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government to step in and use the newly regained control over the gangs to prevent more people from becoming gang members and replacing the present gang members who have been sent to jail. Veronica Reyna, a researcher from El
Salvador was quoted as saying “The gangs exercised control because no one else would— If the state doesn’t fill this vacuum— not just with police but education and other services— other criminal groups will step in." The state of exception is expected to continue until the March 2024 general elections, after which the anti-crime measures addressing causes like education and underdevelopment are expected. An unnamed security expert was quoted saying “They know they can’t simply fill up the jails. After the elections, they can start looking at rehabilitation and community engagement". So far the government has promised to deal with these issues with initiatives such as
998:(My New School) which aims to improve the educational situation through curriculum reform, teacher training, arrangement of quality didactic, technological, health, and nutritional facilities, as well as the remodeling of more than 5,000 schools over the next five years and CUBOs (Urban Centers) which aims to provide impoverished youths with safe spaces being launched. 1,000 schools are expected to be rebuilt until September 2023 under Mi Nueva Escuela, while 11 transparent, cube-shaped urban centers in poor communities, offering young people academic support, athletic activities, and art or language classes with access to computers, a library with cozy cushions for reading and adult supervision have already been built as of May 2023. While these initiatives have been appreciated, activists feel that more work is required as children in some areas still lack access to schools.
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gang members in visits over the years; you could often find them openly hanging out in the centre of neighbourhoods. But since the state of emergency, their presence has been greatly reduced: Maras are largely in prison, have fled, or are underground". Similarly Mary Speck has observed that the criminal gangs have "largely disappeared" from
681:, many weary of gang violence. Conversely, human rights groups expressed concern that the arrests were arbitrary and had little to do with gang violence, and several U.S. government representatives expressed concern about the violence in the country and the methods used to combat it; these comments were criticized by Salvadoran President
986:
up in the crackdown have remained a significant concern about the war against the gangs, with the families of some of those arrested in the crackdown saying that their family members were arrested on the basis of poor evidence and an advocacy group for such people called "Victims of the Regime
Movement" being founded.
969:
Domestically, the crackdown is popular. An April 2022 Gallup poll found that 91% of
Salvadorans supported the government's actions, including 78% who "very much" supported them. Many Salvadorans explained that they were weary of violence, and many Salvadorans living in the United States supported the
898:
belonging to members of gangs to prevent them from becoming "shrines", stating "terrorists will no longer be able to 'glorify' the memory of dead criminals". Despite the destruction of the gravestones, the government stated that the bodies would remain intact and not be disturbed. Bukele compared the
993:
observed that while the control asserted by the gangs in El
Salvador had indeed been greatly diminished if not destroyed, the government would still need to formulate a plan for transition out of the state of exception and figure out what to do with those arrested. It also mentioned the need for the
752:
Between 24 and 27 April 2020, a total of 77 people were murdered in El
Salvador. Bukele's government says that the spike in murders was organized by gang members within El Salvador's prisons, leading to him instituting lockdowns across the country's prisons. Prisoners were confined in their cells 24
985:
because of which vendors, shop owners, drivers and pedestrians no longer have to pay gang members and that residents of a particular blocks dominated by a gang "no longer fear violent reprisals if they cross into another gang’s territory". However, the incidents about innocent people getting caught
854:
The government deployed additional police and military forces, raiding houses and creating checkpoints surrounding neighborhoods with known gang presences. Soldiers checked everyone for identification cards and proof of address, searched their vehicles and backpacks, and refused to let anyone enter
1061:
has also styled himself as a Bukele-like political figure in his campaign aiming to fight crime with a hard hand, earning him the nickname "Ecuadorian Bukele". Although the other
Ecuadorian candidates have also talked about dealing with crime with ruthless measures as a key priority, he and former
863:
announced that more than 34,500 people had been arrested since the start of the state of emergency. Many people were unable to learn where or why relatives were detained. Rations for prisoners were reduced to two meals each day consisting of only beans and tortillas; Bukele explained that he would
980:
In general, the people living in the streets of El
Salvador consider the atmosphere in the neighborhood to be much safer, with citizens and observers saying they feel far more free to do what would have been previously considered unthinkable, with Ioan Grillo writing "I have interviewed dozens of
773:
From 25 to 27 March 2022, 87 people were murdered in El
Salvador, including 62 people on Saturday alone, the highest single-day tally in decades; by contrast, 79 people were murdered throughout the entire month of February. The victims were targeted randomly. The government blamed the violence on
858:
By the end of 27 March, Salvadoran security forces claimed to have detained 576 people; within a week, almost 6,000 people had been arrested, straining El
Salvador's already-overcrowded prisons. Nevertheless, the government pressured the police, military, and judicial system to continue the mass
1118:
criticized the government's policy as "first arrest, then tweet, and investigate later", referencing
Salvadoran police's tweets depicting people's arrests. Human rights groups have also expressed concern that the arrests have little to do with gang violence, suggesting Bukele will use them to
1109:
Human rights advocates have criticized the arrests as often arbitrary, based on a person's appearance or residence, and expressed concern that innocent people are being caught in the sweeps. Bukele claimed that only 1% of arrests would be incorrect, and Salvadoran Defense Minister
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tweeted affirming that the United States "continues to support El Salvador" against gangs while urging it to protect its citizens and their civil liberties. The next day, Bukele responded that United States' support against Salvadoran gangs had come under the
698:
For decades, El Salvador had one of the highest rates of gang-related violence in the world. In 2015, the country's homicide rate reached 103 homicides per 100,000 people–or 6,650 homicides registered that year–making it the most violent country in the
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of approximately 85%, one of the highest in the world. In December 2021, the United States government accused Bukele of negotiating a secret agreement with the gangs, reducing violence in return for financial and prison benefits. Additionally, the
1292:
843:. However, Salvadoran law enforcement was accused of violating even the expanded limits of their powers. The government also restricted the ability of judges to offer prisoners alternatives to pre-trial detention, like bail and house arrest.
685:. Politicians across Latin America—in countries such as Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Ecuador, and Peru—have implemented or have called for the implementation of security policies similar to those implemented by Bukele.
650:), began in March 2022 in response to a crime spike between 25 and 27 March 2022, when 87 people were killed in El Salvador. The Salvadoran government blamed the spike in murders on criminal gangs in the country, resulting in the country's
2574:
846:
Members of Nuevas Ideas passed new rules that increase prison sentences for convicted gang lords to forty to forty-five years (previously six to nine) and twenty to thirty years for other members (previously three to five) and reduce the
1074:
in Colombia, has also announced that he would be opening a prison in a similar style to the megaprisons run in El Salvador. Other Colombian politicians have also demanded similar security policies. On the other hand, Colombian President
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2901:
3313:"We condemn the increased gang violence and homicides in El Salvador. We also urge the Government of El Salvador to uphold due process and protect civil liberties, including freedoms of press, peaceful assembly, and expression."
1860:
3259:
1087:, where some groups have even organized parades demanding similar policies. It has also been a point of debate and curiosity in Mexico and in Chile, where crime rates have recently surged. In addition it has been supported in
3344:"The U.S. government continues to support El Salvador in its efforts to reduce the proliferation of gangs. We urge El Salvador to protect its citizens while also upholding civil liberties, including freedom of the press."
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782:
party, suggested the spike in violence was retaliation for the government's seizing control of two bus routes in the capital, which gangs often extort for revenue; according to José Miguel Cruz, a research director at
669:
announced that the government registered 496 homicides in 2022, a 56.8% decrease from 1,147 homicides in 2021. He attributed the decrease in homicides to the gang crackdown. That same month, the government opened the
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Noticias de El Salvador - Noticias de El Salvador, noticias internacionales, salvadoreños por el mundo, economia, negocios, politica, deportes, entretenimiento, tecnologia, turismo, tendencias, fotos, videos, redes
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ended in 1992, with 18 homicides per 100,000 people. Although the decline in homicides began in 2016, Bukele attributed it to his policies, and it has been one of his most-touted accomplishments. Bukele enjoys an
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where gang influence was significant, instituting lockdowns in prisons by confining prisoners to their cells and severing cell phone service in prisons, and improving the equipment and technology used by the
3026:
1284:
714:" which sought to crack down on gang violence and improve security within the country. Actions taken by the country's security forces included the increase of military and police presence in specific
851:, previously sixteen years old, to twelve. They also passed a law that threatens anyone who reproduces or disseminates messages from gangs, including news media, with ten to fifteen years in prison.
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that suspended the rights of association and legal counsel, and increased the time spent in detention without charge, among other measures that expanded the powers of law enforcement in the country.
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1114:
claimed that arrested persons found to have no links to gangs would be freed, saying that "the people need to know that if they're not involved in anything bad, nothing bad will happen to them."
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In July 2022, Bukele announced the construction of a new prison which will be able to house 40,000 prisoners, making it one of the largest prisons in the world. The prison, known as the
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sanctioned two Salvadoran officials it claimed conducted the talks. Bukele called the accusations of making a deal a "lie" and denounced previous administrations who made similar deals.
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1849:
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2006:
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2109:
1969:
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As of July 2024, 81,110 people accused of having gang affiliations have been arrested, which has overcrowded El Salvador's prisons and has led the country to have the highest
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hours per day and rival gang members were mixed together in cells. His government published photographs of inmates being rounded up on the prison floor in cramped conditions.
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Clockwise from top left: the detention of suspected gang members by the police, a police search of a house, imprisoned gang members, soldiers on patrol in the streets.
1126:"condemn" the increase in gang violence in El Salvador and "urge" the government to respect due process and civil liberties. The same day, State Department spokesman
1925:
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on 3 December 2022 when 10,000 soldiers were sent to surround the city and arrest gang members. The government erased gang graffiti from the city during the siege.
1066:
are the only candidates who have tried to imitate Bukele's image to varying degrees. Ecuador has seen a major increase in organized crime in the past two years.
3018:
1825:
1460:
2689:"Presidente Nayib Bukele lanza reforma educativa "Mi Nueva Escuela", para transformar la educaciĂłn desde la formaciĂłn docente hasta la infraestructura escolar"
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or leave without what they considered a legitimate reason. Anyone considered suspicious was forced to strip so soldiers could check for gang-related tattoos.
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In Latin America, the crackdown has attracted the attention of leaders and people from many countries with prominent Guatemalan presidential candidates
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2239:
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1366:
535:
1045:. Honduras later temporarily intensified its crackdown in June 2023 with a prison sweep after a gang massacre inside a prison. Mexican president
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1222:
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1998:
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1961:
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1135:, citing the withdrawal of American aid from the National Civil Police and Institute for Access to Public Information four months into the
2134:
2065:
1525:
950:
3481:
2863:"LĂłpez Obrador critica la polĂtica de mano dura en seguridad de Bukele en El Salvador: "Hay autoritarismo y no respetan las libertades""
2165:
1287:[President Nayib Bukele Orders to Strengthen the War Against Gangs and Announces Increased Police Presence in the Territories].
1285:"Presidente Nayib Bukele Ordena Fortalecer Guerra Contra las Pandillas y Anuncia el Incremento de Presencia Policial en los Territorios"
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in the world by 2023. As of 16 May 2023, 5,000 people who were arrested have been released. In January 2023, Minister of Defense
2396:
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has expressed interest in using the "Bukele model" to tackle crime in Argentina, following an offer to cooperate from Bukele.
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556:
3049:
351:
3486:
1034:
551:
525:
1917:
860:
820:
720:
651:
157:
1009:, Honduran Security Minister RamĂłn SibbilĂłn, and Costa Rican security minister Jorge Torres applauding it. In Peru, the
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themselves. He also stated that the government policy is only aimed at gravestones that mention gang affiliation.
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827:. The order, which was initially set to last thirty days but has been extended 29 times, suspended the rights of
807:
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346:
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criticized the crackdown, drawing rebuke from Bukele. The crackdown has been extremely popular in neighboring
3511:
2370:
1030:
864:"not take budget away from schools to feed these terrorists". Prisoners have also been denied mattresses and
859:
arrests by setting arrest quotas. After one month, more than 17,000 people had been arrested; on 25 May, the
715:
593:
581:
1091:, where a recent poll has showed that more than half of the population would support similar strategies and
3501:
3496:
954:
872:
671:
518:
373:
3252:"Bukele tiene un mensaje para Biden: 'SĂ recibimos apoyo de EU para combatir pandillas... pero con Trump'"
2604:
1785:
1018:
3471:
3466:
3400:
1132:
2894:"Jan Topic, the millionaire businessman vying to emulate Bukele in Ecuador to the sound of 'Top Gun'"
1223:"At Least 261 People Have Died in El Salvador's Prisons Under Anti-Gang Crackdown, Rights Group Says"
839:
from three days to fifteen, and permitted the government to monitor citizens' communications without
974:
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812:
711:
508:
445:
39:
2984:
2201:
1566:
1400:
3174:"Patricia Bullrich: 'We'd like to adapt the Bukele model' to Argentina | Buenos Aires Times"
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1136:
1042:
904:
461:
237:
20:
2460:"Many Salvadorans in U.S. Support Country's President Amid Massive Crackdown, Abuse Allegations"
925:
The state of exception has been extended for 30 days fifteen times by the Legislative Assembly.
3414:
1515:
942:
758:
491:
1344:"Ministro de Seguridad confirma liberación de 5 mil detenidos durante el régimen de excepción"
1014:
3521:
1022:
800:
787:, the gangs may have been sending a message to the government to try to obtain better terms.
703:. By 2018, the homicide rate decreased to 52 homicides per 100,000 people (3,340 homicides).
437:
341:
51:
1111:
1095:, where the right wing has been demanding similar crackdowns. Argentinian Security Minister
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8:
3343:
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2338:
19:"RĂ©gimen de ExcepciĂłn" redirects here. For the Honduran crackdown of the same name, see
3426:
3115:
2307:
1960:
Avelar, Bryan; Lakhani, Nina (5 April 2022). Written at San Salvador and Santa Tecla.
1820:
1781:"El Salvador Government Protection of MS-13 from Extradition Emerges in DOJ Indictment"
1721:
1443:"Inside the Growing Cult of El Salvador's Nayib Bukele, Latin America's Political Star"
1170:
1115:
1063:
915:
824:
754:
700:
662:
655:
638:
576:
3312:
429:
3080:"Al estilo de Nayib Bukele, alcalde Daniel Quintero anuncia nueva cárcel en MedellĂn"
2831:
2726:
2627:
1447:
1401:"Inside El Salvador's Mega Prison: The Jail Giving Inmates Less Space than Livestock"
1139:, and saying that the United States now only supported the civil liberties of gangs.
1096:
1037:
had promised similar policies. Honduras, under the leadership of left wing president
257:
2658:"Irreconocible: liberan a lanchero tras un año detenido por el régimen de excepción"
710:
made combatting gang violence a priority for his administration, and announced his "
3409:
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1609:
1227:
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775:
633:
241:
129:
882:
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2207:
1572:
1406:
1067:
1050:
836:
724:
152:
1918:"Hundreds Arrested in El Salvador, Raising Fears of a Civil Liberties Crackdown"
894:, the minister of justice, announced that the government would begin destroying
3506:
2569:
1520:
1123:
1038:
900:
840:
213:
393:
3460:
3383:
3379:"GameChangers 2022: El Salvador's Gang Crackdown Has Steep Human Rights Cost"
2835:
2730:
2631:
1488:
1076:
1010:
1006:
868:, and Bukele ordered that all gang members be confined to their cells 24/7.
290:
2397:
PoblaciĂłn de acuerdo con medidas tomadas por el gobierno contra pandilleros
2303:
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982:
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707:
682:
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200:
43:
2310:[Why do we destroy the headstones of the tombs of gang members?] (
2240:"El Salvador Opens 40,000-Person Prison as Arrests Soar in Gang Crackdown"
2238:
Renteria, Nelson; Kinosian, Sarah (1 February 2023). Maler, Sandra (ed.).
1058:
1002:
835:, increased the amount of time that persons may be detained without being
2719:"El Salvador's authoritarian president is becoming a regional role model"
2529:"As El Salvador's Gang Crackdown Continues, Citizens Wonder What's Next?"
2196:
1561:
1452:
1411:
891:
678:
625:
496:
146:
83:
3445:
2032:[The Assembly Extends the State of Exception for th 29th Time].
1749:"US accuses El Salvador of secretly negotiating truce with gang leaders"
1567:"El Salvador's Gang Crackdown Prompts Fears of Growing Authoritarianism"
1071:
1962:"El Salvador reels as 6,000 people arrested in unprecedented crackdown"
1880:"El Salvador locks down prisons after wave of 87 killings over weekend"
971:
895:
865:
3019:"Nayib Bukele replaces Uribe as inspiration for the right in Colombia"
2824:"Honduras starts El Salvador-style crackdown on gangs after massacres"
1367:"El Salvador Murders Plummet by Over Half in 2022 Amid Gang Crackdown"
2276:
2202:"El Salvador Builds 40,000-Inmate Mega-Prison in "War Against Gangs""
1127:
1084:
919:
2954:"Jan Topic, el candidato que ofrece "mano dura" al estilo de Bukele"
730:
In 2021, the homicide rate reached the lowest it has been since the
2464:
2308:"¿Por qué destruimos las lápidas en las tumbas de los pandilleros?"
1642:"UN Rights Office Raises Concerns About El Salvador Gang Crackdown"
1106:
circles have also talked about the crackdown in a positive manner.
1092:
1080:
876:
2758:"Bukele's 'Cool Authoritarian' Model Makes for a Dangerous Export"
2339:"El Salvador: Thousands of Troops Surround City in Gang Crackdown"
16:
Ongoing large-scale arrests of alleged gang members in El Salvador
3359:
3328:
2620:"The Rise of Nayib Bukele, El Salvador's Authoritarian President"
2323:
2244:
1371:
1088:
2924:"Jan Topic, el "Bukele ecuatoriano" que aspira a la presidencia"
2066:"Pressure to make arrests as El Salvador extends gang crackdown"
1850:"Photos Show El Salvador's Crackdown on Imprisoned Gang Members"
1315:"El Salvador Is Imprisoning People at Triple the Rate of the US"
2212:
2166:"Surge in gang killings spurs fear, uncertainty in El Salvador"
1577:
1456:
1415:
908:
778:(MS-13). William Eulises Soriano Herrera, a member of Bukele's
2596:
2565:"El Salvador Decimated It's ruthless gangs. But at what cost?"
2135:"El Salvador extends state of emergency to curb gang violence"
1847:
Sheridan, Mary Beth; Brigida, Anna-Catherine (27 April 2020).
1717:"Explosion of Gang Violence Grips El Salvador, Setting Record"
2492:"Salvadoran Archbishop Praises Government Crackdown on Gangs"
1999:"El Salvador declares state of emergency after gang killings"
1686:"El Salvador forces encircle neighborhoods in gang crackdown"
1026:
124:
2429:"El Salvador extends state of emergency amid gang crackdown"
819:
During an extraordinary session early on 27 March 2022, the
3282:"El Salvador anti-gang measures 'a success' as 17,000 held"
2102:"El Salvador extends anti-gang emergency for another month"
2030:"Asamblea Extiende por 29ÂŞ OcasiĂłn el RĂ©gimen de ExcepciĂłn"
71:(2 years, 5 months, 3 weeks and 5 days)
3144:"The Bukelization of Mexico:The Influence of Nayib Bukele"
2985:"Drug wars threaten Ecuador's stability ahead of election"
2343:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1257:[What is the Regime of Exception – El Salvador].
3111:"On Security, Bukele and Petro Have a Problem in Common"
2794:"Nayib Bukele's Growing List of Latin American Admirers"
1955:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1943:
977:
voiced his open support for the crackdown in July 2022.
674:(CECOT), a prison with a capacity for 40,000 prisoners.
1984:
1741:
3398:
1940:
1874:
1872:
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have also expressed their views about the crackdown.
1605:"Explainer: Nayib Bukele's Territorial Control Plan"
1217:
1215:
1213:
1146:
1041:, has also launched its own, smaller crackdown, the
1200:"The War on Drugs in El Salvador: A Success Story?"
677:Domestically, the crackdown has been popular among
3084:Semana.com Ăšltimas Noticias de Colombia y el Mundo
2563:Kitroeff, Natalie; Volpe, Daniele (9 April 2023).
2200:
2129:
2127:
1867:
1848:
1565:
1399:
3517:Operations against organized crime in El Salvador
1916:Abi-Habib, Maria; Avelar, Bryan (28 March 2022).
1816:"El Salvador: Inhumane Prison Lockdown Treatment"
1715:Abi-Habib, Maria; Avelar, Bryan (27 March 2022).
1210:
1102:Conservatives, including those belonging to U.S.
3458:
3189:"Meet the MAGA movement's new favorite autocrat"
2371:"Eliminan grafitis en el municipio de Soyapango"
2272:"El Salvador Destroys Gang Members' Gravestones"
2237:
2095:
2093:
2091:
1122:In a tweet on 10 April, U.S. Secretary of State
945:consistently vote for the extensions, while the
3376:
2421:
2402:(Report) (in Spanish). CID Gallup. April 2022.
2124:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2053:
1915:
1846:
1714:
1398:Murray, Christine; Smith, Alan (6 March 2023).
757:(HRW) criticized the government's actions as a
1708:
1560:Murray, Christine (5 April 2022). Written at
1255:"Qué es un Régimen de Excepción – El Salvador"
1025:to patrol the streets of Lima, including with
747:
2562:
2458:Sesin, Carmen; Flores, Edwin (29 July 2022).
2088:
1959:
899:removal of the tombstones of gang members to
601:
320:
306:
3274:
3047:
3016:
2050:
1516:"Victims of Intentional Homicide, 1990–2018"
693:
2457:
2195:Agren, David (23 August 2022). Written at
1397:
1017:has praised the policies and called on the
3377:Papadovssilakis, Alex (26 December 2022).
3142:Ramirez, Christopher (16 September 2022).
2693:Presidencia de la RepĂşblica de El Salvador
1911:
1909:
1907:
1905:
706:In June 2019, newly inaugurated President
608:
594:
313:
299:
3186:
2860:
2157:
1602:
1440:
951:Farabundo MartĂ National Liberation Front
768:
761:and that it gave no consideration to the
2787:
2785:
2783:
2755:
1484:"InSight Crime's 2015 Homicide Round-up"
1364:
1197:
881:
806:
794:
742:United States Department of the Treasury
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3141:
3012:
3010:
2982:
2791:
2617:
2558:
2556:
2484:
2163:
2063:
1902:
790:
3459:
3219:"Nayib Bukele Is No Conservative Hero"
2618:Blitzer, Jonathan (5 September 2022).
2523:
2521:
2519:
2336:
2302:
2264:
2027:
1810:
1808:
1683:
1559:
1555:
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1475:
1119:consolidate power and target critics.
3341:
3246:
3244:
3108:
2891:
2780:
2351:from the original on 12 December 2022
2194:
1793:from the original on 27 December 2023
1761:from the original on 27 December 2023
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1673:
1671:
1669:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1603:Nagovitch, Paola (13 February 2020).
1508:
1481:
1265:from the original on 7 September 2023
1198:Alpeyrie, Jonathan (10 August 2023).
294:
3050:"The Colombian 'Bukeles' want power"
3017:Santaeulalia, Inés (21 March 2023).
3007:
2960:(in Mexican Spanish). 16 June 2023.
2861:Maldonado, Carlos S. (29 May 2023).
2749:
2553:
2377:from the original on 26 January 2023
2284:from the original on 3 November 2022
2252:from the original on 1 February 2023
2219:from the original on 10 January 2023
1338:
1336:
1035:2022 Colombian presidential election
1013:and right-wing presidential hopeful
3109:Rojas, Juan David (23 March 2023).
2589:
2516:
2504:from the original on 23 August 2022
2451:
2330:
2188:
2164:Brigida, Anna-Cat (28 March 2022).
1886:. Associated Press. 28 March 2022.
1863:from the original on 28 April 2020.
1840:
1805:
1617:from the original on 23 August 2022
1540:
1391:
1379:from the original on 3 January 2023
1365:Renteria, Nelson (3 January 2023).
907:and also compared the gangs to the
94:Spike in murders in late-March 2022
13:
3482:Human rights abuses in El Salvador
3370:
3311:Blinken, Antony (10 April 2022).
3241:
3154:from the original on 2 August 2023
3123:from the original on 1 August 2023
3090:from the original on 21 March 2023
3048:Santaeulalia, Inés (17 May 2023).
2995:from the original on 2 August 2023
2964:from the original on 2 August 2023
2934:from the original on 2 August 2023
2904:from the original on 2 August 2023
2873:from the original on 1 August 2023
2842:from the original on 1 August 2023
2830:. Associated Press. 27 June 2023.
2792:Freeman, Will (16 February 2023).
2737:from the original on 20 March 2023
2607:from the original on 7 March 2023.
2577:from the original on 13 April 2023
2145:from the original on 25 April 2022
1828:from the original on 29 April 2020
1666:
1629:
1596:
1528:from the original on 28 March 2022
1277:
1247:
961:(V) consistently vote against it.
14:
3533:
3199:from the original on 8 April 2023
3060:from the original on 14 June 2023
3029:from the original on 14 June 2023
2768:from the original on 13 June 2023
2472:from the original on 31 July 2022
2176:from the original on 5 April 2022
2064:Brigida, Anna-Cat (26 May 2022).
2028:Campos, Gabriel (8 August 2024).
2009:from the original on 5 April 2022
1972:from the original on 5 April 2022
1928:from the original on 6 April 2022
1890:from the original on 5 April 2022
1729:from the original on 4 April 2022
1696:from the original on 6 April 2022
1654:from the original on 5 April 2022
1584:from the original on 6 April 2022
1496:from the original on 14 June 2022
1463:from the original on 25 July 2023
1422:from the original on 7 March 2023
1354:from the original on 21 May 2023.
1333:
1295:from the original on 4 April 2023
931:Grand Alliance for National Unity
3477:March 2022 events in El Salvador
3444:
3432:
3420:
3408:
3292:from the original on 27 May 2022
3262:from the original on 4 July 2022
3229:from the original on 20 May 2023
3187:Beauchamp, Zack (8 April 2023).
2892:Mella, Carolina (19 June 2023).
2804:from the original on 2 June 2023
2756:Bosworth, James (6 March 2023).
2699:from the original on 17 May 2023
2695:(in Spanish). 8 September 2022.
2669:from the original on 16 May 2023
2638:from the original on 16 May 2023
2541:from the original on 16 May 2023
2534:United States Institute of Peace
2439:from the original on 28 May 2022
2409:from the original on 30 May 2022
2337:Murphy, Matt (4 December 2022).
2112:from the original on 28 May 2022
2076:from the original on 27 May 2022
1684:Alemán, Marcos (29 March 2022).
1482:Gagne, David (14 January 2016).
1441:Linthicum, Kate (25 July 2023).
1163:
1149:
1055:2023 Ecuadorian general election
991:United States Institute of Peace
785:Florida International University
575:
568:
392:
251:
231:
219:
207:
193:
140:
50:
3335:
3304:
3211:
3180:
3166:
3135:
3102:
3072:
3041:
2976:
2946:
2916:
2885:
2854:
2816:
2711:
2681:
2650:
2611:
2389:
2363:
2296:
2231:
2021:
947:Nationalist Republican Alliance
821:Salvadoran Legislative Assembly
2108:. New York City. 25 May 2022.
1434:
1358:
1307:
1191:
849:age of criminal responsibility
737:extremely high approval rating
1:
3342:Price, Ned (10 April 2022).
3258:(in Spanish). 12 April 2022.
3086:(in Spanish). 17 March 2023.
1261:(in Spanish). 27 April 2022.
1184:
879:, opened on 31 January 2023.
688:
2983:Daniels, Joe (26 May 2023).
1291:(in Spanish). 28 June 2022.
964:
886:Soldiers and police officers
873:Terrorism Confinement Center
672:Terrorism Confinement Center
374:Terrorism Confinement Center
7:
3487:Human rights in El Salvador
1350:(in Spanish). 16 May 2023.
1235:, El Salvador. 10 July 2024
1142:
1047:Andrés Manuel López Obrador
914:The government initiated a
748:April 2020 prison crackdown
644:guerra contra las pandillas
36:Guerra Contra las Pandillas
10:
3538:
1049:and Ecuadorian President
935:Christian Democratic Party
182:Non-centralized leadership
18:
3492:Organized crime conflicts
2100:Written at San Salvador.
1289:Government of El Salvador
1019:Peruvian Defense Ministry
759:violation of human rights
694:Historical homicide rates
622:Salvadoran gang crackdown
332:
324:Salvadoran gang crackdown
281:
273:
268:
175:
170:
113:
108:
98:
90:
78:
61:
49:
35:
31:Salvadoran gang crackdown
30:
1033:, who narrowly lost the
1031:Rodolfo Hernández Suárez
939:National Coalition Party
712:Territorial Control Plan
509:Territorial Control Plan
446:President of El Salvador
401:This article is part of
285:81,110 (as of July 2024)
40:Territorial Control Plan
1179:Honduran gang crackdown
1043:Honduran gang crackdown
943:independent politicians
905:Allied-occupied Germany
68:27 March 2022 – present
21:Honduran gang crackdown
2869:(in Mexican Spanish).
975:José Luis Escobar Alas
970:crackdown. Salvadoran
887:
816:
804:
769:March 2022 crime spike
526:War against corruption
277:261+ (as of July 2024)
2762:World Politics Review
1023:Peruvian Armed Forces
885:
861:National Civil Police
815:during the crackdown.
810:
803:during the crackdown.
798:
721:National Civil Police
438:Mayor of San Salvador
357:Southern Chalatenango
158:National Civil Police
147:Salvadoran government
3512:Gangs in El Salvador
2306:(10 November 2022).
1789:. 28 February 2023.
1204:Geopolitical Monitor
1137:Biden administration
1133:Trump administration
890:On 3 November 2022,
825:"state of exception"
791:Government crackdown
732:Salvadoran Civil War
630:régimen de excepción
3502:2023 in El Salvador
3497:2022 in El Salvador
3148:Latin American Post
2373:. 25 January 2023.
2280:. 3 November 2022.
1856:The Washington Post
1757:. 8 December 2021.
1321:. 12 September 2023
1015:Rafael LĂłpez Aliaga
799:A police patrol in
536:International trips
3116:Americas Quarterly
2798:Americas Quarterly
1922:The New York Times
1821:Human Rights Watch
1722:The New York Times
1171:El Salvador portal
1116:Human Rights Watch
1112:René Merino Monroy
1064:Otto Sonnenholzner
888:
817:
811:An army patrol in
805:
755:Human Rights Watch
701:Western Hemisphere
667:René Merino Monroy
663:incarceration rate
656:state of emergency
639:state of exception
226:René Merino Monroy
3472:Conflicts in 2023
3467:Conflicts in 2022
3288:. 26 April 2022.
3225:. 10 March 2023.
2141:. 25 April 2022.
2035:La Prensa Gráfica
2005:. 28 March 2022.
1824:. 29 April 2020.
1448:Los Angeles Times
1348:La Prensa Gráfica
1097:Patricia Bullrich
941:(PCN), and three
763:COVID-19 pandemic
648:war against gangs
624:, referred to in
618:
617:
514:War against gangs
487:COVID-19 pandemic
471:Political crises
424:Political offices
418:
417:
382:
381:
289:
288:
258:Gustavo Villatoro
166:
165:
3529:
3449:
3448:
3437:
3436:
3435:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3413:
3412:
3404:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3364:
3363:
3357:
3355:
3339:
3333:
3332:
3326:
3324:
3308:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3248:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3215:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3184:
3178:
3177:
3170:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3159:
3139:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3106:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3076:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3045:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3014:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2930:. 27 June 2023.
2920:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2878:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2820:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2789:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2603:. 31 July 2022.
2593:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2560:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2525:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2500:. 31 July 2022.
2497:Associated Press
2488:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2425:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2408:
2401:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2321:
2319:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2204:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2131:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2106:Associated Press
2097:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2061:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2014:
1995:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1957:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1913:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1876:
1865:
1864:
1852:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1812:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1692:. San Salvador.
1690:Associated Press
1681:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1650:. 5 April 2022.
1638:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1610:Americas Society
1600:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1569:
1557:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1403:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1340:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1259:Alianza Americas
1251:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1228:Associated Press
1219:
1208:
1207:
1195:
1173:
1168:
1167:
1166:
1159:
1154:
1153:
1152:
1104:Republican Party
996:Mi Nueva Escuela
892:Osiris Luna Meza
776:Mara Salvatrucha
610:
603:
596:
579:
572:
450:
442:
434:
414:
413:
411:
404:
396:
389:
388:
385:
384:
347:Nueva ConcepciĂłn
327:
325:
315:
308:
301:
292:
291:
256:
255:
254:
246:
238:Mauricio Arriaza
236:
235:
234:
224:
223:
222:
212:
211:
210:
198:
197:
196:
145:
144:
143:
125:Mara Salvatrucha
115:
114:
54:
28:
27:
3537:
3536:
3532:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3457:
3456:
3455:
3443:
3433:
3431:
3421:
3419:
3415:Central America
3407:
3399:
3389:
3387:
3373:
3371:Further reading
3368:
3367:
3353:
3351:
3340:
3336:
3322:
3320:
3309:
3305:
3295:
3293:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3265:
3263:
3250:
3249:
3242:
3232:
3230:
3223:National Review
3217:
3216:
3212:
3202:
3200:
3185:
3181:
3172:
3171:
3167:
3157:
3155:
3140:
3136:
3126:
3124:
3107:
3103:
3093:
3091:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3063:
3061:
3054:EL PAĂŤS English
3046:
3042:
3032:
3030:
3023:EL PAĂŤS English
3015:
3008:
2998:
2996:
2989:Financial Times
2981:
2977:
2967:
2965:
2952:
2951:
2947:
2937:
2935:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2907:
2905:
2898:EL PAĂŤS English
2890:
2886:
2876:
2874:
2859:
2855:
2845:
2843:
2822:
2821:
2817:
2807:
2805:
2790:
2781:
2771:
2769:
2754:
2750:
2740:
2738:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2702:
2700:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2672:
2670:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2641:
2639:
2616:
2612:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2580:
2578:
2561:
2554:
2544:
2542:
2527:
2526:
2517:
2507:
2505:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2475:
2473:
2456:
2452:
2442:
2440:
2435:. 26 May 2022.
2427:
2426:
2422:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2399:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2380:
2378:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2354:
2352:
2335:
2331:
2317:
2315:
2301:
2297:
2287:
2285:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2255:
2253:
2236:
2232:
2222:
2220:
2208:Financial Times
2193:
2189:
2179:
2177:
2162:
2158:
2148:
2146:
2133:
2132:
2125:
2115:
2113:
2099:
2098:
2089:
2079:
2077:
2062:
2051:
2041:
2039:
2026:
2022:
2012:
2010:
1997:
1996:
1985:
1975:
1973:
1958:
1941:
1931:
1929:
1914:
1903:
1893:
1891:
1878:
1877:
1868:
1845:
1841:
1831:
1829:
1814:
1813:
1806:
1796:
1794:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1764:
1762:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1732:
1730:
1713:
1709:
1699:
1697:
1682:
1667:
1657:
1655:
1640:
1639:
1630:
1620:
1618:
1601:
1597:
1587:
1585:
1573:Financial Times
1558:
1541:
1531:
1529:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1499:
1497:
1480:
1476:
1466:
1464:
1439:
1435:
1425:
1423:
1407:Financial Times
1396:
1392:
1382:
1380:
1363:
1359:
1342:
1341:
1334:
1324:
1322:
1313:
1312:
1308:
1298:
1296:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1268:
1266:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1238:
1236:
1221:
1220:
1211:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1169:
1164:
1162:
1155:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1070:, the mayor of
1068:Daniel Quintero
1062:Vice President
1051:Guillermo Lasso
967:
918:of the city of
875:and located in
793:
771:
750:
725:Salvadoran Army
696:
691:
614:
573:
566:
543:
540:
531:Opinion polling
468:
456:
453:
448:
440:
432:
430:Nuevo Cuscatlán
425:
409:
407:
406:
405:
402:
400:
383:
378:
369:Opinion polling
328:
323:
321:
319:
264:
263:
262:
252:
250:
242:
232:
230:
220:
218:
208:
206:
194:
192:
187:
186:
162:
153:Salvadoran Army
141:
139:
134:
120:Criminal gangs
86:
74:
57:
37:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3535:
3525:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3454:
3453:
3441:
3429:
3417:
3397:
3396:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3334:
3303:
3273:
3240:
3210:
3179:
3165:
3134:
3101:
3071:
3040:
3006:
2975:
2945:
2915:
2900:(in Spanish).
2884:
2867:El PaĂs MĂ©xico
2853:
2815:
2779:
2748:
2710:
2680:
2649:
2624:The New Yorker
2610:
2588:
2570:New York Times
2552:
2515:
2483:
2450:
2420:
2388:
2362:
2329:
2314:) (in Spanish)
2304:Bukele, Nayib
2295:
2263:
2230:
2187:
2156:
2123:
2087:
2049:
2020:
1983:
1939:
1901:
1866:
1839:
1804:
1772:
1740:
1707:
1665:
1628:
1595:
1539:
1521:United Nations
1507:
1474:
1433:
1390:
1357:
1332:
1306:
1276:
1246:
1209:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1160:
1144:
1141:
1124:Antony Blinken
1039:Xiomara Castro
966:
963:
955:Nuestro Tiempo
901:denazification
792:
789:
770:
767:
749:
746:
723:(PNC) and the
716:municipalities
695:
692:
690:
687:
616:
615:
613:
612:
605:
598:
590:
587:
586:
567:
565:
564:
559:
554:
549:
541:
539:
538:
533:
528:
523:
522:
521:
516:
506:
505:
504:
499:
489:
484:
483:
482:
477:
454:
452:
451:
449:(2019–present)
443:
435:
423:
420:
419:
416:
415:
403:a series about
399:
397:
380:
379:
377:
376:
371:
365:
364:
360:
359:
354:
349:
344:
338:
337:
333:
330:
329:
318:
317:
310:
303:
295:
287:
286:
283:
279:
278:
275:
271:
270:
266:
265:
261:
260:
248:
228:
216:
214:Ernesto Castro
204:
189:
188:
185:
184:
178:
177:
176:
173:
172:
168:
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