144:
significant of a realignment in the politics of the lords of
Languedoc with respect to central authority. Some have suggested that Roger was driven to the side of Alfonso by the results of the Third Lateran Council and by Raymond of Toulouse' request for assistance in dealing with heresy in his domains. Roger appears therefore as lenient towards heretics.
143:
to prevent
Raymond from seizing Narbonne. In 1179, he was forced to forswear his former alliance with Raymond of Toulouse and return to the fold of Alfonso of Aragon. He recognised that he held his fiefs from Alfonso. Roger agreed to hold Minerve from the king of Aragon instead of the king of France,
329:
and thus intended to show the
Trencavel's authority over all Languedoc, or it may merely have been a fashionable and pompous way of saying "viscount." In any case it was intended to make Roger out to be of higher rank and standing than his vicecomital titles made
128:. About the same time (c. 1175), Alfonso of Aragon held a public inquiry to prove that Carcassonne was his possession and that Roger II merely held it from him at his pleasure. In the late 1180s, Roger began the compilation of a
65:
and sub-vicar, but his later years are characterised by financial troubles and a "general malaise" perhaps brought about by his poor relations with the Church hierarchy in light of his favourable attitude towards
232:
as his heir, even though his wife was expecting. Perhaps the adoption was cautionary in case the child of
Adalais was a girl. Alfonso of Provence did not succeed Roger, rather that child, which was a boy named
155:, probably over the disputed lordship of Albi. Roger succeeded in establishing a vicar (Pierre Raimond d'Hautpoul) in Albi between 1175 and 1177, but he was forced to come to humiliating terms with the bishop
105:. After taking the city, Roger brought the Aragonese inside to murder the citizens who had handed the city over to his rival. However, in November 1171, Raymond drew Roger away from
252:
In 1189, Roger fell seriously ill and made his will. After his recovery in 1191, however, he gathered his vassals and made them swear fealty to his son, which they did.
148:
42:
625:
156:
46:
116:, daughter of Raymond of Toulouse, in 1171. It opened the only (brief) period of alliance between Roger and Raymond. Adalais' dowry was the town of
139:
from 1171 onwards, when the viscount and viscountess swore oaths of mutual alliance. In 1177, he joined an alliance with
Ermengard and
179:, where they declared him a heretic and excommunicated him after releasing the bishop Gerard. In 1179, he was excommunicated again by
474:
Graham-Leigh, 105, who herself sees Roger as intensely opposed to any furtherance of
Aragonese dominance in Languedoc (p. 111).
132:
to collect the charter evidence for his rule. The cartulary contained 248 folios and was written in proto-Gothic script.
615:
277:
61:. His government of his lands was characterised by increasing complexity, such as the development of the offices of
610:
224:
and with Roger against
Raymond of Toulouse. Roger in gratitude followed Alfonso into Spain and to the siege of
620:
183:
for his "conspicuous lack of enthusiasm for the extirpation of heresy" under the twenty-seventh canon of the
590:
326:
317:
Graham-Leigh, 160 and n218. The title may have signified that the proconsul was the representative of the
140:
605:
102:
234:
86:
34:
229:
38:
246:
241:
again to defend Roger at
Carcassonne, but he also granted away that viscounty as well as the
221:
201:. In 1181, Henry of Marcy returned to the south of France and besieged Roger and his wife in
184:
136:
82:
78:
595:
296:
106:
81:. Eventually he inherited all four of Raymond's viscounties on his death in 1167. However,
8:
113:
74:
117:
600:
273:
98:
225:
213:
194:
180:
58:
160:
152:
124:. In 1176, Roger held a public inquiry to prove his lordship of the village of
121:
584:
321:
of BĂ©ziers, it may have been a continued tradition of the use of the term in
77:
and Saure. As a child in 1153 he was placed in the "custody and service" of
202:
189:
164:
109:
by enfeoffing him with the viscounties and depriving the count of Foix.
57:(of BĂ©ziers), but he abandoned the usage when he became a vassal of the
94:
322:
318:
129:
67:
62:
50:
29:
238:
209:
198:
172:
90:
242:
208:
In 1185, Alfonso was making war on
Raymond over the possession of
17:
176:
125:
49:
from 1167 or 1171 until his death. Until 1177 he used the title
217:
168:
21:
295:
Graham-Leigh, 155–156. Roger referred to himself as
270:
The
Southern French Nobility and the Albigensian Crusade
263:
Ermengard of Narbonne and the World of the Troubadours
237:, did. In 1188, Alfonso of Aragon came north of the
220:, where, probably in April, he made a treaty with
85:objected to the young Roger and instead enfeoffed
249:in a move to dispossess the Trencavels entirely.
582:
339:Graham-Leigh, 136–137 and nn 56–63.
571:
569:
567:
548:
546:
369:
367:
365:
363:
626:People excommunicated by the Catholic Church
461:
459:
228:, where, in June, he adopted the king's son
564:
543:
507:
489:
404:
402:
400:
381:
379:
97:in 1169 with the assistance of troops from
360:
456:
265:. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2001.
89:with the viscounties in December 1167 at
482:
480:
397:
376:
272:. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 2005.
583:
477:
325:as it was when still a proconsular
73:Roger was the elder of two sons of
13:
205:, which was promptly surrendered.
16:Viscount of Carcassonne, BĂ©ziers,
14:
637:
197:. He was also accused of hiring
555:
534:
525:
516:
498:
468:
447:
438:
429:
420:
411:
388:
351:
342:
333:
311:
302:
289:
147:Around 1175, Roger imprisoned
1:
385:Graham-Leigh, 147–148.
327:province of the Roman Empire
308:Graham-Leigh, 163–164.
93:. Roger rebelled. He retook
7:
141:William VIII of Montpellier
10:
642:
522:Graham-Leigh, 67–68.
426:Graham-Leigh, 12–13.
255:
167:in the region, marched on
135:Roger was a close ally of
33:(died March 1194) was the
616:Viscounts of Carcassonne
283:
112:Roger married the young
171:, whence Roger fled to
87:Roger-Bernard I of Foix
35:Viscount of Carcassonne
268:Graham-Leigh, Elaine.
230:Alfonso II of Provence
261:Cheyette, Fredric L.
247:Raimond-Roger of Foix
222:Richard the Lionheart
185:Third Lateran Council
137:Ermengard of Narbonne
83:Raymond V of Toulouse
79:Ermengard of Narbonne
55:proconsul de Bitteris
611:Viscounts of BĂ©ziers
297:Count of Carcassonne
163:, who was leading a
107:Alfonso II of Aragon
591:12th-century births
75:Raymond I Trencavel
621:Viscounts of Razès
561:Graham-Leigh, 111.
486:Graham-Leigh, 142.
465:Graham-Leigh, 100.
348:Graham-Leigh, 132.
157:William of Dourgne
606:Viscounts of Albi
531:Graham-Leigh, 75.
504:Graham-Leigh, 73.
435:Graham-Leigh, 14.
417:Graham-Leigh, 11.
408:Graham-Leigh, 99.
187:and the decretal
159:in 1193. In 1178
633:
576:
573:
562:
559:
553:
550:
541:
538:
532:
529:
523:
520:
514:
511:
505:
502:
496:
493:
487:
484:
475:
472:
466:
463:
454:
451:
445:
442:
436:
433:
427:
424:
418:
415:
409:
406:
395:
392:
386:
383:
374:
371:
358:
355:
349:
346:
340:
337:
331:
315:
309:
306:
300:
293:
216:he travelled to
120:, a fief of the
641:
640:
636:
635:
634:
632:
631:
630:
581:
580:
579:
574:
565:
560:
556:
552:Cheyetter, 334.
551:
544:
540:Cheyetter, 319.
539:
535:
530:
526:
521:
517:
513:Cheyetter, 317.
512:
508:
503:
499:
495:Cheyetter, 316.
494:
490:
485:
478:
473:
469:
464:
457:
452:
448:
443:
439:
434:
430:
425:
421:
416:
412:
407:
398:
393:
389:
384:
377:
372:
361:
356:
352:
347:
343:
338:
334:
316:
312:
307:
303:
294:
290:
286:
258:
195:Pope Lucius III
59:Crown of Aragon
25:
12:
11:
5:
639:
629:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
578:
577:
575:Cheyette, 335.
563:
554:
542:
533:
524:
515:
506:
497:
488:
476:
467:
455:
453:Cheyette, 275.
446:
444:Cheyette, 168.
437:
428:
419:
410:
396:
394:Cheyette, 277.
387:
375:
373:Cheyette, 265.
359:
357:Cheyette, 347.
350:
341:
332:
310:
301:
287:
285:
282:
281:
280:
266:
257:
254:
165:papal legation
161:Henry of Marcy
153:bishop of Albi
122:King of France
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
638:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
588:
586:
572:
570:
568:
558:
549:
547:
537:
528:
519:
510:
501:
492:
483:
481:
471:
462:
460:
450:
441:
432:
423:
414:
405:
403:
401:
391:
382:
380:
370:
368:
366:
364:
354:
345:
336:
328:
324:
320:
314:
305:
298:
292:
288:
279:
278:1-84383-129-5
275:
271:
267:
264:
260:
259:
253:
250:
248:
244:
240:
236:
235:Raymond Roger
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
206:
204:
200:
196:
192:
191:
186:
182:
178:
175:, and the on
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
145:
142:
138:
133:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
110:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
71:
69:
64:
60:
56:
53:, usually as
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
31:
23:
19:
557:
536:
527:
518:
509:
500:
491:
470:
449:
440:
431:
422:
413:
390:
353:
344:
335:
313:
304:
299:on occasion.
291:
269:
262:
251:
207:
190:Ad abolendam
188:
181:Pons d'Arsac
146:
134:
111:
72:
54:
27:
26:
596:1194 deaths
24:(died 1194)
585:Categories
601:Trencavel
323:Languedoc
319:consulate
130:cartulary
103:Catalonia
68:Catharism
63:seneschal
51:proconsul
30:Trencavel
28:Roger II
239:Pyrenees
226:Valencia
210:Provence
199:routiers
173:Ambialet
91:Narbonne
256:Sources
212:. From
177:Castres
118:Minerve
114:Adalais
95:BĂ©ziers
39:BĂ©ziers
276:
203:Lavaur
151:, the
149:Gerard
99:Aragon
45:, and
284:Notes
243:Razès
218:Najac
43:Razès
18:Razès
330:him.
274:ISBN
169:Albi
126:Mèze
101:and
47:Albi
22:Albi
20:and
245:to
214:Aix
193:of
587::
566:^
545:^
479:^
458:^
399:^
378:^
362:^
70:.
41:,
37:,
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