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composed and had posted in
Florence in 1855 a plaque honoring Salvino degli Armati as the inventor of eyeglasses. (The plaque has since been removed.) Furthermore, between 1850 and 1900, a portrait head of Salvino degli Armati with a plaque containing his epitaph was mounted in the chapel of the
89:(Historical Treatise on Eyeglasses, Invented by Salvino Armati, Florentine Gentleman). However, critics pointed out that it was impossible to reconcile a "Salvino Armati" with the known genealogy of the Armati family of Florence around 1286, the period when eyeglasses were invented.
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peccata", and most importantly, (3) that the term "inventor" did not exist in the
Florentine vernacular during the 14th century. Del Lungo also found that a "Salvino degli Armati" had died in 1340, but he had been a humble artisan who had never dealt with eyeglasses.
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In 1920, the
Italian scholar Isidoro del Lungo (1841β1927) pointed out (1) that nowhere else had a "Salvino degli Armati" been credited with being the inventor of eyeglasses, (2) that in the 14th century, the epitaph would have read
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Del
Migliore never produced this burial register, and it has never been found. Del Migliore claimed that D'Armati's tomb and its epitaph was obliterated during the church's restoration.
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The earliest mention of
Salvino degli Armati as the inventor of eyeglasses occurred in 1684. Ferdinando Leopoldo del Migliore (1628β1696) of Florence published a book,
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260:(Historical treatise on eyeglasses invented by Salvino Armati, Florentine gentleman), (Firenze (Florence), (Italy): Anton-Maria Albizzini, 1738). Chapter VII.
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in the 13th century, however it has been shown that this claim was a hoax, and that there was no member of the Armati family with that name at the time.
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62: : "Here lies Salvino, son of Armato degli Armati of Florence, inventor of eyeglasses. May God forgive his sins. A.D. 1317."
108:, an Italian physicist who specialized in optics, also published an article on the subject as did the American historian of science
56: : "Qui diace Salvino d'Armato degl'Armati di Fir., Inventor degl'occhiali. Dio gli perdoni la peccata. Anno D. MCCCXVII"
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In the twentieth century, efforts were made to expose as a hoax the claim that
Salvino degli Armati invented eyeglasses: The
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104:(1955), vol. 1, lists Salvino degli Armati together with an exposure of del Migliore's false claim. Furthermore,
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Lack of evidence did not discourage the spreading of this claim about
Salvino degli Armati. In 1738,
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Degli
Occhiali da Naso Inventati da Salvino Armati Gentiluomo Fiorentino Trattato Istorico
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Degli occhiali naso inventati da
Salvino Armati, gentiluomo fiorentino. Trattato istorico
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Instituto e Museo di Storia della
Scienza: Photo of Armati's epitaph on plaque
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and the Italian professor of ophthalmology Giuseppe Albertotti (1851β1936).
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Ronchi, Vasco (1946) "Perche non si ritrova l'inventore degli occhiale?" ,
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46:). In this book, del Migliore claimed to own a burial register of the
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Antique Spectacles: References and recommendations for further study
135:(Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: American Philosophical Society, 2007),
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Orlandini de Beccuto family of the Church of Santa Maria Maggiore.
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Ulteriori ricerche e studi intorno alla storia degli occhiali
317:, vol. 3 (Florence, (Italy): S. Giuseppe Calasanzio, 1817),
155:" (The story of a scholarly fraud (Salvino degli Armati)),
85:(1690β1788) of Florence published a book on the subject:
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Le vicende d'un'impostura erudita (Salvino degli Armati)
303:β¦ , vol. 5, (Florence, (Italy): Albizziniana, 1796),
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Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences
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Rosen, Edward (1956). "The invention of eyeglasses".
92:Again, despite the lack of evidence, the historian
290:Discorso Accademico Sull'istoria Letteraria Pisana
435:14th-century people from the Republic of Florence
430:13th-century people from the Republic of Florence
315:Prose Varie di Stanislao Canovai delle Scuole Pie
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400:Antique Spectacles: Eyeglasses through the ages
264:(On the true and first inventor of eyeglasses),
133:Renaissance Vision from Spectacles to Telescopes
386:(Rome, Italy: Tipografia delle scienze, 1925).
31:is sometimes credited with the invention of
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262:Del vero, e primo Inventore degli Occhiali
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301:Saggi istorici d'antichitΓ toscane
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425:Nonexistent people used in hoaxes
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102:Dizionario enciclopedico italiano
247:Illardi (2007), p. 15, footnote.
228:"Church of Santa Maria Maggiore"
209:Fernando Leopoldo del Migliore,
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25:Salvino D'Armato degli Armati
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151:Isidoro del Lungo (1920) "
332:Ilardi (2007), pp. 15β16.
157:Archivio Storico Italiano
292:(Pisa, (Italy): 1787),
371:Rivista di oftalmologia
373:, vol. 1, pp. 140β144.
311:Alessandro della Spina
256:Domenico Maria Manni,
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382:Giuseppe Albertotti,
355:Ilardi (2007), p. 16.
276:Ilardi (2007), p. 15.
186:10.1093/jhmas/XI.1.13
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83:Domenico Maria Manni
420:17th-century hoaxes
309:"Elogio storico di
288:Ranieri Tempesti,
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299:Lorenzo Cantini,
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60:Translation
414:Categories
266:pp. 64 ff.
116:References
33:eyeglasses
215:page 431
194:13295576
54:Original
29:Florence
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235:2010
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