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the goal and touches the rope, or onto the deck (outside the field of play), a goal throw (to the defence) occurs, and the clock is reset (to 30 seconds). This has to be taken without delay (time limit not specified in rules). If the goalie, however, is the last to touch the ball before it goes out of play behind the goal line, or if a defender purposely sends the ball out, then the offense receives the ball for a 'corner throw' on the two meter line. From a corner, which also has to be taken without delay (again time limit not specified in the rules), the player can swim with the ball, shoot at goal or pass. Goals are also scored if shots are taken before shot clock hits 0 and/or game clock hits 00.0, provided the ball is free from the player's hands.
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after 20 seconds or a change of possession. The player who is charged with a brutality is red-carded; that team plays shorthanded for 4 minutes, and is forced to play with one fewer player than the other team for that duration. In addition to the exclusion, a penalty shot is also awarded to the opposing team if the foul occurs during actual play. Previously, the team who was charged with a brutality would be required to play the remainder of the game with one fewer player. All brutalities have to be reported by officials and further actions may be taken by the relevant governing body. These actions could include more games added onto the one-game suspension.
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player commits an exclusion (major) foul, then that team will play with one player fewer until the player is allowed to re-enter (typically 20 seconds). If a player commits a particularly violent act, such as striking a player, then the referee may signal a brutality foul, in which case that team is required to play with one fewer player in the water for 4 minutes, and the excluded player is ejected and must leave the pool area and cannot return. The excluded player may not be allowed to compete in a given number of future games depending on the governing body.
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penalty shot must immediately throw the ball with an uninterrupted motion toward the goal (i.e., without pumping or faking). The shooter's body can not at any time cross the 5 meter line until after the ball is released. If the shooter carries his body over the line and shoots the result is a turn over. If the shot does not score and the ball stays in play then play continues. Penalty shots are often successful, with 63.7% of shots being scored from them.
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exclusion (and when re-entry is thus allowed), the length of timeouts, the length of time between periods and to signal (if not done synthetically) by whistle 30 seconds before the end of quarter or half time and 15 seconds before the end of a timeout. Timekeepers are also responsible for the last minute bell: a bell (or other device - can be audible) showing one minute remaining before full-time.
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yellow line. It was brought in by FINA in 2019, and relates to the method of taking a free throw after an ordinary or exclusion foul. The '5 meter' line is where penalties are shot and it is designated by a yellow line. The '2 meter' line is designated with a red line; and no player of the attacking team can receive a ball inside this zone. Those are being used since the
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is holding the ball. If a player does push the ball underwater when it is in their possession, this is called 'ball under' and will result in a 'turnover' which means the offending player has to hand the ball over to the other team. It does not matter if the player holding the ball underwater is forced to do so by an opponent. The foul is still given against them.
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another offensive player. If the foul has been committed outside the 6 meter line, the offensive player can attempt a direct shot on goal, but the shot must be taken immediately and in one continuous motion (i.e., with no faking). If the offensive player fakes a shot and then shoots the ball, it is a turnover.
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The secretary is also responsible for keeping a record of how many personal fouls each player has. If a player receives three personal fouls, the secretary is required to hold up the red flag as indication of the player's banishment from the remainder of the match. Should the third personal foul be a
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The referees have ultimate power over decisions relating to the game, even (if necessary) overruling decisions from goal judges, secretaries or timekeepers. They have the responsibility of signalling fouls (ordinary, exclusion, misconduct and brutality), goals, penalties, timeouts, start of play, end
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For an excluded player to re-enter (or substitute to enter) improperly; e.g., without a signal from the referee (or scoring table), or not from the re-entry area, or by affecting the alignment of the goal (e.g. by lifting the rope). They are excluded (again) but only one personal foul is recorded and
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A referee signals a major foul by two short whistle bursts, then a long burst, and indicates that the player must leave the field of play and move to the penalty area for twenty seconds. The referee will first point to the player who commits the foul and will blow the whistle, then they will point to
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A substitute can enter the pool from any place during the intervals between quarters, after a goal has been scored, during a timeout and to replace an injured player; but not after a penalty. If a substitution is made during play, the head of the player leaving should be visible in the re-entry area,
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At the referee's whistle, both teams swim to midpoint of the field (known as the 'sprint' or the 'swim-off') as the referee drops the ball on to the water. Depending on the rules being played, this is either on the referee's side of the pool or in the center. In international competitions the ball is
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However, if a team shoots the ball within the allotted time, and regains control of the ball (e.g. after a rebound from the goal post), the shot clock is reset to 20 seconds. It is also reset for 20 seconds after a major (exclusion) foul, corner throw, or rebound from a penalty throw if the attacking
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The game clock is stopped when the ball is not in play (between a foul being committed and the free throw being taken, and between a goal being scored and the restart). As a result, the average quarter lasts around 12 minutes of real time. A team may not have possession of the ball for longer than 30
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The water polo cap is used to protect the players' heads and ears, and the numbers on them (1-13) make them identifiable from afar, especially by the referee(s). Both goalies wear red or red striped caps. The first choice goalkeeper is usually marked "1" with the reserve being marked "13" (under FINA
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The timekeeper (or timekeepers) have varying responsibilities depending on the equipment available. Only one is required if no 30 second clock is being used, with two being required otherwise (shot clocks are supposed to be used, but sometimes due to unavailability games are played without them). In
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Because water polo is a fast, high scoring game, several officials are required: (ideally) two referees, a secretary, two game/shot clock operator(s), and two goal judges. For many lower level games one referee and two people on the scoring table is sufficient. Game officials are broadly responsible
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An attacking player lines up on the five meter line in front of the opposing goal. No other player may be in front of him or within 2 meters of his position. The defending goalkeeper must be between the goal posts. The referee signals with a whistle and by lowering his arm, and the player taking the
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A misconduct foul is an unsportsmanlike act; these include unacceptable language, violence or persistent fouls, taking part in the game after being excluded, or showing disrespect. The player is red-carded with substitution after 20 seconds has elapsed. There are two kinds of misconduct fouls that a
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A yellow card may be issued at any point in the game and can be issued via a "walking yellow" in which the referee pulls a yellow card out without stopping live play. Following the issuance of a "walking yellow", at the next stoppage of play, the referee may pull the ball out to inform the table and
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If at any time during play a team has more players in the pool than they are allowed, a penalty is given to the opposing team. If a team starts with less than six outfield players, the referee may yellow card the coach for allowing it to happen and give a major foul to the opposition on 6 metres, if
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Timekeepers are essentially responsible for keeping record of: the current score (though this is done more officially by the secretary), the 30 second clock, the length of the quarters (at the end of each quarter they indicate this with a whistle blow if this is not done synthetically), the time of
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The goal judges are responsible for several parts of the game. These include: signalling when a goal is scored, signalling corner throws, improper re-entry (after an exclusion), to signal when play can start (at the beginning of quarters) and to signal improper restart at the beginning of quarters.
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There are always one or two referees in a game of water polo. At a higher level, two referees are virtually always used; but at lower levels, if there are limited available referees, a referee may officiate the game without another. When goal judges are not present or available, the referee(s) may
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There are quite a few other infringements that lead to an ordinary foul, including standing if there is a shallow end, delaying taking a throw (free, goal or corner), taking a penalty throw incorrectly, touching the ball with two hands (if not the goalkeeper), simulating being fouled, time-wasting,
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Players can move the ball by throwing it to a teammate or swimming with the ball in front of them. The ball can also be palmed or kicked but not punched. Players are not permitted to push the ball underwater in order to keep it from an opponent, or push or hold an opposing player unless that player
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Senior games consist of seven players from each team (six field players and a goalkeeper) that are allowed in the playing area of the pool during gameplay. FINA reduced the number of players in U20 (and younger) competitions that they sanction to six (5 field players and a goalkeeper) in 2014. If a
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will determine the winner. Five players and a goalkeeper are chosen by the coaches of each team. A player cannot be chosen if s/he is ineligible to play from receiving (i.e. 3 personal fouls or red carded). Players shoot from the 5 meter line alternately at either end of the pool in turn until all
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A flagrant misconduct foul is the NFHS/ NCAA wording of FINA's brutality. Following the issuance of a flagrant misconduct foul the player is given a red card. The penalty for a flagrant misconduct is a penalty shot followed by a 6βon-5, regardless of the team scoring off the penalty throw. Like a
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Three short whistles are blown by the referee at 45 seconds (after a prompt from the scorers on the scoring table) during the timeout, and he/she waves the attacking players forward into the opponentsβ half. At 60 seconds, the ball is thrown to the goalkeeper (usually) on the halfway line, who can
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Each team may call a variable (according to the rules being used) number of one 1-minute timeouts (USA/FINA) or 2-minute timeouts (NCAA/NFHS); and one timeout if the game goes into overtime/shootout. During game play, only the team in possession of the ball may call a timeout. Timeouts don't carry
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A goal is scored if the ball completely passes between the goal posts and is underneath the crossbar. If a shot bounces off a goal post back into the field of play, and the ball is regained by the attacking team, the shot clock is reset (to 20 seconds), and play continues. If the shot goes outside
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Water polo is an intensely aggressive sport, so fouls are very common and result in a free throw during which the player cannot shoot at the goal unless outside the 6 meter line. If a foul is called outside the 6 meter line, the player may either shoot (in one movement, ie without faking), pass or
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In an all-deep water pool, the home team starts on the left side (looking across the pool from the scoring table). The teams change ends at halftime. In a pool with a shallow end, there is a toss of a coin to decide which team starts on which side. The teams change ends at the end of two quarters.
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If a defender commits a major foul within the six meter area that prevents a likely goal, the attacking team is awarded a penalty throw or shot. This is usually when the attacking player is impeded in taking a shot at goal, from behind or the side. According to the FINA rule changes in 2019, the
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A brutality foul is called when a player kicks or strikes an opponent or official with malicious intent. The strike must make contact with the player for a brutality to be called, and must be with intent to injure. Otherwise the player is punished with a misconduct foul, with substitution allowed
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The referee indicates the foul with one short whistle blow and points one hand in the direction of the attacking team (standing roughly in line with the position of the foul), who retain possession. The attacker must make a free pass without undue delay (time period not specified in the rules) to
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A red card can be issued to any team personnel (head and assistant coaches, team managers, players, and other officials with the team) or supporters. Following the issuance of a red card, the individual must leave the pool area, and have no further contact with the game (by any method). Red cards
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The game is divided into four periods; the length depends on the level of play. There is no overtime nor ties in international water polo, and games proceed to a shootout if a victor is required. At the collegiate level there are two straight 3-minute periods; and if still tied, multiple 3-minute
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At the start of each period and after every score, teams line up on their own goal line. The most common formation is for three players to go to each side of the goal, while the goalkeeper stays in the goal. If the ball is to be thrown into the pool's center, the sprinter will often start in the
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Exceptionally, a foul may be given before either team reaches the ball. This usually occurs when a player uses the side to assist themselves gain a speed advantage (i.e. by pulling on the side to move faster). The non-offending team receives a free throw from the halfway line in such scenarios.
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The middle of the pool is designated by a white line. Before 2005, the pool was divided by 7 and 4 meter lines (distance out from the goal line). This has been merged into one 5 meter line since the 2005β2006 season, and '6 meter' line since the 2019β2020 season. The 6 meter line is marked by a
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The table officials in water polo are the timekeeper(s) and the secretary/secretaries. They are overall responsible for the timings of the game and keeping correct information regarding the events of the game, as well as informing of the players of very specific information (notably to do with
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If the same defender repeatedly makes minor fouls, referees will exclude that player for 30 seconds. To avoid an ejection, the "hole" (centre) defender may foul twice, and then have a wing defender switch with him so that the defense can continue to foul the "hole man" (centre forward) without
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There are quite a few other infringements that can lead to a penalty: a player that has been excluded interfering with the game as they exit the pool, an excluded player entering the pool without a signal from the referee (or scoring table), a player or substitute exiting or entering the pool
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Ordinary fouls occur when a player impedes or otherwise prevents the free movement of an opponent who is not holding the ball, but has it in or near their possession. The most common is when a player reaches over the shoulder of an opponent in order to knock the ball away while in the process
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After a goal is scored, the teams may line up anywhere within their own half of the pool. In practice, this is usually near the center of the pool. Play resumes when the referee signals for play to restart and the team not scoring the goal puts the ball in to play by passing it backwards to a
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Often (though not always) one timekeeper is responsible for running the shot clock. This means that he or she resets it when necessary. When this is the case, the other timekeeper is often responsible for the game clock and score. If an electronic scoreboard and game clock is being used, the
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Major fouls (exclusion and penalty fouls) are committed when the defensive player "holds (especially with two hands), sinks or pulls back" (a key phrase in water polo) the offensive player. This includes swimming on the other player's legs or back, stopping the other player from swimming, or
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The defender (usually the one that has conceded the foul) has to back off (a distance not specified in the rules, but usually taken to be 1.5β2 meters) to allow the free throw to be taken. In other words, they cannot simply hold their ground to block the offensive player. The defender, at a
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Players may be substituted in and out after goals, during timeouts, between quarters, and after injuries. During game play, players enter and exit in the corner of the pool (called the re-entry area), or in front of their goal. When play is stopped, they may enter or exit anywhere.
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The secretary (or secretaries) are responsible for keeping written accounts of notable events in the match, and at what point in the match they occur. Where necessary, the player (or players) involved in an event have their hat number and colour noted next to the event including:
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pools can be used. Minimum water depth must be least 1.8 meters (6 feet), but this is often not the case due to nature of the pool (as many have shallow ends). The goals are 3 m (9 ft 10.11 in) wide & 0.9 m (2 ft 11.43 in) high.
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Kicking or striking an opponent (or showing an intent to); if this occurs within 6 metres, a penalty throw is also awarded. The referee can decide to punish a kick or strike in this way, or with a
Misconduct or Brutality foul (see later) depending on intent, and
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the ejection corner and blow the whistle again. The player must move to their re-entry area without impacting the natural game play and in reasonable time (or a penalty is given). A player that has been ejected thrice must sit out the rest of the match.
808:(or similar device) and alert the players when the period is over with a whistle. If an electronic scoreboard is used, a synthetically produced sound is often produced at the end of periods to alert other officials and players of the end of the period.
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reasonable distance, can raise one arm to compete at the free throw. The throw (and all throws after infringements) has to be taken without delay. The maximum time period for this (also not stated in the rules) is usually taken to be about 3 seconds.
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In practice, one team usually wears dark caps and the other white (usually white for the home team, and dark for the away team for FINA). Teams may choose to wear different cap colors (e.g. their team colors). For instance,
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The game of water polo requires numerous officials. The four main categories are: referee, secretary, timekeeper and goal judge. These can again be qualified into two broader categories: game officials and table officials.
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are the rules and regulations which cover the play, procedure, equipment and officiating of water polo. These rules are similar throughout the world, although slight variations do occur regionally and depending on the
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In a game, if the ball goes out of the playing area (or hits the edge of the pool then falls back in to the water), a free throw is given to the team that did not touch the ball last before it went out of play.
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Interfering with a free, goal or corner throw; this includes the defender failing to release the ball, or throwing or moving it away; or attempting to play the ball before it has left the hand of the thrower;
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When the goalie blocks a shot, the defense may gain control of the ball, and make a long pass to a teammate who stayed on his offensive end of the pool when the rest of his team was defending. This is called
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After the change of possession, for a defending player to commit any foul anywhere in the attacking team's half of the pool; this is to prevent a foul before the attacker (or ball) has passed the halfway
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Referees have dress codes at higher (and sometimes lower) levels of water polo, and are expected to abide by this. Often, the dress code is all white, but some associations deviate this slightly.
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incorrectly (during game time, e.g., lifting the rope), a brutality foul, a coach or captain requesting a time out when not in possession of the ball, and a coach delaying the return of the ball.
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normally placed in the middle of the pool and is supported with a floating ring. The first team to recover the ball becomes the attacker until a goal is scored or the defenders recover the ball.
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Dimensions of the water polo pool are not fixed and can vary between 20Γ10 and 30Γ20 meters (FINA approved matches require a 30x20 meter pool for men, and 25x20 meter pool for women), therefore
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carry at least a one-game suspension for the offender with a report being filed to the appropriate governing authority. A red card is also given to players acquiring their second yellow card.
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The 'own goal' concept also does not exist in water polo like football (soccer). But they do occur (rarely) and then the goal is awarded to the attacking player that last touched the ball.
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Also, the referee should not pick up the ball when it is at the side of the pool during a break in play, and hand it to the attacking team - as this can lead to an advantage to that team.
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of play (to an extent), restart of play, neutral, corner and goal throws. The referee must attempt to keep to all of the rules of water polo to the governing body they are using.
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The goal judge is situated (normally sat) perfectly in line with the goal line - one at either end and usually on opposite sides. They remain seated throughout the game.
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Differing from FINA rules which require shootouts, NCAA rules require teams to play two three-minute overtime periods, and if still tied play additional three-minute
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NCAA and NFHS rules allow for three timeouts during regulation play. If the game goes into overtime, each team is allowed one timeout for the duration of overtime.
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The sport of Water Polo, as its name suggests, is played in a pool of water that resembles a soccer or hockey court, having 2 goal posts at each end of the pool.
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For an excluded player to interfere with play, or not leave immediately. Another exclusion (personal) foul is recorded on that player, and a penalty is awarded;
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The swim-off occurs only at the start of periods & after scores. There are 4 swim-offs in a game, as the game is divided into 4 quarters of 8-minutes each.
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timekeeper will update the score when necessary, and has a similar job with the game clock. If not, then the timekeeper will manually time the periods with a
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Water polo referees utilize red and yellow cards when handling bench conduct. A verbal warning may be issued depending on the severity of the infraction.
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For the defending goalkeeper to fail to take up the correct position at the taking of a penalty throw, having been ordered once to do so by the referee.
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Blocking a pass or shot with two hands inside 6 metres; if the referee thinks that this action would have prevented a goal, a penalty can be awarded;
494:. This can occur as there is no offside rule in water polo, unlike football (soccer). So a defending player can 'hang around' the opposition's goal.
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over to overtime/shootout. The penalty for calling a timeout during play without possession of the ball is a penalty foul going against the team.
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seconds without shooting for the goal unless an opponent commits an ejection foul. After 30 seconds, possession passes to the other team, and the
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The referee(s) should check the players' nails before the start of play (to prevent scratching). Goggles and jewelry are not normally allowed.
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A variation is Beach water polo, which has four players including the goal keeper, and a smaller field, and some other differing rules.
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provoking an exclusion foul. The rule was altered to allow repeated fouls without exclusions, but is often still enforced by referees.
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Depending on the availability of officials goal judges may or may not be used. Goal judges are often seen at high level competition.
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five have taken a shot. If the score is still tied, the same players shoot alternately until one team misses and the other scores.
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hindering the opponent. Offensive players may be called for a foul by pushing off a defender to provide space for a pass or shot.
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player can incur. If the incident does not involve physical (or attempted) contact, the referee can impose a
Misconduct charge.
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is reset. The clock is also reset for 30 seconds after a goal or neutral throw, or penalty in which possession is exchanged.
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referee no longer has any discretion in awarding a penalty (e.g., taking into account whether a goal was likely or not).
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overtime periods thereafter. Lower levels of play have different overtime rules depending on the organization.
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FINA Water polo rules allow for two timeouts for each team in a match. They can be taken in the same period.
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penalty foul, then the red flag should be raised and a whistle sounded by the secretary simultaneously.
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for ensuring the game runs smoothly and that correct and fair decisions relating to the game are made.
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American high school water polo plays overtime as two 3 minute periods followed by multiple 3-minute
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A two-minute break follows every period (including overtime/shootout), but there's also a 5-minute
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take their place in that they have the decision as to whether the ball has crossed the line etc.
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For NFHS, CWPA, and NCAA rules (United States) the home team is dark and the away team is white.
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goal, while the goalkeeper begins either in the goal as well, or to one side of the goal.
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1032:"Women's Water Polo World Cup 2010, Day 1: Aussie Stingers swamp Kiwis on opening night"
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before the player entering the pool can go under the rope. Neither can lift the rope.
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The layout of a water polo pool showing the 2m and 5m markings (red and yellow), the
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Referees have a variety of methods for signalling fouls, most of which are done
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are generally yellow and of varying size and weight for juniors, women and men.
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Rules and regulations covering the play, procedure, and equipment of water polo
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a penalty is awarded (if the player's team is not in possession of the ball);
390:(marked in white), a goal at either end and the length and width of the pool.
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61:, Scottish aquatics pioneer and originator of the first rules of water polo .
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Tournament hosts can modify their rules to incorporate regulation, such as
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There are several other infringements that can lead to an exclusion foul:
39:, which govern the rules for collegiate matches in the United States; the
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higher level matches sometimes there are more than two timekeepers used.
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otherwise preventing the offensive player from preserving his advantage.
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brutality foul, officials must report to their relevant governing body.
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1348:"1870β2020 | 150 years of Water Polo β Evolution of its rules"
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A water polo referee standing in front of the table officials.
35:, the international governing organization for the rules; the
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941:(in English and Chinese). ζΈ
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immediately following 4 periods of the game, or a shoot-out.
43:, which govern the rules in high schools in the USA; and the
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play the ball when another (single) long whistle is blown.
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Note: Rules below reflect the latest FINA Water Polo Rules.
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Biomechanics and
Medicine in Swimming: Swimming Science VI
1219:"2014-15 and 2015-16 Water Polo Rules and Interpretations"
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periods if the tie persists after the 2 periods of play.
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1187:"An Introduction to Water Polo | Water Polo Explained"
880:"FINA WATER POLO RULES 2019β2021 (Version 18.12.2019)"
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periods until a team scores a goal and wins the game.
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If the score is tied at the end of regulation play, a
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The two opposing teams must wear caps which contrast:
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FINA Water Polo Rules 2019β2021 (Version 18.12.2019)
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1007:"KAP7 Australia - water polo balls and equipment"
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1281:MacLaren, D.; Reilly, Thomas; Lees, A. (2005).
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92:the 6th player then joins the game illegally.
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131:rules) or "1A" (under NCAA and NFHS rules).
909:"Water Polo Rules | How to Play Water Polo"
107:with both (or either) goalkeeper cap color,
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1080:"Olympic Water Polo Rules & Officials"
1323:NCAA Water Polo 2008β09 and 2009β10 Rules
978:. Kalpaz Publications. pp. 305β315.
580:and being within two metres of the goal.
31:. Governing bodies of water polo include
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1054:"Australia's Ash Southern warms up"
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165:
162:
159:
156:
1402:
1163:"FINA Water polo pool diagram"
1093:
1071:
1046:
1023:
999:
901:
583:
1:
851:
794:
770:
65:
815:
717:
195:FINA Water Polo World League
47:, which govern the rules at
7:
1191:Swim England Water Polo Hub
839:
828:Exclusion and penalty fouls
668:
652:Five meter penalty shooting
509:
423:
10:
1746:
1339:
1287:. Spon Press. p. 97.
743:
476:
1679:
1658:
1604:
1584:
1558:
1537:
1526:
1505:
1474:
1463:
1438:
1417:
1410:
938:Sports English, Volume VI
269:
181:
1453:Blood in the Water match
1121:: CS1 maint: location (
889:. FINA. 10 February 2019
553:
374:team retain possession.
1101:"FINA water polo rules"
698:
686:
673:
98:
975:World of Sports Indoor
760:and with the aid of a
727:
653:
438:
437:The sprint (swim-off).
391:
62:
1671:Inner tube water polo
972:Taneja, Anil (2009).
846:History of water polo
725:
651:
436:
385:
57:
538:Control over conduct
501:Restart after a goal
405:2020 Summer Olympics
135:Duration of the game
113:with the ball color.
1730:Rules of water polo
1030:McKinnon, Russell.
361:Game and shot clock
1492:One-piece swimsuit
728:
654:
644:Five meter penalty
439:
392:
122:wears green caps.
63:
1717:
1716:
1654:
1653:
1600:
1599:
1461:
1460:
1294:978-0-203-47345-0
1226:arbitersports.com
985:978-81-7835-766-9
948:978-7-302-08928-5
791:personal fouls).
429:Beginning of play
358:
357:
79:Number of players
1737:
1707:
1706:
1697:
1696:
1687:
1686:
1611:
1610:
1535:
1534:
1469:
1415:
1414:
1397:
1390:
1383:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1352:
1333:
1330:
1324:
1321:
1315:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1265:
1257:
1255:
1249:. Archived from
1244:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1223:
1215:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1167:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1139:. Archived from
1133:
1127:
1126:
1120:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1017:
1003:
997:
996:
994:
992:
969:
960:
959:
957:
955:
933:
924:
923:
921:
920:
905:
899:
898:
896:
894:
884:
876:
680:penalty shootout
411:Water polo balls
226:Senior club play
211:European Leagues
163:Time each period
154:
153:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1675:
1650:
1631:Americas (ASUA)
1596:
1580:
1554:
1530:
1522:
1501:
1470:
1457:
1434:
1406:
1401:
1363:
1361:
1350:
1342:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1309:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1279:
1275:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1242:
1240:"Archived copy"
1238:
1237:
1233:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1205:
1196:
1194:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1146:
1144:
1143:on 18 June 2010
1135:
1134:
1130:
1114:
1113:
1106:
1104:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1084:
1082:
1078:Leubbers, Mat.
1076:
1072:
1062:
1060:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1037:
1035:
1028:
1024:
1015:
1013:
1005:
1004:
1000:
990:
988:
986:
970:
963:
953:
951:
949:
935:
934:
927:
918:
916:
913:Rules of Sports
907:
906:
902:
892:
890:
882:
878:
877:
866:
854:
842:
831:Timeouts called
818:
797:
788:
786:Table officials
773:
746:
737:
720:
701:
689:
676:
671:
646:
586:
561:
556:
540:
531:
512:
503:
479:
466:
464:Moving the ball
431:
426:
380:
378:Pool dimensions
363:
137:
101:
81:
68:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1743:
1733:
1732:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1701:
1691:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1673:
1668:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1617:
1615:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1541:
1539:
1532:
1531:& strategy
1524:
1523:
1521:
1520:
1518:Eggbeater kick
1515:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1471:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1448:William Wilson
1444:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1432:
1427:
1421:
1419:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1400:
1399:
1392:
1385:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1325:
1316:
1314:Snyder, p. 121
1307:
1293:
1273:
1256:on 2019-10-28.
1231:
1203:
1178:
1154:
1128:
1103:. section 11.1
1092:
1070:
1045:
1022:
1011:KAP7 Australia
998:
984:
961:
947:
925:
900:
863:
862:
861:
860:
853:
850:
849:
848:
841:
838:
833:
832:
829:
826:
817:
814:
796:
793:
787:
784:
772:
769:
745:
742:
736:
735:Game officials
733:
719:
716:
700:
697:
688:
685:
675:
672:
670:
667:
645:
642:
629:
628:
625:
621:
618:
614:
610:
607:
604:
601:
585:
582:
560:
559:Ordinary fouls
557:
555:
552:
539:
536:
530:
527:
511:
508:
502:
499:
488:cherry-picking
478:
475:
465:
462:
430:
427:
425:
422:
379:
376:
362:
359:
356:
355:
353:
350:
347:
344:
343:USA Water Polo
340:
339:
337:
332:
329:
320:
319:US High School
316:
315:
313:
308:
305:
303:Junior Varsity
300:
299:US High School
296:
295:
293:
288:
283:
282:US High School
279:
278:
276:
271:
268:
265:
261:
260:
258:
253:
250:
245:
241:
240:
238:
233:
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208:
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200:
197:
191:
190:
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183:
180:
177:
171:
170:
167:
164:
161:
158:
151:intermission.
136:
133:
115:
114:
111:
108:
100:
97:
80:
77:
76:
75:
67:
64:
59:William Wilson
49:Olympic events
29:governing body
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1742:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1710:
1702:
1700:
1692:
1690:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1647:
1646:Oceania (OSA)
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1626:Africa (CANA)
1624:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1614:Organizations
1612:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1468:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1386:
1384:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1360:
1356:
1349:
1344:
1343:
1332:Snyder, p. 14
1329:
1320:
1311:
1296:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1277:
1269:
1263:
1252:
1248:
1241:
1235:
1227:
1220:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1192:
1188:
1182:
1164:
1158:
1142:
1138:
1132:
1124:
1118:
1102:
1096:
1081:
1074:
1059:
1055:
1049:
1033:
1026:
1012:
1008:
1002:
987:
981:
977:
976:
968:
966:
950:
944:
940:
939:
932:
930:
914:
910:
904:
888:
881:
875:
873:
871:
869:
864:
859:
856:
855:
847:
844:
843:
837:
830:
827:
824:
823:
822:
813:
809:
807:
801:
792:
783:
780:
776:
768:
765:
763:
759:
754:
750:
741:
732:
724:
715:
713:
708:
706:
696:
694:
684:
681:
666:
662:
658:
650:
641:
637:
633:
626:
622:
619:
615:
611:
608:
605:
602:
599:
598:
597:
594:
590:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
551:
547:
543:
535:
529:Substitutions
526:
522:
519:
516:
507:
498:
495:
493:
489:
483:
474:
470:
461:
458:
455:
451:
447:
443:
435:
421:
418:
414:
412:
408:
406:
400:
397:
389:
388:half-way line
384:
375:
371:
369:
354:
351:
348:
346:14 and unders
345:
342:
341:
338:
336:
333:
330:
328:
324:
321:
318:
317:
314:
312:
309:
306:
304:
301:
298:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
281:
280:
277:
275:
272:
266:
263:
262:
259:
257:
254:
251:
249:
246:
243:
242:
239:
237:
234:
231:
228:
225:
224:
221:
219:
216:
213:
210:
209:
206:
204:
201:
198:
196:
193:
192:
189:
187:
184:
178:
176:
173:
172:
157:Level of play
155:
152:
150:
145:
143:
132:
128:
126:
123:
121:
112:
109:
106:
105:
104:
96:
93:
89:
85:
73:
70:
69:
60:
56:
52:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
25:
24:
1641:Europe (LEN)
1621:World (FINA)
1429:
1362:. Retrieved
1354:
1328:
1319:
1310:
1298:. Retrieved
1283:
1276:
1251:the original
1247:www.fina.org
1246:
1234:
1225:
1195:. Retrieved
1193:. 2017-01-10
1190:
1181:
1169:. Retrieved
1157:
1145:. Retrieved
1141:the original
1131:
1105:. Retrieved
1095:
1083:. Retrieved
1073:
1061:. Retrieved
1057:
1048:
1036:. Retrieved
1025:
1014:. Retrieved
1010:
1001:
989:. Retrieved
974:
952:. Retrieved
937:
917:. Retrieved
915:. 2020-05-06
912:
903:
891:. Retrieved
886:
834:
825:Goals scored
819:
810:
802:
798:
789:
781:
777:
774:
766:
755:
751:
747:
738:
729:
712:sudden death
709:
705:sudden death
702:
693:sudden death
690:
677:
663:
659:
655:
638:
634:
630:
595:
591:
587:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
548:
544:
541:
532:
523:
520:
517:
513:
504:
496:
491:
487:
484:
480:
471:
467:
459:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
419:
415:
409:
401:
396:short course
393:
372:
364:
146:
138:
129:
127:
124:
116:
102:
94:
90:
86:
82:
71:
20:
18:
1709:WikiProject
1636:Asia (AASF)
1497:Swim briefs
1063:24 February
1058:Olympic.org
1038:24 February
584:Major fouls
349:5β7 minutes
331:5β6 minutes
142:golden goal
1666:Canoe polo
1659:Variations
1592:Goalkeeper
1585:Goalkeeper
1566:Man-to-man
1506:Techniques
1404:Water polo
1197:2023-05-11
1016:2021-11-22
919:2020-09-28
893:20 January
852:References
795:Timekeeper
771:Goal judge
506:teammate.
492:seagulling
368:shot-clock
264:US College
244:US College
160:Team level
66:Core rules
23:water polo
1606:Geography
1528:Positions
1513:Dribbling
1475:Equipment
816:Secretary
806:stopwatch
718:Officials
407:in 2021.
327:Sophomore
307:6 minutes
270:7 minutes
252:8 minutes
232:9 minutes
182:8 minutes
166:Authority
21:rules of
1724:Category
1689:Category
1550:Hole set
1425:Glossary
1364:16 April
1355:fina.org
1300:21 April
1262:cite web
1117:cite web
1107:29 April
1085:26 April
991:21 April
954:21 April
887:fina.org
840:See also
669:Overtime
510:Timeouts
424:Gameplay
323:Freshman
199:National
179:National
175:Olympics
149:halftime
1699:Commons
1559:Defense
1538:Offense
1440:History
1418:General
1340:Sources
762:whistle
758:by hand
744:Referee
617:effect;
477:Scoring
286:Varsity
248:Varsity
1576:M-drop
1545:Driver
1411:Basics
1291:
1171:11 May
1147:11 May
1034:. FINA
982:
945:
352:USAWPR
169:Notes
1430:Rules
1351:(PDF)
1254:(PDF)
1243:(PDF)
1222:(PDF)
1166:(PDF)
883:(PDF)
613:line;
554:Fouls
1571:Zone
1482:Ball
1366:2021
1359:FINA
1302:2012
1289:ISBN
1268:link
1173:2023
1149:2023
1123:link
1109:2012
1087:2012
1065:2014
1040:2014
993:2012
980:ISBN
956:2012
943:ISBN
895:2020
699:NFHS
687:NCAA
674:FINA
335:NFHS
311:NFHS
291:NFHS
274:CWPA
267:Club
256:CWPA
236:FINA
229:Club
214:Club
203:FINA
186:FINA
99:Caps
41:NFHS
37:NCAA
33:FINA
19:The
1487:Cap
490:or
218:LEN
45:IOC
1726::
1357:.
1353:.
1264:}}
1260:{{
1245:.
1224:.
1206:^
1189:.
1119:}}
1115:{{
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1304:.
1270:)
1228:.
1200:.
1175:.
1151:.
1125:)
1111:.
1089:.
1067:.
1042:.
1019:.
995:.
958:.
922:.
897:.
325:/
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
