415:
392:
2499:
2476:
314:
289:
4659:
1806:
4539:
4704:
4689:
4674:
673:
666:
4629:
4599:
4584:
4554:
4614:
421:
320:
2588:(FDA) has approved the use of four alpha-1 antitrypsin products derived from a human plasma: Prolastin, Zemaira, Glassia, and Aralast. These products for intravenous augmentation A1AT therapy can cost up to $ 100,000 per year per patient. They are administered intravenously at a dose of 60 mg/kg once a week; higher doses do not provide additional benefit although they can be used in anticipation of an interruption of weekly administration, such as for a vacation.
4509:
4524:
4644:
42:
4494:
4569:
6160:
3688:
2592:(null, null), PiSZ). People are to be under optimal pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatment and show evidence of progressive lung disease (e.g. lower forced expiratory volume per second (FEV1) predicted, impaired walking capacity or increased number of exacerbations) as evaluated by a healthcare professional experienced in the treatment of alpha1-proteinase inhibitor deficiency.
1843:-antitrypsin (382 in the pre-processed form containing the 24 amino acid signal peptide), a residue essential for binding elastase; this is thought to be one of the primary mechanisms by which cigarette smoking (or second-hand smoke) can lead to emphysema. Because A1AT is expressed in the liver, certain mutations in the
2598:
Aerosolized-augmented A1AT therapy is under study. This involves inhaling purified human A1AT into the lungs and trapping the A1AT into the lower respiratory tract. However, inhaled A1AT may not reach the elastin fibers in the lung where elastase injury occurs. Further study is currently underway.
2591:
Alpha1-proteinase inhibitor (Respreeza) was approved for medical use in the
European Union in August 2015. It is indicated for maintenance treatment, to slow the progression of emphysema in adults with documented severe alpha1-proteinase inhibitor deficiency (e.g., genotypes PiZZ, PiZ (null), Pi
1463:
A1AT not only binds to neutrophil elastase from inflammatory cells but also to elastase on the cell surface. In this latter role, elastase acts as a signaling molecule for cell movement, rather than as an enzyme. Besides liver cells, A1PI is also produced in bone marrow, lymphoid tissue, and the
1765:
Besides limiting elastase activity to limit tissue degradation, A1PI also acts to induce locomotion of lymphocytes through tissue including immature T cells through the thymus where immature T cells mature to become immunocompetent T cells that are released into tissue to elevate immune
1467:
Inactivation of A1AT by other enzymes during inflammation or infection can halt T cell migration precisely at the site of the pathological insult. This suggests that α1PI plays a key role in lymphocyte movement and immune surveillance, particularly in response to infection. A1AT is both
68:
1917:. This suggests that A1AT may play an anti-inflammatory or tissue-protecting role outside the lungs. These antibodies are associated with a more severe disease course, can be observed years before disease onset, and may predict the development of RA in
1980:, as it migrates toward the center of such an IEF gel. Other variants are less functional and are termed A-L and N-Z, dependent on whether they run proximal or distal to the M band. The presence of deviant bands on IEF can signify the presence of
3160:
Verheul MK, Yee A, Seaman A, Janssen GM, van Veelen PA, Drijfhout JW, et al. (June 2017). "Identification of carbamylated alpha 1 anti-trypsin (A1AT) as an antigenic target of anti-CarP antibodies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis".
428:
327:
1984:. Since the number of identified mutations has exceeded the number of letters in the alphabet, subscripts have been added to most recent discoveries in this area, as in the Pittsburgh mutation described above.
3267:
1830:
in which a deficiency of alpha-1 antitrypsin leads to a chronic uninhibited tissue breakdown. This causes the degradation especially of lung tissue and eventually leads to characteristic manifestations of
1999:
with two different copies of the gene may have two different bands showing on electrofocusing, although heterozygote with one null mutant that abolishes expression of the gene will only show one band.
4658:
4538:
3705:
Alkins SA, O'Malley P (March 2000). "Should health-care systems pay for replacement therapy in patients with alpha(1)-antitrypsin deficiency? A critical review and cost-effectiveness analysis".
3125:
Owen MC, Brennan SO, Lewis JH, Carrell RW (September 1983). "Mutation of antitrypsin to antithrombin. alpha 1-antitrypsin
Pittsburgh (358 Met leads to Arg), a fatal bleeding disorder".
2595:
The most common side effects include dizziness, headache, dyspnoea (shortness of breath) and nausea. Allergic reactions have been observed during treatment, some of which were severe.
2242:
4976:
4703:
4688:
4673:
3297:
4628:
2113:
5413:
3259:
3345:
2951:
Kolarich D, Weber A, Turecek PL, Schwarz HP, Altmann F (June 2006). "Comprehensive glyco-proteomic analysis of human alpha1-antitrypsin and its charge isoforms".
3592:
3444:
2197:
3555:
3319:
3629:
3518:
3481:
3237:
956:
250:
5545:
5045:
937:
4001:
Carrell RW, Jeppsson JO, Laurell CB, Brennan SO, Owen MC, Vaughan L, et al. (July 1982). "Structure and variation of human alpha 1-antitrypsin".
2923:
4170:
Kalsheker N, Morley S, Morgan K (April 2002). "Gene regulation of the serine proteinase inhibitors alpha1-antitrypsin and alpha1-antichymotrypsin".
4598:
2996:"Current understanding of stem cell mobilization: the roles of chemokines, proteolytic enzymes, adhesion molecules, cytokines, and stromal cells"
1951:
to measure how much A1AT is present. Other detection methods include the use of enzyme-linked-immuno-sorbent-assays and radial immunodiffusion.
5579:
4583:
4553:
2715:
2135:
2697:
4104:
Coakley RJ, Taggart C, O'Neill S, McElvaney NG (January 2001). "Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency: biological answers to clinical questions".
3037:"Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. 2: genetic aspects of alpha(1)-antitrypsin deficiency: phenotypes and genetic modifiers of emphysema risk"
1742:. These enzymes are released locally in relatively low concentrations where they are immediately cleared by proteins such as A1AT. In the
5077:
4433:
3673:
65:
2172:
1937:
5734:
4613:
1259:
4415:
1252:
6047:
4141:
Lomas DA, Lourbakos A, Cumming SA, Belorgey D (April 2002). "Hypersensitive mousetraps, alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency and dementia".
1660:
carry different amounts of negatively charged sialic acids; this causes the heterogeneity observed on normal A1AT when analysed by
1492:–proteinase inhibitor (human) and under various trade names (including Aralast NP, Glassia, Prolastin, Prolastin-C, and Zemaira).
3289:
2868:"Current developments in mobilization of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and their interaction with niches in bone marrow"
2819:"Serine protease inhibitors serpina1 and serpina3 are down-regulated in bone marrow during hematopoietic progenitor mobilization"
1940:
of 0.9–2.3 g/L (in the US the reference range is expressed as mg/dL or micromoles), but the concentration can rise manyfold upon
3407:
4046:
Elliott PR, Abrahams JP, Lomas DA (January 1998). "Wild-type alpha 1-antitrypsin is in the canonical inhibitory conformation".
2570:
4508:
4439:
3086:"Oxidation of either methionine 351 or methionine 358 in alpha 1-antitrypsin causes loss of anti-neutrophil elastase activity"
6180:
4473:
1441:
4667:: Active site distortion is sufficient for proteinase inhibit second crystal structure of covalent serpin-proteinase complex
4523:
2680:
4812:
2770:"Acute-phase protein α1-anti-trypsin: diverting injurious innate and adaptive immune responses from non-authentic threats"
2659:
1628:
are most at risk for carrying one of the most common mutant forms of A1AT, the Z mutation (Glu342Lys on M1A, rs28929474).
6200:
5572:
4547:: A 2.1 ANGSTROM STRUCTURE OF AN UNCLEAVED ALPHA-1-ANTITRYPSIN SHOWS VARIABILITY OF THE REACTIVE CENTER AND OTHER LOOPS
414:
4981:
4923:
4861:
4807:
4802:
4744:
3205:
1969:(IEF) in the pH range 4.5-5.5, where the protein migrates in a gel according to its isoelectric point or charge in a
1473:
1508:
The protein was initially named "antitrypsin" because of its ability to bind and irreversibly inactivate the enzyme
1485:
3580:
2631:, another serpin that is analogous for protecting the body from excessive effects of its own inflammatory proteases
391:
3432:
5965:
5920:
5070:
4643:
3543:
2684:
2663:
2314:
2227:
2153:
1644:. However, one particular site shows a considerable amount of heterogeneity since tri- and even tetraantennary N-
1809:
Alpha-1 antitrypsin (white) with highlighted 'reactive centre loop' (blue) and A-sheet (light blue). (PDB: 1QLP)
6190:
6057:
5727:
5524:
3742:"Intravenous Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Therapy for Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency: The Current State of the Evidence"
3617:
3506:
3469:
2066:
1981:
1895:
1820:
1814:
1421:
1005:
3229:
6185:
5565:
313:
288:
3840:"Recombinant Alpha-1 Antitrypsin as Dry Powder for Pulmonary Administration: A Formulative Proof of Concept"
1449:
986:
982:
5255:
4493:
3623:
3586:
3549:
3512:
3475:
3438:
2585:
2494:
2387:
2021:
1720:
1469:
1358:
427:
326:
230:
2915:
2416:
5670:
2455:
1947:
The level of A1AT in serum is most often determined by adding an antibody that binds to A1AT, then using
420:
319:
3935:
Kalsheker N (April 1989). "Alpha 1-antitrypsin: structure, function and molecular biology of the gene".
3373:
1824:
1582:
region can be further divided into two sub-regions, termed "1" and "2". Alpha-1 antitrypsin is the main
6150:
5852:
5063:
5022:
1636:
A1AT is a single-chain glycoprotein consisting of 394 amino acids in the mature form and exhibits many
4359:"Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency: a new paradigm for hepatocellular carcinoma in genetic liver disease"
6013:
5720:
5604:
5519:
4466:
3667:
2768:
Guttman O, Baranovski BM, Schuster R, Kaner Z, Freixo-Lima GS, Bahar N, et al. (February 2015).
2145:
1876:
1770:
217:
5862:
5625:
5130:
4829:
4767:
4712:: THE S VARIANT OF HUMAN ALPHA1-ANTITRYPSIN, STRUCTURE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR FUNCTION AND METABOLISM
4697:: THE S VARIANT OF HUMAN ALPHA1-ANTITRYPSIN, STRUCTURE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR FUNCTION AND METABOLISM
4682:: THE S VARIANT OF HUMAN ALPHA1-ANTITRYPSIN, STRUCTURE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR FUNCTION AND METABOLISM
4201:"Liver injury in alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency: an aggregated protein induces mitochondrial injury"
3084:
Taggart C, Cervantes-Laurean D, Kim G, McElvaney NG, Wehr N, Moss J, et al. (September 2000).
2628:
2471:
1231:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1073:
238:
17:
4244:"Alpha1-antitrypsin polymerization and the serpinopathies: pathobiology and prospects for therapy"
6096:
5881:
5190:
5140:
5126:
3838:
Bianchera A, Alomari E, Michielon A, Bazzoli G, Ronda N, Pighini G, et al. (December 2022).
2183:
2125:
1540:
4568:
4075:
Miyamoto Y, Akaike T, Maeda H (March 2000). "S-nitrosylated human alpha(1)-protease inhibitor".
1235:
1227:
1160:
1140:
1077:
4637:: 2.0 ANGSTROM STRUCTURE OF INTACT ALPHA-1-ANTITRYPSIN: A CANONICAL TEMPLATE FOR ACTIVE SERPINS
2437:
1747:
3662:
258:
6195:
5828:
5635:
5216:
5002:
4948:
4737:
2043:
302:
5473:
5289:
4459:
4412:
4010:
2603:
alpha-1 antitrypsin is not yet available for use as a medication but is under development.
2396:
1966:
1902:
1661:
1640:. The three N-linked glycosylations sites are mainly equipped with so-called diantennary N-
1429:
2340:
8:
6115:
5696:
5630:
5588:
5468:
5408:
5154:
5144:
5134:
4918:
4819:
4797:
4792:
4777:
4772:
4445:
2612:
2331:
2034:. Some mutant forms fail to fold properly and are, thus, targeted for destruction in the
1941:
1827:
1774:
1743:
1477:
1410:
4014:
2498:
2475:
6042:
5832:
5640:
5494:
5386:
4424:
4388:
4340:
4315:
4129:
4034:
3960:
3907:
3890:
3866:
3839:
3815:
3790:
3766:
3741:
3061:
3036:
2976:
2892:
2867:
2843:
2818:
2794:
2769:
1888:
262:
4968:
4268:
4243:
4225:
4200:
4088:
3972:
Crystal RG (December 1989). "The alpha 1-antitrypsin gene and its deficiency states".
3196:
Mackiewicz A, Kushner I, Baumann H, eds. (1993). "Acute phase response: an overview".
3012:
2995:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
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775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
6086:
5836:
5503:
5403:
5346:
4380:
4345:
4302:
4273:
4230:
4187:
4158:
4121:
4117:
4092:
4063:
4026:
3989:
3985:
3952:
3912:
3871:
3820:
3771:
3722:
3399:
3211:
3201:
3178:
3142:
3107:
3066:
3017:
2968:
2897:
2848:
2799:
2750:
2427:
2284:
2271:
2254:
1755:
1529:
210:
58:
4392:
4038:
3964:
2980:
2104:
1847:
encoding the protein can cause misfolding and impaired secretion, which can lead to
6071:
6018:
5086:
4730:
4370:
4335:
4327:
4294:
4263:
4255:
4220:
4212:
4179:
4150:
4133:
4113:
4084:
4055:
4018:
3981:
3944:
3902:
3861:
3851:
3810:
3802:
3761:
3753:
3714:
3170:
3134:
3097:
3056:
3048:
3007:
2960:
2887:
2879:
2838:
2830:
2789:
2781:
2742:
2511:
2210:
1692:
1544:
1497:
1398:
1394:
507:
438:
382:
337:
242:
3856:
3806:
3757:
3290:"Prescription medicines: registration of new chemical entities in Australia, 2016"
3260:"Prescription medicines: registration of new chemical entities in Australia, 2017"
6164:
6091:
5848:
5844:
5840:
5756:
5743:
5650:
5609:
5245:
5166:
5027:
4419:
4331:
2600:
1962:
1848:
1805:
1493:
672:
665:
482:
266:
4077:
Biochimica et
Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology
3198:
Acute phase proteins: molecular biology, biochemistry, and clinical applications
3138:
2720:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
2702:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
5361:
5318:
5235:
5106:
4849:
4298:
3174:
1914:
1669:
1587:
1568:
1481:
583:
3215:
6174:
5991:
5986:
5944:
5786:
5645:
5478:
5460:
5398:
5356:
5352:
5184:
3692:
3350:
2487:
1921:
patients. Consequently, carbamylated A1AT is currently being developed as an
1910:
1614:
1552:
701:
4316:"Molecular mousetraps, alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency and the serpinopathies"
3718:
3052:
2660:
ENSG00000277377 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000197249, ENSG00000277377
1746:, a further elevation is required to "limit" the damage caused by activated
643:
521:
221:, A1A, A1AT, AAT, PI, PI1, PRO2275, alpha1AT, serpin family A member 1, nNIF
6120:
5976:
5959:
5910:
5866:
5747:
5150:
5094:
4943:
4913:
4787:
4782:
4384:
4349:
4306:
4277:
4234:
4191:
4162:
4125:
4096:
4059:
3875:
3824:
3775:
3726:
3182:
3111:
3102:
3085:
3070:
3021:
2972:
2964:
2901:
2852:
2803:
2754:
2581:
2205:
2095:
Other rarer forms have been described; in all, there are over 80 variants.
1996:
1948:
1906:
1872:
1452:. However, defective A1AT may accumulate in the liver, potentially causing
1406:
500:
279:
4067:
4030:
3993:
3956:
3916:
3146:
1299:
1294:
6135:
6037:
6028:
5981:
5971:
5906:
5824:
5809:
5761:
5712:
5701:
5680:
5665:
5509:
5499:
5391:
5342:
5279:
5260:
5220:
5209:
5177:
5017:
2834:
2733:
Gettins PG (December 2002). "Serpin structure, mechanism, and function".
2634:
2190:
1782:
1543:. On electrophoresis, the protein component of the blood is separated by
1437:
1054:
1050:
1031:
3791:"Feasibility of Aerosolized Alpha-1 Antitrypsin as a Therapeutic Option"
2360:
6080:
6032:
5954:
5949:
5939:
5901:
5877:
5557:
5440:
4183:
4154:
3948:
2550:
2371:
2035:
2003:
1918:
1880:
1836:
1778:
1649:
1624:-antitrypsin have been described in various populations. North-Western
1457:
399:
296:
246:
4607:: NON-COVALENT COMPLEX BETWEEN ALPHA-1-PI-PITTSBURGH AND S195A TRYPSIN
4375:
4358:
3346:"Health product highlights 2021: Annexes of products approved in 2021"
2883:
2817:
Winkler IG, Hendy J, Coughlin P, Horvath A, Lévesque JP (April 2005).
2785:
1664:. Also, the fucosylated triantennary N-glycans were shown to have the
1524:
and elsewhere. In older biomedical literature it was sometimes called
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
41:
6110:
5858:
5795:
5778:
5675:
5445:
5432:
5304:
5284:
5012:
4906:
4901:
4259:
4216:
4022:
2746:
2139:
2084:
2073:
1955:
1925:
1887:). One person with this mutation has been reported to have died of a
1835:. Evidence has shown that cigarette smoke can result in oxidation of
1832:
1684:
1653:
1637:
1517:
1453:
901:
466:
453:
365:
352:
254:
5055:
3083:
6125:
6052:
6023:
5896:
5891:
5655:
5326:
5294:
5097:
4958:
4953:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4871:
4866:
4856:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4824:
2922:. U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Insittues of Health.
2351:
2167:
2031:
1884:
1786:
1751:
1739:
1711:
1688:
1680:
1572:
1521:
1513:
1386:
1283:
4103:
2443:
5596:
5423:
5366:
5299:
4592:: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF A1PI-PITTSBURGH IN THE NATIVE CONFORMATION
4562:: Interactions causing the kinetic trap in serpin protein folding
4287:
Clinica
Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
3691:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
3320:"Prescription medicines and biologicals: TGA annual summary 2017"
2039:
1959:
1922:
1790:
1759:
1676:
1672:
1657:
1645:
1641:
1583:
1509:
1425:
1390:
1343:
1017:
968:
886:
882:
3837:
1687:
nomenclature) is found to be covalently linked to a free single
234:
6104:
5660:
5450:
5116:
5007:
4876:
4753:
4408:
2616:
2407:
2088:
2077:
1988:
1735:
1707:
1665:
1625:
1402:
1347:
1267:
923:
681:
4451:
4285:
Lisowska-Myjak B (February 2005). "AAT as a diagnostic tool".
2767:
5514:
4140:
4000:
1794:
1445:
1417:
771:
endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane
3698:
2460:
1789:
in these areas can lead to non-functional proteins that can
5032:
4986:
4622:: INTACT RECOMBINED ALPHA1-ANTITRYPSIN MUTANT PHE 51 TO LEU
3739:
2950:
2816:
1992:
1844:
1679:
particular protein-cell recognition properties. The single
1610:
1433:
1354:
4722:
3740:
Brantly ML, Lascano JE, Shahmohammadi A (November 2018).
2865:
1704:
842:
endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
3195:
2046:. The serum levels of some of the common genotypes are:
1954:
Different analytical methods are used to determine A1AT
1714:, it is considered the most prominent serpin; the terms
490:
3400:"Respreeza - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)"
3159:
3124:
2920:
ClinVar
Genomic variation as it relates to human health
2580:
Alpha-1 antitrypsin concentrates are prepared from the
2112:
1970:
1528:(STI, dated terminology), because its capability as a
1496:
versions are also available but are currently used in
6148:
4411:
online database for peptidases and their inhibitors:
4169:
2916:"NM_001127701.1(SERPINA1):c.1096G>A (p.Glu366Lys)"
655:
4045:
2091:
mutation at position 264 (288 in pre-processed form)
2080:
mutation at position 342 (366 in pre-processed form)
4074:
3374:"Regulatory Decision Summary for Pronextica Liquid"
4517:: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF CLEAVED ANTITRYPSIN POLYMER
3891:"Hereditary variants of serum alpha-1-antitrypsin"
3704:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2655:
2653:
2651:
1898:-positive globules within periportal hepatocytes.
1424:), neutrophil elastase can excessively break down
4356:
3657:
3655:
3653:
3651:
3649:
3647:
2866:Richler R, Forssmann W, Henschler R (June 2017).
2024:and "MM" is the banding pattern of that patient.
437:
336:
6172:
4532:: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF A SERPIN:PROTEASE COMPLEX
2946:
2944:
1965:is imprecise, the A1AT phenotype is analysed by
3888:
2669:
2648:
2339:
1571:). The non-albumin proteins are referred to as
1444:, in adults. Normally, A1AT is produced in the
4284:
3644:
3575:
3573:
3034:
2681:GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000071177
5728:
5573:
5071:
4738:
4467:
4241:
3882:
3427:
3425:
2941:
2619:variants of A1AT leading to disease in 1965.
1420:contains inadequate or defective A1AT (as in
857:negative regulation of endopeptidase activity
4357:Rudnick DA, Perlmutter DH (September 2005).
4106:The American Journal of the Medical Sciences
3538:
3536:
3189:
3153:
2993:
2171:
1350:superfamily. It is encoded in humans by the
735:serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
3570:
2726:
2298:In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
2006:results, the IEF results are notated as in
5742:
5735:
5721:
5580:
5566:
5078:
5064:
4745:
4731:
4474:
4460:
4198:
3612:
3610:
3501:
3499:
3464:
3462:
3422:
3028:
2497:
2474:
2111:
1532:was a salient feature of its early study.
761:COPII-coated ER to Golgi transport vesicle
6048:Tetragalacturonic acid hydroxymethylester
5546:disorders of globin and globulin proteins
5046:disorders of globin and globulin proteins
4374:
4339:
4267:
4224:
3934:
3906:
3865:
3855:
3814:
3765:
3533:
3101:
3060:
3011:
2891:
2842:
2793:
2395:
832:negative regulation of peptidase activity
5587:
3889:Axelsson U, Laurell CB (November 1965).
1804:
1800:
811:collagen-containing extracellular matrix
801:intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
3971:
3607:
3496:
3459:
2732:
2470:
2359:
2062:PiSZ: 40% of normal serum level of A1AT
2059:PiMZ: 60% of normal serum level of A1AT
2056:PiSS: 60% of normal serum level of A1AT
2053:PiMS: 80% of normal serum level of A1AT
872:post-translational protein modification
27:Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
14:
6173:
4242:Lomas DA, Mahadeva R (December 2002).
3788:
3746:Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases
3558:from the original on 28 September 2020
3324:Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)
3294:Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)
3264:Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)
2936:Interpretation: Pathogenic risk factor
2774:Clinical & Experimental Immunology
2615:first investigated the possibility of
2488:
2290:
2265:
1520:, is a digestive enzyme active in the
5716:
5561:
5085:
5059:
4726:
4652:: CLEAVED ALPHA-1-ANTITRYPSIN POLYMER
4455:
4313:
4248:The Journal of Clinical Investigation
4205:The Journal of Clinical Investigation
3230:"Alpha-1-Proteinase Inhibitor, Human"
3035:DeMeo DL, Silverman EK (March 2004).
2994:Lapidot T, Petit I (September 2012).
2436:
2415:
2278:
2162:
2144:
1442:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
442:
403:
398:
341:
300:
295:
4813:Protein Z-related protease inhibitor
2926:from the original on 13 October 2022
2823:The Journal of Experimental Medicine
2442:
2209:
2038:, whereas others have a tendency to
1539:refers to the protein's behavior on
3676:from the original on 3 October 2020
3595:from the original on 3 October 2020
3447:from the original on 10 August 2020
3410:from the original on 3 October 2020
3240:from the original on 3 October 2020
3127:The New England Journal of Medicine
3090:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
1474:an exogenous one used as medication
24:
3927:
3895:American Journal of Human Genetics
3484:from the original on 4 August 2020
3300:from the original on 10 April 2023
3270:from the original on 10 April 2023
2030:levels in the blood depend on the
1894:A liver biopsy will show abundant
1819:Disorders of this protein include
1731:) are often used interchangeably.
25:
6212:
5923:(II, VII, IX, X, protein C and S)
4808:Plasminogen activator inhibitor-2
4803:Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
4401:
3632:from the original on 1 April 2020
3521:from the original on 1 April 2020
2236:
2130:Aralast, Zemaira, Glassia, others
1683:residue of A1AT in position 256 (
6158:
4702:
4687:
4672:
4657:
4642:
4627:
4612:
4597:
4582:
4567:
4552:
4537:
4522:
4507:
4492:
4172:Biochemical Society Transactions
4143:Biochemical Society Transactions
4118:10.1097/00000441-200101000-00006
3686:
2528:
2522:
1656:amino acid nomenclature). These
1620:Over 100 different variants of α
1470:an endogenous protease inhibitor
671:
664:
426:
419:
413:
390:
325:
318:
312:
287:
40:
5966:thrombopoietin receptor agonist
5921:Prothrombin complex concentrate
4502:: UNCLEAVED ALPHA-1-ANTITRYPSIN
4481:
4199:Perlmutter DH (December 2002).
3831:
3782:
3733:
3392:
3378:Drug and Health Products Portal
3366:
3338:
3312:
3282:
3252:
3222:
3118:
3077:
2987:
2098:
1797:(infantile hepatic cirrhosis).
1503:
6058:Hemostatic Powder Spray TC-325
5525:Extracellular matrix protein 1
2908:
2859:
2810:
2761:
2708:
2690:
2540:
2534:
2516:
2249:
2067:alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
1982:alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
1821:alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
1815:Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
1613:is located on the long arm of
1422:alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
1385:) because it inhibits various
682:More reference expression data
644:More reference expression data
13:
1:
4089:10.1016/S0167-4838(99)00264-2
3857:10.3390/pharmaceutics14122754
3807:10.15326/jcopdf.7.3.2019.0179
3758:10.15326/jcopdf.6.1.2017.0185
3013:10.1016/s0301-472x(02)00883-4
2641:
1905:(RA) have been found to make
411:
310:
6181:Genes on human chromosome 14
5256:Sex hormone-binding globulin
4332:10.7861/clinmedicine.5-3-249
4048:Journal of Molecular Biology
3986:10.1016/0168-9525(89)90200-X
3624:Food and Drug Administration
3587:Food and Drug Administration
3550:Food and Drug Administration
3513:Food and Drug Administration
3476:Food and Drug Administration
3439:Food and Drug Administration
3200:. CRC Press. pp. 3–19.
2637:is a related alpha 1 protein
2586:Food and Drug Administration
2322:Alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor
2173:Alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor
1773:, A1AT has a characteristic
1631:
1595:alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor
806:ficolin-1-rich granule lumen
776:platelet alpha granule lumen
715:peptidase inhibitor activity
7:
5671:Haptoglobin-related protein
4752:
3139:10.1056/NEJM198309223091203
2622:
1931:
1698:
1604:
756:endoplasmic reticulum lumen
10:
6217:
6201:Serine protease inhibitors
5853:Valoctocogene roxaparvovec
5023:Thyroxine-binding globulin
4444:gene details page in the
4299:10.1016/j.cccn.2004.03.012
3175:10.1016/j.jaut.2017.02.008
2606:
2506:Chemical and physical data
1854:An extremely rare form of
1812:
1771:serine protease inhibitors
1675:, which could confer this
1260:Chr 12: 103.73 – 103.74 Mb
6070:
6014:Absorbable gelatin sponge
6006:
5930:
5808:
5777:
5770:
5755:
5689:
5618:
5595:
5537:
5520:Vitamin D-binding protein
5487:
5459:
5431:
5422:
5379:
5335:
5317:
5270:
5243:
5234:
5199:
5164:
5114:
5105:
5093:
5041:
4995:
4967:
4760:
4487:
3668:European Medicines Agency
2716:"Mouse PubMed Reference:"
2698:"Human PubMed Reference:"
2566:
2549:
2510:
2505:
2486:
2454:
2426:
2406:
2386:
2370:
2350:
2330:
2310:
2305:
2226:
2221:
2196:
2182:
2152:
2134:
2124:
2119:
2110:
1500:more than as medication.
1464:Paneth cells of the gut.
1428:, leading to the loss of
1298:
1293:
1289:
1282:
1266:
1247:
1224:
1220:
1183:
1159:
1152:
1137:
1133:
1096:
1072:
1065:
1048:
1044:
1029:
1025:
1016:
1003:
999:
980:
976:
967:
954:
950:
935:
931:
922:
907:
900:
896:
880:
730:identical protein binding
700:
696:
679:
663:
654:
641:
590:
581:
528:
519:
489:
481:
477:
460:
447:
410:
389:
380:
376:
359:
346:
309:
286:
277:
273:
228:
225:
215:
208:
203:
84:
79:
62:
57:
52:
48:
39:
34:
5863:Fidanacogene elaparvovec
5626:Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin
5131:Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin
4768:Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin
2629:Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin
2584:of blood donors. The US
2042:, being retained in the
1987:As every person has two
1938:reference range in blood
1754:, which breaks down the
1734:Most serpins inactivate
1253:Chr 14: 94.38 – 94.39 Mb
867:neutrophil degranulation
6097:Aminomethylbenzoic acid
5414:7S seed storage protein
5191:Retinol binding protein
3789:Usmani OS (July 2020).
3719:10.1378/chest.117.3.875
3163:Journal of Autoimmunity
3053:10.1136/thx.2003.006502
1748:neutrophil granulocytes
1668:as part of a so-called
1648:can be attached to the
1555:, the second being the
1541:protein electrophoresis
1526:serum trypsin inhibitor
564:upper lobe of left lung
4969:Cross class inhibitory
4060:10.1006/jmbi.1997.1458
3795:Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis
3103:10.1074/jbc.M004850200
2965:10.1002/pmic.200500751
1976:Normal A1AT is termed
1879:), due to a mutation (
1810:
1793:and accumulate in the
1484:and is sold under the
1480:form is purified from
1361:, it is also known as
837:platelet degranulation
6191:Enzymes used as drugs
5829:Damoctocog alfa pegol
5636:Alpha 2-macroglobulin
5217:alpha-2-Macroglobulin
5003:Heat shock protein 47
3672:. 17 September 2018.
3591:. 21 September 2017.
2872:Transfus Med Hemother
2065:PiZZ: 10-15% (severe
2044:endoplasmic reticulum
1825:autosomal co-dominant
1808:
1801:Clinical significance
1593:Another name used is
1516:. Trypsin, a type of
1367:–proteinase inhibitor
847:COPII vesicle coating
786:endoplasmic reticulum
766:extracellular exosome
444:12 E|12 52.98 cM
405:Chromosome 12 (mouse)
303:Chromosome 14 (human)
6186:Acute-phase proteins
5589:Acute-phase proteins
5474:Bovine serum albumin
5290:Beta-2 microglobulin
4577:: ALPHA1-ANTITRYPSIN
4438:genome location and
4418:1 April 2008 at the
2835:10.1084/jem.20042299
1967:isoelectric focusing
1913:form of A1AT in the
1903:rheumatoid arthritis
1744:acute phase reaction
1662:isoelectric focusing
1547:. There are several
1450:systemic circulation
852:acute-phase response
781:extracellular region
598:hepatobiliary system
267:SERPINA1 - orthologs
80:List of PDB id codes
53:Available structures
5631:Alpha 1-antitrypsin
5469:Human serum albumin
5409:11S globulin family
5155:Heparin cofactor II
5145:Alpha 2-antiplasmin
5135:Alpha 1-antitrypsin
4798:Protein C inhibitor
4793:Heparin cofactor II
4778:Alpha 2-antiplasmin
4773:Alpha 1-antitrypsin
4446:UCSC Genome Browser
4427:Alpha-1-antitrypsin
4015:1982Natur.298..329C
3406:. 10 October 2018.
2274:(Prescription only)
2245:(Prescription only)
2107:
2105:Alpha-1 antitrypsin
2083:PiS is caused by a
2072:PiZ is caused by a
2050:PiMM: 100% (normal)
2028:Alpha-1 antitrypsin
1833:pulmonary emphysema
1828:hereditary disorder
1775:secondary structure
1738:by binding to them
1486:nonproprietary name
1456:in both adults and
1411:neutrophil elastase
1312:Alpha-1 antitrypsin
796:extracellular space
630:islet of Langerhans
540:islet of Langerhans
532:right lobe of liver
6043:Oxidized cellulose
5833:Efanesoctocog alfa
5641:C-reactive protein
5495:C-reactive protein
5387:Beta-lactoglobulin
4184:10.1042/BST0300093
4155:10.1042/BST0300089
3974:Trends in Genetics
3949:10.1007/BF01115992
3937:Bioscience Reports
3380:. 14 November 2023
2103:
2022:protease inhibitor
1942:acute inflammation
1889:bleeding diathesis
1871:, functions as an
1811:
1721:protease inhibitor
1551:, the first being
1438:respiratory issues
1436:. This results in
1409:cells, especially
1359:protease inhibitor
1006:ENSMUSG00000071177
820:Biological process
744:Cellular component
708:Molecular function
6146:
6145:
6116:Alfa1 antitrypsin
6087:Aminocaproic acid
6072:Antifibrinolytics
6066:
6065:
6002:
6001:
5837:Efmoroctocog alfa
5787:Phytomenadione (K
5710:
5709:
5555:
5554:
5533:
5532:
5504:Alpha-lactalbumin
5404:Alpha-lactalbumin
5375:
5374:
5347:Fetal fibronectin
5313:
5312:
5230:
5229:
5087:Globular proteins
5053:
5052:
4720:
4719:
4376:10.1002/hep.20815
4320:Clinical Medicine
4314:Lomas DA (2005).
2884:10.1159/000477262
2786:10.1111/cei.12476
2578:
2577:
2456:CompTox Dashboard
2294:
2282:
2269:
2252:
2240:
2165:
1756:connective tissue
1750:and their enzyme
1530:trypsin inhibitor
1482:human donor blood
1393:). As a type of
1346:belonging to the
1309:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1278:
1277:
1243:
1242:
1214:
1213:
1148:
1147:
1127:
1126:
1061:
1060:
1038:
1037:
1012:
1011:
993:
992:
963:
962:
944:
943:
892:
891:
862:blood coagulation
692:
691:
688:
687:
650:
649:
637:
636:
575:
574:
473:
472:
372:
371:
199:
198:
195:
194:
63:Ortholog search:
16:(Redirected from
6208:
6163:
6162:
6161:
6154:
6019:Calcium alginate
5775:
5774:
5768:
5767:
5757:Antihemorrhagics
5744:Antihemorrhagics
5737:
5730:
5723:
5714:
5713:
5582:
5575:
5568:
5559:
5558:
5429:
5428:
5273:
5249:
5246:carrier proteins
5241:
5240:
5202:
5170:
5167:carrier proteins
5120:
5112:
5111:
5103:
5102:
5080:
5073:
5066:
5057:
5056:
4747:
4740:
4733:
4724:
4723:
4706:
4691:
4676:
4661:
4646:
4631:
4616:
4601:
4586:
4571:
4556:
4541:
4526:
4511:
4496:
4476:
4469:
4462:
4453:
4452:
4396:
4378:
4353:
4343:
4310:
4281:
4271:
4260:10.1172/JCI16782
4238:
4228:
4217:10.1172/JCI16787
4195:
4166:
4137:
4100:
4071:
4042:
4023:10.1038/298329a0
4009:(5872): 329–34.
3997:
3968:
3921:
3920:
3910:
3886:
3880:
3879:
3869:
3859:
3835:
3829:
3828:
3818:
3786:
3780:
3779:
3769:
3737:
3731:
3730:
3702:
3696:
3690:
3689:
3685:
3683:
3681:
3663:"Respreeza EPAR"
3659:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3628:. 22 July 2017.
3614:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3600:
3577:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3563:
3554:. 5 March 2018.
3540:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3526:
3517:. 22 July 2017.
3503:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3489:
3480:. 22 July 2017.
3466:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3443:. 22 July 2017.
3429:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3396:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3370:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3359:
3342:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3305:
3296:. 21 June 2022.
3286:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3275:
3266:. 21 June 2022.
3256:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3226:
3220:
3219:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3122:
3116:
3115:
3105:
3096:(35): 27258–65.
3081:
3075:
3074:
3064:
3032:
3026:
3025:
3015:
2991:
2985:
2984:
2948:
2939:
2938:
2933:
2931:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2895:
2863:
2857:
2856:
2846:
2814:
2808:
2807:
2797:
2765:
2759:
2758:
2747:10.1021/cr010170
2741:(12): 4751–804.
2735:Chemical Reviews
2730:
2724:
2723:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2694:
2688:
2678:
2667:
2657:
2574:
2573:
2561:
2559:
2542:
2536:
2530:
2524:
2518:
2501:
2490:
2479:
2478:
2464:
2462:
2446:
2440:
2419:
2399:
2363:
2343:
2292:
2289:
2280:
2277:
2267:
2264:
2260:
2251:
2248:
2238:
2235:
2213:
2175:
2164:
2161:
2148:
2115:
2108:
2106:
2102:
1766:responsiveness.
1693:disulfide bridge
1545:electric current
1498:medical research
1395:enzyme inhibitor
1291:
1290:
1262:
1255:
1238:
1218:
1217:
1209:
1157:
1156:
1153:RefSeq (protein)
1143:
1131:
1130:
1122:
1070:
1069:
1042:
1041:
1023:
1022:
997:
996:
974:
973:
948:
947:
929:
928:
898:
897:
720:protease binding
698:
697:
684:
675:
668:
661:
660:
646:
586:
584:Top expressed in
579:
578:
524:
522:Top expressed in
517:
516:
496:
495:
479:
478:
469:
456:
445:
430:
423:
417:
406:
394:
378:
377:
368:
355:
344:
329:
322:
316:
305:
291:
275:
274:
269:
220:
213:
190:
77:
76:
71:
50:
49:
44:
32:
31:
21:
6216:
6215:
6211:
6210:
6209:
6207:
6206:
6205:
6171:
6170:
6169:
6159:
6157:
6149:
6147:
6142:
6092:Tranexamic acid
6062:
5998:
5932:
5926:
5849:Turoctocog alfa
5845:Susoctocog alfa
5841:Moroctocog alfa
5811:
5804:
5799:
5790:
5759:
5751:
5741:
5711:
5706:
5685:
5614:
5591:
5586:
5556:
5551:
5550:
5529:
5483:
5455:
5418:
5380:Other globulins
5371:
5331:
5327:Immunoglobulins
5309:
5271:
5266:
5263:
5244:
5226:
5200:
5195:
5165:
5160:
5115:
5107:Alpha globulins
5089:
5084:
5054:
5049:
5037:
5028:Angiotensinogen
4991:
4963:
4756:
4751:
4721:
4716:
4713:
4707:
4698:
4692:
4683:
4677:
4668:
4662:
4653:
4647:
4638:
4632:
4623:
4617:
4608:
4602:
4593:
4587:
4578:
4572:
4563:
4557:
4548:
4542:
4533:
4527:
4518:
4512:
4503:
4497:
4483:
4480:
4420:Wayback Machine
4404:
4399:
4254:(11): 1585–90.
4211:(11): 1579–83.
3930:
3928:Further reading
3925:
3924:
3887:
3883:
3836:
3832:
3787:
3783:
3738:
3734:
3703:
3699:
3687:
3679:
3677:
3661:
3660:
3645:
3635:
3633:
3616:
3615:
3608:
3598:
3596:
3579:
3578:
3571:
3561:
3559:
3542:
3541:
3534:
3524:
3522:
3505:
3504:
3497:
3487:
3485:
3468:
3467:
3460:
3450:
3448:
3431:
3430:
3423:
3413:
3411:
3398:
3397:
3393:
3383:
3381:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3357:
3355:
3354:. 3 August 2022
3344:
3343:
3339:
3329:
3327:
3318:
3317:
3313:
3303:
3301:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3273:
3271:
3258:
3257:
3253:
3243:
3241:
3228:
3227:
3223:
3208:
3194:
3190:
3158:
3154:
3123:
3119:
3082:
3078:
3033:
3029:
2992:
2988:
2959:(11): 3369–80.
2949:
2942:
2929:
2927:
2914:
2913:
2909:
2864:
2860:
2815:
2811:
2766:
2762:
2731:
2727:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2679:
2670:
2658:
2649:
2644:
2625:
2609:
2569:
2567:
2557:
2555:
2545:
2539:
2533:
2527:
2521:
2482:
2458:
2450:
2422:
2402:
2382:
2366:
2346:
2326:
2323:
2318:
2317:
2301:
2258:
2217:
2185:
2178:
2101:
2018:
2011:
1963:electrophoresis
1934:
1870:
1866:
1859:
1849:liver cirrhosis
1842:
1817:
1803:
1729:
1701:
1634:
1623:
1607:
1600:
1569:immunoglobulins
1563:and the fourth
1506:
1491:
1448:and enters the
1379:-antiproteinase
1378:
1366:
1331:
1319:
1300:View/Edit Mouse
1295:View/Edit Human
1258:
1251:
1248:Location (UCSC)
1234:
1230:
1226:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1139:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1053:
987:ENSG00000277377
985:
983:ENSG00000197249
876:
815:
751:Golgi apparatus
739:
725:protein binding
680:
670:
669:
642:
633:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
594:proximal tubule
582:
571:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
520:
464:
451:
443:
433:
432:
431:
424:
404:
381:Gene location (
363:
350:
342:
332:
331:
330:
323:
301:
278:Gene location (
229:
216:
209:
86:
64:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6214:
6204:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6168:
6167:
6144:
6143:
6141:
6140:
6139:
6138:
6130:
6129:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6101:
6100:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6076:
6074:
6068:
6067:
6064:
6063:
6061:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6010:
6008:
6004:
6003:
6000:
5999:
5997:
5996:
5995:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5936:
5934:
5928:
5927:
5925:
5924:
5914:
5913:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5885:
5884:
5871:
5870:
5856:
5822:
5816:
5814:
5806:
5805:
5803:
5802:
5797:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5781:
5772:
5765:
5753:
5752:
5740:
5739:
5732:
5725:
5717:
5708:
5707:
5705:
5704:
5699:
5693:
5691:
5687:
5686:
5684:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5622:
5620:
5619:Other positive
5616:
5615:
5613:
5612:
5607:
5601:
5599:
5593:
5592:
5585:
5584:
5577:
5570:
5562:
5553:
5552:
5549:
5548:
5539:
5538:
5535:
5534:
5531:
5530:
5528:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5497:
5491:
5489:
5485:
5484:
5482:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5465:
5463:
5457:
5456:
5454:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5437:
5435:
5426:
5420:
5419:
5417:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5395:
5394:
5383:
5381:
5377:
5376:
5373:
5372:
5370:
5369:
5364:
5362:Transcobalamin
5359:
5350:
5339:
5337:
5333:
5332:
5330:
5329:
5323:
5321:
5319:Gamma globulin
5315:
5314:
5311:
5310:
5308:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5276:
5274:
5268:
5267:
5265:
5264:
5258:
5252:
5250:
5238:
5236:Beta globulins
5232:
5231:
5228:
5227:
5225:
5224:
5213:
5205:
5203:
5197:
5196:
5194:
5193:
5188:
5181:
5173:
5171:
5162:
5161:
5159:
5158:
5148:
5138:
5123:
5121:
5109:
5100:
5091:
5090:
5083:
5082:
5075:
5068:
5060:
5051:
5050:
5042:
5039:
5038:
5036:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
4999:
4997:
4993:
4992:
4990:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4973:
4971:
4965:
4964:
4962:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4910:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4853:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4816:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4764:
4762:
4758:
4757:
4750:
4749:
4742:
4735:
4727:
4718:
4717:
4715:
4714:
4708:
4701:
4699:
4693:
4686:
4684:
4678:
4671:
4669:
4663:
4656:
4654:
4648:
4641:
4639:
4633:
4626:
4624:
4618:
4611:
4609:
4603:
4596:
4594:
4588:
4581:
4579:
4573:
4566:
4564:
4558:
4551:
4549:
4543:
4536:
4534:
4528:
4521:
4519:
4513:
4506:
4504:
4498:
4491:
4488:
4485:
4484:
4479:
4478:
4471:
4464:
4456:
4450:
4449:
4430:
4422:
4403:
4402:External links
4400:
4398:
4397:
4354:
4311:
4282:
4239:
4196:
4167:
4138:
4101:
4072:
4043:
3998:
3969:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3923:
3922:
3881:
3830:
3781:
3752:(1): 100–114.
3732:
3697:
3643:
3606:
3569:
3532:
3495:
3458:
3421:
3391:
3365:
3337:
3326:. 21 June 2022
3311:
3281:
3251:
3236:. 4 May 2020.
3221:
3206:
3188:
3152:
3117:
3076:
3027:
3006:(9): 973–981.
2986:
2940:
2907:
2878:(3): 151–164.
2858:
2829:(7): 1077–88.
2809:
2780:(2): 161–172.
2760:
2725:
2707:
2689:
2668:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2632:
2624:
2621:
2608:
2605:
2576:
2575:
2564:
2563:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2543:
2537:
2531:
2525:
2519:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2502:
2492:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2467:
2465:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2432:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2412:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2392:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2380:
2376:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2364:
2356:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2336:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2321:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2296:
2287:
2275:
2262:
2246:
2232:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2202:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2188:
2186:administration
2180:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2158:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2142:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2116:
2100:
2097:
2093:
2092:
2081:
2070:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2016:
2009:
1933:
1930:
1915:synovial fluid
1907:autoantibodies
1901:Patients with
1868:
1864:
1857:
1840:
1813:Main article:
1802:
1799:
1727:
1716:α1-antitrypsin
1700:
1697:
1670:Sialyl Lewis x
1633:
1630:
1621:
1606:
1603:
1598:
1588:alpha-globulin
1505:
1502:
1489:
1478:pharmaceutical
1397:, it protects
1376:
1364:
1329:
1317:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1287:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1264:
1263:
1256:
1249:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1222:
1221:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1181:
1180:
1154:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1135:
1134:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1094:
1093:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1046:
1045:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1027:
1026:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1001:
1000:
994:
991:
990:
978:
977:
971:
965:
964:
961:
960:
952:
951:
945:
942:
941:
933:
932:
926:
920:
919:
914:
909:
905:
904:
894:
893:
890:
889:
878:
877:
875:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
823:
821:
817:
816:
814:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
791:Golgi membrane
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
747:
745:
741:
740:
738:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
711:
709:
705:
704:
694:
693:
690:
689:
686:
685:
677:
676:
658:
652:
651:
648:
647:
639:
638:
635:
634:
632:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
588:
587:
576:
573:
572:
570:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
526:
525:
513:
512:
504:
493:
487:
486:
483:RNA expression
475:
474:
471:
470:
462:
458:
457:
449:
446:
441:
435:
434:
425:
418:
412:
408:
407:
402:
396:
395:
387:
386:
374:
373:
370:
369:
361:
357:
356:
348:
345:
340:
334:
333:
324:
317:
311:
307:
306:
299:
293:
292:
284:
283:
271:
270:
227:
223:
222:
214:
206:
205:
201:
200:
197:
196:
193:
192:
82:
81:
73:
72:
61:
55:
54:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6213:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6178:
6176:
6166:
6156:
6155:
6152:
6137:
6134:
6133:
6131:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6108:
6107:
6106:
6102:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6084:
6083:
6082:
6078:
6077:
6075:
6073:
6069:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6011:
6009:
6005:
5993:
5992:Rafutrombopag
5990:
5988:
5987:Lusutrombopag
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5969:
5968:
5967:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5945:Carbazochrome
5943:
5941:
5938:
5937:
5935:
5929:
5922:
5919:
5918:combinations:
5916:
5915:
5912:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5887:
5886:
5883:
5879:
5876:
5873:
5872:
5868:
5864:
5860:
5857:
5854:
5850:
5846:
5842:
5838:
5834:
5830:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5817:
5815:
5813:
5807:
5801:
5794:
5792:
5785:
5784:
5782:
5780:
5776:
5773:
5769:
5766:
5763:
5758:
5754:
5749:
5745:
5738:
5733:
5731:
5726:
5724:
5719:
5718:
5715:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5697:Serum albumin
5695:
5694:
5692:
5688:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5646:Ceruloplasmin
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5623:
5621:
5617:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5602:
5600:
5598:
5594:
5590:
5583:
5578:
5576:
5571:
5569:
5564:
5563:
5560:
5547:
5544:
5541:
5540:
5536:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5505:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5492:
5490:
5486:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5466:
5464:
5462:
5461:Serum albumin
5458:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5438:
5436:
5434:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5421:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5399:Thyroglobulin
5397:
5393:
5390:
5389:
5388:
5385:
5384:
5382:
5378:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5357:Microglobulin
5354:
5353:Macroglobulin
5351:
5348:
5344:
5341:
5340:
5338:
5334:
5328:
5325:
5324:
5322:
5320:
5316:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5277:
5275:
5269:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5253:
5251:
5247:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5233:
5222:
5218:
5214:
5211:
5207:
5206:
5204:
5198:
5192:
5189:
5186:
5185:Ceruloplasmin
5182:
5179:
5175:
5174:
5172:
5168:
5163:
5156:
5152:
5149:
5146:
5142:
5139:
5136:
5132:
5128:
5125:
5124:
5122:
5118:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5092:
5088:
5081:
5076:
5074:
5069:
5067:
5062:
5061:
5058:
5048:
5047:
5040:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4996:noninhibitory
4994:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4970:
4966:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4911:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4854:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4817:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4765:
4763:
4759:
4755:
4748:
4743:
4741:
4736:
4734:
4729:
4728:
4725:
4711:
4705:
4700:
4696:
4690:
4685:
4681:
4675:
4670:
4666:
4660:
4655:
4651:
4645:
4640:
4636:
4630:
4625:
4621:
4615:
4610:
4606:
4600:
4595:
4591:
4585:
4580:
4576:
4570:
4565:
4561:
4555:
4550:
4546:
4540:
4535:
4531:
4525:
4520:
4516:
4510:
4505:
4501:
4495:
4490:
4489:
4486:
4477:
4472:
4470:
4465:
4463:
4458:
4457:
4454:
4447:
4443:
4442:
4437:
4436:
4431:
4429:
4428:
4425:Proteopedia:
4423:
4421:
4417:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4405:
4394:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4369:(3): 514–21.
4368:
4364:
4360:
4355:
4351:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4333:
4329:
4326:(3): 249–57.
4325:
4321:
4317:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4300:
4296:
4293:(1–2): 1–13.
4292:
4288:
4283:
4279:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4206:
4202:
4197:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4168:
4164:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4102:
4098:
4094:
4090:
4086:
4083:(1–2): 90–7.
4082:
4078:
4073:
4069:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4054:(3): 419–25.
4053:
4049:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4004:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3980:(12): 411–7.
3979:
3975:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3943:(2): 129–38.
3942:
3938:
3933:
3932:
3918:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3901:(6): 466–72.
3900:
3896:
3892:
3885:
3877:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3844:Pharmaceutics
3841:
3834:
3826:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3785:
3777:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3736:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3713:(3): 875–80.
3712:
3708:
3701:
3694:
3693:public domain
3675:
3671:
3669:
3664:
3658:
3656:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3648:
3631:
3627:
3625:
3619:
3613:
3611:
3594:
3590:
3588:
3582:
3581:"Prolastin-C"
3576:
3574:
3557:
3553:
3551:
3545:
3539:
3537:
3520:
3516:
3514:
3508:
3502:
3500:
3483:
3479:
3477:
3471:
3465:
3463:
3446:
3442:
3440:
3434:
3428:
3426:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3395:
3379:
3375:
3369:
3353:
3352:
3351:Health Canada
3347:
3341:
3325:
3321:
3315:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3285:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3255:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3225:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3207:1-000-14197-7
3203:
3199:
3192:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3156:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3133:(12): 694–8.
3132:
3128:
3121:
3113:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3080:
3072:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3047:(3): 259–64.
3046:
3042:
3038:
3031:
3023:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2990:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2947:
2945:
2937:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2911:
2903:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2862:
2854:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2813:
2805:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2764:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2729:
2721:
2717:
2711:
2703:
2699:
2693:
2686:
2682:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2665:
2661:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2647:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2611:Axelsson and
2604:
2602:
2596:
2593:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2572:
2565:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2489:ECHA InfoCard
2485:
2477:
2473:
2472:DTXSID2040810
2469:
2468:
2466:
2457:
2453:
2445:
2444:RCSB PDB
2439:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2418:
2417:ChEMBL4297879
2414:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2405:
2398:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2362:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2342:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2320:
2319:
2316:
2309:
2304:
2297:
2295: Rx-only
2288:
2286:
2276:
2273:
2263:
2256:
2247:
2244:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2225:
2220:
2212:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2181:
2174:
2169:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2120:Clinical data
2118:
2114:
2109:
2096:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2068:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2012:
2005:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1957:
1952:
1950:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1899:
1897:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1867:
1860:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1838:
1834:
1829:
1826:
1822:
1816:
1807:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1783:alpha helices
1780:
1776:
1772:
1767:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1730:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1706:
1703:A1AT is a 52-
1696:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1629:
1627:
1618:
1616:
1615:chromosome 14
1612:
1602:
1596:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1465:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1372:
1368:
1360:
1356:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1325:
1321:
1313:
1301:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1223:
1219:
1216:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1144:
1142:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1066:RefSeq (mRNA)
1064:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1008:
1007:
1002:
998:
995:
989:
988:
984:
979:
975:
972:
970:
966:
959:
958:
953:
949:
946:
940:
939:
934:
930:
927:
925:
921:
918:
915:
913:
910:
906:
903:
899:
895:
888:
884:
879:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
824:
822:
819:
818:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
748:
746:
743:
742:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
712:
710:
707:
706:
703:
702:Gene ontology
699:
695:
683:
678:
674:
667:
662:
659:
657:
653:
645:
640:
629:
625:
621:
618:lobe of liver
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
592:
589:
585:
580:
577:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
530:
527:
523:
518:
515:
514:
511:
509:
505:
503:
502:
498:
497:
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
468:
463:
459:
455:
450:
440:
436:
429:
422:
416:
409:
401:
397:
393:
388:
384:
379:
375:
367:
362:
358:
354:
349:
339:
335:
328:
321:
315:
308:
304:
298:
294:
290:
285:
281:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
224:
219:
212:
207:
202:
191:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
83:
78:
75:
74:
70:
67:
60:
56:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
6196:Orphan drugs
6121:C1-inhibitor
6103:
6079:
5977:Avatrombopag
5964:
5960:Fostamatinib
5917:
5911:Catridecacog
5902:I/Fibrinogen
5888:
5882:Eptacog alfa
5874:
5867:Nonacog alfa
5819:
5796:Menadione (K
5542:
5151:Antithrombin
5043:
4788:C1-inhibitor
4783:Antithrombin
4709:
4694:
4679:
4664:
4649:
4634:
4619:
4604:
4589:
4574:
4559:
4544:
4529:
4514:
4499:
4440:
4434:
4426:
4366:
4362:
4323:
4319:
4290:
4286:
4251:
4247:
4208:
4204:
4175:
4171:
4149:(2): 89–92.
4146:
4142:
4112:(1): 33–41.
4109:
4105:
4080:
4076:
4051:
4047:
4006:
4002:
3977:
3973:
3940:
3936:
3898:
3894:
3884:
3850:(12): 2754.
3847:
3843:
3833:
3801:(3): 272–9.
3798:
3794:
3784:
3749:
3745:
3735:
3710:
3706:
3700:
3678:. Retrieved
3666:
3634:. Retrieved
3621:
3597:. Retrieved
3584:
3560:. Retrieved
3547:
3523:. Retrieved
3510:
3486:. Retrieved
3473:
3449:. Retrieved
3436:
3433:"Aralast NP"
3412:. Retrieved
3403:
3394:
3382:. Retrieved
3377:
3368:
3356:. Retrieved
3349:
3340:
3328:. Retrieved
3323:
3314:
3302:. Retrieved
3293:
3284:
3272:. Retrieved
3263:
3254:
3242:. Retrieved
3233:
3224:
3197:
3191:
3166:
3162:
3155:
3130:
3126:
3120:
3093:
3089:
3079:
3044:
3040:
3030:
3003:
2999:
2989:
2956:
2952:
2935:
2928:. Retrieved
2919:
2910:
2875:
2871:
2861:
2826:
2822:
2812:
2777:
2773:
2763:
2738:
2734:
2728:
2719:
2710:
2701:
2692:
2610:
2597:
2594:
2590:
2582:blood plasma
2579:
2568:
2228:Legal status
2222:Legal status
2154:License data
2099:Medical uses
2094:
2027:
2026:
2014:
2007:
2001:
1997:heterozygote
1991:of the A1AT
1986:
1977:
1975:
1953:
1949:turbidimetry
1946:
1935:
1911:carbamylated
1900:
1893:
1873:antithrombin
1862:
1855:
1853:
1818:
1768:
1764:
1733:
1725:
1719:
1715:
1702:
1635:
1619:
1608:
1594:
1592:
1579:
1577:
1564:
1560:
1559:, the third
1556:
1548:
1536:
1534:
1525:
1507:
1504:Nomenclature
1466:
1462:
1415:
1407:inflammatory
1382:
1374:
1370:
1362:
1351:
1339:
1335:
1327:
1323:
1320:-antitrypsin
1315:
1311:
1310:
1232:NP_001239498
1225:
1207:NP_001121179
1203:NP_001121178
1199:NP_001121177
1195:NP_001121176
1191:NP_001121175
1187:NP_001121174
1184:
1177:NP_001121173
1173:NP_001121172
1169:NP_001002236
1165:NP_001002235
1138:
1120:NM_001127706
1116:NM_001127705
1112:NM_001127704
1108:NM_001127703
1104:NM_001127702
1100:NM_001127701
1097:
1090:NM_001127700
1086:NM_001002236
1082:NM_001002235
1074:NM_001127707
1049:
1030:
1004:
981:
955:
936:
916:
911:
610:human kidney
606:right kidney
560:human kidney
506:
499:
465:103,739,851
452:103,729,853
226:External IDs
85:
29:
6136:Ulinastatin
6081:amino acids
6038:Fibrin glue
6029:Epinephrine
5982:Eltrombopag
5972:Romiplostim
5897:II/Thrombin
5810:Coagulation
5762:coagulation
5702:Transferrin
5681:Orosomucoid
5666:Haptoglobin
5510:Parvalbumin
5500:Lactalbumin
5392:Lactoferrin
5343:Fibronectin
5300:Plasminogen
5280:Angiostatin
5261:Transferrin
5221:Haptoglobin
5210:Orosomucoid
5178:Transcortin
5018:Transcortin
4482:PDB gallery
4178:(2): 93–8.
3544:"Prolastin"
3000:Exp Hematol
2635:Orosomucoid
2601:Recombinant
2562: g·mol
2495:100.029.919
2306:Identifiers
2191:Intravenous
2126:Trade names
2020:stands for
1936:A1AT has a
1909:toward the
1875:(a related
1779:beta sheets
1617:(14q32.1).
1494:Recombinant
552:gallbladder
548:granulocyte
364:94,390,693
351:94,376,747
204:Identifiers
6175:Categories
6033:adrenalone
5955:Etamsylate
5950:Concizumab
5940:Batroxobin
5875:extrinsic:
5820:intrinsic:
5479:Prealbumin
5441:Conalbumin
4761:inhibitory
4363:Hepatology
3216:1164833220
2953:Proteomics
2930:13 October
2687:, May 2017
2666:, May 2017
2642:References
2551:Molar mass
2428:PDB ligand
2397:F43I396OIS
2372:ChemSpider
2332:CAS Number
2315:IUPAC name
2261:Schedule D
2040:polymerise
2036:proteasome
2013:MM, where
2004:blood test
1973:gradient.
1919:arthralgia
1869:Pittsburgh
1837:methionine
1791:polymerise
1740:covalently
1650:Asparagine
1638:glycoforms
1590:1 region.
1514:covalently
1440:, such as
1430:elasticity
1389:(not just
827:hemostasis
510:(ortholog)
247:HomoloGene
6132:unsorted
6111:Aprotinin
5779:Vitamin K
5676:Hemopexin
5446:Ovalbumin
5433:Egg white
5305:Properdin
5285:Hemopexin
5215:alpha-2 (
5208:alpha-1 (
5183:alpha-2 (
5176:alpha-1 (
5098:globulins
5044:see also
5013:Ovalbumin
4907:SERPINB13
4902:SERPINB10
4850:SERPINA14
3618:"Zemaira"
3507:"Glassia"
3470:"Aralast"
3234:Drugs.com
3169:: 77–84.
2341:9041-92-3
2184:Routes of
2146:Monograph
2140:Drugs.com
2085:glutamate
2074:glutamate
1956:phenotype
1926:biomarker
1923:antigenic
1861:, termed
1787:Mutations
1769:Like all
1685:UniProtKB
1654:UniProtKB
1632:Structure
1626:Europeans
1573:globulins
1535:The term
1518:peptidase
1512:in vitro
1454:cirrhosis
1416:When the
1387:proteases
1236:NP_033269
1228:NP_033272
1161:NP_000286
1141:NM_009246
1078:NM_000295
902:Orthologs
255:GeneCards
6165:Medicine
6126:Camostat
6053:Thrombin
6024:Collagen
5933:systemic
5771:Systemic
5690:Negative
5656:Ferritin
5543:see also
5424:Albumins
5295:Factor H
4959:SERPINI2
4954:SERPINI1
4949:SERPINH1
4944:SERPING1
4939:SERPINF1
4934:SERPINE2
4929:SERPINE2
4924:SERPINE1
4919:SERPIND1
4914:SERPINC1
4897:SERPINB9
4892:SERPINB8
4887:SERPINB7
4882:SERPINB6
4877:SERPINB5
4872:SERPINB4
4867:SERPINB3
4862:SERPINB2
4857:SERPINB1
4845:SERPINA9
4840:SERPINA5
4835:SERPINA4
4830:SERPINA3
4825:SERPINA2
4820:SERPINA1
4441:SERPINA1
4435:SERPINA1
4416:Archived
4393:37875821
4385:16044402
4350:16011217
4307:15653097
4278:12464660
4235:12464659
4192:12023832
4163:12023831
4126:11202478
4097:10708851
4039:11904305
3965:34243822
3876:36559248
3825:32726075
3776:30775428
3727:10713018
3674:Archived
3630:Archived
3593:Archived
3556:Archived
3519:Archived
3482:Archived
3445:Archived
3408:Archived
3358:25 March
3330:31 March
3304:10 April
3298:Archived
3268:Archived
3238:Archived
3183:28291659
3112:10867014
3071:14985567
3022:12225788
2981:25498702
2973:16622833
2924:Archived
2902:28626366
2853:15795238
2804:25351931
2755:12475206
2683:–
2662:–
2623:See also
2571:(verify)
2352:DrugBank
2198:ATC code
2168:DailyMed
2032:genotype
1932:Analysis
1928:for RA.
1839:358 of α
1752:elastase
1712:medicine
1710:and, in
1699:Function
1689:cysteine
1681:cysteine
1605:Genetics
1549:clusters
1522:duodenum
1458:children
1352:SERPINA1
1284:Wikidata
881:Sources:
622:yolk sac
568:appendix
556:duodenum
544:monocyte
343:14q32.13
259:SERPINA1
218:SERPINA1
35:SERPINA1
18:SERPINA1
6105:serpins
5889:common:
5812:factors
5597:Amyloid
5367:Edestin
5141:alpha-2
5127:alpha-1
5117:serpins
4754:Serpins
4413:I04.001
4341:4952210
4134:2458903
4068:9466920
4031:7045697
4011:Bibcode
3994:2696185
3957:2669992
3917:4158556
3908:1932630
3867:9784676
3816:7857706
3767:6373587
3384:1 April
3274:9 April
3147:6604220
3062:1746953
2893:5473067
2844:2213124
2795:4298394
2685:Ensembl
2664:Ensembl
2617:allelic
2613:Laurell
2607:History
2512:Formula
2361:DB00058
2257: /
2253::
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2208: (
2206:B02AB02
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1960:protein
1760:elastin
1736:enzymes
1677:protein
1673:epitope
1658:glycans
1646:glycans
1642:glycans
1586:of the
1584:protein
1553:albumin
1537:alpha-1
1510:trypsin
1432:in the
1426:elastin
1403:enzymes
1399:tissues
1391:trypsin
1344:protein
1342:) is a
1018:UniProt
969:Ensembl
908:Species
887:QuickGO
614:Hindgut
485:pattern
211:Aliases
6151:Portal
5661:Fibrin
5451:Avidin
5345:(fFN:
5272:other:
5201:other:
5008:Maspin
4982:SCCA-1
4432:Human
4409:MEROPS
4391:
4383:
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4338:
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4276:
4269:151637
4266:
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4226:151639
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3680:11 May
3636:11 May
3599:11 May
3562:11 May
3525:11 May
3488:11 May
3451:11 May
3414:11 May
3244:11 May
3214:
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2408:ChEMBL
2285:℞-only
2283:
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2255:℞-only
2241:
2166:
2089:valine
2078:lysine
1989:copies
1877:serpin
1758:fiber
1708:serpin
1666:fucose
1601:-PI).
1476:. The
1348:serpin
1270:search
1268:PubMed
1055:P07758
1051:Q00897
1032:P01009
924:Entrez
656:BioGPS
626:midgut
243:891968
235:107400
6007:Local
5931:Other
5515:Ricin
5488:Other
5336:Other
5095:Serum
4389:S2CID
4130:S2CID
4035:S2CID
3961:S2CID
3707:Chest
3670:(EMA)
3626:(FDA)
3622:U.S.
3589:(FDA)
3585:U.S.
3552:(FDA)
3548:U.S.
3515:(FDA)
3511:U.S.
3478:(FDA)
3474:U.S.
3441:(FDA)
3437:U.S.
3404:(emc)
2977:S2CID
2435:KB2 (
1958:. As
1823:, an
1795:liver
1691:by a
1652:107 (
1580:alpha
1565:gamma
1557:alpha
1488:alpha
1446:liver
1434:lungs
1418:blood
1401:from
1375:alpha
1373:) or
1363:alpha
1338:, or
957:20703
917:Mouse
912:Human
883:Amigo
602:liver
536:blood
508:Mouse
501:Human
448:Start
383:Mouse
347:Start
280:Human
251:20103
5907:XIII
5825:VIII
5033:PEDF
4987:CrmA
4977:MENT
4710:9api
4695:8api
4680:7api
4665:2d26
4650:1qmb
4635:1qlp
4620:1psi
4605:1oph
4590:1oo8
4575:1kct
4560:1iz2
4545:1hp7
4530:1ezx
4515:1d5s
4500:1atu
4407:The
4381:PMID
4346:PMID
4303:PMID
4274:PMID
4231:PMID
4188:PMID
4159:PMID
4122:PMID
4093:PMID
4081:1477
4064:PMID
4027:PMID
3990:PMID
3953:PMID
3913:PMID
3872:PMID
3821:PMID
3772:PMID
3723:PMID
3682:2020
3638:2020
3601:2020
3564:2020
3527:2020
3490:2020
3453:2020
3416:2020
3386:2024
3360:2024
3332:2024
3306:2023
3276:2023
3246:2020
3212:OCLC
3202:ISBN
3179:PMID
3143:PMID
3108:PMID
3067:PMID
3018:PMID
2969:PMID
2932:2022
2898:PMID
2849:PMID
2800:PMID
2751:PMID
2526:3130
2520:2001
2438:PDBe
2388:UNII
2379:none
2136:AHFS
1995:, a
1993:gene
1845:gene
1781:and
1718:and
1611:gene
1609:The
1578:The
1561:beta
1472:and
1383:A1AP
1371:A1PI
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491:Bgee
439:Band
400:Chr.
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297:Chr.
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184:4PYW
180:9API
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132:2D26
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5878:VII
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5610:SAA
5605:SAP
4371:doi
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4328:doi
4295:doi
4291:352
4264:PMC
4256:doi
4252:110
4221:PMC
4213:doi
4209:110
4180:doi
4151:doi
4114:doi
4110:321
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