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844:, in which he asked for an independent review of McCallum's conviction. "I request only that McCallum be granted a full hearing by the Brooklyn conviction integrity unit, now under the auspices of the new district attorney, Ken Thompson. Knowing what I do, I am certain that when the facts are brought to light, Thompson will recommend his immediate release ... Just as my own verdict 'was predicated on racism rather than reason and on concealment rather than disclosure', as Sarokin wrote, so too was McCallum's", Carter wrote. On October 15, 2014, McCallum was exonerated. John Artis died of an
306:, United States. Shortly after the killings at 2:30 am, a car, carrying Carter, Artis, and a third man, was stopped by police outside the bar while its occupants were on their way home from a nearby nightclub. They were allowed to go on their way but, after dropping off the third man, Carter and Artis were stopped and arrested while they were passing the bar a second time, 45 minutes later. In 1967, they were convicted of all three murders, and given life sentences. Their sentences were overturned in 1985. Prosecutors appealed to the
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examinations whether any bribes or inducements were offered to Bello to secure his recantation, which Hogan denied. His original handwritten notes on his conversations with Bello were entered into evidence. The defense also pointed out the inconsistencies in the testimony of
Patricia Valentine, and read the 1967 testimony of William Marins, who had died in 1973, noting that his descriptions of the shooters were drastically different from Artis and Carter's actual appearances.
593:, focused on inconsistencies in the evidence given by eyewitnesses Marins and Bello. He also produced witnesses who confirmed Carter and Artis were still in the Nite Spot at the time of the shootings. The all-white jury convicted both men of first-degree murder, with a recommendation of mercy, so that they were not sentenced to death. Judge Samuel Larner imposed one concurrent and two consecutive life sentences on Carter, and three concurrent life sentences on Artis.
408:
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place for Rubin. He needs treatment. I don't want to do anything to hurt him". Passaic County Judge
William Marchese held hearings on the incident in July 1976 and changed the terms of Carter's bail after determining that the assault had occurred. Mae Thelma Basket, whom Carter had married in 1963, divorced him after their second child was born, because she found out that he had been unfaithful to her.
562:
had insufficient time to bring in an expert to administer the tests. He did arrange for an expert to conduct lie detector tests, which they passed. In 1976, a second report was discovered, claiming they failed. After 17 hours of interrogation, they were released. Carter and Artis voluntarily appeared before a grand jury, which found there was no case to answer.
472:) in 1964, before meeting Giardello in Philadelphia for a 15-round championship match on December 14. Carter landed a few solid rights to the head in the fourth round that left Giardello staggering, but was unable to follow them up, and Giardello took control of the fight in the fifth round. The judges decided unanimously in favor of Giardello.
45:
419:, but he fought all of his professional career at 155–160 lb (70–72.6 kg). His aggressive style and punching power (resulting in many early-round knockouts) drew attention, establishing him as a crowd favorite and earning him the nickname "Hurricane". After he defeated a number of middleweight contenders—such as
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blue background and orange lettering. Another neighbor, Ronald
Ruggiero, also heard the shots, and said that, from his window, he saw Alfred Bello running west on Lafayette Street toward 16th Street. He then heard the screech of tires and saw a white car shoot past, heading west, with two black males in the front seat.
823:. At the time, doctors gave him between three and six months to live. Beginning shortly after that time, John Artis lived with and cared for Carter, and on April 20, 2014, he confirmed that Carter, at the age of 76, had succumbed to his illness. He was afterwards cremated and his ashes were scattered in part over
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Prosecutors therefore could have tried Carter (and Artis) a third time, but decided not to, and filed a motion to dismiss the original indictments. "It is just not legally feasible to sustain a prosecution, and not practical after almost 22 years to be trying anyone", said New Jersey
Attorney General
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in 1981. Carter's attorneys continued to appeal. In 1982, the
Supreme Court of New Jersey affirmed his convictions (4–3). Although the justices felt that the prosecutors should have disclosed Harrelson's oral opinion (about Bello's location at the time of the murders) to the defense, only a minority
654:
unanimously held that the evidence of various deals made between the prosecution and witnesses Bello and
Bradley should have been disclosed to the defense before or during the 1967 trial as this could have "affected the jury's evaluation of the credibility" of the eyewitnesses. "The defendants' right
642:
During the hearing on the recantations, defense attorneys also argued that Bello and
Bradley had lied during the 1967 trial, telling the jurors that they had made only certain narrow, limited deals with prosecutors in exchange for their trial testimony. A detective taped one interrogation of Bello in
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The rental car had been impounded when Carter and Artis were arrested, and retained by police. Five days after their release a detective reported that on searching it again he discovered two unfired rounds, one .32 caliber, the other 12-gauge. Neither matched those retrieved from the victims; the .32
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Having dropped off
Royster, Carter was now being driven home by Artis; they were stopped again at 3:00 AM, and ordered to follow the police to the station, where they were arrested. However, variances in descriptions given by Valentine and Bello, the physical characteristics of the attackers provided
553:
Valentine initially stated the car had rear lights which lit up completely like butterflies. At the retrial in 1976, she changed this to an accurate description of Carter's car, which had conventional tail-lights with aluminum decoration in a butterfly shape. This aligned with that provided by Bello;
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Valentine lived above the bar, and heard the shots. Like Bello, she reported seeing two black men leave the bar, then get into a white car. They reportedly described it as white, with "a geometric design, sort of a butterfly type design in the back of the car", and New York state license plates, with
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prosecutors had tried to pressure her into testifying against Carter. Prosecutors denied the charge. After deliberating for almost nine hours, the jury again found Carter and Artis guilty of the murders. Judge
Leopizzi re-imposed the same sentences on both men: a double life sentence for Carter, a
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However, Harrelson also reported orally that Bello had been inside the bar shortly before and at the time of the shooting, a conclusion that contradicted Bello's 1967 trial testimony wherein he had said that he had been on the street at the time of the shooting. Despite this oral report, Harrelson's
533:
Bello later admitted he was in the area acting as a lookout while an accomplice, Arthur
Bradley, broke into a nearby warehouse. At the time, he claimed to have discovered the bodies when he entered the bar to buy cigarettes; it also transpired that he took the opportunity to empty the cash register,
585:
Asked to account for these differences at the trial, the prosecution produced a second report, allegedly lodged 75 minutes after the murders which recorded the two rounds. They were unable to explain why, having that evidence, the police released the men, or why the standard 'bag and tag' procedure
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Prosecutor John P. Goceljak said several factors made a retrial impossible, including Bello's "current unreliability" as a witness and the unavailability of other witnesses. Goceljak also doubted whether the prosecution could reintroduce the racially motivated crime theory due to the federal court
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Forensics later established the victims were shot by a .32-caliber pistol and a 12-gauge shotgun, although the weapons were never found. There was no forensic evidence linking Carter or Artis to the murders. While gun residue tests were commonly used, DeSimone, the lead detective, later claimed he
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reported the alleged beating in a front-page story several weeks later, and celebrity support for Carter quickly eroded, though Carter denied the accusation. Kelley declined to pursue charges, stating that she felt Carter needed help, stating "I don't want to press charges because jail is not the
702:
According to bail bondswoman Carolyn Kelley, in 1975–1976 she helped raise funds to win a second trial for Carter, which resulted in his release on bail in March 1976. On a fund-raising trip the following month, Kelley said the boxer beat her (Kelley weighed 112 pounds at the time of the alleged
573:
Several months later, Bello changed his story, after the police discovered why he was in the area, and his theft from the cash register. He positively identified Artis as one of the attackers, while Bradley now came forward to claim Carter was the other; based on this, the two were arrested and
529:
Ten minutes after the murders, around 2:40 AM, a police cruiser stopped Carter and Artis in a rental car, returning from a night out at the Nite Spot, a nearby bar. Carter was in the back, with Artis driving, and a third man, John Royster, in the passenger seat. The police recognised Carter, a
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The defense responded with testimony from multiple witnesses who identified Carter at the locations he claimed to be when the murders took place. Investigator Fred Hogan, whose efforts had led to the recantations of Bello and Bradley, appeared as a defense witness. Hogan was asked on cross
491:. Tiger, in particular, floored Carter three times in their match. "It was", Carter said, "the worst beating that I took in my life—inside or outside the ring". During his visit to London to fight Scott, Carter was involved in an incident in which a shot was fired in his hotel room.
678:
During the new trial in 1976, Alfred Bello repeated his 1967 testimony, identifying Carter and Artis as the two armed men he had seen outside the Lafayette Grill. Bradley refused to cooperate with prosecutors, and neither prosecution nor defense called him as a witness.
666:—once by Leonard H. Harrelson and a second time by Richard Arther, both well-known and respected experts in the field. Both men concluded that Bello was telling the truth when he said that he had seen Carter outside the Lafayette immediately after the murders.
586:
was not followed. They also argued that, since the expended rounds retrieved at the scene were also a mixture, the fact that the two rounds did not match was meaningless; what did matter was they were the same caliber as those used in the shootings.
601:
In 1974, Bello and Bradley withdrew their identifications of Carter and Artis, and these recantations were used as the basis for a motion for a new trial. Judge Samuel Larner denied the motion on December 11, saying they "lacked the ring of truth".
728:
granted the writ, noting that the prosecution had been "predicated upon an appeal to racism rather than reason, and concealment rather than disclosure", and set aside the convictions. Carter, 48 years old, was freed without bail in November 1985.
359:. The series was based on interviews which were conducted with survivors, case notes which were taken during the original investigations, and 40 hours of recorded interviews of Carter by the author Ken Klonsky, who cited them in his 2011 book
399:. While in Germany, Carter began to box for the Army. He was discharged in 1956 as unfit for service, after four courts-martial. Shortly after his discharge, he returned home to New Jersey, was convicted of two muggings and sent to prison.
736:
and filed a motion with the court to return Carter to prison pending the outcome of the appeal. The court denied this motion and eventually upheld Sarokin's opinion, affirming his Brady analysis without commenting on his other rationale.
783:
In 1996, Carter, then 59, was arrested when Toronto police mistakenly identified him as a suspect in his thirties believed to have sold drugs to an undercover officer. He was released after the police realized their error.
526:; a third customer, Willie Marins, survived the attack, despite a head wound that blinded him in one eye. When questioned, both told police the shooters had been black males, but neither identified Carter or John Artis.
897:
in the lead role as Carter. The film is about Rubin Carter's accusation, trials, and time spent in prison. Carter later discussed at a lecture how he fell in love with Washington's portrayal of him during auditions for
530:
well-known and controversial local figure, but let him go. Minutes later, the same officers solicited a description of the getaway car from two eyewitnesses outside the bar, Patricia "Patty" Valentine and Alfred Bello.
444:
He fought six times in 1963, winning four bouts and losing two. He remained ranked in the lower part of the top 10 until December 20, when he surprised the boxing world by flooring past and future world champion
643:
1966, and when it was played during the recantation hearing, defense attorneys argued that the tape revealed promises beyond that to which Bello had testified. If so, prosecutors had either had a
3306:
498:. Carter's career ended short with a record of 27 wins with 19 total knockouts (8 KOs and 11 TKOs), 12 losses, and one draw in 40 fights. He received an honorary championship title belt from the
522:, and began shooting. The bartender, James Oliver, and a customer, Fred Nauyoks, were killed immediately. Hazel Tanis died in a hospital a month later, having suffered multiple wounds from
773:(AIDWYC) from 1993 until 2005. Carter resigned when the AIDWYC declined to support Carter's protest of the appointment to a judgeship of Susan MacLean, who was the prosecutor of Canadian
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915:
699:
thought this was material. The majority thus concluded that the prosecution had not withheld information the Brady disclosure law required them to provide to the defense.
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in 1937, the fourth of seven children. He later admitted to a troubled relationship with his father, a strict disciplinarian; at the age of eleven, he was sentenced to a
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725:
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man who had been incarcerated since 1985 on charges of murder. Two months before his death, Carter published "Hurricane Carter's Dying Wish", an opinion piece in the
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to a fair trial was substantially prejudiced", said Justice Mark Sullivan. The court set aside the original convictions and granted Carter and Artis a new trial.
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After his release from prison in September 1961, Carter became a professional boxer. At 5 ft 8 in (1.73 m), Carter was shorter than the average
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decided to try Carter and Artis again. To ensure, as best he could, that he did not use perjured testimony to obtain a conviction, Humphreys had Bello
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by the two survivors, lack of forensic evidence, and the timeline provided by the police were key factors in the conviction being overturned in 1985.
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first listed him as one of its Top 10 middleweight contenders in July 1963. At the end of 1965, they ranked him as the number five middleweight.
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for assault, having stabbed a man who he alleged had tried to sexually assault him. Carter escaped from the reformatory in 1954 and joined the
881:, Dylan talked about his involvement with the Carter case and Carter was also interviewed in the film, describing his relationship with Dylan.
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4418:
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302:
In 1966, Carter, and his co-accused, John Artis, were arrested for a triple homicide which was committed at the Lafayette Bar and Grill in
339:
as Carter. From 1993 to 2005, Carter served as executive director of the Association in Defence of the Wrongly Convicted, later renamed
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and encountered the police as he exited. At the trial, he testified he was approaching the Lafayette when two black males, one with a
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lent his support to the campaign (including publicly wishing Carter good luck on his appeal during his appearance on
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to disclose this additional exculpatory evidence, or a duty to disclose that their witnesses had lied on the stand.
502:
in 1993 (as did Joey Giardello at the same banquet) and was later inducted into the New Jersey Boxing Hall of Fame.
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554:
the prosecution later suggested the confusion was the result of a misreading of a court transcript by the defense.
20:
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635:" (1975), which declared that Carter was innocent. On December 7, 1975, Dylan performed the song at a concert at
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round was brass, rather than copper, while the shotgun shell was an older model, with a different wad and color.
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613:
organized a campaign on Carter's behalf, which led to increasing public support for a retrial or pardon. Boxer
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388:
2463:"The Hurricane: the facts of Rubin Carter's life story are beaten to a pulp | Film | The Guardian"
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began to decline. He fought nine times in 1965, winning five but losing three of four against contenders
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3718:
3618:""Rolling Thunder Revue," Reviewed: Martin Scorsese's Slippery Chronicle of Bob Dylan in Concert"
2925:
2482:
903:
777:, who served over eighteen years in prison for rape and murder until exonerated by DNA evidence.
636:
518:
At approximately 2:30 a.m. on June 17, 1966, two men entered the Lafayette Bar and Grill in
4122:
868:", which proclaimed that Carter was innocent. Carter appeared as himself in Dylan's 1978 movie
659:
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494:
Carter's last fight was on August 5, 1966, against Juan Carlos Rivero. He lost the fight via
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rulings. A judge granted the motion to dismiss, bringing an end to the legal proceedings.
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464:'s world middleweight title. Carter won two more fights (one a decision over future
4356:
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4005:
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542:, came around the corner. He ran from them, and they got into a white car that was
340:
267:
799:(Brisbane, Queensland, Australia), in recognition of his work with AIDWYC and the
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4201:
4150:
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3971:
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3758:"Doubts, errors, unknowns still haunt the case of 'Hurricane' Carter, John Artis"
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195:
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In the months leading up to his death, Carter had worked for the exoneration of
670:
subsequent written report stated that Bello's 1967 testimony had been truthful.
44:
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3597:"Renaldo Clara (1978) 'Renaldo and Clara,' Film by Bob Dylan:Rolling Thunder"
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1708:
907:
717:
432:
428:
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3307:"Queensville Journal; Jailed in Killing, He's Guilty Only of Being a Misfit"
791:. On October 14, 2005, he received two honorary Doctorates of Law, one from
565:
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27:
3457:
Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons, 3d ed
578:
10,500 reward offered for catching the killers, though it was never paid.
4277:
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4223:
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4174:
4140:
4128:
4108:
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3771:"Two in Court Recant 1967 Testimony That Helped Convict Carter and Artis"
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1802:
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914:
all vied for the role. For his performance as Carter, Washington won the
780:
Carter's second marriage was to Lisa Peters. The couple separated later.
610:
465:
424:
769:, where he became a Canadian citizen, and was executive director of the
658:
Despite the difficulties of prosecuting a ten-year-old case, Prosecutor
4253:
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3924:
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3843:
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815:
In March 2012, while attending the International Justice Conference in
484:
2335:
569:
East Jersey State Prison, formerly Rahway, where Carter was imprisoned
4209:
4098:
3496:"Rubin (Hurricane) Carter, Boxer Found Wrongly Convicted, Dies at 76"
3337:"World News Briefs; American Boxer May Sue Toronto Police for Arrest"
2380:"Rubin 'Hurricane' Carter still fighting long after boxing days pass"
861:
663:
624:
523:
322:
3831:
2904:"1975 rolling Thunder by ellan Revue, 7 December 1975, Trenton Jail"
2483:"Newsmaker / Rubin 'Hurricane' Carter: Film of his life a contender"
4205:
3403:"Rubin (Hurricane) Carter faces a lonely last fight against cancer"
3362:
3003:"An Ex-Associate of Rubin Carter Charges 'Pressure' by Prosecution"
835:
824:
3700:
Lazarus and the Hurricane: The Freeing of Rubin "Hurricane" Carter
3575:"John Artis, Convicted with Rubin (Hurricane) Carter, Dies at 75"
766:
762:
574:
indicted. Bello later claimed that in return he was promised the
535:
407:
350:
87:
2642:"Supreme Court Refuses to Revive Hurricane Carter's Murder Case"
3856:
3835:
3284:"Rubin 'Hurricane' Carter continues to stand for what is right"
695:
539:
3643:"Dare To Dream: Rubin "Hurricane" Carter Shares His Thoughts"
2753:
2751:
2749:
686:
The court also heard testimony from a Carter associate that
878:
Rolling Thunder Revue: A Bob Dylan Story by Martin Scorsese
726:
United States District Court for the District of New Jersey
716:
In 1985, Carter's attorneys filed a petition for a writ of
317:, written while he was in prison, was published in 1974 by
2746:
310:, but declined to retry the case after the appeal failed.
3238:"Judge Drops Murder Charges in the Hurricane Carter Case"
3174:"U.S. Court Refuses to Order Rubin Carter Back to Prison"
347:
3791:
Rubin "Hurricane" Carter and the American Justice System
3084:"Woman claims 'Hurricane' movie left out boxer's attack"
2976:"Rubin Carter Jury Hears Investigator Deny Bribe Offers"
916:
Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama
287:(May 6, 1937 – April 20, 2014) was an American-Canadian
2290:
Navy-Marine Corps Mem. Stadium, Annapolis, Maryland, US
19:
For the American Football player of the same name, see
4484:
Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by New Jersey
3681:
Eye of the Hurricane: My Path from Darkness to Freedom
460:
s ranking of Carter as the number three contender for
3056:
Rhoden, William; Levine, Richard (August 22, 1982).
2785:
2783:
2770:
2768:
2766:
650:
Larner denied this second argument as well, but the
1132:
Honolulu International Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, US
2883:
2409:
1948:Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, US
1918:Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, US
1852:Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, US
1817:Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, US
1785:Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, US
1753:Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, US
1723:Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, US
1661:Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, US
1594:Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, US
1480:Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, US
1321:Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, US
703:beating) severely over a disputed hotel bill. The
3739:Hurricane: The Miraculous Journey of Rubin Carter
2867:"Microsoft Word - Valentine 1967 Trial Testi.doc"
2780:
2763:
2306:List of wrongful convictions in the United States
291:boxer, wrongfully convicted and imprisoned for
4370:
2847:
2835:. Hurricane Carter - The Other Side of the Story
2506:. New Jersey Boxing Hall of Fame. Archived from
2260:American Legion Arena, Reading, Pennsylvania, US
3110:
2047:St. Nicholas Arena, New York City, New York, US
2014:St. Nicholas Arena, New York City, New York, US
1981:St. Nicholas Arena, New York City, New York, US
1512:Convention Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US
1256:Olympic Auditorium, Los Angeles, California, US
771:Association in Defence of the Wrongly Convicted
673:
4429:American people wrongfully convicted of murder
3891:
3807:
3697:
3615:
3146:"Court Urged to Return Rubin Carter to Prison"
2757:
1418:Royal Albert Hall, Kensington, London, England
1386:Royal Albert Hall, Kensington, London, England
3877:
3591:
2901:
2230:Alhambra A.C., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US
934:
732:Prosecutors appealed Sarokin's ruling to the
346:In 2019, the case was the focus of a 13-part
3055:
2373:
2371:
810:
4469:Overturned convictions in the United States
4444:Canadian people of African-American descent
3482:"Boxer Rubin "Hurricane" Carter Dies at 76"
2926:"826 F2d 1299 Carter v. J Rafferty I Artis"
1224:Wembley Stadium, Johannesburg, South Africa
1102:Orlando Stadium, Johannesburg, South Africa
803:. Carter received the Abolition Award from
4394:20th-century African-American sportspeople
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3870:
3658:
3304:
2928:. OpenJurist. 21 August 1987. p. 1299
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720:in federal court. Later that year, Judge
639:, where Carter was temporarily an inmate.
43:
4494:American sportspeople convicted of crimes
3429:"Rubin "Hurricane" Carter has died at 76"
3377:"Wrongly convicted boxer's cancer battle"
3028:McFadden, Robert D. (December 15, 1981).
2949:"Testimony Supports Rubin Carter's Alibi"
2411:"Rubin 'The Hurricane' Carter - obituary"
2368:
2200:Gladiators' Arena, Totowa, New Jersey, US
2170:Gladiators' Arena, Totowa, New Jersey, US
1691:Civic Arena, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US
1629:Civic Arena, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US
1562:Sports Arena, Los Angeles, California, US
1162:Civic Arena, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US
827:and in part at a horse farm in Kentucky.
295:, until released following a petition of
4474:People convicted of murder by New Jersey
3716:
3548:"Exonerated and Set Free After 29 Years"
3213:"Jersey Ends Move to Retry Rubin Carter"
3027:
2973:
2946:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2140:State Garden, Union City, New Jersey, US
2110:State Garden, Union City, New Jersey, US
922:. Washington was also nominated for the
795:(Toronto, Ontario, Canada) and one from
564:
509:
505:
406:
4046:, Sam Chaiton, and Terry Swinton (1999)
3723:Hurricane found peace at storm's center
3572:
3305:Farnsworth, Clyde H. (April 11, 1995).
3286:. Injusticebusters.org. August 13, 2004
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2402:
2400:
848:on November 7, 2021, at the age of 75.
819:, Carter revealed that he had terminal
711:
620:The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson
449:twice in the first round and scoring a
4371:
3736:
3678:
3453:
2974:Maitland, Leslie (December 10, 1976).
2947:Maitland, Leslie (December 12, 1976).
2889:
2740:
2665:
2528:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2377:
1194:Aragon Ballroom, Chicago, Illinois, US
596:
475:After that fight, Carter's ranking in
4499:Sportspeople from Clifton, New Jersey
4454:Deaths from prostate cancer in Canada
3865:
3755:
3698:Chaiton, Sam; Swinton, Terry (2000).
3266:"Rubin "Hurricane" Carter dead at 76"
3154:. Associated Press. December 20, 1985
2789:
2697:
2679:"Rubin 'Hurricane' Carter dead at 76"
2350:"Rubin 'Hurricane' Carter dead at 76"
926:for his performance as Carter at the
851:
4424:American people convicted of robbery
4419:American people convicted of assault
4404:American convicts who became writers
3788:
3768:
3645:, 3MoreRounds.com, February 22, 2011
3363:"Death Penalty Focus Awards Records"
3210:
3180:. Associated Press. January 19, 1986
3000:
2853:
2774:
2639:
2582:
2426:
2397:
756:
3585:
3104:
2918:
2812:621 F. Supp. 533, 534 (D.N.J. 1985)
2489:
2436:Houston, Frank (24 December 1999).
2077:Armory, Jersey City, New Jersey, US
1885:Armory, Jersey City, New Jersey, US
744:, which declined to hear the case.
13:
3211:Raab, Selwyn (February 20, 1988).
2902:Bjorner, Olof (October 20, 2015).
2833:"Carter Artis arrest report, 1966"
14:
4520:
3825:
3769:Raab, Selwyn (October 30, 1974).
3573:Roberts, Sam (12 November 2021).
3001:Raab, Selwyn (October 14, 1976).
2640:Raab, Selwyn (January 12, 1988).
2563:"Joey Giardello vs. Rubin Carter"
2542:"Emile Griffith vs. Rubin Carter"
299:after almost 20 years in prison.
179:5 ft 8 in (1.73 m)
4489:Sportspeople convicted of murder
3616:Brody, Richard (June 14, 2019).
3454:Wilson, Scott (19 August 2016).
2718:. March 29, 1976. Archived from
2588:Twenty and Out: A Life in Boxing
2422:from the original on 2022-01-12.
1448:Palais des Sports, Paris, France
1354:Armory, Paterson, New Jersey, US
740:The prosecutors appealed to the
691:single life sentence for Artis.
402:
383:. A few months after completing
266:
21:Rubin Carter (American football)
3635:
3609:
3566:
3540:
3522:"Hurricane Carter's Dying Wish"
3514:
3488:
3474:
3447:
3421:
3395:
3369:
3355:
3329:
3298:
3276:
3258:
3230:
3204:
3192:
3166:
3138:
3135:, 826 F.2d 1299 (3rd Cir. 1987)
3126:
3076:
3049:
3021:
2994:
2967:
2940:
2895:
2859:
2825:
2734:
2671:
2659:
2608:
2576:
2555:
2534:
631:) and performed a song called "
435:—the boxing world took notice.
313:Carter's autobiography, titled
4464:Naturalized citizens of Canada
3832:Boxing record for Rubin Carter
3756:Kelly, Mike (March 26, 2000).
3111:Michael Carlson (1937-05-06).
3058:"Rubin Carter's Plea Rejected"
2522:
2475:
2455:
2342:
2328:
1072:Sports Arena, Toledo, Ohio, US
987:
734:Third Circuit Court of Appeals
321:. The story inspired the 1975
1:
4449:Deaths from cancer in Ontario
2321:
366:
4409:American emigrants to Canada
3793:. Rutgers University Press.
3741:. Houghton Mifflin Company.
969:
966:
958:
955:
924:Academy Award for Best Actor
674:Second conviction and appeal
7:
4509:United States Army soldiers
4504:Supreme Court of New Jersey
3313:. p. 4. Archived from
2299:
817:Burswood, Western Australia
742:United States Supreme Court
10:
4525:
3893:USC Scripter Awards – Film
3683:. Chicago: Lawrence Hill.
3661:"Rubin "Hurricane" Carter"
3652:
2504:"Rubin Carter 'Hurricane'"
2276:
2246:
2216:
2186:
2156:
2126:
2093:
2063:
2030:
1997:
1964:
1934:
1901:
1868:
1833:
1801:
1769:
1739:
1707:
1677:
1645:
1610:
1578:
1545:
1496:
1464:
1434:
1402:
1370:
1337:
1305:
1272:
1240:
1210:
1178:
1148:
1118:
1088:
1056:
1026:
935:Professional boxing record
25:
18:
16:American boxer (1937–2014)
4315:
4184:
4139:, Timothy J. Sexton, and
4053:
3934:
3899:
3762:The Record (North Jersey)
3719:"Sportscentury Biography"
977:
856:Carter's story inspired:
846:Abdominal aortic aneurysm
811:Prostate cancer and death
787:Carter often served as a
605:Despite Larner's ruling,
265:
260:
256:
252:
244:
236:
228:
220:
212:
205:
201:
191:
183:
175:
163:
156:
148:
141:
133:
112:
95:
76:
54:
42:
35:
3702:. St. Martin's Griffin.
920:57th Golden Globe Awards
748:W. Cary Edwards. Acting
652:New Jersey Supreme Court
361:The Eye of the Hurricane
187:72 in (183 cm)
26:Not to be confused with
4399:African-American boxers
4137:Mark Fergus, Hawk Ostby
3839:(registration required)
3552:The Wall Street Journal
2710:"The Seventeenth Round"
1289:Armory, Akron, Ohio, US
904:Marvelous Marvin Hagler
705:Philadelphia Daily News
453:. That win resulted in
4434:Boxers from New Jersey
3737:Hirsch, James (2000).
3679:Carter, Rubin (2011).
3201:, 484 U.S. 1011 (1988)
2438:"Storm of the century"
2378:McLaughlin, Eliott C.
2336:"BoxRec: Rubin Carter"
694:Artis was released on
660:Burrell Ives Humphreys
609:advertising executive
570:
515:
412:
4272:Tarell Alvin McCraney
4147:Joel Coen, Ethan Coen
3789:Wice, Paul B (2000).
1466:Luis Manuel Rodríguez
1242:Luis Manuel Rodríguez
887:'s 1999 feature film
568:
513:
506:Arrest and conviction
481:Luis Manuel Rodríguez
410:
4414:American male boxers
3809:"Carter v. Rafferty"
3595:(January 26, 1978).
3089:The Washington Times
2808:"Carter v. Rafferty"
1835:Florentino Fernández
902:, noting that boxer
789:motivational speaker
712:Federal court action
637:Trenton State Prison
623:in September 1973).
589:The defense, led by
546:near the Lafayette.
520:Paterson, New Jersey
514:Paterson Court House
500:World Boxing Council
421:Florentino Fernandez
377:juvenile reformatory
329:" and the 1999 film
304:Paterson, New Jersey
4459:Middleweight boxers
4439:Boxers from Toronto
3962:Richard Friedenberg
3528:. February 21, 2014
3246:. February 27, 1988
3113:"Guardian obituary"
3092:. February 17, 2000
3030:"Artis Wins Parole"
2722:on January 13, 2009
2510:on January 14, 2009
1530:middleweight titles
1027:Juan Carlos Rivero
928:72nd Academy Awards
841:New York Daily News
805:Death Penalty Focus
797:Griffith University
597:Retrial and release
373:Clifton, New Jersey
371:Carter was born in
356:The Hurricane Tapes
315:The Sixteenth Round
69:Clifton, New Jersey
4214:Kaui Hart Hemmings
4085:Michael Cunningham
3602:The New York Times
3579:The New York Times
3554:. October 15, 2014
3500:The New York Times
3433:The Globe and Mail
3407:The Globe and Mail
3341:The New York Times
3311:The New York Times
3243:The New York Times
3217:The New York Times
3199:Carter v. Rafferty
3178:The New York Times
3151:The New York Times
3133:Carter v. Rafferty
3035:The New York Times
2758:Carter v. Rafferty
2683:The Globe and Mail
2668:, pp. 17, 34.
2646:The New York Times
1040:Rosario, Argentina
852:In popular culture
571:
516:
451:technical knockout
413:
381:United States Army
308:U.S. Supreme Court
4366:
4365:
4333:Maggie Gyllenhaal
4306:Louisa May Alcott
4224:Antonio J. Mendez
4103:Laura Hillenbrand
4002:Anthony Minghella
3800:978-0-8135-2864-9
3690:978-1-56976-568-5
3526:The NY Daily News
3115:. Theguardian.com
2601:978-0-00-218926-2
2418:. 21 April 2014.
2297:
2296:
982:
981:
912:Samuel L. Jackson
895:Denzel Washington
875:In the 2019 film
871:Renaldo and Clara
801:Innocence Project
757:Post-emancipation
395:, he was sent to
337:Denzel Washington
274:
273:
121:Mae Thelma Basket
90:, Ontario, Canada
4516:
4357:Percival Everett
4258:Charles Randolph
4036:Armyan Bernstein
4006:Michael Ondaatje
3886:
3879:
3872:
3863:
3862:
3840:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3813:
3804:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3765:
3752:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3713:
3694:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3663:. Archived from
3646:
3639:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3613:
3607:
3606:
3589:
3583:
3582:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3544:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3533:
3518:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3502:. April 20, 2014
3492:
3486:
3485:
3484:. 20 April 2014.
3478:
3472:
3471:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3435:. April 20, 2014
3425:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3414:
3409:. March 31, 2014
3399:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3383:. March 10, 2012
3373:
3367:
3366:
3359:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3343:. April 14, 1996
3333:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3317:on March 9, 2014
3302:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3291:
3280:
3274:
3273:
3272:. 20 April 2014.
3262:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3234:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3208:
3202:
3196:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3170:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3159:
3142:
3136:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3108:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3080:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3069:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3014:
2998:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2899:
2893:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2871:
2863:
2857:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2804:
2793:
2787:
2778:
2772:
2761:
2755:
2744:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2706:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2675:
2669:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2637:
2624:
2623:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2538:
2532:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2500:
2487:
2486:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2471:. 24 April 2014.
2459:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2433:
2424:
2423:
2413:
2406:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2375:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2356:. April 20, 2014
2346:
2340:
2339:
2332:
2291:
2261:
2231:
2201:
2187:Herschel Jacobs
2171:
2157:Herschel Jacobs
2141:
2111:
2103:
2078:
2048:
2040:
2015:
2007:
1982:
1974:
1965:Sugar Boy Nando
1949:
1919:
1911:
1886:
1878:
1853:
1845:
1818:
1786:
1754:
1724:
1692:
1662:
1630:
1622:
1595:
1563:
1555:
1532:
1513:
1481:
1449:
1419:
1387:
1355:
1347:
1322:
1290:
1282:
1257:
1225:
1195:
1163:
1133:
1119:Stan Harrington
1103:
1073:
1041:
989:
984:
983:
939:
938:
761:Carter lived in
645:Brady obligation
591:Raymond A. Brown
459:
341:Innocence Canada
270:
166:
149:Other names
83:
64:
62:
47:
33:
32:
4524:
4523:
4519:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4513:
4479:Prison writings
4369:
4368:
4367:
4362:
4311:
4238:Solomon Northup
4228:Joshuah Bearman
4202:Alexander Payne
4180:
4151:Cormac McCarthy
4091:Brian Helgeland
4049:
4026:Steven Zaillian
4016:Brian Helgeland
3976:Thomas Keneally
3972:Steven Zaillian
3942:Steven Zaillian
3930:
3921:Lawrence Kasdan
3895:
3890:
3838:
3828:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3801:
3779:
3777:
3749:
3727:
3725:
3710:
3691:
3670:
3668:
3659:Bos, Carole D.
3655:
3650:
3649:
3640:
3636:
3626:
3624:
3614:
3610:
3590:
3586:
3571:
3567:
3557:
3555:
3546:
3545:
3541:
3531:
3529:
3520:
3519:
3515:
3505:
3503:
3494:
3493:
3489:
3480:
3479:
3475:
3468:
3452:
3448:
3438:
3436:
3427:
3426:
3422:
3412:
3410:
3401:
3400:
3396:
3386:
3384:
3375:
3374:
3370:
3365:. January 2024.
3361:
3360:
3356:
3346:
3344:
3335:
3334:
3330:
3320:
3318:
3303:
3299:
3289:
3287:
3282:
3281:
3277:
3264:
3263:
3259:
3249:
3247:
3236:
3235:
3231:
3221:
3219:
3209:
3205:
3197:
3193:
3183:
3181:
3172:
3171:
3167:
3157:
3155:
3144:
3143:
3139:
3131:
3127:
3118:
3116:
3109:
3105:
3095:
3093:
3082:
3081:
3077:
3067:
3065:
3054:
3050:
3040:
3038:
3026:
3022:
3012:
3010:
2999:
2995:
2985:
2983:
2972:
2968:
2958:
2956:
2945:
2941:
2931:
2929:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2909:
2907:
2900:
2896:
2888:
2884:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2852:
2848:
2838:
2836:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2817:
2815:
2806:
2805:
2796:
2788:
2781:
2773:
2764:
2756:
2747:
2739:
2735:
2725:
2723:
2708:
2707:
2698:
2688:
2686:
2677:
2676:
2672:
2664:
2660:
2650:
2648:
2638:
2627:
2614:
2613:
2609:
2602:
2581:
2577:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2560:
2556:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2539:
2535:
2527:
2523:
2513:
2511:
2502:
2501:
2490:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2468:TheGuardian.com
2461:
2460:
2456:
2446:
2444:
2434:
2427:
2416:Telegraph.co.uk
2408:
2407:
2398:
2388:
2386:
2376:
2369:
2359:
2357:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2324:
2302:
2289:
2259:
2229:
2199:
2169:
2139:
2109:
2101:
2094:Felix Santiago
2076:
2064:Jimmy McMillan
2046:
2038:
2013:
2005:
1998:Walter Daniels
1980:
1972:
1947:
1935:Ernest Burford
1917:
1909:
1902:Ernest Burford
1884:
1876:
1851:
1843:
1816:
1784:
1752:
1722:
1690:
1660:
1628:
1620:
1593:
1561:
1553:
1546:Clarence James
1516:
1511:
1479:
1447:
1417:
1385:
1353:
1345:
1320:
1288:
1280:
1255:
1223:
1193:
1180:Wilbert McClure
1161:
1131:
1101:
1089:Ernest Burford
1071:
1058:Wilbert McClure
1039:
942:40 fights
937:
854:
821:prostate cancer
813:
793:York University
759:
714:
676:
627:co-wrote (with
599:
524:shotgun pellets
508:
496:Points decision
457:
405:
369:
164:
129:
108:
91:
85:
81:
72:
66:
60:
58:
50:
38:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4522:
4512:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4360:
4353:Cord Jefferson
4350:
4340:
4337:Elena Ferrante
4330:
4327:Jessica Bruder
4319:
4317:
4313:
4312:
4310:
4309:
4299:
4292:Anne Rosellini
4285:
4275:
4265:
4251:
4241:
4231:
4217:
4199:
4188:
4186:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4178:
4171:Sheldon Turner
4164:
4154:
4144:
4133:Alfonso Cuarón
4126:
4116:
4106:
4088:
4078:
4071:Akiva Goldsman
4068:
4065:Michael Chabon
4057:
4055:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4047:
4033:
4023:
4009:
3999:
3989:
3982:Frank Darabont
3979:
3969:
3966:Norman Maclean
3959:
3952:Carol Sobieski
3949:
3938:
3936:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3928:
3914:
3907:Hugh Whitemore
3903:
3901:
3897:
3896:
3889:
3888:
3881:
3874:
3866:
3860:
3859:
3850:
3841:
3827:
3826:External links
3824:
3823:
3822:
3805:
3799:
3786:
3775:New York Times
3766:
3753:
3747:
3734:
3717:Flatter, Ron.
3714:
3708:
3695:
3689:
3676:
3654:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3634:
3622:The New Yorker
3608:
3584:
3565:
3539:
3513:
3487:
3473:
3466:
3446:
3420:
3394:
3381:Perth Now News
3368:
3354:
3328:
3297:
3275:
3257:
3229:
3203:
3191:
3165:
3137:
3125:
3103:
3075:
3064:. New York, NY
3062:New York Times
3048:
3020:
3009:. New York, NY
3007:New York Times
2993:
2982:. New York, NY
2980:New York Times
2966:
2955:. New York, NY
2953:New York Times
2939:
2917:
2894:
2882:
2858:
2846:
2824:
2794:
2779:
2762:
2745:
2733:
2696:
2670:
2658:
2625:
2616:"Rubin Carter"
2607:
2600:
2575:
2554:
2533:
2521:
2488:
2474:
2454:
2425:
2396:
2367:
2341:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2318:
2313:
2311:Romeo Phillion
2308:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2127:Tommy Settles
2125:
2122:
2119:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2107:
2104:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2044:
2041:
2035:
2032:
2031:Johnny Tucker
2029:
2026:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2011:
2008:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1978:
1975:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1915:
1912:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1882:
1879:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1849:
1846:
1840:
1837:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1740:Jose Gonzalez
1738:
1735:
1732:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1626:
1623:
1617:
1614:
1612:Emile Griffith
1609:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1559:
1556:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1534:
1533:
1514:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1498:Joey Giardello
1495:
1492:
1489:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1435:Fabio Bettini
1433:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1351:
1348:
1342:
1339:
1338:Johnny Torres
1336:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1286:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1149:Johnny Morris
1147:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
990:
980:
979:
976:
972:
971:
968:
965:
961:
960:
957:
954:
950:
949:
946:
943:
936:
933:
932:
931:
885:Norman Jewison
882:
853:
850:
832:David McCallum
812:
809:
775:Guy Paul Morin
758:
755:
750:Passaic County
722:H. Lee Sarokin
713:
710:
688:Passaic County
675:
672:
607:Madison Avenue
598:
595:
538:, the other a
507:
504:
462:Joey Giardello
447:Emile Griffith
411:Carter in 2011
404:
401:
393:South Carolina
385:basic training
368:
365:
272:
271:
263:
262:
258:
257:
254:
253:
250:
249:
246:
242:
241:
238:
234:
233:
230:
226:
225:
222:
218:
217:
214:
210:
209:
203:
202:
199:
198:
193:
189:
188:
185:
181:
180:
177:
173:
172:
167:
161:
160:
154:
153:
150:
146:
145:
139:
138:
135:
131:
130:
128:
127:
126:
125:
122:
116:
114:
110:
109:
107:
106:
103:
99:
97:
93:
92:
86:
84:(aged 76)
80:April 20, 2014
78:
74:
73:
67:
56:
52:
51:
49:Carter in 1958
48:
40:
39:
36:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4521:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4376:
4374:
4358:
4354:
4351:
4348:
4344:
4341:
4338:
4334:
4331:
4328:
4324:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4314:
4307:
4303:
4300:
4297:
4293:
4289:
4286:
4283:
4279:
4276:
4273:
4269:
4268:Barry Jenkins
4266:
4263:
4262:Michael Lewis
4259:
4255:
4252:
4249:
4248:Andrew Hodges
4245:
4242:
4239:
4235:
4232:
4229:
4225:
4221:
4218:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4200:
4197:
4193:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4183:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4167:Jason Reitman
4165:
4162:
4158:
4157:Simon Beaufoy
4155:
4152:
4148:
4145:
4142:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4127:
4124:
4123:Gerald Clarke
4120:
4119:Dan Futterman
4117:
4114:
4110:
4107:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4095:Dennis Lehane
4092:
4089:
4086:
4082:
4079:
4076:
4072:
4069:
4066:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4052:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4034:
4031:
4030:Jonathan Harr
4027:
4024:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4012:Curtis Hanson
4010:
4007:
4003:
4000:
3997:
3993:
3992:Emma Thompson
3990:
3987:
3983:
3980:
3977:
3973:
3970:
3967:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3953:
3950:
3947:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3933:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3915:
3912:
3908:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3887:
3882:
3880:
3875:
3873:
3868:
3867:
3864:
3858:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3845:
3842:
3837:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3796:
3792:
3787:
3776:
3772:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3754:
3750:
3748:0-395-97985-4
3744:
3740:
3735:
3724:
3720:
3715:
3711:
3709:0-312-25397-4
3705:
3701:
3696:
3692:
3686:
3682:
3677:
3667:on 2007-01-17
3666:
3662:
3657:
3656:
3644:
3641:Parmar, Raj.
3638:
3623:
3619:
3612:
3604:
3603:
3598:
3594:
3593:Maslin, Janet
3588:
3580:
3576:
3569:
3553:
3549:
3543:
3527:
3523:
3517:
3501:
3497:
3491:
3483:
3477:
3469:
3467:9781476625997
3463:
3460:. McFarland.
3459:
3458:
3450:
3434:
3430:
3424:
3408:
3404:
3398:
3382:
3378:
3372:
3364:
3358:
3342:
3338:
3332:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3301:
3285:
3279:
3271:
3267:
3261:
3245:
3244:
3239:
3233:
3218:
3214:
3207:
3200:
3195:
3179:
3175:
3169:
3153:
3152:
3147:
3141:
3134:
3129:
3114:
3107:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3079:
3063:
3059:
3052:
3037:
3036:
3031:
3024:
3008:
3004:
2997:
2981:
2977:
2970:
2954:
2950:
2943:
2927:
2921:
2906:. bjorner.com
2905:
2898:
2891:
2886:
2868:
2862:
2855:
2850:
2834:
2828:
2813:
2809:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2791:
2786:
2784:
2776:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2759:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2743:, p. 37.
2742:
2737:
2721:
2717:
2716:
2711:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2684:
2680:
2674:
2667:
2662:
2647:
2643:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2621:
2617:
2611:
2603:
2597:
2593:
2592:HarperCollins
2589:
2585:
2579:
2564:
2558:
2543:
2537:
2531:, p. 85.
2530:
2525:
2509:
2505:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2484:
2478:
2470:
2469:
2464:
2458:
2443:
2439:
2432:
2430:
2421:
2417:
2412:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2385:
2381:
2374:
2372:
2355:
2351:
2345:
2337:
2331:
2327:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2293:
2288:
2286:Sep 22, 1961
2285:
2282:
2279:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2263:
2258:
2256:Oct 11, 1961
2255:
2252:
2249:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2233:
2228:
2226:Oct 24, 1961
2225:
2222:
2219:
2217:Frank Nelson
2213:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2203:
2198:
2196:Nov 17, 1961
2195:
2192:
2189:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2173:
2168:
2166:Jan 19, 1962
2165:
2162:
2159:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2143:
2138:
2136:Feb 14, 1962
2135:
2132:
2129:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2113:
2108:
2106:Feb 28, 1962
2105:
2099:
2096:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2075:
2073:Mar 16, 1962
2072:
2069:
2066:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2045:
2043:Apr 16, 1962
2042:
2036:
2033:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2017:
2012:
2010:Apr 30, 1962
2009:
2003:
2000:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1984:
1979:
1977:May 21, 1962
1976:
1970:
1967:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1946:
1944:Jun 23, 1962
1943:
1940:
1937:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1916:
1913:
1907:
1904:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1888:
1883:
1880:
1874:
1871:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1855:
1850:
1848:Oct 27, 1962
1847:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1820:
1815:
1813:Dec 22, 1962
1812:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1771:Gomeo Brennan
1766:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1756:
1751:
1749:Mar 30, 1963
1748:
1745:
1742:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1721:
1719:May 25, 1963
1718:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1709:George Benton
1704:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1694:
1689:
1687:Sep 14, 1963
1686:
1683:
1680:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1659:
1657:Oct 25, 1963
1656:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1632:
1627:
1625:Dec 20, 1963
1624:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1597:
1592:
1590:Feb 28, 1964
1589:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1560:
1558:Jun 24, 1964
1557:
1551:
1548:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1529:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1508:Dec 14, 1964
1507:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1478:
1476:Feb 12, 1965
1475:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1446:
1444:Feb 22, 1965
1443:
1440:
1437:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1421:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1384:
1382:Apr 20, 1965
1381:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1352:
1350:Apr 30, 1965
1349:
1343:
1340:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1319:
1317:May 20, 1965
1316:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1287:
1285:Jul 14, 1965
1284:
1278:
1275:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1254:
1252:Aug 26, 1965
1251:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1222:
1220:Sep 18, 1965
1219:
1216:
1213:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1197:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1160:
1158:Jan 18, 1966
1157:
1154:
1151:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1130:
1128:Jan 25, 1966
1127:
1124:
1121:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1100:
1098:Feb 26, 1966
1097:
1094:
1091:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1043:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
986:
985:
974:
973:
963:
962:
952:
951:
947:
944:
941:
940:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
908:Wesley Snipes
905:
901:
900:The Hurricane
896:
892:
891:
890:The Hurricane
886:
883:
880:
879:
874:
872:
867:
863:
859:
858:
857:
849:
847:
843:
842:
837:
833:
828:
826:
822:
818:
808:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
785:
781:
778:
776:
772:
768:
764:
754:
751:
745:
743:
738:
735:
730:
727:
723:
719:
718:habeas corpus
709:
706:
700:
697:
692:
689:
684:
680:
671:
667:
665:
661:
656:
653:
648:
646:
640:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
621:
616:
612:
608:
603:
594:
592:
587:
583:
579:
577:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
545:
544:double-parked
541:
537:
531:
527:
525:
521:
512:
503:
501:
497:
492:
490:
486:
482:
478:
473:
471:
467:
463:
456:
452:
448:
442:
440:
439:
434:
433:George Benton
430:
429:Gomeo Brennan
426:
422:
418:
409:
403:Boxing career
400:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
364:
362:
358:
357:
352:
349:
344:
342:
338:
334:
333:
332:The Hurricane
328:
324:
320:
316:
311:
309:
305:
300:
298:
297:habeas corpus
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
269:
264:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
208:
207:Boxing record
204:
200:
197:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
171:
168:
162:
159:
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152:The Hurricane
151:
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143:Boxing career
140:
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102:United States
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57:
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46:
41:
34:
29:
22:
4379:Rubin Carter
4347:Miriam Toews
4343:Sarah Polley
4302:Greta Gerwig
4288:Debra Granik
4282:André Aciman
4244:Graham Moore
4220:Chris Terrio
4192:Aaron Sorkin
4161:Vikas Swarup
4075:Sylvia Nasar
4061:Steve Kloves
4044:Rubin Carter
4043:
4020:James Ellroy
3986:Stephen King
3956:Fannie Flagg
3946:Oliver Sacks
3917:Frank Galati
3911:Helene Hanff
3844:Rubin Carter
3815:. Retrieved
3790:
3778:. Retrieved
3774:
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3722:
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3669:. Retrieved
3665:the original
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2814:. Leagle.com
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2777:, p. ?.
2736:
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2720:the original
2713:
2687:. Retrieved
2685:. April 2014
2682:
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2584:Duff, Mickey
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2383:
2358:. Retrieved
2353:
2344:
2330:
2316:Steve Hearon
2247:Joey Cooper
1914:Aug 4, 1962
1881:Oct 8, 1962
1869:Mel Collins
1781:Feb 2, 1963
1678:Farid Salim
1527:
1414:Mar 9, 1965
1190:Jan 8, 1966
1068:Mar 8, 1966
1036:Aug 6, 1966
1004:Round, time
964:By decision
953:By knockout
899:
888:
876:
869:
855:
839:
829:
814:
786:
782:
779:
760:
746:
739:
731:
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641:
629:Jacques Levy
618:
615:Muhammad Ali
604:
600:
588:
584:
580:
572:
560:
556:
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548:
532:
528:
517:
493:
476:
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436:
417:middleweight
414:
397:West Germany
389:Fort Jackson
370:
360:
354:
345:
330:
319:Viking Press
314:
312:
301:
289:middleweight
284:
280:
276:
275:
213:Total fights
206:
170:Middleweight
157:
142:
82:(2014-04-20)
37:Rubin Carter
28:Carter Rubin
4389:2014 deaths
4384:1937 births
4278:James Ivory
4234:John Ridley
4196:Ben Mezrich
4175:Walter Kirn
4141:P. D. James
4129:David Arata
4109:Paul Haggis
3996:Jane Austen
3853:Appearances
3728:January 20,
3558:October 16,
3347:February 8,
3270:thestar.com
3222:January 24,
3184:January 24,
3158:January 24,
3041:January 24,
2890:Hirsch 2000
2741:Hirsch 2000
2726:January 24,
2666:Hirsch 2000
2651:January 24,
2529:Hirsch 2000
2514:January 24,
2447:January 10,
2389:January 10,
1803:Holley Mims
1647:Joey Archer
1580:Jimmy Ellis
1404:Harry Scott
1372:Harry Scott
1273:Fate Davis
1211:Joe N'Gidi
906:and actors
893:, starring
664:polygraphed
611:George Lois
489:Harry Scott
470:Jimmy Ellis
466:heavyweight
425:Holley Mims
335:, starring
124:Lisa Peters
96:Citizenship
65:May 6, 1937
4373:Categories
4323:Chloé Zhao
4296:Peter Rock
4254:Adam McKay
4113:F.X. Toole
4081:David Hare
4040:Dan Gordon
3925:Anne Tyler
3817:2014-04-24
3671:2021-09-01
3119:2014-04-22
2818:2014-04-22
2790:Kelly 2000
2620:boxrec.com
2568:August 16,
2547:August 16,
2322:References
2277:Pike Reed
1307:Dick Tiger
948:12 losses
485:Dick Tiger
367:Early life
229:Wins by KO
158:Statistics
61:1937-05-06
4210:Nat Faxon
4099:Gary Ross
3780:April 24,
3532:April 22,
3506:April 22,
3439:April 20,
3290:April 20,
3096:April 20,
3068:April 17,
3013:April 17,
2986:April 17,
2959:April 17,
2854:Raab 1974
2775:Wice 2000
2689:April 22,
2360:April 21,
1010:Location
998:Opponent
866:Hurricane
862:Bob Dylan
860:The 1975
807:in 1996.
633:Hurricane
625:Bob Dylan
468:champion
327:Hurricane
323:Bob Dylan
281:Hurricane
261:Signature
165:Weight(s)
4206:Jim Rash
3627:June 19,
3413:April 1,
3387:April 1,
3250:April 8,
2932:April 8,
2910:June 19,
2875:April 8,
2839:April 8,
2586:(1999).
2420:Archived
2354:CBC News
2300:See also
2004:2 (10),
1971:3 (10),
1908:2 (10),
1875:5 (10),
1842:1 (10),
1619:1 (10),
1552:1 (10),
1528:The Ring
1441:10 (10)
1344:8 (10),
1279:1 (10),
1054:27–11–1
1024:27–12–1
945:27 wins
836:Brooklyn
825:Cape Cod
477:The Ring
455:The Ring
438:The Ring
353:series,
196:Orthodox
134:Children
3653:Sources
3321:May 14,
2100:1 (8),
2037:1 (8),
1746:6 (10)
1411:9 (10)
1217:2 (10)
1095:8 (10)
995:Record
992:Result
918:at the
767:Ontario
763:Toronto
724:of the
536:shotgun
351:podcast
88:Toronto
4359:(2023)
4349:(2022)
4339:(2021)
4329:(2020)
4308:(2019)
4298:(2018)
4294:, and
4284:(2017)
4274:(2016)
4264:(2015)
4260:, and
4250:(2014)
4240:(2013)
4230:(2012)
4226:, and
4216:(2011)
4212:, and
4198:(2010)
4177:(2009)
4173:, and
4163:(2008)
4153:(2007)
4149:, and
4143:(2006)
4125:(2005)
4115:(2004)
4105:(2003)
4087:(2002)
4077:(2001)
4067:(2000)
4032:(1998)
4022:(1997)
4018:, and
4008:(1996)
3998:(1995)
3988:(1994)
3978:(1993)
3968:(1992)
3958:(1991)
3948:(1990)
3927:(1989)
3923:, and
3913:(1988)
3857:C-SPAN
3836:BoxRec
3797:
3745:
3706:
3687:
3464:
2598:
2253:2 (4)
2223:1 (4)
2133:1 (6)
2070:3 (6)
1525:, and
1146:26–10
1116:26–11
1086:27–11
1013:Notes
975:Draws
864:song "
696:parole
540:pistol
487:, and
431:, and
325:song "
293:murder
285:Carter
237:Losses
192:Stance
176:Height
113:Spouse
105:Canada
71:, U.S.
4316:2020s
4185:2010s
4054:2000s
3935:1990s
3900:1980s
3834:from
3812:(PDF)
2870:(PDF)
2442:Salon
2151:Loss
1962:10–1
1932:10–2
1929:Loss
1899:11–2
1866:12–2
1831:13–2
1799:14–2
1767:15–2
1737:15–3
1734:Loss
1705:16–3
1675:17–3
1643:17–4
1640:Loss
1608:18–4
1576:19–4
1543:20–4
1494:20–5
1491:Loss
1462:20–6
1459:Loss
1432:21–6
1400:22–6
1368:22–7
1365:Loss
1335:23–7
1303:23–8
1300:Loss
1270:24–8
1238:24–9
1235:Loss
1208:25–9
1176:26–9
1143:Loss
1113:Loss
1051:Draw
1021:Loss
1007:Date
1001:Type
458:'
277:Rubin
245:Draws
184:Reach
4355:and
4345:and
4335:and
4325:and
4304:and
4280:and
4270:and
4246:and
4236:and
4194:and
4159:and
4121:and
4111:and
4101:and
4093:and
4083:and
4073:and
4063:and
4028:and
4004:and
3994:and
3984:and
3974:and
3964:and
3954:and
3944:and
3909:and
3848:IMDb
3795:ISBN
3782:2020
3743:ISBN
3730:2007
3704:ISBN
3685:ISBN
3629:2019
3560:2014
3534:2014
3508:2014
3462:ISBN
3441:2014
3415:2014
3389:2014
3349:2009
3323:2014
3292:2014
3252:2011
3224:2009
3186:2009
3160:2009
3098:2014
3070:2010
3043:2009
3015:2010
2988:2010
2961:2010
2934:2011
2912:2019
2877:2011
2841:2011
2728:2009
2715:Time
2691:2014
2653:2009
2596:ISBN
2570:2018
2549:2018
2516:2009
2449:2014
2391:2014
2362:2014
2274:1–0
2271:Win
2244:2–0
2241:Win
2220:TKO
2214:3–0
2211:Win
2190:PTS
2184:4–0
2181:Win
2160:PTS
2154:4–1
2124:5–1
2121:Win
2102:1:38
2091:6–1
2088:Win
2061:7–1
2058:Win
2039:1:05
2034:TKO
2028:8–1
2025:Win
2006:2:03
2001:TKO
1995:9–1
1992:Win
1973:2:07
1968:TKO
1959:Win
1910:2:17
1905:TKO
1896:Win
1877:0:42
1872:TKO
1863:Win
1844:1:09
1828:Win
1796:Win
1764:Win
1743:TKO
1702:Win
1672:Win
1621:2:13
1616:TKO
1605:Win
1573:Win
1554:1:54
1549:TKO
1540:Win
1517:For
1429:Win
1408:TKO
1397:Win
1376:PTS
1346:1:38
1341:TKO
1332:Win
1281:1:26
1276:TKO
1267:Win
1214:TKO
1205:Win
1173:Win
1083:Win
1030:PTS
910:and
834:, a
576:US$
221:Wins
77:Died
55:Born
3855:on
3846:at
2384:CNN
2280:SD
2250:KO
2130:KO
2097:KO
2067:KO
1989:10
1956:11
1938:UD
1926:12
1893:13
1860:14
1839:KO
1825:15
1810:10
1807:UD
1793:16
1778:10
1775:UD
1761:17
1731:18
1716:10
1713:SD
1699:19
1684:10
1681:UD
1669:20
1654:10
1651:SD
1637:21
1602:22
1587:10
1584:UD
1570:23
1537:24
1523:WBC
1519:WBA
1505:15
1502:UD
1488:25
1473:10
1470:UD
1456:26
1438:KO
1426:27
1394:28
1379:10
1362:29
1329:30
1314:10
1311:UD
1297:31
1264:32
1249:10
1246:UD
1232:33
1202:34
1187:10
1184:SD
1170:35
1155:10
1152:SD
1140:36
1125:10
1122:UD
1110:37
1092:KO
1080:38
1065:10
1062:MD
1048:39
1033:10
1018:40
988:No.
970:11
956:19
387:at
348:BBC
4375::
4290:,
4256:,
4222:,
4208:,
4204:,
4169:,
4135:,
4131:,
4097:/
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4038:,
4014:,
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2810:.
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2782:^
2765:^
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2118:6
2085:7
2055:8
2022:9
1941:8
1521:,
978:1
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959:1
765:,
483:,
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363:.
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240:12
232:19
224:27
216:40
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3878:t
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