343:
that its ends were supported by ground beyond the tunnel walls. Once all the components had been manufactured, installation work began in June 2018, and continued until
October 2018. The scheme was managed by a joint venture comprising Skanska, MWH Treatment, and Balfour Beatty (SMB JV), with Stantec UK Ltd as a designer and McAllister Group carrying out the on-site work. The steel truss is expected to last for 120 years without maintenance, while the GFRP liner has a life span of 50 years. The innovative nature of the solution resulted in the project being given a commendation by the
335:, who own the sewer, looked at ways to rectify the problem. Three options were considered. The first involved replacing the bridge and strengthening the walls of the tunnel, but this would have involved closing the railway for three months, at a cost of some £30 million, in addition to the cost of the work. Above the sewer there were reinforced concrete slabs, thought to have been installed during the Second World War, and the second option was to hang a new structure from these. However, further investigation showed that the slabs were not sufficiently robust for this to be safe.
33:
26:
282:
152:, a name which is thought to mean "two-burn". This may refer to the two branches of the Tyburn which passed through Marylebone and converged to the north of Oxford Street. Ekwall, writing in 1928, suggested that the name meant boundary stream as it followed a course between Lilestone manor and Tyburn manor, but this is now questioned, as both of the river banks were in Tyburn manor.
331:, the railway passed beneath the Kings Scholars Pond Sewer, which was supported by a bridge structure attached to the side walls of the tunnel. By the late 2010s, the bridge and sewer had settled below their original level by 6.5 inches (166 mm), and were encroaching on the space needed by the trains.
302:
The stream's southward route followed
Lansdowne Row, the north-east of Curzon Street then White Horse Street and the pedestrian avenue of Green Park to the front gates of Buckingham Palace (foot of Constitution Hill) from where one mouth used the depression of St James's Park Lake and Downing Street
342:
within the existing sewer, fitted with a glass fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP) liner. The entire structure was made of small modular parts, which could be fitted through a 24-by-30-inch (600 by 750 mm) access hole. When assembled, the structure would be longer than the railway tunnel width, so
25:
155:
The Tyburn is also known as the Aye and the Kings
Scholars Pond Sewer, though it has to be remembered that the word "sewer" originally referred to an open channel used for the drainage of surface water, and it was illegal to pollute them with offensive material prior to 1815.
292:
near the junction of Oxford Street and Davies Street claims that the body of water which can be seen in an open conduit in the basement of its premises is part of the Tyburn; it is undoubtedly close to the culverted course of the stream. The
148:, a suggestion reinforced by context, with the river forming the western boundary of the estate described. It is also mentioned in Edgar's Charter, dating from AD 951, where it is rendered as
196:, Pimlico, Westminster. The river's current path is fully enclosed by concrete, bricks, parks and roads, flowing through underground conduits for its entire length, including one beneath
204:, Jason Court, Gees Court, South Molton Lane then Bruton Lane, defy the grid system of streets as the streets follow the former path of the Tyburn on what was its left bank through
652:
168:
then used as a sewer, this 7-mile (11 km) brook rose from the confluence of two streams in the hills of South
Hampstead, deriving from the broad ravine between Barrow and
208:
village. Most of its catchment drains into soakaways in gravel soil, in turn into the chalk water table beneath or into the two-type and hybrid type of drainage set out in
714:
597:
863:
819:
619:
756:
303:
to reach two close-paired mouths. A third distributary is untraced in the building lines and street layout to
Thorney Street close to
648:
307:, whilst a fourth distributary forms the natural collect for a 3-metre (9.8 ft) sewer pipe, King's Scholar's Pond Sewer, to the
514:
The lost rivers of London: a study of their effects upon London and
Londoners, and the effects of London and Londoners upon them
858:
731:
699:
680:
521:
443:
327:
was constructed in the early 1860s, it used cut and cover techniques to excavate the tunnels for the underground railway. At
537:
764:
563:
344:
466:
356:
868:
710:
589:
361:
181:
47:, W.J. Loftie, 1884 showing at centre the brook, it ran east of the elevated key crossroads marked by the
243:
to Regent's Park. To enter the park's perimeter the part-foul (combined) run is carried enpiped over the
40:
77:
366:
328:
270:, where from late medieval times until the 18th century traitors were left following hanging at
221:
285:
An antiques shop claims that part of the river flows through an open conduit in its basement.
188:
was built. As the map shows, these again split in two, one in the then lower, thus typically
289:
8:
308:
240:
101:
750:
727:
695:
676:
517:
439:
324:
244:
217:
197:
185:
76:, England. Its main successor sewers emulate its main courses, but it resembled the
797:
275:
209:
173:
125:
108:
at four sites, grouped into pairs. These pairs were near
Whitehall Stairs (east of
299:
website describes this suggestion as "fanciful", as the modern Tyburn is a sewer.
768:
312:
236:
201:
541:
567:
304:
251:
213:
193:
189:
113:
109:
339:
323:
The Kings
Scholars Pond Sewer was constructed between 1848 and 1856. When the
271:
231:
its successor is
Scholar's Pond Sewer southward along that avenue through the
852:
834:
821:
267:
263:
232:
169:
97:
467:"Illustrations 1, 4 and the webpage of the Walbrook River page - a synopsis"
784:
332:
177:
129:
121:
117:
808:
255:
56:
48:
140:
A charter of AD 959 appears to mention the river, which it refers to as
69:
259:
205:
89:
52:
470:
84:
in that it had many distributaries (inland mouths). It ran from South
295:
228:
85:
81:
32:
165:
105:
93:
274:. Tyburn gave its name to the predecessors of Oxford Street and
227:
From its source at the
Shepherd's Well near Fitzjohns Avenue in
73:
281:
749:
266:
and which stood approximately at the west end of what is now
631:
629:
379:
626:
415:
391:
497:
J. G. White, History of The Ward of Walbrook. (1904)
403:
765:Silent UK – Urban Exploration: River Tyburn (2009)
499:Andrew Duncan, Secret London. (6th Edition, 2009)
176:, Hampstead. At Green Park, the waters split into
590:"How To Catch A Glimpse Of The Lost River Tyburn"
850:
436:Subterranean City: Beneath the Streets of London
311:interceptor, saving it from discharging west of
724:Citadel of the Saxons, the Rise of Early London
438:. London: Historical Publications. p. 33.
250:The Tyburn gave its name to the former area of
212:. In the Tyburn's depression run key (lateral)
172:. Its main source was the Shepherd's Well near
709:Hanfi, Asad; Edwards, Neal (1 October 2018).
651:. Institution of Structural Engineers. 2023.
564:"Silent UK – Urban Exploration: River Tyburn"
708:
635:
278:—Tyburn Road and Tyburn Lane, respectively.
670:
649:"King's Scholars Pond Sewer Rehabilitation"
620:"King's Scholars Pond Sewer Rehabilitation"
397:
192:, where Whitehall sits, the other close to
31:
671:Barton, Nicholas; Myers, Stephen (2016).
721:
689:
421:
409:
385:
338:The solution adopted was to construct a
280:
655:from the original on 30 September 2022.
433:
851:
511:
717:from the original on 26 January 2022.
132:tributary (west, on the north bank).
864:Geography of the City of Westminster
711:"King's Scholars' Pond Sewer (2018)"
566:. SilentUK.com. 2009. Archived from
507:
505:
493:Springs, Streams, and Spas of London
461:
459:
457:
455:
345:Institution of Structural Engineers
13:
112:), and by Thorney Street, between
14:
880:
742:
502:
452:
600:from the original on 2 July 2022
24:
663:
641:
612:
582:
357:Tributaries of the River Thames
144:, which probably translates as
120:. Its much smaller cousin, the
556:
538:"Grays: The Lost River Tyburn"
530:
427:
318:
1:
859:Subterranean rivers of London
372:
362:Subterranean rivers of London
200:. Several streets, including
7:
791:Next confluence downstream
771: (archived 3 June 2013)
675:. Historical Publications.
516:. Historical Publications.
495:Alfred Stanley Foord (1910)
488:London Beneath the Pavement
350:
55:(Oswald's Stone); today by
10:
885:
690:Halliday, Stephen (2008).
713:. Water Projects Online.
692:The Great Stink of London
673:The Lost Rivers of London
512:Barton, Nicholas (1962).
478:The Lost Rivers of London
367:List of rivers in England
190:Spring tide immersed bank
159:
124:, was a tributary of the
18:Stream in London, England
779:Next confluence upstream
636:Hanfi & Edwards 2018
434:Clayton, Antony (2000).
262:, which was recorded in
757:Encyclopædia Britannica
726:. Bloomsbury Academic.
722:Naismith, Rory (2019).
490:Michael Harrison (1961)
398:Barton & Myers 2016
135:
811:(south or right bank)
760:(11th ed.). 1911.
540:. 2008. Archived from
485:Anthony Clayton (2000)
480:Nicholas Barton (1962)
286:
869:Thames drainage basin
800:(north or left bank)
694:. The History Press.
475:It cites these books:
284:
329:Baker Street station
290:Grays Antique Centre
100:parish/district and
831: /
388:, pp. 131–132.
309:Victoria Embankment
45:A History of London
835:51.5136°N 0.1486°W
544:on 8 November 2020
473:on 4 October 2013.
287:
222:Interceptor sewers
815:
814:
733:978-1-350-13568-0
701:978-0-7509-2580-8
682:978-1-905286-51-5
523:978-0-948667-15-2
483:Subterranean City
445:978-0-948667-69-5
424:, pp. 28–29.
325:Metropolitan Line
216:which connect to
198:Buckingham Palace
186:Westminster Abbey
80:in its county of
876:
846:
845:
843:
842:
841:
840:51.5136; -0.1486
836:
832:
829:
828:
827:
824:
798:River Westbourne
775:
774:
761:
753:
737:
718:
705:
686:
657:
656:
645:
639:
633:
624:
623:
622:. Stantec. 2019.
616:
610:
609:
607:
605:
586:
580:
579:
577:
575:
560:
554:
553:
551:
549:
534:
528:
527:
509:
500:
474:
469:. Archived from
463:
450:
449:
431:
425:
419:
413:
407:
401:
395:
389:
383:
340:Vierendeel truss
247:then culverted.
220:'s west-to-east
210:Victorian London
174:Fitzjohns Avenue
35:
28:
884:
883:
879:
878:
877:
875:
874:
873:
849:
848:
839:
837:
833:
830:
825:
822:
820:
818:
817:
769:Wayback Machine
748:
745:
740:
734:
702:
683:
666:
661:
660:
647:
646:
642:
634:
627:
618:
617:
613:
603:
601:
596:. 3 July 2019.
588:
587:
583:
573:
571:
562:
561:
557:
547:
545:
536:
535:
531:
524:
510:
503:
498:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
465:
464:
453:
446:
432:
428:
420:
416:
408:
404:
396:
392:
384:
380:
375:
353:
321:
313:Vauxhall Bridge
237:South Hampstead
202:Marylebone Lane
162:
146:Boundary Stream
138:
62:
61:
60:
42:
37:
36:
29:
19:
12:
11:
5:
882:
872:
871:
866:
861:
813:
812:
806:
801:
794:
793:
788:
781:
773:
772:
762:
751:"Tyburn"
744:
743:External links
741:
739:
738:
732:
719:
706:
700:
687:
681:
667:
665:
662:
659:
658:
640:
625:
611:
581:
570:on 3 June 2013
555:
529:
522:
501:
451:
444:
426:
414:
402:
390:
377:
376:
374:
371:
370:
369:
364:
359:
352:
349:
320:
317:
305:Lambeth Bridge
272:Tyburn Gallows
245:Regent's Canal
194:Vincent Square
182:Thorney Island
178:distributaries
170:Primrose Hills
164:Before it was
161:
158:
137:
134:
114:Millbank Tower
110:Downing Street
68:was a stream (
39:
38:
30:
23:
22:
21:
20:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
881:
870:
867:
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856:
854:
847:
844:
810:
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802:
799:
796:
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789:
787:
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770:
766:
763:
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747:
746:
735:
729:
725:
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712:
707:
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674:
669:
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621:
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569:
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543:
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533:
525:
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508:
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494:
489:
484:
479:
472:
468:
462:
460:
458:
456:
447:
441:
437:
430:
423:
422:Halliday 2008
418:
412:, p. 26.
411:
410:Halliday 2008
406:
400:, p. 54.
399:
394:
387:
386:Naismith 2019
382:
378:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
354:
348:
346:
341:
336:
334:
330:
326:
316:
314:
310:
306:
300:
298:
297:
291:
283:
279:
277:
273:
269:
268:Oxford Street
265:
264:Domesday Book
261:
257:
253:
248:
246:
242:
238:
234:
233:Swiss Cottage
230:
225:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
157:
153:
151:
147:
143:
133:
131:
128:and the next
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
58:
54:
50:
46:
43:Extract from
41:
34:
27:
16:
816:
804:River Tyburn
803:
790:
785:River Thames
783:
778:
755:
723:
691:
672:
664:Bibliography
643:
614:
602:. Retrieved
593:
584:
572:. Retrieved
568:the original
558:
546:. Retrieved
542:the original
532:
513:
492:
487:
482:
477:
471:the original
435:
429:
417:
405:
393:
381:
337:
333:Thames Water
322:
301:
294:
288:
249:
226:
163:
154:
149:
145:
141:
139:
122:Tyburn Brook
118:Thames House
106:tidal Thames
104:to meet the
66:River Tyburn
65:
63:
44:
15:
838: /
809:River Effra
319:Maintenance
241:Avenue Road
180:, creating
57:Marble Arch
49:Tyburn Tree
853:Categories
823:51°30′49″N
604:28 October
373:References
260:Marylebone
218:Bazalgette
206:Marylebone
126:Westbourne
102:Green Park
98:St James's
90:Marylebone
88:, through
53:Ossulstone
826:0°08′55″W
594:Londonist
574:24 August
347:in 2021.
296:Londonist
276:Park Lane
229:Hampstead
184:on which
166:culverted
150:Teo-burna
86:Hampstead
82:Middlesex
715:Archived
653:Archived
598:Archived
351:See also
235:part of
142:Merfleot
767:at the
548:18 June
94:Mayfair
730:
698:
679:
520:
442:
252:Tyburn
239:under
214:sewers
160:Course
130:Thames
74:London
256:manor
78:Colne
72:) in
70:bourn
728:ISBN
696:ISBN
677:ISBN
606:2019
576:2016
550:2010
518:ISBN
440:ISBN
254:, a
136:Name
116:and
64:The
51:and
258:of
224:.
855::
754:.
628:^
592:.
504:^
454:^
315:.
96:,
92:,
736:.
704:.
685:.
638:.
608:.
578:.
552:.
526:.
448:.
59:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
