bay Area; nearby cities such as 1179:

San Francisco properties from fire but not from earthquake damage. Some property owners deliberately set fire to damaged properties to claim them on their insurance. Captain Leonard D. Wildman of the

1343:

The city's fire chief, Dennis T. Sullivan, was gravely injured when the earthquake first struck and later died from his injuries. The interim fire chief sent an urgent request to the Presidio, a

1644:

which celebrated the reconstruction of the city and its "rise from the ashes". Since 1915, the city has officially commemorated the disaster each year by gathering the remaining survivors at

5477: 1492:

one is talking of it this afternoon, and no one is in the least degree dismayed. I have talked and listened in two clubs, watched people in cars and in the street, and one man is glad that

4574: 1149:, was started by a woman who lit her stove to prepare breakfast, unaware of the badly damaged chimney, destroying a 30-block area, including a college, the Hall of Records and City Hall. 1138:

ruptured gas mains, destroyed approximately 25,000 buildings on 490 city blocks. The fires cost an estimated $ 350 million at the time (equivalent to $ 8.9 billion in 2023).

5386: 1168:, who would have been responsible for coordinating firefighting efforts, had died from injuries sustained in the initial quake. In total, the fires burned for four days and nights. 650:. The most recent analyses support an offshore location for the epicenter, although significant uncertainty remains. An offshore epicenter is supported by the occurrence of a local 5381: 1224:, subsequently rebuilt, which had many famous visitors including royalty and celebrated performers. It was constructed in 1875 primarily financed by Bank of California co-founder 2924:

Earthquake and fire today have put nearly half of San Francisco in ruins. About 500 persons have been killed, a thousand injured, and the property loss will exceed $ 200,000,000.

1111:

Although the impact of the earthquake on San Francisco was the most famous, the earthquake also inflicted considerable damage on several other cities. These include San Jose and

705:

had occurred. Modern seismic-zonation practice accounts for the differences in seismic hazard posed by varying geologic conditions. The shaking intensity as described on the

1825: 1130: 6733: 4484: 3722: 5548: 6424: 1935: 1569:

that radiated across the city, a massive civic center complex with classical structures, and what would have been the largest urban park in the world, stretching from

4391: 1796:

The 1906 Centennial Alliance was set up as a clearing-house for various centennial events commemorating the earthquake. Award presentations, religious services, a

4699:"Photograph of San Francisco in ruins from Lawrence Captive Airship, 2000 feet above San Francisco Bay overlooking water front. Sunset over Golden [Gat]e" 4216: 4008:

Fradkin, Philip L. The Great Earthquake and Firestorms of 1906: How San Francisco Nearly Destroyed Itself. Berkeley: University of California, 2005. Print. p.225

1201: 3988: 5475:

Seismographs of the earthquake taken from the Lick Observatory from the Lick Observatory Records Digital Archive, UC Santa Cruz Library's Digital Collections

1993: 7236: 2211: 489: 6003: 3589:

How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda

2500: 1893: 336: 1804: 771:  at 16:30 PST on April 18, 1906. Another event of this type occurred at 12:31 PST on April 19, 1906, with an estimated magnitude of about 5.0 M 4543: 5439: 2983: 17: 5474: 4336: 5541: 4719: 4562: 1382:

During the first few days, soldiers provided valuable services like patrolling streets to discourage looting and guarding buildings such as the

560: 492:. The death toll remains the greatest loss of life from a natural disaster in California's history and high on the lists of American disasters. 7206: 6417: 3337: 835:

Between 227,000 and 300,000 people were left homeless out of a population of about 410,000; half of those who evacuated fled across the bay to

7175: 5359: 2424: 5253: 4525: 5520: 1103:

magnitude to be documented by photography and motion picture footage and occurred at a time when the science of seismology was blossoming.

3624: 2628: 72: 5430: 1641: 852: 5019:

The Water Supply Of San Francisco, California Before, During And After The Earthquake of April 18, 1906 and the Subsequent Conflagration

6753: 5534: 4282: 4045: 3556: 4476: 4255: 3665: 1403:

certain soldiers of the 22nd Infantry who were looting. He also made it clear that the majority of soldiers served the community well.

1246:, the tenor was awakened in the early morning in his Palace Hotel suite by a strong jolt. Clutching an autographed photo of President 701:-filled valleys sustained stronger shaking than nearby bedrock sites, and the strongest shaking occurred in areas of former bay where 7216: 6410: 540:

in the north, a distance of about 810 miles (1,300 km). The maximum observed surface displacement was about 20 feet (6 m);

5089: 4994:; Charles J. O'Connor; Francis H. McLean; Helen Swett Artieda; James Marvin Motley; Jessica Peixotto; Mary Roberts Coolidge (1907). 3973: 3686: 6433: 3107:"Ham and Eggs fire. Hayes between Franklin and Gough. (Started because a woman insisted on getting breakfast for her husband.) :34" 2871: 2351: 2206: 4507: 3609:

How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States

5996: 4755: 1542: 855:

and North Beach as covered with makeshift tents. More than two years later, many of these refugee camps were still in operation.

488:

and lasted for several days. More than 3,000 people died, and over 80% of the city was destroyed. The event is remembered as the

7201: 6562: 6143: 4184: 3736: 1614:

and the Hall of Records enabled thousands of Chinese immigrants to claim residency and citizenship, creating a backdoor to the

1399: 3838: 2783: 2481: 5489: 3854: 3644:

Brady, Matt. "1906 Quake Shook Up Insurance Industry Worldwide." National Underwriter/P&C April 18, 2006: 12–16. Print.

1411: 898: 876: 417: 7094: 6703: 6477: 5768: 3131: 2031: 1052: 1030: 1008: 986: 964: 942: 920: 812:

Seismographs on the U.S. east coast recorded the earthquake some 19 minutes later; some early death estimates exceeded 500.

4596: 4098:. Intro by Roger W. Lotchin. Philadelphia : J.C. Winston Co., 1906; Urbana : University of Illinois Press, 2002. 3500: 3310: 2662: 6878: 6482: 6245: 6028: 4854: 4435: 1591: 4997:

San Francisco Relief Survey: The Organization And Methods Of Relief Used After The Earthquake And Fire Of April 18, 1906

4252:

The Roots of the "New Law Merchant": How the international standardization of contracts and clauses changed business law

2610: 2238: 7211: 7114: 6863: 6718: 6233: 6197: 5989: 5065: 5046: 4975:

After Earthquake And Fire: A Reprint Of The Articles And Editorial Comment Appearing In The Mining And Scientific Press

4882:

Earthquake in California, April 18, 1906. Special Report on the Relief Operations Conducted by the Military Authorities

4248:

From Industrial to Legal Standardization, 1871–1914: Transnational Insurance Law and the Great San Francisco Earthquake

4202:

From Industrial to Legal Standardization, 1871–1914: Transnational Insurance Law and the Great San Francisco Earthquake

3529: 2444:

Thatcher, Wayne (December 10, 1975). "Strain accumulation and release mechanism of the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake".

1649: 643: 257: 4213: 6738: 6507: 6012: 5277: 5148: 3775: 3347: 2243: 2201: 1237: 1180: 748:. The largest aftershock happened at 01:10 PST on April 23, west of Eureka with an estimated magnitude of about 6.7 M 706: 3653:"The Great San Francisco Earthquake & Fires of 1906." The 1906 San Francisco Earthquake. Web. February 16, 2015. 2813: 7059: 6873: 6783: 6708: 6618: 6603: 6447: 6354: 6203: 6161: 6070: 5810: 5101: 3985: 2365:

Geist, E.L.; Zoback, M.L. (1999), "Analysis of the tsunami generated by the Mw 7.8 1906 San Francisco earthquake",

754: , with another of the same size more than three years later at 22:45 PST on October 28 near Cape Mendocino. 271: 4990: 4904:

The San Francisco Earthquake And Fire of April 18th, 1906 And Their Effects On Structures And Structural Materials

2759: 2403: 1545:

and its medical facilities. Until 1906, the school faculty had provided care at the City-County Hospital (now the

7251: 7231: 7165: 7024: 6903: 6868: 6828: 6623: 6239: 6215: 6112: 6094: 3029: 2729: 2409: 1801: 1800:

TV movie, a projection of fire onto the Coit Tower, memorials, and lectures were part of the commemorations. The

1352: 1211: 1088: 590: 276: 2386: 673:

In 2019, using an old photograph and an eyewitness account, researchers were able to refine the location of the

658:; the wave had an amplitude of approximately 3 inches (7.6 cm) and an approximate period of 40–45 minutes. 552: 7104: 7079: 6989: 6928: 6698: 6668: 6537: 5685: 2009: 1829:, a newsreel documentary made soon after the earthquake, to its list of American films worthy of preservation. 1652:

that served as a meeting point during the disaster for people to look for loved ones and exchange information.

1626: 1546: 1394:

the Commission of Any Other Crime". Accusations of soldiers engaging in looting also surfaced. Retired Captain

1311: 722: 3106: 2497: 528:

sense, where the western (Pacific) plate moves northward relative to the eastern (North American) plate. This

7170: 7109: 7049: 6743: 6678: 6648: 6638: 6557: 6452: 6318: 6173: 6058: 5421: 4456: 4381: 2138: 2051: 1963: 1943: 1917: 1905: 1875: 1871: 1863: 1693: 1595: 1451: 1153: 1096: 678: 670:). Supershear propagation has now been recognized for many earthquakes associated with strike-slip faulting. 5801: 1676: 7221: 6923: 6893: 6808: 6798: 6763: 6608: 6542: 6532: 6366: 6209: 6052: 5954: 3616: 3596: 3283: 2055: 1951: 1901: 1514: 1335:, which at the time was being stored in a state building in San Francisco, was also destroyed in the fire. 569: 7226: 7180: 7099: 7004: 6948: 6898: 6883: 6858: 6838: 6823: 6793: 6778: 6773: 6758: 6728: 6633: 6577: 6572: 6527: 6492: 6384: 6348: 6336: 6324: 6293: 6257: 6251: 6227: 6167: 6155: 6149: 6118: 6106: 6082: 6040: 5901: 5879: 5830: 5760: 5717: 5668: 5613: 5582: 5571: 5563: 5436: 3399: 3047:"View of fires--including Ham and Eggs fire, right center--looking east along Fell St. City Hall, center" 2569: 2196: 1855: 1772: 1221: 806: 31: 4679:"Ruins of San Francisco after earthquake and fire, April 18 - 21, 1906, view from Stanford Mansion site" 2987: 2938:"An EERI Reconnaissance Report: Damage to San Francisco in the 1906 Earthquake—A Centennial Perspective" 2855: 2838:

The California Earthquake of April 18, 1906: Report of the State Earthquake Investigation Commission ...

1807:

issued a series of Internet documents, and the tourism industry promoted the 100th anniversary as well.

1562: 7246: 7139: 7069: 6994: 6984: 6953: 6943: 6933: 6918: 6848: 6803: 6688: 6673: 6567: 6547: 6522: 6497: 6472: 6457: 6372: 6330: 6287: 6275: 6269: 6185: 6046: 5734: 2629:"California Geological Survey – Seismic Hazards Zonation Program – Seismic Hazards Mapping regulations" 2059: 1975: 1897: 1570: 1395: 1233: 726: 399: 246: 42: 35: 4018: 3184: 738: 7089: 7064: 6969: 6713: 6693: 6658: 6593: 6378: 6342: 6191: 5918: 5639: 5630: 5602: 5590: 4730: 2186: 2096: 1583: 1360: 887: 848: 655: 588:

is 7.9; values from 7.7 to as high as 8.3 have been proposed. According to findings published in the

5339:

Hudson, James J. "The California National Guard: In the San Francisco earthquake and fire of 1906."

5061:

The California Earthquake of April 18, 1906: Report of the State Earthquake Investigation Commission

5042:

The California Earthquake of April 18, 1906: Report of the State Earthquake Investigation Commission

4306: 3960: 3353: 2521:

Westaway, R. (2002). "Seasonal Seismicity of Northern California Before the Great 1906 Earthquake".

1736:

each gave $ 100,000; the Dominion of Canada made a special appropriation of $ 100,000; and even the

521: 381: 7129: 7074: 7054: 7044: 7039: 7034: 6999: 6938: 6913: 6843: 6788: 6628: 6467: 6462: 6390: 6299: 6263: 6221: 5936: 5909: 5865: 5847: 5746: 5621: 4413: 2907: 2421: 1493: 1063: 866: 820: 639: 473: 461: 391: 5356: 4971: 3702:

San Andreas Fault: Cajon Pass to Wallace Creek, South Coast Geological Society, 1989, Vol. 1, p. 4

3559:. Georgetown University Library, 37th and N Streets, N.W., Washington, D.C., 20057. Archived from 3212: 1660: 1619: 1450:

seven to ten days before their fire-proof vaults could cool sufficiently to be safely opened. The

1125: 1091:. Over a period of 60 years, the city had become the financial, trade, and cultural center of the 7241: 7124: 7029: 6979: 6908: 6723: 6643: 6517: 6502: 6487: 6137: 6100: 6034: 5945: 5927: 5887: 5856: 5838: 5795: 5777: 5676: 5651: 5596: 5452: 4991: 4458: 4386: 2842: 2611:"How Scientists Used a 1906 Photo to Find the Center of San Francisco's Most Infamous Earthquake" 2084: 2047: 2013: 2001: 1939: 1909: 1784: 1754:

reports having paid all claims in full, more than $ 50 million, thanks to the leadership of

1630: 1611: 1364: 1323:, a biochemist who was researching the nutrition of everyday foods, were destroyed. The original 1225: 1045: 1023: 935: 584:

by three decades. The most widely accepted estimate for the magnitude of the quake on the modern

581: 5502:– Photographic account of earthquake and fire aftermath from well-known North Beach photographer 4065:

Siodla, James (2017). "Clean slate: Land-use changes in San Francisco after the 1906 disaster".

1668: 1497: 7155: 7119: 7084: 7019: 6974: 6888: 6853: 6833: 6818: 6813: 6768: 6748: 6683: 6663: 6653: 6552: 6512: 6360: 6281: 6179: 6088: 6076: 5816: 5740: 5725: 5703: 5516: 3607: 3587: 3554: 2632: 2191: 1959: 1955: 1913: 1867: 1820: 1750:

companies were directly involved and another 17 as reinsurers. Twenty companies went bankrupt.

1634: 1550: 1383: 1112: 909: 891: 825: 734: 646:

proposed that the epicenter was more likely offshore of San Francisco, to the northwest of the

585: 481: 457: 395: 313: 263: 4972:

Mining And Scientific Press; T. A. Rickard; G. K. Gilbert; S. B. Christy; et al. (1907).

4814: 4344: 3765: 3367: 1629:

neighborhood. The immense power of the earthquake had destroyed almost all of the mansions on

1171:

Most of the destruction in the city was attributed to the fires, since widespread practice by

7160: 7134: 7014: 7009: 6613: 5691: 5258: 3947: 2166: 1759: 1615: 1092: 979: 913: 713:) in San Francisco and areas to the north like Santa Rosa where destruction was devastating. 667: 525: 5395: 4042: 3560: 2730:"Over 500 Dead; $ 200,000,000 lost in San Francisco Earthquake / All San Francisco May Burn" 2268:"Location of the Focal Region and Hypocenter of the California Earthquake of April 18, 1906" 5697: 5105: 5081: 4897: 4245: 3662: 2949: 2677: 2584: 2530: 2453: 2374: 2303: 1997: 1751: 1685: 1587: 1368: 1099:

where, as "The Barness", they established the arts colony reputation that continues today.

1041: 931: 840: 829: 620: 517: 5129: 4797:

1906. New York: B. W. Huebsch, Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Library. 47 p.

3074: 1446:

even mentioned in the statement. Fatality and monetary damage estimates were manipulated.

8: 5412: 5267: 5055: 5036: 4946: 4941: 4703: 4683: 4663: 4643: 4623: 4592: 3681: 2078: 1797: 1645: 1530: 1477: 1351:

had already decided that the situation required the use of federal troops. Telephoning a

1328: 997: 975: 957: 836: 573: 449: 5314: 5295: 5232: 5213: 5194: 5175: 5109: 5059: 5040: 4973: 4954: 4902: 4880: 4234:

Real Shock, Monetary Aftershock: The 1906 San Francisco Earthquake and the Panic of 1907

3437:

Jacobs, Benjamin R.; Rask, Olaf S. (1920). "Laboratory Control of Wheat Flour Milling".

2953: 2836: 2681: 2588: 2534: 2457: 2378: 2307: 5405:

Before and After the Great Earthquake and Fire: Early Films of San Francisco, 1897–1916

5121: 4950: 4942: 4898: 3258: 2693: 2431:

USGS Earthquake Hazards Program — Northern California. Retrieved September 3, 2016

2327: 2180: 2043: 2005: 1971: 1947: 1851: 1344: 1332: 1324: 1320: 1314:

in San Francisco, is credited with saving nearly 1,500 specimens, including the entire

1247: 1165: 1001: 953: 469: 4759: 3855:"Historic Resource Study for Golden Gate National Recreation Area in San Mateo County" 3159: 1700:

720 sq ft (67 m) homes was purchased in 2006 for more than $ 600,000.

599:

northward and southward for a total of 296 miles (476 km). Shaking was felt from

5399: 5273: 5156: 5144: 5141:

A Crack in the Edge of the World: America and the Great California Earthquake of 1906

5125: 5013: 4798: 4619:"The burning of San Francisco, April 18, [19]06, view from St. Francis Hotel" 3834: 3771: 3343: 3262: 3239:"The Great San Francisco Earthquake: One of America's Worst Urban Disasters (review)" 3189: 3046: 2965: 2779: 2697: 2319: 2294: 2152: 2116: 2039: 1348: 1067: 1019: 702: 631: 501: 371: 4920: 4181: 2937: 2331: 1692:"relief houses" to accommodate 20,000 displaced people. The houses were designed by 6402: 5462: 5447: 5136: 5113: 5085: 4926: 4826: 4570: 4074: 3603: 3583: 3446: 3250: 2957: 2685: 2592: 2538: 2478: 2461: 2382: 2311: 844: 819:

Early death counts ranged from 375 to over 500. However, hundreds of fatalities in

778: 758: 616: 595: 4698: 4678: 2762:

USGS Earthquake Hazards Program – Northern California. Retrieved September 4, 2006

2488:

USGS Earthquake Hazards Program – Northern California. Retrieved September 3, 2006

2315: 2290:"Surface Displacements in the 1906 San Francisco and 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquakes" 5493: 5486: 5481: 5443: 5417: 5408: 5376: 5363: 5017: 4995: 4876: 4858: 4792: 4638: 4618: 4322: 4259: 4220: 4188: 4049: 3992: 3690: 3669: 3482: 2773: 2504: 2485: 2428: 2345: 1733: 1603: 1553:

was established, adding a fourth professional school to the Affiliated Colleges.

1455: 1387: 1076: 762: 733:. The only aftershock in the first few days of near M 5 or greater occurred near 662:

these observations can be reconciled by allowing propagation at speeds above the

529: 505: 5499: 4658: 4588: 4019:"This map shows where 1906 earthquake shacks still exist in San Francisco today" 3010: 1363:

to mobilize and enter the city. Explosives were ferried across the bay from the

642:, due to local earth displacement measurements. In the 1960s, a seismologist at 5505: 5404: 5077: 3883: 3504: 3276: 3243:

Film & History: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Film and Television Studies

3015: 2701: 2555: 2101: 1755: 1737: 1586:

civic center complex, wider streets, a preference of arterial thoroughfares, a

1558: 1502: 1356: 1315: 1307: 1256: 565: 537: 477: 27:

Major earthquake that struck San Francisco and the coast of Northern California

5467: 4078: 3464: 1578: 7195: 5371: 5073: 4779: 4310: 3912: 3908: 3811: 3761: 2969: 2658: 2248: 2216: 2174: 2089: 1878:. Its wood interior burned, but its steel, concrete and stone frame survived. 1776: 1566: 1526: 1473: 1442: 1374: 1229: 730: 690: 564:

The slip on the San Andreas Fault which caused the earthquake was visible in

513: 485: 403: 351: 338: 57: 5981: 4922:

The San Francisco Earthquake And Fire: A Presentation of Facts And Resulting

4109: 3939: 3533: 3381: 2798:

Displays at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Museum in Sausalito, California

2465: 2267: 5526: 5117: 4544:"Ruth Newman, a Survivor of the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake, Dies at 113" 3335: 2323: 2111: 1967: 1859: 1763: 1729: 1146: 4802: 3831:

The Lost Dream: Business and City Planning on the Pacific Coast, 1890–1920

3254: 2663:"Aftershocks and Triggered Events of the Great 1906 California Earthquake" 1602:. Limestone used to reconstruct city buildings was quarried at the nearby 1582:

many of Burnham's proposals inadvertently saw the light of day, such as a

1521: 448:

At 05:12 Pacific Standard Time on Wednesday, April 18, 1906, the coast of

5344: 5249: 4290: 4236:, The Journal of Economic History, 2005, vol. 64, issue 04, p. 1002–1027. 3711: 2809: 2105: 2035: 1640:

Reconstruction was swift, and largely completed by 1915, in time for the

1610:

in the newer, modern, Western form that exists today. The destruction of

1574: 1488: 694: 647: 635: 572:

after the earthquake, with the north tunnel portal in the background and

4901:; Richard Lewis Humphrey; John Stephen Sewell & Frank Soule (1907). 4773: 4720:"Photography Genius: George R. Lawrence & "The Hitherto Impossible"" 3555:

Variouswork=Georgetown University Libraries Special Collections (2006).

3450: 2771: 1712: 30:"San Francisco earthquake" redirects here. For the 1989 earthquake, see 5426: 3051: 2689: 2596: 2542: 2073: 1720: 1717: 1599: 1306:

Some of the greatest losses from fire were in scientific laboratories.

1298: 674: 533: 453: 3238: 2961: 2861:, Santa Rosa, California, April 19, 1906. Retrieved February 23, 2015. 1359:

of his decision to assist and then ordered federal troops from nearby

4949:; Charles Derleth Jr.; Stephen Taber; F. Omari; Harold W. Fairbanks; 4563:"Last survivor of 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire dies at 109" 3913:"Relocation of Chinatown Following the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake" 1816:

days shy of his 110th birthday, was thought to be the last survivor.

1176: 1172: 1161: 627: 611: 509: 5000:. Survey Associates, Inc. (New York), Wm. F. Fell Co. (Philadelphia) 3723:

Baseball in the Garden of Eden: The Secret History of the Early Game

3530:"Looting Claims Against the U.S. Army Following the 1906 Earthquake" 2289: 1164:. The dynamited buildings often caught fire. The city's fire chief, 697:

of intensity with underlying geologic conditions. Areas situated in

689:

The most important characteristic of the shaking intensity noted in

5196:

The History of the San Francisco Disaster And Mount Vesuvius Horror

4853: 3136: 2034:

San Francisco in ruins, waterfront in foreground, with sunset over

1812: 1157: 698: 4053:

1906 San Francisco Earthquake Housing Is Valuable Piece Of History

3152: 794: 3976:

Chinese Historical Society of America. Retrieved December 2, 2006

3083: 1672:

Restored earthquake relief cottages visible today in the Presidio

1192: 1145:

fire, in the morning on the 18th, at Hayes and Gough Streets, in

651: 541: 5418:

A geologic tour of the San Francisco earthquake, 100 years later

3427:

Double Cone Quarterly, Fall Equinox, volume VII, Number 3 (2004)

1496:

will be cleared out for good; another's chief solicitude is for

5390: 4589:"Librarian of Congress Adds 25 Films to National Film Registry" 4303: 3622: 3302: 2908:"Over 500 Dead, $ 200,000,000 Lost in San Francisco Earthquake" 1680:

Surviving earthquake relief cottage, now part of a private home

1625:

The earthquake was also responsible for the development of the

1509: 1242: 663: 604: 600: 544:

measurements show displacements of up to 28 feet (8.5 m).

3336:

Charles Scawthorn; John Eidinger; Anshel Schiff, eds. (2005).

3177: 3124: 2570:"A Unified Source Model for the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake" 1236:

came to San Francisco to give a series of performances at the

1228:, the "man who built San Francisco". In April 1906, the tenor 4270: 4110:"Dealing with Disaster: The San Francisco Earthquake of 1906" 3940:"Dealing with Disaster: The San Francisco Earthquake of 1906" 3532:. Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco. Archived from 3503:. Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco. Archived from 3132:"The Dangers of Cooking After a Quake: The Ham and Eggs Fire" 1978:, showing damage, Copyright, Kilborn & Burn, 31 May 1906 1767: 1347:

post on the edge of the stricken city, for dynamite. General

5487:

Timeline of the San Francisco Earthquake April 18 – 23, 1906

5072: 4283:"National Geographic TV Shows, Specials & Documentaries" 3801:(New York and London: Harper and Brothers, 1906), pp. 41–42. 2567: 1529:

statue in front of the Zoology building (now building 420),

41:"San Francisco fire" redirects here. For the 1851 fire, see 5506:

Tsunami Record from the Great 1906 San Francisco Earthquake

3974:

Great Earthquake and Fire of 1906: Its Effects on Chinatown

3039: 2652: 2650: 2556:

Tsunami Record from the Great 1906 San Francisco Earthquake

2387:

10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0015:aottgb>2.3.co;2

1996:

Panoramic view of earthquake and fire damage, looking from

5256:. London's report from the scene. Originally published in 2038:

in background, looking from 2,000 feet (610 m) above

1115:, the entire downtown of which was essentially destroyed. 3205: 3099: 1689: 1557:

famous and ambitious plans came from famed urban planner

721:

The main shock was followed by many aftershocks and some

677:

of the earthquake as offshore from San Francisco or near

5512: 5293: 5211: 5053: 5034: 4414:"Libera Era Armstrong (1902–2007) – Hayward, California" 2984:"The Great 1906 Earthquake & Fires of San Francisco" 2647: 1476:, the pioneering American psychologist, was teaching at 737:

at 14:28 PST on April 18, with a magnitude of about 4.9

490:

deadliest earthquake in the history of the United States

5192: 3847: 3400:"NY Times Obituary for Heinrich Conrad, April 27, 1909" 3067: 5312: 765:

area, which culminated in an earthquake of about 6.1 M

5969:

indicates earthquake resulting in at least 30 deaths

5177:

A History of the Earthquake And Fire in San Francisco

3230: 2810:"The Carmel Monterey Peninsula Art Colony: A History" 2772:

Gladys C. Hansen; Emmet Condon; David Fowler (1989).

1908:, center foreground leading towards the now-previous 1541:

The earthquake was crucial in the development of the

524:

fault is characterized by mainly lateral motion in a

233: 6432: 3725:, John Thorn, Simon & Schuster Paperbacks, 2011. 3501:"Mayor Eugene Schmitz's Famed "Shoot-to-Kill" Order" 2835:

Lawson, Andrew Cowper; Reid, Harry Fielding (1908).

2347:

Seismicity of the United States, 1568–1989 (Revised)

2212:

List of disasters in the United States by death toll

2128: 580:

The 1906 earthquake preceded the development of the

5173: 5090:"Source study of the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake" 3311:"1906 San Francisco Earthquake Facts & Lessons" 2724: 2722: 2422:

1906 San Francisco Quake: How large was the offset?

2239:"Where Can I Learn More About the 1906 Earthquake?" 1920:

on right, center background circa April 18–21, 1906

1561:. His bold plan called for, among other proposals, 739: 5193:Banks, Charles Eugene; Opie Percival Read (1906). 5155: 3008: 2350:, U.S. Geological Survey professional paper 1527, 2004:, April 18–21, 1906. Note, from left to right (1) 5496:– The Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco 5469:San Francisco Earthquake and Fire, April 18, 1906 5269:The San Francisco Calamity By Earthquake And Fire 4794:The City That Was: A Requiem of Old San Francisco 4775:The City That Was: A Requiem of Old San Francisco 4756:"The Lawrence Captive Airship over San Francisco" 4200:For a list of these companies see Tilmann Röder, 4096:The San Francisco Calamity by Earthquake and Fire 1826:San Francisco Earthquake and Fire, April 18, 1906 7193: 5094:Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 4727:Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 4164:The San Francisco earthquake & conflagration 3986:The Great 1906 San Francisco Earthquake and Fire 2872:"Sta. Rosa [i.e. Santa Rosa] Courthouse" 2719: 2670:Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 2577:Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 1858:, Copyright, Pillsbury Pictures, 18 April 1906. 630:of the quake was assumed to be near the town of 556:USGS ShakeMap showing the earthquake's intensity 5212:Givens, John David; Opie Percival Read (1906). 4508:"Hundreds gather to honor victims of '06 quake" 4477:"SF remembers great quake on 103rd anniversary" 4166:. Typoscript, Bancroft Library, Berkeley, 1907. 3917:The Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco 3799:The Future in America: A Search after Realities 3524: 3522: 3439:Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 3009:Johnston, Louis; Williamson, Samuel H. (2023). 3002: 2760:Casualties and Damage after the 1906 earthquake 2405:Casualties and damage after the 1906 Earthquake 1220:One landmark building lost in the fire was the 1214:(left) and a map showing the extent of the fire 5974:indicates the deadliest earthquake of the year 4382:"1906 earthquake survivor Irma Mae Weule dies" 4090: 4088: 3812:"1868–1898 – Introduction – A History of UCSF" 3075:"DRC7201: the prevention of natural disasters" 2561: 2287: 1762:, report paying every claim in full, with the 1133:, looking toward the fire on Sacramento Street 62:Ruins in the vicinity of Post and Grant Avenue 6418: 6011: 5997: 5542: 4465:Calling any '06 San Francisco quake survivors 4223:Lloyd's of London. Retrieved December 6, 2006 2841:Carnegie Institution of Washington. pp. 2479:1906 Earthquake: How long was the 1906 Crack? 2343: 2104:presenting a fictionalised account, starring 603:to Los Angeles, and as far inland as central 480:, an agricultural region to the south of the 5556: 5143:. HarperCollins Publishers, New York, 2005. 4978:. San Francisco: Mining And Scientific Press 4850:, Fall Equinox, volume VII, Number 3 (2004). 4406: 3575: 3519: 3185:"Earthquake Fire: San Francisco, April 1906" 2890:"The 1906 San Francisco Earthquake and Fire" 2656: 2397: 2395: 1791: 1642:1915 Panama–Pacific International Exposition 1432:Film shot on April 18, 1906, of the wreckage 1160:, attempted to demolish buildings to create 7237:1906 natural disasters in the United States 5453:Mark Twain and the San Francisco Earthquake 5431:Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco 5313:White, Trumbull; Richard Linthicum (1906). 5294:Tyler, Sydney; Ralph Stockman Tarr (1908). 5215:San Francisco in Ruins: A Pictorial History 4153:(European Edition) of April 21, 1906, p. 2. 4085: 3737:"The Myth of the Panicking Disaster Victim" 3734: 3683:The Great Earthquake and Firestorms of 1906 2364: 6425: 6411: 6004: 5990: 5549: 5535: 5316:Complete Story of the San Francisco Horror 4717: 3436: 3417:The Coniferae of the Santa Lucia Mountains 2856:"A Dreadful Catastrophe Visits Santa Rosa" 2834: 2439: 2437: 1240:. The night after Caruso's performance in 56: 5234:San Francisco Through Earthquake And Fire 5012: 4214:The role of Lloyd's in the reconstruction 3828: 3754: 2568:Song S.G; Beroza G.C.; Segall P. (2008). 2392: 5380:) is being considered for deletion. See 5174:Aitken, Frank W.; Edward Hilton (1906). 4907:. Washington: Government Printing Office 4885:. Washington: Government Printing Office 3999:, April 2006. Retrieved December 2, 2006 3602: 3582: 3374: 3308: 2935: 2520: 2443: 2352:United States Government Printing Office 2283: 2281: 2207:List of earthquakes in the United States 2012:, ...(20) the ruins of the now-previous 1938:San Francisco 160-degree panorama, from 1775:crisis of October 1907 which led to the 1711: 1675: 1667: 1659: 1520: 1508: 1418: 1410: 1373: 1124: 1077:U.S. Earthquake Intensity Database, NGDC 559: 551: 468:). High-intensity shaking was felt from 5357:The Great 1906 San Francisco Earthquake 5237:. San Francisco: Paul Elder And Company 5153: 4561:Bender, Kristen J. (January 11, 2016). 4428: 4394:from the original on September 20, 2008 4232:Kerry A. Odell and Marc D. Weidenmier, 4134: 3833:. Columbus: Ohio State UP. p. 51. 3672:The New San Francisco Magazine May 1906 3625:"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–" 3548: 3284:"Ham and Eggs Fire Silver Twin Hydrant" 3164:California Fire Prevention Organization 2558:, United States Geological Survey, 2008 2434: 2262: 2260: 2258: 1543:University of California, San Francisco 1481:Effects of the Earthquake" in his book 532:runs the length of California from the 14: 7194: 5265: 5230: 5066:The Carnegie Institution of Washington 5047:The Carnegie Institution of Washington 4875: 4729:(Summer-2002): 132–147. Archived from 4560: 4550:. Associated Press. September 2, 2015. 4373: 4304:projection of fire onto the Coit Tower 4250:(Brill Academic Publishers, 2011) and 4107: 4064: 3937: 3907: 3712:Earthquakes and structural engineering 3217:Northern California Geological Society 2812:. Traditional Fine Arts Organization. 2750:(San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 1996) 2491: 1517:tower, southwest down on Market Street 1156:firefighters, untrained in the use of 757:Remotely triggered events included an 484:. Devastating fires soon broke out in 7207:History of the San Francisco Bay Area 6406: 5985: 5530: 5180:. San Francisco: The Edward Hilton Co 4505: 4379: 4351: 4176: 4174: 4172: 4139:. Washington Government Print Office. 3919:. Museum of the City of San Francisco 3760: 3623:Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. 3288:Hayes Valley Neighborhood Association 3236: 2507:"Our 10 Greatest Natural Disasters," 2337: 2278: 2233: 2231: 2067: 1744: 4659:"Panorama of San Francisco disaster" 4639:"Panorama of San Francisco disaster" 2816:from the original on August 27, 2009 2358: 2344:Stover, C.W.; Coffman, J.L. (1993), 2255: 1152:Some of the fires were started when 205: 4855:American Society of Civil Engineers 4599:from the original on August 9, 2009 4108:Strupp, Christoph (July 19, 2006). 3938:Strupp, Christoph (July 19, 2006). 2936:Tobriner, Stephen (April 1, 2006). 2110:The earthquake is a major event in 1620:bring in their relatives from China 495: 191: 163: 24: 5513:International Seismological Centre 5437:The Great 1906 Earthquake and Fire 5427:The Great 1906 Earthquake and Fire 5333: 4577:from the original on July 6, 2017. 4487:from the original on July 21, 2009 4204:(Brill Academic Publishers, 2011). 4169: 3770:. Longmans, Green. pp. 209–. 2247:. January 28, 2008. Archived from 2228: 2058:tower, center foreground, towards 1766:paying over $ 11 million and 777: , and an epicenter beneath 135: 25: 7263: 5384:to help reach a consensus. › 5366:– United States Geological Survey 5350: 5022:. New York: Martin B. Brown Press 4956:The California Earthquake of 1906 4927:The Roebling Construction Company 3309:Bhalerao, Camille (May 9, 2021). 2807: 2288:Segall, P.; Lisowski, M. (1990), 2244:Berkeley Seismological Laboratory 2202:List of earthquakes in California 1850:San Francisco burning, view from 1536: 1271:Read by Elaine Hamby for LibriVox 707:Modified Mercalli intensity scale 681:, confirming previous estimates. 7217:Urban fires in the United States 6434:Earthquakes in the United States 5300:. Philadelphia: P. W. Ziegler Co 5218:. San Francisco: Leon C. Osteyee 5102:Seismological Society of America 5064:. Volume two. Washington, D.C.: 5045:. Volume one. Washington, D.C.: 4959:. San Francisco: A. M. Robertson 4819: 4808: 4785: 4766: 4748: 4711: 4691: 4671: 4651: 4631: 4611: 4581: 4554: 4182:Aetna At-A-Glance: Aetna History 4135:Greeley, A.W. (April 18, 1906). 4067:Explorations in Economic History 3481: 3342:. Reston, Virginia: ASCE, NFPA. 2401: 2159: 2145: 2131: 2082:, a series of 1906 articles for 2023: 1985: 1927: 1885: 1839: 1594:, and a monument to the city on 1378:Soldiers looting during the fire 1297:Problems playing this file? See 1277: 1255: 1200: 1191: 805: 793: 654:recorded by a tide gauge at the 232: 218: 204: 190: 176: 162: 148: 134: 120: 106: 93: 92: 78: 71: 18:San Francisco earthquake of 1906 5459:Several videos of the aftermath 5455:– Shapell Manuscript Foundation 5341:California Historical Quarterly 5158:The Earth Shook, the Sky Burned 4536: 4526:"George Frank Quilici Obituary" 4518: 4499: 4469: 4450: 4329: 4315: 4297: 4275: 4264: 4239: 4226: 4207: 4194: 4156: 4143: 4128: 4116:. Institute of European Studies 4101: 4058: 4036: 4011: 4002: 3979: 3967: 3931: 3901: 3876: 3822: 3804: 3791: 3728: 3716: 3705: 3696: 3675: 3656: 3647: 3638: 3493: 3475: 3457: 3430: 3421: 3409: 3392: 3360: 3329: 3030:Gross Domestic Product deflator 2976: 2929: 2900: 2882: 2864: 2849: 2828: 2801: 2792: 2765: 2753: 2748:The Earth Shook, The Sky Burned 2740: 2621: 2603: 2549: 2514: 2446:Journal of Geophysical Research 2410:United States Geological Survey 1764:Hartford Fire Insurance Company 1664:One of the eleven housing camps 1355:officer, he sent word to Mayor 1353:San Francisco Police Department 1310:, the curator of botany at the 1106: 800:Damaged houses on Howard Street 591:Journal of Geophysical Research 410: 149: 121: 34:. For the 2014 earthquake, see 5557:Earthquakes in 1900–1909 5297:San Francisco's Great Disaster 5168:Contemporary disaster accounts 4718:Petterchak, Janice A. (2002). 4506:Nolte, Carl (April 19, 2010). 4323:"series of Internet documents" 3735:Johann Hari (March 18, 2011). 2472: 2415: 1547:San Francisco General Hospital 1312:California Academy of Sciences 861:Selected Mercalli intensities 716: 177: 79: 13: 1: 7202:1906 San Francisco earthquake 5422:American Geological Institute 5387:1906 San Francisco earthquake 5369: 4840: 3942:– via escholarship.org. 3465:"California Bear Flag - 1846" 3382:"1906 Earthquake Arson Fires" 3237:Boehm, Lisa Krissoff (2007). 3011:"What Was the U.S. GDP Then?" 2316:10.1126/science.250.4985.1241 2139:San Francisco Bay Area portal 1862:is in center, terminating at 1551:UC Training School for Nurses 1154:San Francisco Fire Department 832:also suffered severe damage. 693:'s 1908 report was the clear 594:, severe deformations in the 547: 219: 107: 51:1906 San Francisco earthquake 5396:The 1906 Earthquake and Fire 5254:"The Story of An Eyewitness" 4827:"Angels in America: Symbols" 4567:U.S. News & World Report 4191:", Aetna company information 3617:American Antiquarian Society 3597:American Antiquarian Society 2736:. April 19, 1906. p. 1. 1832: 1565:-style avenues, boulevards, 1406: 1266:"The Story of An Eyewitness" 684: 576:, just outside of the portal 570:South Pacific Coast Railroad 7: 4481:The San Francisco Chronicle 4436:"Jeanette Trapani obituary" 4287:National Geographic Channel 4023:The San Francisco Chronicle 3991:September 30, 2007, at the 3668:September 24, 2015, at the 2523:Pure and Applied Geophysics 2197:List of earthquakes in 1906 2124: 1773:Knickerbocker Trust Company 1648:, a fountain in the city's 1338: 32:1989 Loma Prieta earthquake 10: 7268: 5362:February 11, 2017, at the 3829:Blackford, Mansel (1993). 3368:"NPS Signal Corps History" 2427:December 22, 2016, at the 1805:Earthquake Hazards Program 1655: 1588:subway under Market Street 1288:Audio 00:18:06 (full text) 1234:Metropolitan Opera Company 727:1857 Fort Tejon earthquake 619:in the later years of the 43:San Francisco Fire of 1851 40: 36:2014 South Napa earthquake 29: 7212:Earthquakes in California 7148: 7095:2018 Southern Appalachian 6962: 6586: 6440: 6309: 6128: 6019: 6013:Earthquakes in California 5964: 5900: 5878: 5829: 5759: 5716: 5667: 5612: 5581: 5562: 5272:. J. C. Winston Company. 5154:Bronson, William (1959). 4380:Nolte (August 16, 2008). 4187:December 8, 2006, at the 4079:10.1016/j.eeh.2017.04.001 3339:Fire Following Earthquake 2503:December 5, 2010, at the 2187:Committee of Fifty (1906) 2183:, earthquake photographer 2177:, earthquake photographer 2092:, and later as a booklet. 2062:, center-left background. 2054:leads directly away from 2050:, copyright 28 May 1906. 1792:Centennial commemorations 1758:. Insurance companies in 1707: 1590:, a more people-friendly 1415:Evacuees leaving the city 1073: 860: 784: 723:remotely triggered events 438: 430: 409: 387: 377: 367: 330: 322: 308: 300: 282: 269: 256: 245: 67: 55: 6483:1812 San Juan Capistrano 6029:1812 San Juan Capistrano 5442:August 27, 2011, at the 5382:templates for discussion 5266:Morris, Charles (1906). 5231:Keeler, Charles (1906). 4271:1906 Centennial Alliance 4137:Earthquake in California 3864:. Department of Interior 3816:history.library.ucsf.edu 2484:October 6, 2008, at the 2222: 1912:dome ruins on left, and 1118: 851:and the beaches between 7115:2020 Monte Cristo Range 6864:1986 North Palm Springs 6719:1948 Desert Hot Springs 6246:1987 Superstition Hills 6234:1986 North Palm Springs 6198:1948 Desert Hot Springs 5679:(6.9 & 7.2, Apr 4) 4992:Russell Sage Foundation 4459:San Francisco Chronicle 4387:San Francisco Chronicle 4341:www.consumeraffairs.com 4258:April 22, 2008, at the 4048:April 28, 2007, at the 2778:. Cameron and Company. 2466:10.1029/JB080i035p04862 2048:kite aerial photography 1768:Aetna Insurance Company 1365:California Powder Works 843:. Newspapers described 582:Richter magnitude scale 508:that forms part of the 326:5 mi (8.0 km) 288:; 118 years ago 7252:Supershear earthquakes 7232:1900s in San Francisco 7166:2010–11 Guy-Greenbrier 6739:1957 Andreanof Islands 6563:1892 Vacaville–Winters 6508:1867 Manhattan, Kansas 6144:1892 Vacaville–Winters 5492:March 3, 2016, at the 5480:June 11, 2015, at the 5343:55.2 (1976): 137-149. 5118:10.1785/BSSA0830040981 4762:on September 28, 2006. 3955:Cite journal requires 3356:on September 28, 2013. 2192:Earthquake engineering 1960:The San Francisco Call 1914:The San Francisco Call 1874:, is right-center, at 1868:The San Francisco Call 1821:National Film Registry 1724: 1681: 1673: 1665: 1635:James C. Flood Mansion 1567:arterial thoroughfares 1533: 1518: 1469: 1433: 1416: 1400:22nd Infantry Regiment 1379: 1181:U.S. Army Signal Corps 1134: 656:San Francisco Presidio 586:moment magnitude scale 577: 557: 482:San Francisco Bay Area 452:was struck by a major 396:San Francisco Bay Area 7176:2009–present Oklahoma 7065:2014 Southeast Alaska 7060:2014 Aleutian Islands 6874:1987 Whittier Narrows 6784:1968 Borrego Mountain 6734:1954 Churchill County 6709:1946 Aleutian Islands 6704:1944 Cornwall–Massena 6604:1906 Aleutian Islands 6448:1585 Aleutian Islands 6355:1987 Whittier Narrows 6204:1968 Borrego Mountain 5500:JB Monaco Photography 5082:Helmberger, Donald V. 4848:Double Cone Quarterly 4595:. December 20, 2005. 4361:. genealogy.about.com 4309:January 11, 2006, at 4219:July 8, 2007, at the 3888:National Park Service 3862:National Park Service 3689:June 9, 2007, at the 3663:San Francisco History 3317:. Jumpstart insurance 3255:10.1353/flm.2007.0003 3213:"The Old Bay Margins" 2167:Earth sciences portal 1998:Stanford Mansion site 1760:Hartford, Connecticut 1715: 1684:The Army built 5,610 1679: 1671: 1663: 1616:Chinese Exclusion Act 1524: 1512: 1464: 1431: 1414: 1377: 1128: 563: 555: 512:boundary between the 460:of 7.9 and a maximum 7025:2010 Baja California 6879:1987 Imperial Valley 6869:1986 Chalfant Valley 6829:1979 Imperial Valley 6624:1915 Pleasant Valley 6619:1915 Imperial Valley 6240:1986 Chalfant Valley 6216:1979 Imperial Valley 6162:1915 Imperial Valley 6113:2010 Baja California 6071:1915 Baja California 4736:on September 5, 2008 4094:Morris, Charles ed. 3767:Memories and studies 1896:San Francisco, from 1483:Memories and Studies 621:California Gold Rush 518:North American Plate 7222:Fires in California 7105:2020 Salt Lake City 7050:2013 Port Alexander 6990:2006 Gulf of Mexico 6904:1992 Cape Mendocino 6669:1932 Cedar Mountain 6538:1872 North Cascades 6095:1992 Cape Mendocino 5413:Library of Congress 5319:. Hubert D. Russell 5110:1993BuSSA..83..981W 5056:Harry Fielding Reid 5037:Harry Fielding Reid 4947:John Casper Branner 4943:Jordan, David Starr 4899:Gilbert, Grove Karl 4877:Greely, Adolphus W. 4704:Library of Congress 4684:Library of Congress 4664:Library of Congress 4644:Library of Congress 4624:Library of Congress 4593:Library of Congress 4530:Santa Cruz Sentinel 4438:. December 31, 2009 3557:"Ord Family Papers" 3451:10.1021/ie50129a023 3032:figures follow the 2990:on February 4, 2014 2954:2006EarSp..22...11T 2707:on October 11, 2021 2682:2003BuSSA..93.2160M 2617:. January 30, 2019. 2589:2008BuSSA..98..823S 2535:2002PApGe.159....7W 2458:1975JGR....80.4862T 2379:1999Geo....27...15G 2308:1990Sci...250.1241S 1798:National Geographic 1531:Stanford University 1232:and members of the 574:Wrights, California 450:Northern California 348: / 286:April 18, 1906 252:1906-04-18 13:12:27 52: 7227:1906 in California 7110:2020 Central Idaho 6929:1993 Klamath Falls 6744:1957 San Francisco 6699:1940 New Hampshire 6679:1934 Hansel Valley 6649:1925 Santa Barbara 6639:1921 Sevier Valley 6599:1906 San Francisco 6558:1892 Laguna Salada 6488:1812 Santa Barbara 6478:1811–12 New Madrid 6453:1638 New Hampshire 6319:1957 San Francisco 6174:1925 Santa Barbara 6065:1906 San Francisco 6059:1892 Laguna Salada 5521:authoritative data 5259:Collier's Magazine 5132:on January 9, 2009 5014:Schussler, Hermann 4951:Mary Hunter Austin 4778:(from newspaper) ( 4548:The New York Times 4416:. ancientfaces.com 4347:on April 26, 2006. 4293:on April 15, 2006. 3507:on August 23, 2006 3160:"Earthquake Fires" 2942:Earthquake Spectra 2912:The New York Times 2808:Klein, Barbara J. 2775:Denial of Disaster 2734:The New York Times 2690:10.1785/0120020033 2597:10.1785/0120060402 2543:10.1007/PL00001268 2511:, Aug./Sept. 2006. 2251:on March 27, 2008. 2181:George R. Lawrence 2068:In popular culture 2044:George R. Lawrence 2016:dome at far right. 2006:Yerba Buena Island 1972:San Bruno Mountain 1948:Yerba Buena Island 1900:, looking down at 1745:Insurance payments 1725: 1682: 1674: 1666: 1650:financial district 1534: 1519: 1434: 1417: 1380: 1345:United States Army 1321:Benjamin R. Jacobs 1248:Theodore Roosevelt 1166:Dennis T. Sullivan 1135: 578: 558: 462:Mercalli intensity 456:with an estimated 50: 7247:April 1906 events 7189: 7188: 6924:1993 Scotts Mills 6894:1991 Sierra Madre 6809:1975 Near Islands 6799:1971 San Fernando 6764:1962 Cache Valley 6609:1909 Wabash River 6543:1882 Fort Collins 6533:1872 Owens Valley 6400: 6399: 6367:1991 Sierra Madre 6210:1971 San Fernando 6053:1872 Owens Valley 5979: 5978: 5948:(6.9, August 14) 5841:(7.5–8.0, Jan 4) 5700:(5.4, October 23) 5400:National Archives 5137:Winchester, Simon 5086:Heaton, Thomas H. 4162:R. K. Mackenzie, 3840:978-0-8142-0589-1 3693:Philip L. Fradkin 3536:on March 28, 2008 3190:Popular Mechanics 2962:10.1193/1.2186693 2894:content.cdlib.org 2876:content.cdlib.org 2785:978-0-918684-33-2 2746:William Bronson, 2509:American Heritage 2452:(35): 4862–4872. 2153:California portal 2117:Angels in America 2079:The City That Was 2040:San Francisco Bay 1852:St. Francis Hotel 1785:California Senate 1752:Lloyd's of London 1592:Fisherman's Wharf 1429: 1349:Frederick Funston 1327:used in the 1846 1282: 1272: 1238:Grand Opera House 1097:Carmel-by-the-Sea 1084: 1083: 1080: 703:soil liquefaction 679:San Juan Bautista 504:is a continental 502:San Andreas Fault 446: 445: 372:San Andreas Fault 16:(Redirected from 7259: 7005:2008 Chino Hills 6949:1999 Hector Mine 6899:1992 Joshua Tree 6884:1989 Loma Prieta 6859:1984 Morgan Hill 6839:1981 Westmorland 6824:1979 Coyote Lake 6779:1965 Puget Sound 6774:1965 Rat Islands 6759:1959 Hebgen Lake 6729:1952 Kern County 6634:1918 San Jacinto 6578:1899 San Jacinto 6573:1898 Mare Island 6493:1838 San Andreas 6427: 6420: 6413: 6404: 6403: 6385:2008 Chino Hills 6349:1981 Westmorland 6337:1979 Coyote Lake 6258:1992 Joshua Tree 6252:1989 Loma Prieta 6228:1984 Morgan Hill 6168:1918 San Jacinto 6156:1899 San Jacinto 6150:1898 Mare Island 6107:1999 Hector Mine 6083:1952 Kern County 6041:1838 San Andreas 6006: 5999: 5992: 5983: 5982: 5811:Aleutian Islands 5769:Ecuador–Colombia 5688:(6.8–7.2, Aug 9) 5551: 5544: 5537: 5528: 5527: 5463:Internet Archive 5448:Bancroft Library 5328: 5326: 5324: 5309: 5307: 5305: 5290: 5288: 5286: 5246: 5244: 5242: 5227: 5225: 5223: 5208: 5206: 5204: 5189: 5187: 5185: 5163: 5161: 5133: 5128:, archived from 5069: 5050: 5031: 5029: 5027: 5009: 5007: 5005: 4987: 4985: 4983: 4968: 4966: 4964: 4938: 4936: 4934: 4916: 4914: 4912: 4894: 4892: 4890: 4872: 4870: 4868: 4835: 4834: 4823: 4817: 4812: 4806: 4789: 4783: 4770: 4764: 4763: 4758:. Archived from 4752: 4746: 4745: 4743: 4741: 4735: 4724: 4715: 4709: 4708: 4695: 4689: 4688: 4675: 4669: 4668: 4655: 4649: 4648: 4635: 4629: 4628: 4615: 4609: 4608: 4606: 4604: 4585: 4579: 4578: 4571:Associated Press 4558: 4552: 4551: 4540: 4534: 4533: 4522: 4516: 4515: 4503: 4497: 4496: 4494: 4492: 4473: 4467: 4463: 4454: 4448: 4447: 4445: 4443: 4432: 4426: 4425: 4423: 4421: 4410: 4404: 4403: 4401: 4399: 4377: 4371: 4370: 4368: 4366: 4359:"Security Alert" 4355: 4349: 4348: 4343:. Archived from 4333: 4327: 4326: 4319: 4313: 4301: 4295: 4294: 4289:. Archived from 4279: 4273: 4268: 4262: 4243: 4237: 4230: 4224: 4211: 4205: 4198: 4192: 4178: 4167: 4160: 4154: 4147: 4141: 4140: 4132: 4126: 4125: 4123: 4121: 4114:escholarship.org 4105: 4099: 4092: 4083: 4082: 4062: 4056: 4055:by Blanche Evans 4040: 4034: 4033: 4031: 4029: 4015: 4009: 4006: 4000: 3997:American History 3995:Niderost, Eric, 3983: 3977: 3971: 3965: 3964: 3958: 3953: 3951: 3943: 3935: 3929: 3928: 3926: 3924: 3905: 3899: 3898: 3896: 3894: 3880: 3874: 3873: 3871: 3869: 3859: 3851: 3845: 3844: 3826: 3820: 3819: 3808: 3802: 3795: 3789: 3788: 3786: 3784: 3758: 3752: 3751: 3749: 3747: 3732: 3726: 3720: 3714: 3709: 3703: 3700: 3694: 3679: 3673: 3660: 3654: 3651: 3645: 3642: 3636: 3635: 3633: 3631: 3620: 3614: 3600: 3594: 3579: 3573: 3572: 3570: 3568: 3563:on June 14, 2010 3552: 3546: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3526: 3517: 3516: 3514: 3512: 3497: 3491: 3490: 3483:Nash, Jay Robert 3479: 3473: 3472: 3469:www.sfmuseum.org 3461: 3455: 3454: 3434: 3428: 3425: 3419: 3415:Alice Eastwood, 3413: 3407: 3406: 3404: 3396: 3390: 3389: 3386:www.sfmuseum.org 3378: 3372: 3371: 3364: 3358: 3357: 3352:. Archived from 3333: 3327: 3326: 3324: 3322: 3306: 3300: 3299: 3297: 3295: 3290:. April 18, 2015 3280: 3274: 3273: 3271: 3269: 3234: 3228: 3227: 3225: 3223: 3209: 3203: 3202: 3200: 3198: 3181: 3175: 3174: 3172: 3170: 3156: 3150: 3149: 3147: 3145: 3140:. April 18, 2013 3128: 3122: 3121: 3119: 3117: 3103: 3097: 3096: 3094: 3092: 3082:authors.library. 3079: 3071: 3065: 3064: 3062: 3060: 3043: 3037: 3027: 3025: 3023: 3006: 3000: 2999: 2997: 2995: 2986:. Archived from 2980: 2974: 2973: 2933: 2927: 2926: 2921: 2919: 2914:. April 18, 1906 2904: 2898: 2897: 2886: 2880: 2879: 2868: 2862: 2853: 2847: 2846: 2832: 2826: 2825: 2823: 2821: 2805: 2799: 2796: 2790: 2789: 2769: 2763: 2757: 2751: 2744: 2738: 2737: 2726: 2717: 2716: 2714: 2712: 2706: 2700:. Archived from 2676:(5): 2160–2186. 2667: 2657:Meltzner, A.J.; 2654: 2645: 2644: 2642: 2640: 2635:on July 27, 2015 2631:. Archived from 2625: 2619: 2618: 2607: 2601: 2600: 2574: 2565: 2559: 2553: 2547: 2546: 2518: 2512: 2498:Christine Gibson 2495: 2489: 2476: 2470: 2469: 2441: 2432: 2419: 2413: 2412: 2399: 2390: 2389: 2362: 2356: 2355: 2341: 2335: 2334: 2302:(4985): 1241–4, 2285: 2276: 2275: 2264: 2253: 2252: 2235: 2169: 2164: 2163: 2162: 2155: 2150: 2149: 2148: 2141: 2136: 2135: 2134: 2027: 1989: 1931: 1889: 1843: 1646:Lotta's Fountain 1430: 1329:Bear Flag Revolt 1284: 1283: 1270: 1259: 1212:Mission District 1204: 1195: 1129:Arnold Genthe's 1079: 1074: 1059: 1037: 1015: 993: 971: 949: 927: 905: 883: 858: 857: 847:, the Presidio, 845:Golden Gate Park 809: 797: 779:Santa Monica Bay 759:earthquake swarm 746: 617:hydraulic mining 536:in the south to 496:Tectonic setting 458:moment magnitude 426: 424: 412: 363: 362: 360: 359: 358: 353: 352:37.75°N 122.55°W 349: 346: 345: 344: 341: 296: 294: 289: 236: 235: 222: 221: 208: 207: 194: 193: 180: 179: 166: 165: 152: 151: 138: 137: 124: 123: 110: 109: 96: 95: 82: 81: 75: 60: 53: 49: 21: 7267: 7266: 7262: 7261: 7260: 7258: 7257: 7256: 7192: 7191: 7190: 7185: 7181:2019 Ridgecrest 7144: 7140:2024 New Jersey 7100:2019 Ridgecrest 7070:2014 South Napa 6995:2006 Kiholo Bay 6985:2003 San Simeon 6958: 6954:2000 Yountville 6944:1998 Pymatuning 6934:1994 Northridge 6919:1992 St. George 6849:1983 Borah Peak 6804:1973 Point Mugu 6794:1969 Santa Rosa 6754:1958 Lituya Bay 6689:1936 State Line 6674:1933 Long Beach 6582: 6568:1895 Charleston 6548:1886 Charleston 6523:1870 Charlevoix 6498:1857 Fort Tejon 6473:1783 New Jersey 6458:1663 Charlevoix 6436: 6431: 6401: 6396: 6373:2000 Yountville 6331:1973 Point Mugu 6325:1969 Santa Rosa 6311: 6305: 6294:2019 Ridgecrest 6288:2014 South Napa 6276:2003 San Simeon 6270:1994 Northridge 6186:1933 Long Beach 6164:(6.3 & 6.3) 6130: 6124: 6119:2019 Ridgecrest 6047:1857 Fort Tejon 6021: 6015: 6010: 5980: 5975: 5970: 5960: 5939:(6.2, June 11) 5896: 5874: 5868:(5.9, Oct 23) 5825: 5755: 5712: 5663: 5608: 5577: 5558: 5555: 5523:for this event. 5494:Wayback Machine 5482:Wayback Machine 5444:Wayback Machine 5409:American Memory 5385: 5364:Wayback Machine 5353: 5336: 5334:Further reading 5331: 5322: 5320: 5303: 5301: 5284: 5282: 5280: 5240: 5238: 5221: 5219: 5202: 5200: 5183: 5181: 5078:Kanamori, Hiroo 5054:Tyler, Sydney; 5035:Tyler, Sydney; 5025: 5023: 5003: 5001: 4981: 4979: 4962: 4960: 4932: 4930: 4919: 4910: 4908: 4888: 4886: 4866: 4864: 4843: 4838: 4825: 4824: 4820: 4813: 4809: 4805:(free download) 4790: 4786: 4771: 4767: 4754: 4753: 4749: 4739: 4737: 4733: 4722: 4716: 4712: 4697: 4696: 4692: 4677: 4676: 4672: 4657: 4656: 4652: 4637: 4636: 4632: 4617: 4616: 4612: 4602: 4600: 4587: 4586: 4582: 4559: 4555: 4542: 4541: 4537: 4524: 4523: 4519: 4504: 4500: 4490: 4488: 4475: 4474: 4470: 4461: 4455: 4451: 4441: 4439: 4434: 4433: 4429: 4419: 4417: 4412: 4411: 4407: 4397: 4395: 4378: 4374: 4364: 4362: 4357: 4356: 4352: 4335: 4334: 4330: 4321: 4320: 4316: 4302: 4298: 4281: 4280: 4276: 4269: 4265: 4260:Wayback Machine 4244: 4240: 4231: 4227: 4221:Wayback Machine 4212: 4208: 4199: 4195: 4189:Wayback Machine 4179: 4170: 4161: 4157: 4151:New York Herald 4148: 4144: 4133: 4129: 4119: 4117: 4106: 4102: 4093: 4086: 4063: 4059: 4050:Wayback Machine 4041: 4037: 4027: 4025: 4017: 4016: 4012: 4007: 4003: 3993:Wayback Machine 3984: 3980: 3972: 3968: 3956: 3954: 3945: 3944: 3936: 3932: 3922: 3920: 3906: 3902: 3892: 3890: 3882: 3881: 3877: 3867: 3865: 3857: 3853: 3852: 3848: 3841: 3827: 3823: 3810: 3809: 3805: 3796: 3792: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3759: 3755: 3745: 3743: 3733: 3729: 3721: 3717: 3710: 3706: 3701: 3697: 3691:Wayback Machine 3680: 3676: 3670:Wayback Machine 3661: 3657: 3652: 3648: 3643: 3639: 3629: 3627: 3612: 3604:McCusker, J. J. 3592: 3584:McCusker, J. J. 3580: 3576: 3566: 3564: 3553: 3549: 3539: 3537: 3528: 3527: 3520: 3510: 3508: 3499: 3498: 3494: 3480: 3476: 3463: 3462: 3458: 3435: 3431: 3426: 3422: 3414: 3410: 3402: 3398: 3397: 3393: 3380: 3379: 3375: 3366: 3365: 3361: 3350: 3334: 3330: 3320: 3318: 3307: 3303: 3293: 3291: 3282: 3281: 3277: 3267: 3265: 3235: 3231: 3221: 3219: 3211: 3210: 3206: 3196: 3194: 3193:. July 30, 2007 3183: 3182: 3178: 3168: 3166: 3158: 3157: 3153: 3143: 3141: 3130: 3129: 3125: 3115: 3113: 3105: 3104: 3100: 3090: 3088: 3077: 3073: 3072: 3068: 3058: 3056: 3045: 3044: 3040: 3021: 3019: 3007: 3003: 2993: 2991: 2982: 2981: 2977: 2934: 2930: 2917: 2915: 2906: 2905: 2901: 2888: 2887: 2883: 2870: 2869: 2865: 2854: 2850: 2833: 2829: 2819: 2817: 2806: 2802: 2797: 2793: 2786: 2770: 2766: 2758: 2754: 2745: 2741: 2728: 2727: 2720: 2710: 2708: 2704: 2665: 2655: 2648: 2638: 2636: 2627: 2626: 2622: 2609: 2608: 2604: 2572: 2566: 2562: 2554: 2550: 2519: 2515: 2505:Wayback Machine 2496: 2492: 2486:Wayback Machine 2477: 2473: 2442: 2435: 2429:Wayback Machine 2420: 2416: 2400: 2393: 2363: 2359: 2342: 2338: 2286: 2279: 2266: 2265: 2256: 2237: 2236: 2229: 2225: 2165: 2160: 2158: 2151: 2146: 2144: 2137: 2132: 2130: 2127: 2070: 2065: 2064: 2063: 2033: 2028: 2019: 2018: 2017: 2010:Grace Cathedral 1995: 1990: 1981: 1980: 1979: 1937: 1932: 1923: 1922: 1921: 1895: 1890: 1881: 1880: 1879: 1849: 1844: 1835: 1794: 1747: 1734:Andrew Carnegie 1710: 1658: 1633:except for the 1627:Pacific Heights 1604:Rockaway Quarry 1539: 1456:Bank of America 1419: 1409: 1388:Adolphus Greely 1367:in what is now 1341: 1325:California flag 1304: 1303: 1295: 1293: 1292: 1291: 1290: 1289: 1285: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1269: 1267: 1260: 1226:William Ralston 1218: 1217: 1216: 1215: 1210:Burning of the 1207: 1206: 1205: 1197: 1196: 1121: 1109: 1075: 1053: 1031: 1009: 987: 965: 943: 921: 899: 877: 817: 816: 815: 814: 813: 810: 802: 801: 798: 787: 776: 775: 770: 769: 763:Imperial Valley 753: 752: 745: 744: 719: 687: 626:For years, the 550: 506:transform fault 498: 418: 416: 402: 398: 394: 356: 354: 350: 347: 342: 339: 337: 335: 334: 317: 301:Local time 292: 290: 287: 283:Local date 241: 240: 239: 238: 237: 229: 228: 227: 223: 215: 214: 213: 209: 201: 200: 199: 195: 187: 186: 185: 181: 173: 172: 171: 167: 159: 158: 157: 153: 145: 144: 143: 139: 131: 130: 129: 125: 117: 116: 115: 111: 103: 102: 101: 97: 89: 88: 87: 83: 63: 46: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7265: 7255: 7254: 7249: 7244: 7242:1900s tsunamis 7239: 7234: 7229: 7224: 7219: 7214: 7209: 7204: 7187: 7186: 7184: 7183: 7178: 7173: 7168: 7163: 7158: 7152: 7150: 7146: 7145: 7143: 7142: 7137: 7132: 7127: 7122: 7117: 7112: 7107: 7102: 7097: 7092: 7090:2018 Anchorage 7087: 7082: 7077: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7057: 7052: 7047: 7042: 7037: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7012: 7007: 7002: 6997: 6992: 6987: 6982: 6977: 6972: 6970:2001 Nisqually 6966: 6964: 6960: 6959: 6957: 6956: 6951: 6946: 6941: 6936: 6931: 6926: 6921: 6916: 6911: 6906: 6901: 6896: 6891: 6886: 6881: 6876: 6871: 6866: 6861: 6856: 6851: 6846: 6841: 6836: 6831: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6756: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6736: 6731: 6726: 6721: 6716: 6714:1947 Wisconsin 6711: 6706: 6701: 6696: 6694:1940 El Centro 6691: 6686: 6681: 6676: 6671: 6666: 6661: 6659:1931 Valentine 6656: 6651: 6646: 6641: 6636: 6631: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6594:1901 Richfield 6590: 6588: 6584: 6583: 6581: 6580: 6575: 6570: 6565: 6560: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6515: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6470: 6465: 6460: 6455: 6450: 6444: 6442: 6438: 6437: 6430: 6429: 6422: 6415: 6407: 6398: 6397: 6395: 6394: 6388: 6382: 6379:2007 Alum Rock 6376: 6370: 6364: 6358: 6352: 6346: 6343:1980 Livermore 6340: 6334: 6328: 6322: 6315: 6313: 6307: 6306: 6304: 6303: 6297: 6291: 6285: 6279: 6273: 6267: 6261: 6255: 6249: 6243: 6237: 6231: 6225: 6219: 6213: 6207: 6201: 6195: 6192:1940 El Centro 6189: 6183: 6177: 6171: 6165: 6159: 6153: 6147: 6141: 6134: 6132: 6126: 6125: 6123: 6122: 6116: 6110: 6104: 6098: 6092: 6086: 6080: 6074: 6068: 6062: 6056: 6050: 6044: 6038: 6032: 6025: 6023: 6017: 6016: 6009: 6008: 6001: 5994: 5986: 5977: 5976: 5965: 5962: 5961: 5959: 5958: 5957:(5.1, Sept 27) 5952: 5943: 5934: 5925: 5921:(6.0, Apr 23) 5916: 5912:(7.3, Jan 23) 5906: 5904: 5898: 5897: 5895: 5894: 5890:(7.1, Dec 28) 5884: 5882: 5876: 5875: 5873: 5872: 5863: 5859:(7.4, Oct 21) 5854: 5850:(6.5, Jan 14) 5845: 5835: 5833: 5827: 5826: 5824: 5823: 5819:(7.9, Dec 22) 5814: 5808: 5804:(8.2, Aug 16) 5799: 5798:(5.2, June 27) 5793: 5789:(7.8, Apr 18) 5784: 5780:(6.8, Mar 17) 5775: 5771:(8.8, Jan 31) 5765: 5763: 5757: 5756: 5754: 5753: 5749:(7.2, Sept 8) 5744: 5743:(8.4, July 23) 5738: 5732: 5722: 5720: 5714: 5713: 5711: 5710: 5701: 5695: 5689: 5686:Cape Turnagain 5683: 5673: 5671: 5665: 5664: 5662: 5661: 5649: 5637: 5628: 5618: 5616: 5610: 5609: 5607: 5606: 5600: 5594: 5587: 5585: 5579: 5578: 5576: 5575: 5568: 5566: 5560: 5559: 5554: 5553: 5546: 5539: 5531: 5525: 5524: 5509: 5503: 5497: 5484: 5472: 5465: 5456: 5450: 5434: 5424: 5415: 5402: 5393: 5367: 5352: 5351:External links 5349: 5348: 5347: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5329: 5310: 5291: 5278: 5263: 5262:, May 5, 1906. 5247: 5228: 5209: 5199:. C. E. Thomas 5190: 5170: 5169: 5165: 5164: 5151: 5134: 5074:Wald, David J. 5070: 5051: 5032: 5010: 4988: 4969: 4939: 4917: 4895: 4873: 4851: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4836: 4818: 4807: 4784: 4782:free download) 4765: 4747: 4710: 4690: 4670: 4650: 4630: 4610: 4580: 4553: 4535: 4517: 4498: 4468: 4462:, 2009-02-07, 4449: 4427: 4405: 4372: 4350: 4328: 4314: 4296: 4274: 4263: 4246:See T. Röder, 4238: 4225: 4206: 4193: 4168: 4155: 4142: 4127: 4100: 4084: 4057: 4043:Reality Times: 4035: 4010: 4001: 3978: 3966: 3957:|journal= 3930: 3911:(March 2014). 3909:Hansen, Gladys 3900: 3875: 3846: 3839: 3821: 3803: 3790: 3776: 3762:James, William 3753: 3727: 3715: 3704: 3695: 3674: 3655: 3646: 3637: 3621:1800–present: 3574: 3547: 3518: 3492: 3489:. p. 492. 3474: 3456: 3445:(9): 899–903. 3429: 3420: 3408: 3391: 3373: 3359: 3348: 3328: 3301: 3275: 3229: 3204: 3176: 3151: 3123: 3098: 3066: 3038: 3034:MeasuringWorth 3028:United States 3016:MeasuringWorth 3001: 2975: 2928: 2899: 2881: 2863: 2859:Press Democrat 2848: 2827: 2800: 2791: 2784: 2764: 2752: 2739: 2718: 2646: 2620: 2602: 2583:(2): 823–831. 2560: 2548: 2513: 2490: 2471: 2433: 2414: 2391: 2357: 2336: 2277: 2272:alomax.free.fr 2254: 2226: 2224: 2221: 2220: 2219: 2214: 2209: 2204: 2199: 2194: 2189: 2184: 2178: 2171: 2170: 2156: 2142: 2126: 2123: 2122: 2121: 2108: 2102:disaster movie 2093: 2069: 2066: 2056:Ferry Building 2030: 2029: 2022: 2021: 2020: 1992: 1991: 1984: 1983: 1982: 1956:Fairmont Hotel 1952:Ferry Building 1944:Telegraph Hill 1934: 1933: 1926: 1925: 1924: 1892: 1891: 1884: 1883: 1882: 1846: 1845: 1838: 1837: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1793: 1790: 1756:Cuthbert Heath 1746: 1743: 1738:Bank of Canada 1709: 1706: 1657: 1654: 1596:Telegraph Hill 1559:Daniel Burnham 1538: 1537:Reconstruction 1535: 1515:Ferry Building 1513:View from the 1503:Man with a Hoe 1408: 1405: 1357:Eugene Schmitz 1340: 1337: 1308:Alice Eastwood 1294: 1287: 1286: 1276: 1268:by Jack London 1265: 1263: 1262: 1261: 1254: 1253: 1252: 1209: 1208: 1199: 1198: 1190: 1189: 1188: 1187: 1186: 1120: 1117: 1108: 1105: 1082: 1081: 1071: 1070: 1061: 1049: 1048: 1039: 1027: 1026: 1017: 1005: 1004: 995: 983: 982: 973: 961: 960: 951: 939: 938: 929: 917: 916: 907: 895: 894: 885: 873: 872: 869: 863: 862: 811: 804: 803: 799: 792: 791: 790: 789: 788: 786: 783: 773: 772: 767: 766: 750: 749: 742: 741: 725:. As with the 718: 715: 686: 683: 566:Wrights Tunnel 549: 546: 538:Cape Mendocino 497: 494: 478:Salinas Valley 444: 443: 440: 436: 435: 432: 428: 427: 414: 407: 406: 389: 388:Areas affected 385: 384: 379: 375: 374: 369: 365: 364: 357:37.75; -122.55 332: 328: 327: 324: 320: 319: 315: 310: 306: 305: 304:05:12:27 (PST) 302: 298: 297: 284: 280: 279: 274: 267: 266: 261: 254: 253: 250: 243: 242: 231: 230: 225: 224: 217: 216: 211: 210: 203: 202: 197: 196: 189: 188: 183: 182: 175: 174: 169: 168: 161: 160: 155: 154: 147: 146: 141: 140: 133: 132: 127: 126: 119: 118: 113: 112: 105: 104: 99: 98: 91: 90: 85: 84: 77: 76: 70: 69: 68: 65: 64: 61: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7264: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7235: 7233: 7230: 7228: 7225: 7223: 7220: 7218: 7215: 7213: 7210: 7208: 7205: 7203: 7200: 7199: 7197: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7154: 7153: 7151: 7147: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7131: 7130:2022 Ferndale 7128: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7111: 7108: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7096: 7093: 7091: 7088: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7075:2016 Oklahoma 7073: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7055:2014 La Habra 7053: 7051: 7048: 7046: 7045:2011 Oklahoma 7043: 7041: 7040:2011 Virginia 7038: 7036: 7035:2011 Colorado 7033: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7001: 7000:2008 Illinois 6998: 6996: 6993: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6967: 6965: 6961: 6955: 6952: 6950: 6947: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6939:1995 Marathon 6937: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6914:1992 Big Bear 6912: 6910: 6907: 6905: 6902: 6900: 6897: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6867: 6865: 6862: 6860: 6857: 6855: 6852: 6850: 6847: 6845: 6844:1983 Coalinga 6842: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6789:1968 Illinois 6787: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6720: 6717: 6715: 6712: 6710: 6707: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6642: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6629:1916 Irondale 6627: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6591: 6589: 6585: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6468:1755 Cape Ann 6466: 6464: 6463:1700 Cascadia 6461: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6446: 6445: 6443: 6439: 6435: 6428: 6423: 6421: 6416: 6414: 6409: 6408: 6405: 6392: 6391:2014 La Habra 6389: 6386: 6383: 6380: 6377: 6374: 6371: 6368: 6365: 6362: 6359: 6356: 6353: 6350: 6347: 6344: 6341: 6338: 6335: 6332: 6329: 6326: 6323: 6320: 6317: 6316: 6314: 6308: 6301: 6300:2022 Ferndale 6298: 6295: 6292: 6289: 6286: 6283: 6280: 6277: 6274: 6271: 6268: 6265: 6264:1992 Big Bear 6262: 6259: 6256: 6253: 6250: 6247: 6244: 6241: 6238: 6235: 6232: 6229: 6226: 6223: 6222:1983 Coalinga 6220: 6217: 6214: 6211: 6208: 6205: 6202: 6199: 6196: 6193: 6190: 6187: 6184: 6181: 6178: 6175: 6172: 6169: 6166: 6163: 6160: 6157: 6154: 6151: 6148: 6145: 6142: 6139: 6136: 6135: 6133: 6127: 6120: 6117: 6114: 6111: 6108: 6105: 6102: 6099: 6096: 6093: 6090: 6087: 6084: 6081: 6078: 6075: 6072: 6069: 6066: 6063: 6060: 6057: 6054: 6051: 6048: 6045: 6042: 6039: 6036: 6033: 6030: 6027: 6026: 6024: 6018: 6014: 6007: 6002: 6000: 5995: 5993: 5988: 5987: 5984: 5973: 5968: 5963: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930:(7.6, Jun 4) 5929: 5926: 5924: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5911: 5908: 5907: 5905: 5903: 5899: 5893: 5889: 5886: 5885: 5883: 5881: 5877: 5871: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5840: 5837: 5836: 5834: 5832: 5828: 5822: 5818: 5815: 5813:(8.4, Aug 17) 5812: 5809: 5807: 5803: 5800: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5788: 5787:San Francisco 5785: 5783: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5770: 5767: 5766: 5764: 5762: 5758: 5752: 5748: 5745: 5742: 5739: 5737:(8.0, July 9) 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728:(7.8, Apr 4) 5727: 5724: 5723: 5721: 5719: 5715: 5709: 5705: 5702: 5699: 5696: 5694:(6.8, Aug 11) 5693: 5690: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5678: 5675: 5674: 5672: 5670: 5666: 5660: 5657: 5654:(6.4, Dec 16) 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5642:(7.7, Aug 22) 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633:(7.5, Apr 18) 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624:(6.9, Feb 13) 5623: 5620: 5619: 5617: 5615: 5611: 5605:(7.0, Nov 13) 5604: 5601: 5599:(6.9, Apr 13) 5598: 5595: 5593:(7.2, Mar 31) 5592: 5589: 5588: 5586: 5584: 5580: 5574:(7.7, Oct 28) 5573: 5570: 5569: 5567: 5565: 5561: 5552: 5547: 5545: 5540: 5538: 5533: 5532: 5529: 5522: 5518: 5514: 5510: 5507: 5504: 5501: 5498: 5495: 5491: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5479: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5470: 5466: 5464: 5460: 5457: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5445: 5441: 5438: 5435: 5432: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5410: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5388: 5383: 5379: 5378: 5373: 5368: 5365: 5361: 5358: 5355: 5354: 5346: 5342: 5338: 5337: 5318: 5317: 5311: 5299: 5298: 5292: 5281: 5279:9780806509846 5275: 5271: 5270: 5264: 5261: 5260: 5255: 5251: 5248: 5236: 5235: 5229: 5217: 5216: 5210: 5198: 5197: 5191: 5179: 5178: 5172: 5171: 5167: 5166: 5160: 5159: 5152: 5150: 5149:0-06-057199-3 5146: 5142: 5138: 5135: 5131: 5127: 5123: 5119: 5115: 5111: 5107: 5103: 5099: 5095: 5091: 5087: 5083: 5079: 5075: 5071: 5067: 5063: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5048: 5044: 5043: 5038: 5033: 5021: 5020: 5015: 5011: 4999: 4998: 4993: 4989: 4977: 4976: 4970: 4958: 4957: 4952: 4948: 4944: 4940: 4928: 4924: 4923: 4918: 4906: 4905: 4900: 4896: 4884: 4883: 4878: 4874: 4863: 4862: 4856: 4852: 4849: 4846: 4845: 4832: 4828: 4822: 4816: 4811: 4804: 4800: 4796: 4795: 4788: 4781: 4780:gutenberg.org 4777: 4776: 4769: 4761: 4757: 4751: 4732: 4728: 4721: 4714: 4706: 4705: 4700: 4694: 4686: 4685: 4680: 4674: 4666: 4665: 4660: 4654: 4646: 4645: 4640: 4634: 4626: 4625: 4620: 4614: 4598: 4594: 4590: 4584: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4557: 4549: 4545: 4539: 4531: 4527: 4521: 4513: 4509: 4502: 4486: 4482: 4478: 4472: 4466: 4460: 4457: 4453: 4437: 4431: 4415: 4409: 4393: 4389: 4388: 4383: 4376: 4360: 4354: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4337:"Travel News" 4332: 4324: 4318: 4312: 4311:archive.today 4308: 4305: 4300: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4278: 4272: 4267: 4261: 4257: 4254: 4253: 4249: 4242: 4235: 4229: 4222: 4218: 4215: 4210: 4203: 4197: 4190: 4186: 4183: 4177: 4175: 4173: 4165: 4159: 4152: 4146: 4138: 4131: 4115: 4111: 4104: 4097: 4091: 4089: 4080: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4061: 4054: 4051: 4047: 4044: 4039: 4024: 4020: 4014: 4005: 3998: 3994: 3990: 3987: 3982: 3975: 3970: 3962: 3949: 3941: 3934: 3918: 3914: 3910: 3904: 3889: 3885: 3879: 3863: 3856: 3850: 3842: 3836: 3832: 3825: 3817: 3813: 3807: 3800: 3797:H. G. Wells, 3794: 3779: 3777:9780722220276 3773: 3769: 3768: 3763: 3757: 3742: 3738: 3731: 3724: 3719: 3713: 3708: 3699: 3692: 3688: 3685: 3684: 3678: 3671: 3667: 3664: 3659: 3650: 3641: 3626: 3618: 3611: 3610: 3605: 3598: 3591: 3590: 3585: 3578: 3562: 3558: 3551: 3535: 3531: 3525: 3523: 3506: 3502: 3496: 3488: 3487:Darkest Hours 3484: 3478: 3470: 3466: 3460: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3433: 3424: 3418: 3412: 3401: 3395: 3387: 3383: 3377: 3369: 3363: 3355: 3351: 3349:9780784407394 3345: 3341: 3340: 3332: 3316: 3312: 3305: 3289: 3285: 3279: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3233: 3218: 3214: 3208: 3192: 3191: 3186: 3180: 3165: 3161: 3155: 3139: 3138: 3133: 3127: 3112: 3111:oac.cdlib.org 3108: 3102: 3087: 3085: 3076: 3070: 3054: 3053: 3048: 3042: 3035: 3031: 3018: 3017: 3012: 3005: 2989: 2985: 2979: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2948:(2S): 11–41. 2947: 2943: 2939: 2932: 2925: 2913: 2909: 2903: 2895: 2891: 2885: 2877: 2873: 2867: 2860: 2857: 2852: 2844: 2840: 2839: 2831: 2815: 2811: 2804: 2795: 2787: 2781: 2777: 2776: 2768: 2761: 2756: 2749: 2743: 2735: 2731: 2725: 2723: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2664: 2660: 2653: 2651: 2634: 2630: 2624: 2616: 2612: 2606: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2571: 2564: 2557: 2552: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2529:(1–3): 7–62. 2528: 2524: 2517: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2499: 2494: 2487: 2483: 2480: 2475: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2440: 2438: 2430: 2426: 2423: 2418: 2411: 2407: 2406: 2398: 2396: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2361: 2353: 2349: 2348: 2340: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2296: 2291: 2284: 2282: 2273: 2269: 2263: 2261: 2259: 2250: 2246: 2245: 2240: 2234: 2232: 2227: 2218: 2217:List of fires 2215: 2213: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2203: 2200: 2198: 2195: 2193: 2190: 2188: 2185: 2182: 2179: 2176: 2175:Arnold Genthe 2173: 2172: 2168: 2157: 2154: 2143: 2140: 2129: 2119: 2118: 2113: 2109: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2098: 2097:San Francisco 2094: 2091: 2090:New York City 2087: 2086: 2081: 2080: 2075: 2072: 2071: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2052:Market Street 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2032: 2026: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1994: 1988: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1964:Call Building 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1936: 1930: 1919: 1918:Call Building 1915: 1911: 1907: 1906:Market Street 1903: 1902:Eureka Valley 1899: 1894: 1888: 1877: 1876:Newspaper Row 1873: 1872:Call Building 1869: 1865: 1864:Market Street 1861: 1857: 1853: 1848: 1842: 1830: 1828: 1827: 1822: 1817: 1814: 1808: 1806: 1803: 1799: 1789: 1786: 1780: 1778: 1777:Panic of 1907 1774: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1742: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1722: 1719: 1714: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1678: 1670: 1662: 1653: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1638: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1623: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1607: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1580: 1577:with a large 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1554: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1532: 1528: 1523: 1516: 1511: 1507: 1505: 1504: 1499: 1495: 1490: 1486: 1484: 1479: 1475: 1474:William James 1468: 1463: 1459: 1457: 1453: 1452:Bank of Italy 1447: 1444: 1443:George Pardee 1438: 1413: 1404: 1401: 1397: 1391: 1389: 1385: 1376: 1372: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1336: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1317: 1316:type specimen 1313: 1309: 1302: 1300: 1274: 1258: 1251: 1249: 1245: 1244: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1230:Enrico Caruso 1227: 1223: 1213: 1203: 1194: 1185: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1169: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1150: 1148: 1144: 1139: 1132: 1127: 1123: 1116: 1114: 1104: 1100: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1078: 1072: 1069: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1051: 1050: 1047: 1043: 1040: 1038: 1035: 1029: 1028: 1025: 1021: 1018: 1016: 1013: 1007: 1006: 1003: 999: 996: 994: 991: 985: 984: 981: 977: 974: 972: 969: 963: 962: 959: 955: 952: 950: 947: 941: 940: 937: 933: 930: 928: 925: 919: 918: 915: 911: 908: 906: 903: 897: 896: 893: 889: 888:San Francisco 886: 884: 881: 875: 874: 870: 868: 865: 864: 859: 856: 854: 850: 849:the Panhandle 846: 842: 838: 833: 831: 827: 822: 808: 796: 782: 780: 764: 760: 755: 747: 736: 732: 731:Hayward Fault 728: 724: 714: 712: 708: 704: 700: 696: 692: 691:Andrew Lawson 682: 680: 676: 671: 669: 665: 659: 657: 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 633: 629: 624: 622: 618: 613: 608: 606: 602: 597: 596:Earth's crust 593: 592: 587: 583: 575: 571: 567: 562: 554: 545: 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 515: 514:Pacific Plate 511: 507: 503: 493: 491: 487: 486:San Francisco 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 441: 437: 433: 429: 425: 422: 415: 408: 405: 404:United States 401: 400:Central Coast 397: 393: 390: 386: 383: 380: 376: 373: 370: 366: 361: 333: 329: 325: 321: 318: 311: 307: 303: 299: 285: 281: 278: 275: 273: 268: 265: 262: 259: 255: 251: 248: 244: 74: 66: 59: 54: 48: 44: 37: 33: 19: 7171:2012 Brawley 7125:2021 Chignik 7030:2010 Indiana 6980:2003 Alabama 6963:21st century 6909:1992 Landers 6724:1949 Olympia 6644:1925 Montana 6598: 6587:20th century 6518:1868 Hayward 6503:1865 Memphis 6138:1868 Hayward 6101:1992 Landers 6064: 6035:1812 Ventura 5971: 5966: 5955:Wabash River 5949: 5940: 5931: 5922: 5913: 5891: 5869: 5860: 5851: 5842: 5820: 5805: 5790: 5786: 5781: 5772: 5750: 5729: 5707: 5706:(6.1, Nov 6) 5680: 5658: 5655: 5646: 5643: 5634: 5625: 5517:bibliography 5468: 5375: 5340: 5321:. Retrieved 5315: 5302:. Retrieved 5296: 5283:. Retrieved 5268: 5257: 5250:London, Jack 5239:. Retrieved 5233: 5220:. Retrieved 5214: 5201:. Retrieved 5195: 5182:. Retrieved 5176: 5162:. Doubleday. 5157: 5140: 5130:the original 5104:: 981–1019, 5097: 5093: 5060: 5041: 5024:. Retrieved 5018: 5002:. Retrieved 4996: 4980:. Retrieved 4974: 4961:. Retrieved 4955: 4931:. Retrieved 4925:. New York: 4921: 4909:. Retrieved 4903: 4887:. Retrieved 4881: 4865:. Retrieved 4859: 4847: 4830: 4821: 4810: 4793: 4787: 4774: 4772:Will Irwin. 4768: 4760:the original 4750: 4738:. Retrieved 4731:the original 4726: 4713: 4702: 4693: 4682: 4673: 4662: 4653: 4642: 4633: 4622: 4613: 4601:. Retrieved 4583: 4566: 4556: 4547: 4538: 4529: 4520: 4511: 4501: 4489:. Retrieved 4480: 4471: 4464: 4452: 4440:. Retrieved 4430: 4418:. Retrieved 4408: 4396:. Retrieved 4385: 4375: 4363:. Retrieved 4353: 4345:the original 4340: 4331: 4317: 4299: 4291:the original 4286: 4277: 4266: 4251: 4247: 4241: 4233: 4228: 4209: 4201: 4196: 4163: 4158: 4150: 4145: 4136: 4130: 4120:February 23, 4118:. Retrieved 4113: 4103: 4095: 4070: 4066: 4060: 4052: 4038: 4026:. Retrieved 4022: 4013: 4004: 3996: 3981: 3969: 3948:cite journal 3933: 3923:February 14, 3921:. Retrieved 3916: 3903: 3891:. Retrieved 3887: 3878: 3866:. Retrieved 3861: 3849: 3830: 3824: 3815: 3806: 3798: 3793: 3781:. Retrieved 3766: 3756: 3744:. Retrieved 3740: 3730: 3718: 3707: 3698: 3682: 3677: 3658: 3649: 3640: 3630:February 29, 3628:. Retrieved 3608: 3588: 3577: 3565:. Retrieved 3561:the original 3550: 3538:. Retrieved 3534:the original 3511:September 3, 3509:. Retrieved 3505:the original 3495: 3486: 3477: 3468: 3459: 3442: 3438: 3432: 3423: 3416: 3411: 3394: 3385: 3376: 3362: 3354:the original 3338: 3331: 3319:. Retrieved 3314: 3304: 3292:. Retrieved 3287: 3278: 3266:. Retrieved 3249:(1): 87–88. 3246: 3242: 3232: 3220:. Retrieved 3216: 3207: 3195:. Retrieved 3188: 3179: 3167:. Retrieved 3163: 3154: 3142:. Retrieved 3135: 3126: 3114:. Retrieved 3110: 3101: 3089:. Retrieved 3081: 3069: 3057:. Retrieved 3050: 3041: 3033: 3022:November 30, 3020:. Retrieved 3014: 3004: 2992:. Retrieved 2988:the original 2978: 2945: 2941: 2931: 2923: 2916:. Retrieved 2911: 2902: 2893: 2884: 2875: 2866: 2858: 2851: 2837: 2830: 2818:. Retrieved 2803: 2794: 2774: 2767: 2755: 2747: 2742: 2733: 2709:. Retrieved 2702:the original 2673: 2669: 2637:. Retrieved 2633:the original 2623: 2614: 2605: 2580: 2576: 2563: 2551: 2526: 2522: 2516: 2508: 2493: 2474: 2449: 2445: 2417: 2404: 2373:(1): 15–18, 2370: 2366: 2360: 2354:, p. 75 2346: 2339: 2299: 2293: 2271: 2249:the original 2242: 2115: 2112:Tony Kushner 2095: 2083: 2077: 1968:Potrero Hill 1860:Geary Street 1856:Union Square 1824: 1819:In 2005 the 1818: 1809: 1795: 1781: 1748: 1730:Standard Oil 1726: 1702: 1698: 1694:John McLaren 1683: 1639: 1624: 1608: 1584:neoclassical 1555: 1540: 1501: 1487: 1482: 1470: 1465: 1460: 1448: 1439: 1435: 1392: 1381: 1361:Angel Island 1342: 1305: 1296: 1241: 1222:Palace Hotel 1219: 1170: 1151: 1147:Hayes Valley 1143:Ham and Eggs 1142: 1140: 1136: 1122: 1110: 1107:Other cities 1101: 1085: 1064:Santa Monica 1055: 1033: 1011: 989: 967: 945: 923: 901: 879: 834: 818: 756: 720: 710: 709:reached XI ( 688: 672: 660: 640:Marin County 625: 609: 589: 579: 499: 465: 447: 420: 212:Santa Monica 47: 7120:2020 Sparta 7085:2018 Hawaii 7080:2018 Alaska 7020:2010 Eureka 6975:2002 Denali 6889:1990 Upland 6854:1983 Kaoiki 6834:1980 Eureka 6819:1975 Hawaii 6814:1975 Morris 6769:1964 Alaska 6749:1958 Huslia 6684:1935 Helena 6664:1932 Eureka 6654:1927 Lompoc 6553:1887 Sonora 6528:1871 Lānaʻi 6513:1868 Hawaii 6361:1990 Upland 6282:2010 Eureka 6180:1932 Eureka 6089:1980 Eureka 6077:1927 Lompoc 5370:‹ The 4791:Will Irwin 3884:"Limestone" 3601:1700–1799: 3581:1634–1699: 2994:February 3, 2639:January 18, 2106:Clark Gable 2036:Golden Gate 1575:Lake Merced 1489:H. G. Wells 1046:Bakersfield 1024:Paso Robles 968:Very strong 936:Point Arena 717:Aftershocks 695:correlation 648:Golden Gate 644:UC Berkeley 636:Point Reyes 522:strike-slip 474:North Coast 392:North Coast 382:Strike-slip 355: / 260: event 198:Paso Robles 170:Bakersfield 7196:Categories 7156:2001 Enola 7135:2023 Texas 7015:2008 Wells 6441:Historical 6327:(5.6, 5.7) 6248:(6.2, 6.6) 6146:(6.4, 6.2) 6020:Very Large 5802:Valparaíso 5735:Tsetserleg 5323:August 15, 5304:August 15, 5285:August 15, 5241:August 15, 5222:August 15, 5203:August 15, 5184:August 15, 5026:August 15, 5004:August 15, 4982:August 15, 4963:August 15, 4933:August 15, 4911:August 15, 4889:August 15, 4867:August 15, 4841:References 4831:SparkNotes 4442:January 2, 4398:August 17, 3567:October 7, 3321:January 1, 3294:January 1, 3268:January 1, 3222:January 1, 3197:January 1, 3169:January 1, 3144:January 1, 3116:January 1, 3091:January 1, 3059:January 1, 3052:calisphere 2659:Wald, D.J. 2074:Will Irwin 2060:Twin Peaks 1976:Twin Peaks 1942:, showing 1898:Twin Peaks 1721:locomotive 1600:Coit Tower 1571:Twin Peaks 1396:Edward Ord 1299:media help 1162:firebreaks 1131:photograph 1113:Santa Rosa 1089:West Coast 944:MMI VIII ( 910:Sebastopol 892:Santa Rosa 871:Locations 826:Santa Rosa 735:Santa Cruz 675:hypocenter 668:supershear 666:velocity ( 568:along the 548:Earthquake 534:Salton Sea 454:earthquake 442:700–3,000+ 439:Casualties 293:1906-04-18 249: time 142:Santa Rosa 7161:2008 Reno 7010:2008 Reno 6614:1914 Reno 6312:(5.0–5.9) 6212:(6.5–6.7) 6152:(5.8–6.4) 6140:(6.3–6.7) 6131:(6.0–6.9) 6061:(7.1–7.2) 6055:(7.4–7.9) 6043:(6.8–7.2) 6037:(7.1–7.5) 6031:(6.9–7.5) 6022:(7.0–7.9) 5919:Benavente 5640:Turkestan 5631:Guatemala 5603:Richfield 5591:Black Sea 5126:129739379 4861:Engineers 4803:671922810 4740:March 20, 4028:April 23, 3893:August 4, 3868:August 4, 3540:March 26, 3263:162254376 2970:8755-2930 2918:April 19, 2820:August 1, 2698:128704816 2014:City Hall 1962:'s domed 1916:'s domed 1910:City Hall 1870:'s domed 1833:Panoramas 1612:City Hall 1563:Haussmann 1494:Chinatown 1407:Aftermath 1384:U.S. Mint 1177:indemnify 1054:MMI III ( 980:Parkfield 966:MMI VII ( 914:San Bruno 853:Ingleside 821:Chinatown 685:Intensity 634:, in the 628:epicenter 612:foreshock 610:A strong 413:intensity 331:Epicenter 309:Magnitude 6310:Moderate 5937:Provence 5910:Borujerd 5866:Calabria 5848:Kingston 5817:Xinjiang 5747:Calabria 5622:Shamakhi 5490:Archived 5478:Archived 5440:Archived 5372:template 5360:Archived 5088:(1993), 5058:(1910). 5039:(1908). 5016:(1907). 4953:(1907). 4879:(1906). 4857:(1907). 4603:July 22, 4597:Archived 4575:Archived 4491:June 24, 4485:Archived 4392:Archived 4307:Archived 4256:Archived 4217:Archived 4185:Archived 4046:Archived 3989:Archived 3783:April 3, 3764:(1911). 3746:April 3, 3741:HuffPost 3687:Archived 3666:Archived 3606:(1992). 3586:(1997). 3137:hoodline 3036:series. 2814:Archived 2661:(2003). 2501:Archived 2482:Archived 2425:Archived 2332:23913195 2324:17829210 2125:See also 2114:'s play 2002:Nob Hill 1940:Nob Hill 1813:Colorado 1718:derailed 1631:Nob Hill 1579:atheneum 1478:Stanford 1467:succeed. 1369:Hercules 1339:Response 1173:insurers 1158:dynamite 1042:Dunsmuir 1032:MMI IV ( 1012:Moderate 988:MMI VI ( 932:San Jose 922:MMI IX ( 878:MMI XI ( 841:Berkeley 830:San Jose 699:sediment 638:area of 542:geodetic 516:and the 510:tectonic 419:MMI XI ( 343:122°33′W 264:16957905 100:Dunsmuir 5946:Anegawa 5928:Kerinci 5888:Messina 5857:Qaratog 5839:Sumatra 5796:Swansea 5778:Meishan 5652:Andijan 5597:Cheviot 5572:Caracas 5519:and/or 5433:website 5411:at the 5374:below ( 5106:Bibcode 4707:. 1906. 4687:. 1906. 4667:. 1906. 4647:. 1906. 4627:. 1906. 4420:July 6, 4365:July 6, 3084:caltech 2950:Bibcode 2711:July 6, 2678:Bibcode 2615:Gizmodo 2585:Bibcode 2531:Bibcode 2454:Bibcode 2375:Bibcode 2367:Geology 2304:Bibcode 2295:Science 2100:, 1936 2085:The Sun 1954:tower, 1904:, with 1686:redwood 1656:Housing 1527:Agassiz 1398:of the 1175:was to 1010:MMI V ( 998:Willows 976:Truckee 958:Salinas 924:Violent 902:Extreme 900:MMI X ( 880:Extreme 837:Oakland 761:in the 711:Extreme 652:tsunami 526:dextral 476:to the 472:on the 466:Extreme 464:of XI ( 431:Tsunami 421:Extreme 340:37°45′N 291: ( 156:Salinas 128:Truckee 7149:Swarms 5741:Bolnai 5726:Kangra 5704:Douliu 5677:Kresna 5515:has a 5508:– USGS 5391:Curlie 5377:Curlie 5345:online 5276: 5147: 5124: 4929:. 1906 4815:review 4801: 4512:SFGATE 3837: 3774: 3346: 3261: 3055:. 1906 2968: 2782: 2696: 2402:USGS, 2330: 2322: 2046:using 2008:, (2) 1823:added 1708:Relief 1618:, and 1498:Millet 1333:Sonoma 1243:Carmen 1002:Fresno 990:Strong 954:Eureka 946:Severe 785:Damage 664:S-wave 605:Nevada 601:Oregon 520:. The 470:Eureka 277:ComCat 184:Fresno 86:Eureka 6393:(5.1) 6387:(5.4) 6381:(5.6) 6375:(5.0) 6369:(5.6) 6363:(5.7) 6357:(5.9) 6351:(5.9) 6345:(5.8) 6339:(5.7) 6333:(5.8) 6321:(5.7) 6302:(6.4) 6296:(6.4) 6290:(6.0) 6284:(6.5) 6278:(6.6) 6272:(6.7) 6266:(6.5) 6260:(6.2) 6254:(6.9) 6242:(6.2) 6236:(6.0) 6230:(6.2) 6224:(6.2) 6218:(6.4) 6206:(6.6) 6200:(6.4) 6194:(6.9) 6188:(6.4) 6182:(6.4) 6176:(6.8) 6170:(6.7) 6158:(6.7) 6129:Large 6121:(7.1) 6115:(7.2) 6109:(7.1) 6103:(7.3) 6097:(7.2) 6091:(7.3) 6085:(7.3) 6079:(7.3) 6073:(7.0) 6067:(7.8) 6049:(7.9) 5692:Samos 5122:S2CID 5100:(4), 4734:(PDF) 4723:(PDF) 4073:: 1. 3858:(PDF) 3613:(PDF) 3593:(PDF) 3403:(PDF) 3259:S2CID 3078:(PDF) 2705:(PDF) 2694:S2CID 2666:(PDF) 2573:(PDF) 2328:S2CID 2223:Notes 2088:, in 2042:, by 1854:, at 1454:(now 1119:Fires 1068:Indio 1034:Light 1020:Chico 632:Olema 530:fault 368:Fault 323:Depth 270:USGS- 226:Indio 114:Chico 5902:1909 5880:1908 5831:1907 5761:1906 5718:1905 5698:Oslo 5669:1904 5614:1902 5583:1901 5564:1900 5511:The 5325:2009 5306:2009 5287:2009 5274:ISBN 5243:2009 5224:2009 5205:2009 5186:2009 5145:ISBN 5028:2009 5006:2009 4984:2009 4965:2009 4935:2009 4913:2009 4891:2009 4869:2009 4799:OCLC 4742:2009 4605:2009 4493:2009 4444:2010 4422:2014 4400:2008 4367:2014 4149:The 4122:2015 4030:2024 3961:help 3925:2015 3895:2023 3870:2023 3835:ISBN 3785:2011 3772:ISBN 3748:2011 3632:2024 3569:2009 3542:2008 3513:2006 3344:ISBN 3323:2023 3315:Blog 3296:2023 3270:2023 3224:2023 3199:2023 3171:2023 3146:2023 3118:2023 3093:2023 3086:.edu 3061:2023 3024:2023 2996:2014 2966:ISSN 2920:2008 2822:2009 2780:ISBN 2713:2020 2641:2009 2320:PMID 1802:USGS 1732:and 1688:and 1525:The 1141:The 1093:West 1056:Weak 839:and 828:and 500:The 411:Max. 378:Type 312:7.9 272:ANSS 5389:at 5114:doi 4075:doi 3447:doi 3251:doi 2958:doi 2686:doi 2593:doi 2539:doi 2527:159 2462:doi 2383:doi 2312:doi 2300:250 1690:fir 1573:to 1500:'s 1331:at 867:MMI 434:Yes 258:ISC 247:UTC 7198:: 5914:†‡ 5892:†‡ 5861:†‡ 5806:†‡ 5730:†‡ 5461:– 5446:– 5429:– 5420:– 5407:– 5398:– 5252:. 5139:, 5120:, 5112:, 5098:83 5096:, 5092:, 5084:; 5080:; 5076:; 4945:; 4829:. 4725:. 4701:. 4681:. 4661:. 4641:. 4621:. 4591:. 4573:. 4569:. 4565:. 4546:. 4528:. 4510:. 4483:. 4479:. 4390:. 4384:. 4339:. 4285:. 4171:^ 4112:. 4087:^ 4071:65 4069:. 4021:. 3952:: 3950:}} 3946:{{ 3915:. 3886:. 3860:. 3814:. 3739:. 3615:. 3595:. 3521:^ 3485:. 3467:. 3443:12 3441:. 3384:. 3313:. 3286:. 3257:. 3247:37 3245:. 3241:. 3215:. 3187:. 3162:. 3134:. 3109:. 3080:. 3049:. 3013:. 2964:. 2956:. 2946:22 2944:. 2940:. 2922:. 2910:. 2892:. 2874:. 2843:25 2732:. 2721:^ 2692:. 2684:. 2674:93 2672:. 2668:. 2649:^ 2613:. 2591:. 2581:98 2579:. 2575:. 2537:. 2525:. 2460:. 2450:80 2448:. 2436:^ 2408:, 2394:^ 2381:, 2371:27 2369:, 2326:, 2318:, 2310:, 2298:, 2292:, 2280:^ 2270:. 2257:^ 2241:. 2230:^ 2076:, 2000:, 1974:, 1970:, 1966:, 1958:, 1950:, 1946:, 1866:. 1779:. 1716:A 1622:. 1606:. 1598:, 1485:. 1371:. 1066:, 1044:, 1022:, 1000:, 978:, 956:, 934:, 912:, 890:, 781:. 623:. 607:. 6426:e 6419:t 6412:v 6005:e 5998:t 5991:v 5972:‡ 5967:† 5950:† 5941:† 5932:† 5923:† 5870:† 5852:† 5843:† 5821:† 5791:† 5782:† 5773:† 5751:† 5708:† 5681:† 5659:† 5656:‡ 5647:† 5644:‡ 5635:† 5626:† 5550:e 5543:t 5536:v 5327:. 5308:. 5289:. 5245:. 5226:. 5207:. 5188:. 5116:: 5108:: 5068:. 5049:. 5030:. 5008:. 4986:. 4967:. 4937:. 4915:. 4893:. 4871:. 4833:. 4744:. 4607:. 4532:. 4514:. 4495:. 4446:. 4424:. 4402:. 4369:. 4325:. 4180:" 4124:. 4081:. 4077:: 4032:. 3963:) 3959:( 3927:. 3897:. 3872:. 3843:. 3818:. 3787:. 3750:. 3634:. 3619:. 3599:. 3571:. 3544:. 3515:. 3471:. 3453:. 3449:: 3405:. 3388:. 3370:. 3325:. 3298:. 3272:. 3253:: 3226:. 3201:. 3173:. 3148:. 3120:. 3095:. 3063:. 3026:. 2998:. 2972:. 2960:: 2952:: 2896:. 2878:. 2845:. 2824:. 2788:. 2715:. 2688:: 2680:: 2643:. 2599:. 2595:: 2587:: 2545:. 2541:: 2533:: 2468:. 2464:: 2456:: 2385:: 2377:: 2314:: 2306:: 2274:. 2120:. 1723:. 1301:. 1058:) 1036:) 1014:) 992:) 970:) 948:) 926:) 904:) 882:) 774:I 768:I 751:I 743:I 740:M 423:) 316:w 314:M 295:) 45:. 38:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.