955:) to the well documented atrocities committed by the French in their colonial empire, especially Indochina. He re-iterated his commitment to anti-semitism, although he insisted that he did not know of and entirely repudiated the holocaust despite having advocated the deportations of French Jewry. In the letter Brasillach insists that Franco-German relations would inevitably continue to improve and that the occupation had ultimately brought the two nations closer together. While these statements would have shocked many at the time, when one considers the rapid rapprochement between the two nations post-war, the general idea of Franco-German unity he expressed in some way presages the development of Franco-German cooperation and the pivotal role of the two nations in the European Community/Union, although the causes of this rapprochement may not have been what he foresaw. Brasillach also re-iterated his commitment to fascism and argued that, whether it survived as an ideology or not, the generation of the class of 1960 would doubtless look back on and consider German fascism with a sense of awe. Brasillach also argued that he believed that the spirit of fascism should be mixed with the English sense of liberty and free expression, despite the apparent contradiction in terms.
744:
with
Italian fascism. Catherine, desiring a more stable relationship, eventually marries a Communist she has met at the office where she works, François. Patrice leaves Italy and serves a five-year stint in the Foreign Legion, where he befriends a young Nazi. After his time in the Legion, Patrice goes to work in Nazi Germany, where he finds Nazi ritual (e.g. Nuremberg rallies, the banners and marches) very engaging. Patrice learns from a friend from his Paris days that François has become a fascist, having turned from both Communism and the Third Republic following the
143:
266:(who nonetheless disliked the authors) until the 1970s. Unlike several other authors and critics of the time, Brasillach did not see cinema through an overtly political lens, although the 1943 edition of his work did contain anti-Semitic comments not present in the original. Despite being fervent nationalists and personally believing that each nation and people had a unique cinema, the authors instead focused on international trends rather than local particularities. Brasillach frequented
753:, where he has a brief encounter with the Nazi Patrice met in the Foreign Legion. Catherine stays faithful to François, although she meets a young Frenchman who fought for the Republicans in Spain and who turns out to be the young Patrice she had met while he was a child in the 1920s. Meanwhile, the elder Patrice marries a young German woman. The book ends with Catherine on her way to visit François in hospital in Spain after learning that he has been seriously wounded at the front.
484:, that he had slept with the enemy and approved of Germany's "penetration" of France. In so doing, the prosecution was making hay with Brasillach's own words, as he had suggested, as Liberation approached, that France had slept with Germany and would remember the experience fondly. Brasillach was sentenced to death. Brasillach responded to the outrage of some of his supporters then in attendance by saying "It's an honour!"
364:. Brasillach admired what he perceived to be Degrelle's youth and charisma and Degrelle's insistence on being neither left nor right, supporting striking workers, encouraging love of God, the King and family and desiring to see the establishment of an anti-communist and anti-capitalist, Christian-influenced corporate state. Degrelle collaborated with the German occupation of Belgium and served in the
759:
mainly on the process of aging and turning 30; dialogue, in the form of a play, between François and
Catherine and Catherine and Patrice in the mid-1930s; a series of "documents" François has put together in a scrap book about the Spanish Civil War; and finally a "speech" ("discours"), in which Catherine describes her thoughts as she travels to meet François in hospital.
33:
463:, Brasillach hid in an attic, joking in his diary: "Jews have been living in cupboards for four years, why not imitate them?" He surrendered on 14 September when he heard that his mother had been arrested. He spent the next five months in prison and continued his literary endeavours while incarcerated.
748:
in which the extreme right rioted against government "corruption" and perhaps planned to overthrow the state. Ten years after he last saw
Catherine, Patrice returns to Paris to visit Catherine and she agrees to go away with him but asks for a few days to collect her thoughts. She decides to stay with
743:
The book begins with the courtship of
Patrice and Catherine, two students, in Paris in the 1920s. At one point the young couple meet two children, who are also called Patrice and Catherine and who claim to be a couple. His studies completed, Patrice leaves to work in Italy, where he becomes enamoured
950:
In this 'letter', written while
Brasillach was awaiting trial, the author expressed his thoughts and hopes to a future generation. He argued that he had few regrets about his social and political role in World War II era France. He admitted that certain excesses had occurred under the occupation but
758:
The title of the book stems from the seven styles in which it is written: a narrative of
Patrice and Catherine's time together in the 1920s; letters exchanged between Patrice and Catherine while Patrice is in Italy; Patrice's journal entries while he is in Germany; a series of reflections or maxims,
764:
The book is very sympathetic to fascism as a regenerating ideology. However, given his future as a collaborator, readers may be surprised that
Communism and socialism are not attacked outright and that the "Patrice" character mentions several times that Nazism may not be as enduring as fascism and
243:
Brasillach wrote both fiction and non-fiction. While his fiction dealt with love, life and politics in his era, his non-fiction dealt with a great variety of themes, ranging from drama, great literary figures and contemporary world events. His work in the realm of cinema history (see below) was
883:. While it lionises the defenders, Brasillach does not shy from mentioning the execution of the Republican prisoners in Toledo's hospitals after the relief of the city and the Alcazar. The author also discounts certain elements of Nationalist propaganda concerning La Pasionaria, Communist
471:
Brasillach was tried in Paris on 19 January 1945. The trial judge had served under Vichy. The prosecutor reiterated
Brasillach's vehement antisemitism, linked his praise of Germany and denunciation of the Resistance to SS massacres in France and played upon
564:
Brasillach sought to protect his own legacy as his life drew to a close. He composed several works while awaiting trial and execution, including a collection of verse and a letter to French youth of the future, explaining and justifying his actions
769:" and who exemplifies French rationalism (and perhaps represents France herself) as noted in the dialogue section, chooses François, the French/native fascist and turns away from Patrice, who has immersed himself in Italian and German ideology.
925:(The Four Thursdays) A series of articles about literature, literary figures, trends, politics and society largely published in the press earlier in Brasillach's career (drawn from articles often originally printed on Thursdays).
405:
and began to criticize the Vichy state. He joined a group of French authors and artists in a trip to meet with German counterparts in Weimar and in
November 1942 he supported the German militarisation of the unoccupied zone
144:
543:
during the closing days of the
Occupation. Brasillach called out "But all the same, long live France!" ("Vive la France quand même!") immediately before his execution. He was buried in the cimetière de
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175:, denunciation and incitement to murder. The execution remains a subject of some controversy, because Brasillach was executed for "intellectual crimes", rather than military or political actions.
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389:. At his trial, the prosecution alleged that his release was due to pro-German articles written while in captivity. He was freed in early 1941 and returned to his editorial role at
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he was unrepentant about his fascism, his anti-Semitism or his wartime activity, although he insisted that he had no idea that deported French Jews were being murdered.
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and wrote, on his return to France, that he had gone from embracing a collaboration due to reason and rationality to being a collaborator for reasons of the heart ("
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2016:
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262:. This work remained the "most prominent aesthetic history of film for at least a decade", and a work that exerted considerable influence, via its impact on
231:, Brasillach openly supported fascism. His politics are shared by several of the protagonists in his literary works, notably the two male main characters in
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François instead, but François misunderstands and believes she has left him. François leaves France without a word and joins the Nationalist cause in the
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The death sentence caused an uproar in French literary circles and even some of Brasillach's political opponents protested. Resistance member and author
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318:. Brasillach was drawn to originality and explored foreign cinema, and became the first major critic in France to address Japanese cinema, the work of
2744:
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Jean-Luc Barré, « Brasillach, Robert (1909-1945) », Dictionnaire de Gaulle, Paris, Éditions Robert Laffont, coll. Bouquins, 2006, p. 147.
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Below is a list of Brasillach's oeuvre (fiction, non-fiction and poetry), including posthumous works. Certain works have been briefly summarised.
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360:. Brasillach was attracted to the fascistic Rexist movement in Belgium, and wrote an article and later a book about the leader of the movement,
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418:
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539:'s execution. De Gaulle admired Mandel, a prominent conservative politician (who happened to be Jewish), and who was murdered by the
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Quatre procès de trahison devant la cour de justice de Paris: Paquis, Buchard, Luchaire, Brasillach (réquisitoires et plaidoiries)
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shared similar political beliefs and that "views that earn their advocates the death penalty are bound to be worthy of esteem."
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451:, an initiative that encouraged close cultural ties between France and Germany. He worked for various journals, including
274:(Cinema Circle). His personal tastes are detailed in his writings of the period. These tastes ranged from Soviet cinema (
1148:
535:. It has been argued that De Gaulle refused to spare Brasillach because the author had on numerous occasions called for
495:
to commute the sentence. This petition was signed by many of the leading lights of the French literary world, including
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2222:
2021:
1768:
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1562:
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976:
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that Frenchmen may have to fight the Germans in the future. Also, it is of note that Catherine, who calls herself a "
1824:
584:", in which she defended the role of emotion (especially hatred) in politics and the role of revenge in punishment.
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369:
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254:
192:
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1818:
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200:
1311:
Philippe D'Hugues, "Brasillach et l'Allemagne", in La Nouvelle Revue d'Histoire, Numero 50, 2010 at p. 47-48
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Philippe D'Hugues, "Brasillach et l'Allemagne", in La Nouvelle Revue d'Histoire, Numero 50, 2010 at p. 47
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A soldier in 1940, Brasillach was captured by the Germans and held prisoner for several months after the
252:
Brasillach was fascinated by the cinema and in 1935 co-wrote a detailed critical history of that medium,
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2011:
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on 31 March 1909, the son of Lieutenant Arthémile Brasillach, who served in the colonial regiment of
81:
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425:"). He published the names and addresses of Jews who had gone into hiding, called for the death of
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330:. While in prison, he worked on a third edition of his work on cinema and began to adapt a work on
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as a "masterpiece of cretinism" in which Hitler appeared to be "a sort of enraged teacher."
149:; 31 March 1909 – 6 February 1945) was a French author and journalist. He was the editor of
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The Ideological Hero in the Novels of Robert Brasillach, Roger Vailland & Andre Malraux
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Grand Illusion: The Third Reich, the Paris Exposition, and the Cultural Seduction of France
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Wesseling, H. L. (2002). "Chapter 6: Robert Brasillach and the Temptation of Fascism".
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Portraits. Barrès, Proust, Maurras, Colette, Giraudoux, Morand, Cocteau, Malraux, etc.,
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features the recitation of Brasillach's "Testament", written before his execution.
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171:'s express refusal to grant him a pardon. Brasillach was executed for advocating
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Philippe d'Hughes, "L'étincelante génération Brasillach" 41 (March–April 2009)
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Jean Lacouture, La raison de l'autre, Montesquieu, Mauriac, Confluences, 2002.
654:, where he is one of the fellow students of the main character Maximilian Aue.
496:
437:. He considered himself a "moderate" antisemite and was replaced as editor of
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2006:
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864:
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was both aware and appreciative of Brasillach, stating that Brasillach and
588:
528:
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Je suis partout (1930-1944). Les maurrassiens devant la tentation fasciste
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De collaborationiste de raison, je suis devenu collaborationiste de coeur
299:
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1239:«Le cinéma japonais» Tome II, p:381-412, Les sept couleurs, Paris, 1964
867:, see French Knowledge) (The Cadets of the Alcazar); later renamed the
812:(edited and introduced by Robert Brasillach) (The Trial of Joan of Arc)
592:
476:
sentiments by repeatedly drawing the jurors' attention to the author's
473:
407:
378:
315:
291:
101:
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1636:
Robert Fulford's column about Marguerite Duras & Robert Brasillach
32:
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888:
532:
491:, whom Brasillach had savaged in the press, circulated a petition to
426:
373:
365:
307:
184:
49:
1762:
545:
331:
208:
1583:
Certain ideas of France: essays on French history and civilization
951:
contrasted the Germans' worst crimes against Frenchmen (e.g. the
892:
512:
356:
paper founded by dissidents from the Action Française and led by
353:
156:
107:
69:
3129:
1800:
540:
429:
politicians, and in the summer of 1944 signed the call for the
1518:
The Collaborator: The Trial and Execution of Robert Brasillach
196:
2187:
2127:
2122:
549:
335:
1471:
2138:
Association for the Defence of the Memory of Marshal Pétain
410:) under the Vichy government because it "reunited France".
397:
but later embraced a more committed germanophile policy of
1110:(The Jewish Question: Articles by Brasillach and Cousteau)
911:(with Maurice Bardèche) (History of the Spanish Civil War)
527:. De Gaulle did not comply and Brasillach was executed by
480:(alleged, but denied by those who knew him best), noting,
1398:
1396:
1542:
Fascist Ego: A Political Biography of Robert Brasillach
595:
of French fascism" and a martyr to the extreme right.
1435:
1393:
1108:
La Question juive, articles de Brasillach et Cousteau
1381:
1363:
Les 700 rédacteurs de « Je suis partout »
1298:
1296:
1274:Philippe D'Hugues, "Brasillach et l'Allemagne", in
1261:Philippe D'Hugues, "Brasillach et l'Allemagne", in
1248:"Lettre a une provinciale: visite a Leon Degrelle"
778:(The Conqueror; gender suggests a female conqueror)
3670:Sons and Daughters of Jewish Deportees from France
1468:"...::: Bienvenue sur le site des ARB :::..."
1163:
879:in Toledo by Republican forces in 1936 during the
341:
1218:
1216:
1185:, Harvard University Press, 1997, at p. 40 and 42
887:. The work remains heavily pro-Nationalist, with
163:. After the liberation of France in 1944, he was
3876:Nazi collaborators shot at the Fort de Montrouge
3757:
1674:
1629:NOXIOUS WORDS, HEINOUS ACTS, THE POWER OF SPEECH
1568:Translation of Notre Avant-Guerre/Before the War
1293:
929:
3801:Writers from Occitania (administrative region)
1486:"Denise Isabelle Roger Song Texts | LiederNet"
1457:(University of California Press, 1999)at p. 85
1213:
844:Léon Degrelle et l'avenir de « Rex »
661:used Brasillach's texts in some of her songs.
615:has praised the author's intellectual oeuvre.
419:Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism
258:(re-edited in 1943), with his brother-in-law,
3866:World War II prisoners of war held by Germany
2689:
1660:
3851:French Army personnel killed in World War II
1235:see Maurice Bardeche and Robert Brasillach,
3664:Fondation pour la Mémoire de la Déportation
2974:Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation
2703:
2017:Fédération d'action nationale et européenne
1378:, University of Chicago Press, 2009, p. 204
945:(Letter to a Soldier of the Class of 1960).
567:Lettre à un soldat de la classe de soixante
368:. Brasillach was also greatly impressed by
2696:
2682:
1667:
1653:
1094:Montherlant entre les hommes et les femmes
576:Brasillach's trial and execution inspired
155:, a nationalist newspaper which advocated
31:
1580:
1321:
1319:
1317:
622:celebrates the author's work and legacy.
620:Association des Amis de Robert Brasillach
1361:(éd. La Table ronde, 1973, rééd. 1987);
1133:
723:(How The Time Passes By), nominated for
18:French author and journalist (1909–1945)
3861:French prisoners of war in World War II
3786:People affiliated with Action Française
3702:List of Holocaust memorials and museums
2984:Timeline of deportations to death camps
2198:National Council of European Resistance
1453:Antoine de Baecque and Serge Toubiana,
702:(The Spark Thief/The Stealer of Sparks)
3758:
3683:Mémorial des Martyrs de la Déportation
3189:Vichy Holocaust collaboration timeline
1512:
1441:
1402:
1387:
1314:
1169:
625:
466:
3856:French people convicted of war crimes
2677:
2027:French and European Nationalist Party
1648:
1325:
904:, a biography of the famous dramatist
136:
3264:Police collaboration in Vichy France
417:, toured the Eastern Front, visited
376:movement. By contrast, he described
3690:Mémorial national de la déportation
1096:(Montherlant between Men and Women)
1087:Hugo et le snobisme révolutionnaire
999:(Berenice) (play, first run - 1957)
591:noted that his death made him the "
13:
2223:Sovereignty, Identity and Freedoms
2022:Federation of Nationalist Students
1769:French National-Collectivist Party
1535:
1059:Vingt lettres de Robert Brasillach
1033:(On the Edge of Daphnis and Chloé)
943:Lettre à un soldat de la classe 60
734:(The Seven Colors), nominated for
657:Twentieth century French composer
14:
3897:
1608:
1570:by Robert Brasillach, Peter Tame
1151:from the original on 23 June 2016
1089:(Hugo and Revolutionary Snobbism)
443:in 1943 by the even more extreme
3846:Holocaust perpetrators in France
3816:20th-century French male writers
2092:Revolutionary Nationalist Groups
1006:(Journal of a (Pre)Occupied Man)
556:, was later buried next to him.
3841:École Normale Supérieure alumni
3831:20th-century French LGBT people
3826:French male non-fiction writers
3535:Marie-Claude Vaillant-Couturier
2087:Rassemblement National Français
1520:. University of Chicago Press.
1478:
1460:
1447:
1426:
1417:
1408:
1368:
1347:
1326:Smith, Blake (19 August 2019).
1305:
1281:
1268:
969:Anthologie de la poésie grecque
909:Histoire de la guerre d’Espagne
875:This short work chronicles the
342:Politics and wartime activities
1255:
1242:
1229:
1201:
1188:
1175:
1127:
1117:(Re-reading Robert Brasillach)
1038:Nouvelle prière sur l'Acropole
839:(Theater Directors/Organizers)
795:
548:in the 20th Arrondissement of
203:, at the time a school of the
183:Robert Brasillach was born in
1:
3811:20th-century French novelists
3745:Vichy anti-Jewish legislation
3735:History of the Jews in France
2979:Vichy anti-Jewish legislation
2549:Active publications and media
1819:Revolutionary Social Movement
1357:see: Pierre-Marie Dioudonnat
1290:(Les éditions de Paris, 1947)
1121:
1040:(New Prayer on the Acropolis)
895:songs reprinted in its pages.
306:films from directors such as
195:, and Marguerite Brasillach,
3791:Groupe Collaboration members
3123:Jeunesse Populaire Française
3087:Carl-Heinrich von Stülpnagel
2203:National Republican Movement
1738:Antisemitic League of France
1676:Far-right politics in France
1414:"Quatre procès de trahison".
1276:La Nouvelle Revue d'Histoire
1263:La Nouvelle Revue d'Histoire
1208:On the history of film style
1196:On the history of film style
1183:On the history of film style
1115:Relectures Robert Brasillach
1031:En marge de Daphnis et Chloé
971:(Anthology of Greek Poetry)
962:Chénier, La Pensée française
930:Posthumously published works
393:. He wrote in favour of the
370:José Antonio Primo de Rivera
334:which he hoped to film with
178:
7:
3836:Lycée Louis-le-Grand alumni
3229:Louis Darquier de Pellepoix
3169:Louis Darquier de Pellepoix
2163:Equality and Reconciliation
1825:Service d'ordre légionnaire
1054:(A Generation in the Storm)
1052:Une génération dans l'orage
985:(Letters Written in Prison)
644:Brasillach is described in
413:He visited the site of the
10:
3902:
2067:Organisation Armée Secrète
2012:European Rally for Liberty
1278:, Numéro 50, 2010 at p. 46
1265:, Numero 50, 2010 at p. 45
1026:(Commentary on La Varende)
1024:Commentaire sur La Varende
953:Oradour-sur-Glane massacre
244:particularly influential.
3710:
3653:
3548:
3478:
3425:
3272:
3209:
3139:
3100:
2992:
2964:
2881:
2828:
2711:
2625:
2548:
2502:
2241:
2110:
1992:
1841:
1723:
1682:
1004:Journal d'un homme occupé
983:Lettres écrites en prison
964:(Chénier: French Thought)
822:1935 (re-edited in 1943)
810:Le Procès de Jeanne d'Arc
692:
612:Nouvelle Revue d'Histoire
569:(Lettre), see below). In
559:
447:. He was a member of the
247:
238:
123:
113:
99:
95:
87:
82:Execution by firing squad
77:
57:
42:
30:
23:
3117:Parti Populaire Français
2503:Ideologies and movements
869:Defenders of the Alcazar
805:(The Presence of Virgil)
684:
672:dedicated to Brasillach
601:Pierre Drieu La Rochelle
201:École normale supérieure
199:Redo. He studied at the
159:movements and supported
37:Robert Brasillach (1938)
3796:French literary critics
3249:Charles du Paty de Clam
3149:Anti-Jewish legislation
2858:French Riviera roundups
2705:The Holocaust in France
2032:Front Algérie Française
861:Les Cadets de l'Alcazar
445:Pierre-Antoine Cousteau
346:He became an editor of
138:[ʁɔbɛʁbʁazijak]
3720:Antisemitism in France
3640:André and Magda Trocmé
3445:Antoinette Feuerwerker
3224:Louis-Ferdinand Céline
2662:Algiers putsch of 1961
2648:6 February 1934 crisis
2213:Rassemblement National
2153:Carrefour de l'Horloge
1814:National Popular Rally
850:and the Future of the
746:6 February 1934 crisis
700:Le Voleur d'étincelles
552:. His brother-in-law,
433:of all members of the
225:6 February 1934 crisis
167:following a trial and
3821:French male novelists
3776:People from Perpignan
3570:Le Chambon-sur-Lignon
3111:Devisenschutzkommando
1743:Breton National Party
1587:Westport, Connecticut
1544:by William R. Tucker
1455:Truffaut: A Biography
837:Animateurs de théâtre
714:Le Marchand d'oiseaux
134:French pronunciation:
3886:Executed journalists
3676:Mémorial de la Shoah
3630:Jules-Géraud Saliège
3590:Pierre-Marie Gerlier
3575:Château de Chabannes
3312:Messaoud El Mediouni
3195:Révolution nationale
2537:Révolution nationale
2037:Groupe Union Défense
2002:Charles Martel Group
1832:Solidarité Française
1774:French Popular Party
1621:Killed for His Words
1365:, éd. SEDOPOLS, 1993
1047:(Written at Fresnes)
877:siege of the Alcazar
828:, two volumes (with
721:Comme le temps passe
709:(Child of the Night)
453:Révolution nationale
449:Groupe Collaboration
229:Place de la Concorde
207:, and then became a
3806:French LGBT writers
3697:Rivesaltes Memorial
3052:Hans-Dietrich Ernst
2941:Royallieu-Compiègne
2911:Natzweiler-Struthof
2638:Franco-Prussian War
2384:Le Pen (Jean-Marie)
2193:League of the South
2183:Generation Identity
2072:Party of New Forces
2052:Nouvelle Résistance
1808:Mouvement Franciste
1794:Ligue des Patriotes
1780:Jeunesses Patriotes
1328:"In Praise of Hate"
992:(Six Hours to Kill)
990:Six heures à perdre
803:Présence de Virgile
716:(The Bird Merchant)
707:L'Enfant de la nuit
626:Cultural references
467:Trial and execution
461:liberation of Paris
277:Battleship Potemkin
205:University of Paris
78:Cause of death
68:Fort de Montrouge,
3881:Nazi propagandists
3635:Pierre-Marie Théas
3092:Carltheo Zeitschel
3062:Ernst Heinrichsohn
2557:Boulevard Voltaire
2077:Phalange Française
1624:by Richard Corliss
1237:Histoire du cinéma
1103:novel, compilation
1080:Le Paris de Balzac
916:Notre avant-guerre
825:Histoire du Cinéma
651:Les Bienveillantes
578:Simone de Beauvoir
255:Histoire du cinéma
91:Journalist, author
3753:
3752:
3610:Père Marie-Benoît
3450:David Feuerwerker
3407:Charlotte Salomon
3382:Sonia Olschanezky
3337:Maurice Halbwachs
3219:Robert Brasillach
3103:and organizations
3047:Theodor Dannecker
2891:Beaune-la-Rolande
2671:
2670:
2479:Tixier-Vignancour
2047:L'Œuvre Française
1924:Drieu La Rochelle
1600:978-0-313-32341-6
1557:by Peter D. Tame
1527:978-0-226-42414-9
1353:for a history of
1137:(29 March 2000).
1135:Lawrence, Osborne
1013:(Forgotten Poets)
937:Poèmes de Fresnes
923:Les Quatre Jeudis
881:Spanish Civil War
767:petite bourgeoise
751:Spanish Civil War
732:Les Sept Couleurs
597:François Truffaut
582:An Eye for an Eye
493:Charles de Gaulle
457:le Petit Parisien
435:French Resistance
431:summary execution
286:) to film-makers
233:The Seven Colours
169:Charles de Gaulle
130:Robert Brasillach
127:
126:
25:Robert Brasillach
3893:
3871:Executed writers
3730:Battle of France
3716:
3656:
3625:Germaine Ribière
3483:
3440:Jean Elleinstein
3428:
3392:Béatrice Reinach
3377:Casimir Oberfeld
3372:Irène Némirovsky
3322:Benjamin Fondane
3275:
2995:
2967:
2843:Clermont-Ferrand
2698:
2691:
2684:
2675:
2674:
2605:Radio Courtoisie
2586:
2242:Post-1945 people
2173:The Nationalists
2158:Debout la France
2118:Action Française
1995:post-1945 groups
1732:Action Française
1669:
1662:
1655:
1646:
1645:
1604:
1531:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1474:on 3 April 2009.
1464:
1458:
1451:
1445:
1439:
1433:
1430:
1424:
1421:
1415:
1412:
1406:
1400:
1391:
1385:
1379:
1372:
1366:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1323:
1312:
1309:
1303:
1300:
1291:
1285:
1279:
1272:
1266:
1259:
1253:
1246:
1240:
1233:
1227:
1220:
1211:
1205:
1199:
1194:1943 additions:
1192:
1186:
1181:David Bordwell,
1179:
1173:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1131:
1082:(Balzac's Paris)
1075:incomplete novel
1061:(Twenty Letters)
902:Pierre Corneille
885:Dolores Ibárruri
830:Maurice Bardèche
646:Jonathan Littell
638:Éloge de l'amour
607:Dominique Venner
554:Maurice Bardèche
525:Thierry Maulnier
489:François Mauriac
283:Alexander Nevski
272:Cercle du cinéma
260:Maurice Bardèche
217:Action française
189:Marshall Lyautey
173:collaborationism
148:
147:
146:
140:
135:
114:Criminal penalty
104:
64:
35:
21:
20:
3901:
3900:
3896:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3890:
3781:French fascists
3756:
3755:
3754:
3749:
3740:Occupied France
3714:
3706:
3649:
3615:René de Naurois
3551:
3550:Righteous Among
3544:
3515:Denise Holstein
3481:
3474:
3421:
3412:Sascha Schapiro
3327:Otto Freundlich
3317:Jacques Feldbau
3268:
3205:
3179:Philippe Pétain
3159:François Darlan
3135:
3102:
3101:Nazi occupation
3096:
3007:Ernst Achenbach
2988:
2960:
2877:
2824:
2707:
2702:
2672:
2667:
2621:
2580:
2544:
2525:Nouvelle Droite
2498:
2389:Le Pen (Marine)
2237:
2228:Terre et Peuple
2208:Party of France
2168:Europe-Jeunesse
2143:Cité catholique
2106:
2082:Radical Network
1994:
1988:
1842:Pre-1945 people
1837:
1749:Camelots du Roi
1724:Pre-1945 groups
1719:
1678:
1673:
1611:
1601:
1591:Greenwood Press
1538:
1536:Further reading
1528:
1504:
1494:
1492:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1452:
1448:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1409:
1401:
1394:
1386:
1382:
1373:
1369:
1355:Je suis partout
1352:
1348:
1338:
1336:
1333:Tablet Magazine
1324:
1315:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1294:
1286:
1282:
1273:
1269:
1260:
1256:
1250:Je Suis Partout
1247:
1243:
1234:
1230:
1221:
1214:
1206:
1202:
1193:
1189:
1180:
1176:
1168:
1164:
1154:
1152:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1045:Écrit à Fresnes
932:
798:
695:
687:
676:from the album
633:Jean-Luc Godard
628:
618:A group called
587:His biographer
562:
517:Arthur Honegger
469:
440:Je suis partout
391:Je suis partout
349:Je suis partout
344:
328:Heinosuke Gosho
324:Kenji Mizoguchi
288:Charlie Chaplin
250:
241:
221:Charles Maurras
213:literary critic
181:
152:Je suis partout
142:
141:
133:
100:
73:
66:
62:
61:6 February 1945
53:
47:
38:
26:
19:
12:
11:
5:
3899:
3889:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3711:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3686:
3679:
3672:
3667:
3659:
3657:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3556:
3554:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3510:Nadine Heftler
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3486:
3484:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3431:
3429:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3362:Hélène Metzger
3359:
3357:Georges Mandel
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3278:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3215:
3213:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3198:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3164:Joseph Darnand
3161:
3156:
3151:
3145:
3143:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3126:
3119:
3114:
3106:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3067:Helmut Knochen
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3032:Karl Bömelburg
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2998:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2970:
2968:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2887:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2834:
2832:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2701:
2700:
2693:
2686:
2678:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2635:
2633:Dreyfus affair
2629:
2627:
2626:Notable events
2623:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2614:
2607:
2602:
2595:
2592:Nouvelle École
2588:
2578:National-Hebdo
2574:
2567:
2560:
2552:
2550:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2541:
2540:
2528:
2521:
2514:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
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2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
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2391:
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2381:
2376:
2371:
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2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2178:French Renewal
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2102:Unité Radicale
2099:
2097:Troisième Voie
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1998:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1859:Benoist-Méchin
1856:
1851:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1804:
1797:
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1783:
1776:
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1766:
1759:
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1735:
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1679:
1672:
1671:
1664:
1657:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1633:
1625:
1617:
1610:
1609:External links
1607:
1606:
1605:
1599:
1578:
1565:
1552:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1526:
1509:
1508:
1503:
1502:
1490:www.lieder.net
1477:
1470:Archived from
1459:
1446:
1444:, p. 210.
1434:
1425:
1416:
1407:
1405:, p. 187.
1392:
1380:
1367:
1346:
1313:
1304:
1292:
1280:
1267:
1254:
1252:, 20 juin 1936
1241:
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1048:
1041:
1034:
1027:
1020:
1014:
1011:Poètes oubliés
1007:
1000:
993:
986:
979:
965:
957:
956:
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946:
939:
931:
928:
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806:
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793:
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786:
779:
776:La Conquérante
771:
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728:
717:
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703:
694:
691:
686:
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681:
678:Folkfuck Folie
662:
655:
642:
627:
624:
561:
558:
537:Georges Mandel
468:
465:
415:Katyn massacre
387:fall of France
358:Pierre Gaxotte
343:
340:
268:Henri Langlois
264:Georges Sadoul
249:
246:
240:
237:
180:
177:
161:Jacques Doriot
125:
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65:(aged 35)
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3623:
3621:
3620:Paul Ramadier
3618:
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3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3595:Justin Godart
3593:
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3586:
3583:
3581:
3580:Jacques Ellul
3578:
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3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3560:Albert Bedane
3558:
3557:
3555:
3553:
3547:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3530:André Rogerie
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3505:Henry Bulawko
3503:
3501:
3500:Henri Borlant
3498:
3496:
3495:Joseph Bialot
3493:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3477:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
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3435:Guy Deutscher
3433:
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3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
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3397:Claude Rodier
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
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3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3367:Bernard Natan
3365:
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3355:
3353:
3352:Bereck Kofman
3350:
3348:
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3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3332:Salomon Gluck
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
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3308:
3307:Marianne Cohn
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3282:Henri Abraham
3280:
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3262:
3260:
3259:Xavier Vallat
3257:
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3250:
3247:
3245:
3244:Maurice Papon
3242:
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3214:
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3211:Collaborators
3208:
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3177:
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3154:René Bousquet
3152:
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3138:
3132:
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3127:
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3068:
3065:
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3060:
3058:
3057:Herbert Hagen
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3042:Alois Brunner
3040:
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3018:
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3000:
2999:
2997:
2991:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2966:Documentation
2963:
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2723:
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2717:
2716:The Holocaust
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2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
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2116:
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2111:Active groups
2109:
2103:
2100:
2098:
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2088:
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2078:
2075:
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2063:
2062:Ordre Nouveau
2060:
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2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
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2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2007:Europe-Action
2005:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1991:
1985:
1982:
1980:
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1967:
1965:
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1650:
1647:
1641:
1640:National Post
1637:
1634:
1632:by Kim Koster
1631:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1602:
1596:
1592:
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1579:
1577:
1576:0-7734-7158-8
1573:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1563:0-8204-3126-5
1560:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1550:0-520-02710-8
1547:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1529:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1514:Kaplan, Alice
1511:
1510:
1506:
1505:
1491:
1487:
1481:
1473:
1469:
1463:
1456:
1450:
1443:
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1404:
1399:
1397:
1390:, p. 71.
1389:
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977:2-253-01517-2
974:
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959:
958:
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949:
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944:
940:
938:
934:
933:
924:
920:
918:(Our pre-war)
917:
913:
910:
906:
903:
899:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
873:
870:
866:
862:
858:
855:
854:
849:
848:Léon Degrelle
845:
841:
838:
834:
831:
827:
826:
821:
818:
814:
811:
807:
804:
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780:
777:
773:
772:
768:
763:
762:
757:
756:
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747:
742:
741:
737:
736:Prix Goncourt
733:
729:
726:
722:
718:
715:
711:
708:
704:
701:
697:
696:
690:
679:
675:
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534:
530:
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522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
485:
483:
479:
478:homosexuality
475:
464:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
441:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
411:
409:
404:
403:Nazi policies
400:
399:collaboration
396:
392:
388:
383:
381:
380:
375:
371:
367:
363:
362:Leon Degrelle
359:
355:
351:
350:
339:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
312:Frank Borzage
309:
305:
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297:
293:
289:
285:
284:
279:
278:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
256:
245:
236:
235:(see below).
234:
230:
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222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
176:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
153:
145:
139:
131:
122:
119:
116:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:Conviction(s)
98:
94:
90:
88:Occupation(s)
86:
83:
80:
76:
71:
60:
56:
51:
46:31 March 1909
45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
16:
3688:
3681:
3674:
3662:
3600:Père Jacques
3565:Marc Boegner
3525:Sarah Kofman
3490:Louise Alcan
3470:Rose Warfman
3387:Victor Perez
3342:Paul Hermann
3287:Victor Basch
3254:Paul Touvier
3218:
3201:Vichy Police
3193:
3184:André Tulard
3174:Pierre Laval
3141:Vichy France
3128:
3121:
3109:
3077:Kurt Lischka
3072:Josef Kramer
3037:Heinz Röthke
3017:Klaus Barbie
3012:Horst Ahnert
2994:Perpetrators
2873:Villeurbanne
2838:Green ticket
2718:by country:
2658:Algerian War
2653:Vichy France
2609:
2597:
2590:
2576:
2569:
2562:
2555:
2535:
2523:
2518:Maurrassisme
2516:
2509:
2233:The Patriots
2133:Alsace First
2042:Jeune Nation
1868:
1830:
1823:
1806:
1799:
1792:
1785:
1778:
1761:
1756:Croix-de-Feu
1754:
1747:
1730:
1628:
1620:
1582:
1567:
1554:
1541:
1517:
1507:Bibliography
1493:. Retrieved
1489:
1480:
1472:the original
1462:
1454:
1449:
1437:
1428:
1419:
1410:
1383:
1375:
1374:Karen Fiss,
1370:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1337:. Retrieved
1331:
1307:
1287:
1283:
1270:
1257:
1249:
1244:
1236:
1231:
1207:
1203:
1195:
1190:
1182:
1177:
1172:, p. 1.
1165:
1153:. Retrieved
1142:
1139:"Poison pen"
1129:
1114:
1107:
1100:
1093:
1086:
1079:
1072:
1066:Abel Bonnard
1065:
1058:
1051:
1044:
1037:
1030:
1023:
1017:
1010:
1003:
996:
989:
982:
968:
961:
942:
936:
922:
915:
908:
901:
868:
865:Henri Massis
860:
853:Rexist Party
851:
843:
836:
823:
816:
809:
802:
789:
782:
775:
731:
720:
713:
706:
699:
688:
677:
673:
659:Denise Roger
649:
636:
619:
617:
610:
605:
589:Alice Kaplan
586:
575:
570:
566:
563:
529:firing squad
521:Jean Anouilh
509:Jean Cocteau
505:Albert Camus
501:Paul Claudel
486:
481:
470:
459:. After the
456:
452:
438:
422:
412:
395:Vichy regime
390:
384:
377:
347:
345:
320:Yasujirō Ozu
302:and to some
281:
275:
271:
253:
251:
242:
232:
223:. After the
182:
150:
129:
128:
63:(1945-02-06)
15:
3771:1945 deaths
3766:1909 births
3725:Armée Juive
3605:Henri Manen
3552:the Nations
3540:Léon Zyguel
3465:Simone Veil
3460:Léon Schwab
3455:David Olère
3417:David Vogel
3302:Kadmi Cohen
3292:Hélène Berr
3234:René Gérard
3027:Kurt Blanke
3022:Werner Best
2936:Romainville
2790:Netherlands
2617:TV-Libertés
2581: [
2511:Boulangisme
2404:Malliarakis
1700:de Gobineau
1442:Kaplan 2000
1403:Kaplan 2000
1388:Kaplan 2000
1170:Kaplan 2000
1155:7 September
1073:Les Captifs
819:(Portraits)
796:Non-fiction
725:Prix Femina
670:Peste Noire
666:black metal
497:Paul Valéry
300:Jean Renoir
3760:Categories
3645:Varian Fry
3585:Mary Elmes
3520:René Kapel
3082:Carl Oberg
3002:Otto Abetz
2946:Rivesaltes
2921:Pithiviers
2868:Vel' d'Hiv
2785:Luxembourg
2642:Revanchism
2454:Saint-Loup
2354:Fredriksen
2334:de Lesquen
2329:de Benoist
2218:Reconquête
1869:Brasillach
1787:La Cagoule
1715:de Lapouge
1705:de Maistre
1683:Precursors
1615:Photograph
1122:References
593:James Dean
580:'s essay "
482:inter alia
474:homophobic
408:Case Anton
379:Mein Kampf
316:King Vidor
296:René Clair
292:G.W. Pabst
3655:Memorials
3482:testimony
3427:Survivors
3402:Alma Rosé
3347:Max Jacob
3297:René Blum
3239:Jean Mamy
2951:Septfonds
2926:Récébédou
2853:Marseille
2780:Lithuania
2531:Pétainism
2449:Reynouard
2429:Philippot
2379:Le Gallou
2364:Holeindre
2359:Gollnisch
2279:Benedetti
1909:Déroulède
1854:Bainville
1695:Boulanger
1638:from The
1339:20 August
1068:biography
889:Falangist
674:Psaume IV
648:'s novel
533:Montrouge
427:left-wing
374:Falangist
366:Waffen-SS
308:John Ford
304:Hollywood
185:Perpignan
179:Biography
50:Perpignan
3715:See also
2931:Rieucros
2915:subcamps
2830:Roundups
2740:Bulgaria
2564:Éléments
2469:Stirbois
2439:Rachline
2409:Maréchal
2309:Brigneau
2299:Bousquet
2269:Bardella
2264:Bardèche
2057:Occident
1984:Vaugeois
1939:Maulnier
1914:Dorgères
1904:Deloncle
1879:Clémenti
1763:Faisceau
1516:(2000).
1149:Archived
1018:Dom Rémy
997:Bérénice
546:Charonne
372:and his
332:Falstaff
215:for the
209:novelist
165:executed
72:, France
52:, France
3692:
3480:Witness
3274:Victims
2820:Ukraine
2805:Romania
2760:Hungary
2750:Estonia
2745:Croatia
2735:Belgium
2730:Belarus
2725:Austria
2720:Albania
2611:Rivarol
2599:Présent
2494:Zemmour
2424:Messiha
2294:Bouchet
2289:Bompard
2148:Civitas
1993:Defunct
1974:Rebatet
1964:Plateau
1949:Maxence
1944:Maurras
1889:Darnard
1864:Bonnard
1710:Drumont
1226:, 25-27
893:Carlist
785:(Poems)
664:French
513:Colette
354:fascist
227:in the
193:Morocco
157:fascist
108:Treason
70:Arcueil
3130:Milice
2956:Vernet
2906:Milles
2896:Drancy
2815:Serbia
2810:Russia
2800:Poland
2795:Norway
2770:Latvia
2755:France
2571:Minute
2484:Venner
2474:Susini
2444:Ravier
2419:Ménard
2414:Mégret
2399:Maribe
2344:Duprat
2324:Coston
2314:Briois
2254:Antony
1979:Vallat
1959:Pétain
1954:Ousset
1929:Guénon
1919:Doriot
1894:Daudet
1884:Coston
1874:Bucard
1849:Barrès
1801:Milice
1690:Bonald
1597:
1574:
1561:
1548:
1524:
1210:, p.39
1198:, p.40
1101:Fulgur
975:
863:(with
835:1936,
790:Poèmes
783:Poèmes
693:Novels
571:Lettre
560:Legacy
541:Milice
248:Cinema
239:Author
2883:Camps
2848:Izieu
2775:Libya
2765:Italy
2585:]
2464:Soral
2459:Sidos
2369:Jalkh
2319:Camus
2284:Binet
2259:Ayoub
2249:Aliot
2188:GRECE
2128:AGRIF
2123:Adsav
1934:Laval
1495:8 May
1144:Salon
1113:2002
1106:1999
1099:1992
1092:1985
1085:1985
1078:1984
1071:1974
1064:1971
1057:1970
1050:1968
1043:1967
1036:1963
1029:1963
1022:1962
1016:1961
1009:1961
1002:1955
995:1954
988:1953
981:1952
967:1950
960:1947
941:1946
935:1945
921:1944
914:1941
907:1939
900:1938
859:1936
842:1936
815:1935
808:1932
801:1931
788:1944
781:1944
774:1943
738:1939.
730:1939
719:1937
712:1936
705:1934
698:1932
685:Works
668:band
635:film
550:Paris
336:Raimu
118:Death
2901:Gurs
2863:Lyon
2489:Vial
2434:Pujo
2394:Luce
2374:Lang
2349:Faye
2339:Dior
2304:Blot
1969:Pujo
1899:Déat
1595:ISBN
1572:ISBN
1559:ISBN
1546:ISBN
1522:ISBN
1497:2024
1341:2019
1157:2019
973:ISBN
891:and
727:1937
631:The
523:and
507:,
455:and
401:and
352:, a
326:and
314:and
298:and
280:and
211:and
58:Died
43:Born
2274:Bay
1224:NRH
609:'s
531:in
219:of
197:née
191:in
3762::
2583:fr
1593:.
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1395:^
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511:,
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322:,
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