Ganges - Knowledge

5099:"To reduce the water pollution in one of Asia's major rivers, the Indian Government initiated the Ganga Action Plan in 1985. The objective of this centrally funded scheme was to treat the effluent from all the major towns along the Ganges and reduce pollution in the river by at least 75%. The Ganga Action Plan built upon the existing but weakly enforced, 1974 Water Prevention and Control Act. A government audit of the Ganga Action Plan in 2000 reported limited success in meeting effluent targets. Development plans for sewage treatment facilities were submitted by only 73% of the cities along the Ganges, and only 54% of these were judged acceptable by the authorities. Not all the cities reported how much effluent was being treated, and many continued to discharge raw sewage into the river. Test audits of installed capacity indicated poor performance, and there were long delays in constructing planned treatment facilities. After 15 yr. of implementation, the audit estimated that the Ganga Action Plan had achieved only 14% of the anticipated sewage treatment capacity. The environmental impact of this failure has been exacerbated by the removal of large quantities of irrigation water from the Ganges which offset any gains from effluent reductions." 2426:. It was assumed that during the worst dry season the Ganges flow would be around 1,400 to 1,600 m/s (49,000 to 57,000 cu ft/s), thus leaving 280 to 420 m/s (9,900 to 14,800 cu ft/s) for the then East Pakistan. East Pakistan objected and a protracted dispute ensued. In 1996 a 30-year treaty was signed with Bangladesh. The terms of the agreement are complicated, but in essence, they state that if the Ganges flow at Farakka was less than 2,000 m/s (71,000 cu ft/s) then India and Bangladesh would each receive 50% of the water, with each receiving at least 1,000 m/s (35,000 cu ft/s) for alternating ten-day periods. However, within a year the flow at Farakka fell to levels far below the historic average, making it impossible to implement the guaranteed sharing of water. In March 1997, flow of the Ganges in Bangladesh dropped to its lowest ever, 180 m/s (6,400 cu ft/s). Dry season flows returned to normal levels in the years following, but efforts were made to address the problem. One plan is for another barrage to be built in Bangladesh at 2927: 4910:"The Ganges, also known as the Ganga, is one of the world's major rivers, running for more than 2,500 kilometres from the Himalayas to the Bay of Bengal. It is also one of the most polluted, primarily from sewage, but also from animal carcasses, human corpses, and soap, and other pollutants from bathers. Indeed, scientists measure fecal coliform levels at thousands of times what is permissible and levels of oxygen in the water are similarly unhealthy. Renewal efforts have centred primarily on the government-sponsored Ganga Action Plan (GAP), started in 1985 intending to clean up the river by 1993. Several western-style sewage treatment plants were built along the river, but they were poorly designed, poorly maintained, and prone to shut down during the region's frequent power outages. The GAP has been a colossal failure, and many argue that the river is more polluted now than it was in 1985." (p. 166) 5113:"Many social traditions and customs are not only helping in environmental degradation but are causing obstruction to environmental management and planning. The failure of the Ganga Action Plan to clean the sacred river is partly associated with our traditions and beliefs. The disposal of dead bodies, the immersion of idols, and public bathing are part of Hindu customs and rituals which are based on the notion that the sacred river leads to the path of salvation, and under no circumstances its water can become impure. Burning of dead bodies through wood, bursting of crackers during Diwali, putting thousands of tonnes of fuelwood under fire during Holi, immersion of Durga and Ganesh idols into rivers and seas, etc. are part of Hindu customs and are detrimental to the environment. These and many other rituals need rethinking and modification in the light of contemporary situations." (p. 92) 4969:"There have been various projects to clean up the Ganges and other rivers, led by the Indian government's Ganga Action Plan launched in 1985 by Rajiv Gandhi, grandson of Jawaharlal Nehru. Its relative failure has been blamed on mismanagement, corruption, and technological mistakes, but also lack of support from religious authorities. This may well be partly because the Brahmin priests are so invested in the idea of the Ganges' purity and afraid that any admission of its pollution will undermine the central role of the water in ritual, as well as their own authority. There are many temples along the river, conducting a brisk trade in ceremonies, including funerals, and sometimes also the sale of bottled Ganga Jal. The more traditional Hindu priests still believe that blessing Ganga Jal purifies it, although they are now a very small minority given the scale of the problem." (p. 248) 4967:"Sacred ritual is only one source of pollution. The main source of contamination is organic waste—sewage, trash, food, and human and animal remains. Around a billion liters of untreated raw sewage are dumped into the Ganges each day, along with massive amounts of agricultural chemicals (including DDT), industrial pollutants, and toxic chemical waste from the booming industries along the river. The level of pollution is now 10,000 percent higher than the government standard for safe river bathing (let alone drinking). One result of this situation is an increase in waterborne diseases, including cholera, hepatitis, typhoid, and amoebic dysentery. An estimated 80 percent of all health problems and one-third of deaths in India are attributable to waterborne illnesses." (p. 247) 2923:, one of his co-wives. In one popular story, envious of being outdone by each other, the co-wives begin to quarrel. While Lakshmi attempts to mediate the quarrel, Ganga and Sarasvati, heap misfortune on each other. They curse each other to become rivers, and to carry within them, by washing, the sins of their human worshippers. Soon their husband, Vishnu, arrives and decides to calm the situation by separating the goddesses. He orders Sarasvati to marry Brahma, Ganga to marry Shiva, and Lakshmi, as the blameless conciliator, to remain as his own wife. Ganga and Sarasvati, however, are so distraught at this dispensation, and wail so loudly, that Vishnu is forced to take back his words. Consequently, in their lives as rivers they are still thought to be with him. 3659: 3105: 4946:"In February 1985, the Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India launched the Ganga Action Plan, an environmental project to improve the river water quality. It was the largest single attempt to clean up a polluted river anywhere in the world and has not achieved any success in terms of preventing pollution load and improvement in the water quality of the river. Failure of the Ganga Action Plan may be directly linked with environmental planning without proper understanding of the human-environment interactions. The bibliography of selected environmental research studies on the Ganga River is, therefore, an essential first step for preserving and maintaining the Ganga River ecosystem in future." 1887:. Between the 12th and 16th centuries, the Bhagirathi-Hooghly and Padma channels were more or less equally significant. After the 16th century, the Padma grew to become the main channel of the Ganges. It is thought that the Bhagirathi-Hooghly became increasingly choked with silt, causing the main flow of the Ganges to shift to the southeast and the Padma River. By the end of the 18th century, the Padma had become the main distributary of the Ganges. One result of this shift to the Padma was that the Ganges now joined the Meghna and Brahmaputra rivers before emptying into the Bay of Bengal. The present confluence of the Ganges and Meghna was formed very recently, about 150 years ago. 1754:. The Ganges basin, including the delta but not the Brahmaputra or Meghna basins, is about 1,080,000 km (420,000 sq mi), of which 861,000 km (332,000 sq mi) is in India (about 80%), 140,000 km (54,000 sq mi) in Nepal (13%), 46,000 km (18,000 sq mi) in Bangladesh (4%), and 33,000 km (13,000 sq mi) in China (3%). Sometimes the Ganges and Brahmaputra–Meghna drainage basins are combined for a total of about 1,600,000 km (620,000 sq mi) or 1,621,000 km (626,000 sq mi). The combined Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna basin (abbreviated GBM or GMB) drainage basin is spread across Bangladesh, 3140: 3065: 5071:"The World Bank estimates the health costs of water pollution in India to be equivalent to three per cent of the country's gross domestic product. With Indian rivers being severely polluted, interlinking them may actually increase these costs. Also, with the widely recognised failure of the Ganga Action Plan, there is a danger that contaminants from the Gangetic basin might enter other basins and destroy their natural cleansing processes. The new areas that will be river-fed after the introduction of the scheme may experience crop failures or routing due to alien compounds carried into their streams from the polluted Gangetic basin streams." (p. 26) 3085: 4659:(ICMR) say that the river is so full of killer pollutants that those living along its banks in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Bengal are more prone to cancer than anywhere else in the country. Conducted by the National Cancer Registry Programme under the ICMR, the study throws up shocking findings indicating that the river is thick with heavy metals and lethal chemicals that cause cancer. According to Deputy Director-General of NCRP A. Nandkumar, the incidence of cancer was highest in the country in areas drained by the Ganges and stated that the problem would be studied deeply and with the findings presented in a report to the health ministry. 3966:) if forest succession was allowed to proceed. In most places forests fail to reach climax conditions due to human causes. The forests of the lower Gangetic Plain, despite thousands of years of human settlement, remained largely intact until the early 20th century. Today only about 3% of the ecoregion is under natural forest and only one large block, south of Varanasi, remains. There are over forty protected areas in the ecoregion, but over half of these are less than 100 square kilometres (39 sq mi). The fauna of the lower Gangetic Plain is similar to the upper plains, with the addition of a number of other species such as the 1186: 1679: 1691: 2518:. The symbolic and religious importance of the Ganges is one of the few things that Hindus, even their skeptics, have agreed upon. Jawaharlal Nehru, a religious iconoclast himself, asked for a handful of his ashes to be thrown into the Ganges. "The Ganga", he wrote in his will, "is the river of India, beloved of her people, round which are intertwined her racial memories, her hopes and fears, her songs of triumph, her victories and her defeats. She has been a symbol of India's age-long culture and civilization, ever-changing, ever-flowing, and yet ever the same Ganga." 1194: 4215: 11106: 1831: 3441: 75: 4971:"Wildlife is also under threat, particularly the river dolphins. They were one of the world's first protected species, given special status under the reign of Emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BC. They're now a critically endangered species, although protected once again by the Indian government (and internationally under the CITES convention). Their numbers have shrunk by 75 per cent over the last 15 years, and they have become extinct in the main tributaries, mainly because of pollution and habitat degradation." (p. 275) 3453: 4927:"But the Indian government, as a whole, appears typically ineffective. Its ability to address itself to a national problem like environmental degradation is typified by the 20-year, $ 100 million Ganga Action Plan, whose purpose was to clean up the Ganges River. Leading Indian environmentalists call the plan a complete failure, due to the same problems that have always beset the government: poor planning, corruption, and a lack of technical knowledge. The river, they say, is more polluted than ever." (pp. 67–68) 2454: 4629:, in a move that according to one newspaper, "could help in efforts to clean the pollution-choked rivers". As of 6 April 2017, the ruling has been commented on in Indian newspapers to be hard to enforce, that experts do not anticipate immediate benefits, that the ruling is "hardly game changing", that experts believe "any follow-up action is unlikely", and that the "judgment is deficient to the extent it acted without hearing others (in states outside Uttarakhand) who have stakes in the matter." 1174: 2530: 4582:

prompt to make it a success. The public of the areas was not taken into consideration. The release of urban and industrial wastes in the river was not controlled fully. The flowing of dirty water through drains and sewers were not adequately diverted. The continuing customs of burning dead bodies, throwing carcasses, washing of dirty clothes by washermen, and immersion of idols and cattle wallowing were not checked. Very little provision of public latrines was made and the open defecation of

4475:(IPCC), in its Fourth Report, stated that the Himalayan glaciers which feed the river were at risk of melting by 2035. The IPCC has now withdrawn that prediction, as the original source admitted that it was speculative and the cited source was not a peer-reviewed finding. In its statement, the IPCC stands by its general findings relating to the Himalayan glaciers being at risk from global warming (with consequent risks to water flow into the Gangetic basin). Many studies have suggested that 1206: 2705: 3715: 4512: 4494: 1656: 5821:, pp. 35–36: "Nowhere is this more in evidence than in the construction of the canal headwork's and particularly the Ganges canal head at Hardwar. The advantage of choosing this site for the headworks was that it took off at a high point (where the river emerges from the hills) and thus avoided the problem of constructing a dam on the sandy bed of the river (the bed was still rocky at Hardwar) and of 'lifting', via embankments, the canal out of the 2785:. Those who are lucky enough to die in Varanasi, are cremated on the banks of the Ganges, and are granted instant salvation. If the death has occurred elsewhere, salvation can be achieved by immersing the ashes in the Ganges. If the ashes have been immersed in another body of water, a relative can still gain salvation for the deceased by journeying to the Ganges, if possible during the lunar "fortnight of the ancestors" in the Hindu calendar month of 2840: 1218: 16183: 1162: 3991: 12238: 11230: 3845: 4727: 4708: 2852:

is considered purifying in Hindu culture because it is thought to both absorb impurities and take them away. The swiftly moving Ganga, especially in its upper reaches, where a bather has to grasp an anchored chain to not be carried away, is especially purifying. What the Ganges removes, however, is not necessarily physical dirt, but symbolic dirt; it wipes away the sins of the bather, not just of the present, but of a lifetime.

11247: 3557:, was appointed, did official enthusiasm and funds return to the Ganges canal project. Although the intervening impasse had seemingly affected Cautley's health and required him to return to Britain in 1845 for recuperation, his European sojourn gave him an opportunity to study contemporary hydraulic works in the United Kingdom and Italy. By the time of his return to India even more supportive men were at the helm, both in the 4387: 3341: 12166: 11296: 11185: 60: 11213: 3495: 2568:, brings throngs of bathers to the banks of the river. A dip in the Ganges on this day is said to rid the bather of ten sins (dasha = Sanskrit "ten"; hara = to destroy) or ten lifetimes of sins. Those who cannot journey to the river, however, can achieve the same results by bathing in any nearby body of water, which, for the true believer, takes on all the attributes of the Ganges. 7740: 2831:. While this is happening, his body on earth, however, is being picked at by vultures, one of whom flies away with a foot bone. Another bird comes after the vulture, and in fighting him off, the vulture accidentally drops the bone into the Ganges below. Blessed by this event, Vahika, on his way to hell, is rescued by a celestial chariot which takes him instead to heaven. 3165:

revered in anthropomorphic form. By the 5th century CE, an elaborate mythology surrounded the Ganges, now a goddess in her own right, and a symbol for all rivers of India. Hindu temples all over India had statues and reliefs of the goddess carved at their entrances, symbolically washing the sins of arriving worshippers and guarding the gods within. As protector of the

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42,470 m/s (1,500,000 cu ft/s). In other cases the average annual discharges of the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna are given separately, at about 16,650 m/s (588,000 cu ft/s) for the Ganges, about 19,820 m/s (700,000 cu ft/s) for the Brahmaputra, and about 5,100 m/s (180,000 cu ft/s) for the Meghna.

3542:, with the Court's assent, granted funds to Cautley for a full survey of the swath of land that underlay and fringed the projected course of the canal. The Court of Directors, moreover, considerably enlarged the scope of the projected canal, which, in consequence of the severity and geographical extent of the famine, they now deemed to be the entire 2803:, a rite for the dead, in which balls of rice and sesame seed are offered to the Ganges while the names of the deceased relatives are recited. Every sesame seed in every ball thus offered, according to one story, assures a thousand years of heavenly salvation for each relative. Indeed, the Ganges is so important in the rituals after death that the 1387:(Karnali River), also flowing south from the Himalayas of Tibet through Nepal joins. The Ghaghara (Karnali), with its average annual flow of about 2,991 m/s (105,600 cu ft/s), is the largest tributary of the Ganges by discharge. After the Ghaghara confluence, the Ganges is joined from the south by the 784 km (487 mi) long 4559:, people who have been bitten by snakes, people who have committed suicide, the poor, and children under 5 are not cremated at the ghats but are left to float free, to decompose in the waters. In addition, those who cannot afford the large amount of wood needed to incinerate the entire body, leave behind many half-burned body parts. 7732: 1898:, shifting east to join the Brahmaputra and causing the Brahmaputra to shift its course south, cutting a new channel. This new main channel of the Brahmaputra is called the Jamuna River. It flows south to join the Ganges-Padma. During ancient times, the main flow of the Brahmaputra was more easterly, passing by the city of 3104: 2406:: "India, again, possesses many rivers both large and navigable, which, having their sources in the mountains which stretch along the northern frontier, traverse the level country, and not a few of these, after uniting with each other, fall into the river called the Ganges. Now this river, which at its source is 30 1399:, join from the north flowing from Nepal, contributing about 1,654 m/s (58,400 cu ft/s) and 2,166 m/s (76,500 cu ft/s), respectively. The Kosi is the third largest tributary of the Ganges by discharge, after Ghaghara (Karnali) and Yamuna. The Kosi merges into the Ganges near Kursela in 11168: 1711:

source is usually assumed to be the source of the Bhagirathi River, Gangotri Glacier at Gomukh and its mouth being the mouth of the Meghna River on the Bay of Bengal. Sometimes the source of the Ganges is considered to be at Haridwar, where its Himalayan headwater streams debouch onto the Gangetic Plain.

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To cope with its chronic water shortages, India employs electric groundwater pumps, diesel-powered tankers, and coal-fed power plants. If the country increasingly relies on these energy-intensive short-term fixes, the whole planet's climate will bear the consequences. India is under enormous pressure

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After passing through Varanasi, and receiving 32 streams of raw sewage from the city, the concentration of fecal coliforms in the river's waters rises from 60,000 to 1.5 million, with observed peak values of 100 million per 100 ml. Drinking and bathing in its waters therefore carries a high

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caste for carrying on an affair with a Muslim woman. Having attempted futilely to be rehabilitated within the Hindu fold, the poet finally appeals to Ganga, the hope of the hopeless, and the comforter of last resort. Along with his beloved, Jagannatha sits at the top of the flight of steps leading to

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The Ganges is a sacred river to Hindus along every fragment of its length. All along its course, Hindus bathe in its waters, paying homage to their ancestors and their gods by cupping the water in their hands, lifting it, and letting it fall back into the river; they offer flowers and rose petals and

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Apart from that, many NGOs have come forward to rejuvenate the river Ganges. Vikrant Tongad, an Environmental specialist from SAFE Green filed a petition against Simbhaoli Sugar Mill (Hapur UP) to NGT. NGT slapped a fine of Rs. 5 crores to Sugar Mill and a fine of Rs. 25 lakhs to

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Temperatures are rising four times faster than elsewhere in China, and the Tibetan glaciers are retreating at a higher speed than in any other part of the world. ... In the short term, this will cause lakes to expand and bring floods and mudflows ... In the long run, the glaciers are vital

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at the banks of the river. Other activities include religious discussions, devotional singing, mass feeding of holy men and women and the poor, and religious assemblies where doctrines are debated and standardized. Kumbh Mela is the most sacred of all the pilgrimages. Thousands of holy men and women

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Hindus consider the waters of the Ganges to be both pure and purifying. Regardless of all scientific understanding of its waters, the Ganges is always ritually and symbolically pure in Hindu culture. Nothing reclaims order from disorder more than the waters of the Ganga. Moving water, as in a river,

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to receive the Ganges in the coils of his tangled hair and break her fall. The Ganges descends, is tamed in Shiva's locks, and arrives in the Himalayas. She is then led by the waiting Bhagiratha down into the plains at Haridwar, across the plains first to the confluence with the Yamuna at Prayag and

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The Ganges suffers from extreme pollution levels, caused by the 400 million people who live close to the river. Sewage from many cities along the river's course, industrial waste and religious offerings wrapped in non-degradable plastics add large amounts of pollutants to the river as it flows

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Human development, mostly agriculture, has replaced nearly all of the original natural vegetation of the Ganges basin. More than 95% of the upper Gangetic Plain has been degraded or converted to agriculture or urban areas. Only one large block of relatively intact habitat remains, running along the

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or full pot of water is the second most discernible element of the Ganga iconography. Appearing first also in the relief in the Udayagiri Caves (5th century), it gradually appeared more frequently as the theme of the goddess matured. By the 7th century it had become an established feature, as seen,

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has a dual symbolism. On the one hand, it represents the life-affirming waters and plants of its environment; on the other, it represents fear, both fear of the unknown which it elicits by lurking in those waters, and real fear which it instils by appearing in sight. The earliest extant unambiguous

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of the river, near the Farakka Barrage and the India-Bangladesh Border. The length of the Ganges is frequently said to be slightly over 2,600 km (1,600 mi) long, about 2,601 km (1,616 mi), 2,525 km (1,569 mi) or 2,650 km (1,650 mi). In these cases the river's

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The project was designed to tackle pollution from twenty-five cities and towns along its banks in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal by intercepting, diverting, and treating their effluents. With the GAP's Phase II, three important tributaries—Damodar, Gomati, and Yamuna—were added to the plan.

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This dolphin used to exist in large schools near urban centres in both the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers but is now seriously threatened by pollution, dam construction and improper fishing methods. Their numbers have now dwindled to a quarter of their numbers of fifteen years before, and they have

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or parasol held by an attendant, for example, in the 7th-century Dasavatara temple at Deogarh. (The parasol can be clearly seen in frame 3 above; its stem can be seen in frame 4, but the rest has broken off.) The cover undergoes another transformation in the temple at Kharod, Bilaspur (9th or 10th

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speaks to two aspects of the Ganges herself. Although she has provided sustenance to millions, she has also brought hardship, injury, and death by causing major floods along her banks. The goddess Ganga is also accompanied by a dwarf attendant, who carries a cosmetic bag, and on whom she sometimes

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arose between India and East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) after India declared its intention to build the Farakka Barrage. The original purpose of the barrage, which was completed in 1975, was to divert up to 1,100 m/s (39,000 cu ft/s) of water from the Ganges to the Bhagirathi-Hooghly

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In December 2009 the World Bank agreed to loan India US$ 1 billion over the next five years to help save the river. According to 2010 Planning Commission estimates, an investment of almost Rs. 70 billion (Rs. 70 billion, approximately US$ 1.5 billion) is needed to clean up the

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The failure of the Ganga Action Plan has also been variously attributed to "environmental planning without proper understanding of the human-environment interactions", Indian "traditions and beliefs", "corruption and a lack of technical knowledge" and "lack of support from religious authorities".

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The Ganga Action Plan, which was taken on priority and with much enthusiasm, was delayed for two years. The expenditure was almost doubled. But the result was not very appreciable. Much expenditure was done on political propaganda. The concerning governments and the related agencies were not very

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In the rainy season of 1809, the lower channel of the Bhagirathi, leading to Kolkata, had been entirely shut; but in the following year it opened again and was nearly of the same size as the upper channel but both however suffered a considerable diminution, owing probably to the new communication

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In some cases, the length of the Ganges is given by its Hooghly River distributary, which is longer than its main outlet via the Meghna River, resulting in a total length of about 2,704 km (1,680 mi), if taken from the source of the Bhagirathi, or 2,321.50 km (1,442.51 mi), if

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Early in ancient Indian culture, the river Ganges was associated with fecundity, its redeeming waters, and its rich silt providing sustenance to all who lived along its banks. A counterpoise to the dazzling heat of the Indian summer, the Ganges came to be imbued with magical qualities and to be

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for this purpose. The main objectives of the Namami Gange project is to improve the water quality by the abatement of pollution and rejuvenation of river Ganga by creating infrastructures like sewage treatment plants, river surface cleaning, biodiversity conservation, afforestation, and public

1875:. The two largest rivers, the Ganges and Brahmaputra, both split into distributary channels, the largest of which merge with other large rivers before themselves joining the Bay of Bengal. But this current channel pattern was not always the case. Over time the rivers in Ganges Delta have often 3612:

at Farakka was opened on 21 April 1975, It is located close to the point where the main flow of the river enters Bangladesh, and the tributary Hooghly (also known as Bhagirathi) continues in West Bengal past Kolkata. This barrage, which feeds the Hooghly branch of the river by a 42 km

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Tourism is another related activity. Three towns holy to Hinduism—Haridwar, Prayagraj, and Varanasi—attract millions of pilgrims to its waters to take a dip in the Ganges, which is believed to cleanse oneself of sins and help attain salvation. The rapids of the Ganges are also popular for

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This river originates on the southern slope of the Himalayan range, and on its way receives supplies from seven major tributaries. Three of them - the Gandak, Karnali (Ghagara) and Kosi — pass through the Himalayan 'Hindu' Kingdom of Nepal, and they supply the major portion of the Ganges

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The discharge of the Ganges also differs by source. Frequently, discharge is described for the mouth of the Meghna River, thus combining the Ganges with the Brahmaputra and Meghna. This results in a total average annual discharge of about 38,000 m/s (1,300,000 cu ft/s), or

3021:="mother") of Hindu worship and culture, accepting all and forgiving all. Unlike other goddesses, she has no destructive or fearsome aspect, destructive though she might be as a river in nature. She is also a mother to other gods. She accepts Shiva's incandescent seed from the fire-god 2493:

to flow through Central India. The Ganges is invoked whenever water is used in Hindu ritual and is therefore present in all sacred waters. Despite this, nothing is more stirring for a Hindu than a dip in the actual river, which is thought to remit sins, especially at one of the famous

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as Governor-General. Canal construction, under Cautley's supervision, now went into full swing. A 560 km (350 mi) long canal, with another 480 km (300 mi) of branch lines, eventually stretched between the headworks in Haridwar, splitting into two branches below

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Along with ever-increasing pollution, water shortages are getting noticeably worse. Some sections of the river are already completely dry. Around Varanasi, the river once had an average depth of 60 metres (200 ft), but in some places, it is now only 10 metres (33 ft).

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contains the world's third-largest store of ice. Qin Dahe, the former head of the China Meteorological Administration, said that the recent fast pace of melting and warmer temperatures will be good for agriculture and tourism in the short term; but issued a strong warning:

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built an irrigation canal on the Yamuna River in the early 17th century. It fell into disuse until 1830, when it was reopened as the Eastern Yamuna Canal, under British control. The reopened canal became a model for the Upper Ganges Canal and all following canal projects.

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As the iconography evolved, sculptors, especially in central India, were producing animated scenes of the goddess, replete with an entourage and suggestive of a queen en route to a river to bathe. A relief similar to the depiction in frame 4 above, is described in

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delta in the east. A significant portion of the discharge from the Ganges comes from the Himalayan mountain system. Within the Himalaya, the Ganges basin spreads almost 1,200 km from the Yamuna-Satluj divide along the Simla ridge forming the boundary with the

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The natural forest of the upper Gangetic Plain has been so thoroughly eliminated it is difficult to assign a natural vegetation type with certainty. There are a few small patches of forest left, and they suggest that much of the upper plains may have supported a

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van Dijk; Iverson; Rhodin; Shaffer; Bour (2014). "Turtles of the World, 7th Edition: Annotated Checklist of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution with Maps, and Conservation Status". In Rhodin; Pritchard; Dijk; Saumure; Buhlmann; Iverson; Mittermeier (eds.).

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River, a tributary of the Ganges. It is located 1.5 km downstream of Ganesh Prayag, the place where Bhilangana meets Bhagirathi. Bhagirathi is called the Ganges after Devprayag. Construction of the dam in an earthquake-prone area was controversial.

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Although some improvements have been made to the quality of the Ganges's water, many people claim that the GAP has been a major failure. The environmental lawyer M. C. Mehta, for example, filed public interest litigation against the project, claiming

2683:. Livid at being disturbed, Kapila sears them with his angry gaze, reduces them to ashes, and dispatches them to the netherworld. Only the waters of the Ganges, then in heaven, can bring the dead sons their salvation. A descendant of these sons, King 4080:(about 8.6%). The lower section (roughly equalling the basin in parts of Bihar and West Bengal) includes major floodplains and is home to almost 100 species. About 46% of these are in the family Cyprinidae, followed by Schilbeidae (about 11.4%) and 3318:

A typical relief of about the ninth century that once stood at the entrance of a temple, the river goddess Ganga is shown as a voluptuously endowed lady with a retinue. Following the iconographic prescription, she stands gracefully on her composite

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Tandon, S.K., and R. Sinha. The Ganga River: A Summary View of a Large River System of the Indian Sub-Continent, in Sen Singh, Dhruv (Ed.), The Indian Rivers: Scientific and Socio-Economic Aspects. Singapore: Springer Nature, 2018, pp. 61–74. ISBN

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and lakes provides a rich growing area for crops such as legumes, chillies, mustard, sesame, sugarcane, and jute. There are also many fishing opportunities along the river, though it remains highly polluted. Also, the major industrial towns of

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region in the middle section of the basin, catches of carp fell from 424.91 metric tons in 1961–1968 to 38.58 metric tons in 2001–2006, and catches of catfish fell from 201.35 metric tons in 1961–1968 to 40.56 metric tons in 2001–2006. In the

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basin in the west to the Singalila Ridge along the Nepal-Sikkim border forming the boundary with the Brahmaputra basin in the east. This section of the Himalaya contains 9 of the 14 highest peaks in the world over 8,000m in height, including

2687:, anxious to restore his ancestors, undertakes rigorous penance and is eventually granted the prize of Ganges's descent from heaven. However, since her turbulent force would also shatter the earth, Bhagiratha persuades Shiva in his abode on 1882:

Before the late 12th century the Bhagirathi-Hooghly distributary was the main channel of the Ganges and the Padma was only a minor spill-channel. The main flow of the river reached the sea not via the modern Hooghly River but rather by the

4711: 3431:

potential, on the order of 200,000 to 250,000 megawatts, nearly half of which could easily be harnessed. As of 1999, India tapped about 12% of the hydroelectric potential of the Ganges and just 1% of the vast potential of the Brahmaputra.

3323:

mount and holds a water pot. The dwarf attendant carries her cosmetic bag, and a ... female holds the stem of a giant lotus leaf that serves as her mistress's parasol. The fourth figure is a male guardian. Often in such reliefs, the

1364:(previously Allahabad), a confluence considered holy in Hinduism. At their confluence the Yamuna is larger than the Ganges contributing about 58.5% of the combined flow, with an average flow of 2,948 m/s (104,100 cu ft/s). 1823:. The Himalayan portion of the basin includes the south-eastern portion of the state of Himachal Pradesh, the entire state of Uttarakhand, the entire country of Nepal and the extreme north-western portion of the state of West Bengal. 2466:

float shallow clay dishes filled with oil and lit with wicks (diyas). On the journey back home from the Ganges, they carry small quantities of river water with them for use in rituals; Ganga Jal, literally "the water of the Ganges".

3670:

with its fertile soil is instrumental to the agricultural economies of India and Bangladesh. The Ganges and its tributaries provide a perennial source of irrigation to a large area. Chief crops cultivated in the area include rice,

3426:

The Ganges and its all tributaries, especially the Yamuna, have been used for irrigation since ancient times. Dams and canals were common in the Gangetic plain by the 4th century BCE. The Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna basin has a huge

3064: 4531:

Varanasi, a city of one million people that many pilgrims visit to take a "holy dip" in the Ganges, releases around 200 million liters of untreated human sewage into the river each day, leading to large concentrations of

3084: 1506:

controls the flow of Ganges, diverting some of the water into a feeder canal linked to the Hooghly for the purpose of keeping it relatively silt-free. The Hooghly River is formed by the confluence of the Bhagirathi River and

10976:, vol. LXVI, no. 15 (10 October 2019), pp. 34–36. "n 1951 the average Indian had access annually to 5,200 cubic meters of water. The figure today is 1,400 ... and will probably fall below 1,000 cubic meters – the 4010:. In a major 2007–2009 study of fish in the Ganges basin (including the river itself and its tributaries, but excluding the Brahmaputra and Meghna basins), a total of 143 fish species were recorded, including 10 non-native 5672: 2708:

Preparations for cremations on the banks of the Ganges in Varanasi, 1903. The dead are being bathed, wrapped in cloth, and covered with wood. The photograph has a caption, "Who dies in the waters of the Ganges obtains

1577:, formed mainly by the large, sediment-laden flows of the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers, is the world's largest delta, at about 64,000 km (25,000 sq mi). It stretches 400 km (250 mi) along the 5013: 3482:

had many canals built, the longest of which, 240 km (150 mi), was built in 1356 on the Yamuna River. Now known as the Western Yamuna Canal, it has fallen into disrepair and been restored several times. The

4879:

to improve water quality, permit safe bathing all along the 2,525 kilometers from the Ganges's origin in the Himalayas to the Bay of Bengal, and make the water potable at important pilgrim and urban centres on its

3298:

In her earliest depictions at temple entrances, the goddess Ganga appeared standing beneath the overhanging branch of a tree, as seen as well in the Udayagiri caves. However, soon the tree cover had evolved into a

7859: 7997: 4677:

to develop its economic potential while also protecting its environment—something few, if any, countries have accomplished. What India does with its water will be a test of whether that combination is possible.

4072:. About 100 species have been recorded from the middle section of the basin (roughly equalling the sections in Uttar Pradesh and parts of Bihar) and more than 55% of these are in family Cyprinidae, followed by 3139: 1023:

The Ganges is a lifeline to tens of millions of people who live in its basin and depend on it for their daily needs. It has been important historically, with many former provincial or imperial capitals such as

5273:

The Ganges is an international river that flows through the territories of India and Bangladesh. In the Indian side, the Ganges is called the Ganga. ... India's Ganga then becomes Padma for a Bangladeshi.

4574:, an environmental initiative that was "the largest single attempt to clean up a polluted river anywhere in the world". The Ganga Action Plan has been described variously as a "failure" and a "major failure". 9270: 4033:

is the most diverse throughout. In the upper section (roughly equalling the basin parts in Uttarakhand) more than 50 species have been recorded and Cyprinidae alone accounts for almost 80% those, followed by

8891: 3586:

and the Ganges in Kanpur (Cawnpore in map). The Ganges Canal, which required a total capital outlay of £2.15 million, was officially opened in 1854 by Lord Dalhousie. According to historian Ian Stone:

2871:

in Varanasi. As he recites each verse of the poem, the water of the Ganges rises one step until in the end it envelops the lovers and carries them away. "I come to you as a child to his mother", begins the

2982:

or the moving, restless, rolling energy in the form of which the otherwise reclusive and unapproachable Shiva appears on earth. As water, this moving energy can be felt, tasted, and absorbed. The war-god

1902:

and joining the Meghna River. Today this channel is a small distributary but retains the name Brahmaputra, sometimes Old Brahmaputra. The site of the old Brahmaputra-Meghna confluence, in the locality of

3705:

in the town of Rishikesh, attracting adventure seekers in the summer months. Several cities such as Kanpur, Kolkata and Patna have also developed riverfront walkways along the banks to attract tourists.

1715:

from Haridwar to the Hooghly's mouth. In other cases the length is said to be about 2,304 km (1,432 mi), from the source of the Bhagirathi to the Bangladesh border, where its name changes to

9235: 9139: 5298: 11142: 9299: 8575: 4096:

region in the lower section of the basin, catches of carp fell from 383.2 metric tons to 118, and catfish from 373.8 metric tons to 194.48. Some of the fish commonly caught in fisheries include

11682: 7967: 4042:(about 12.2%). Sections of the Ganges basin at altitudes above 2,400–3,000 m (7,900–9,800 ft) above sea level are generally without fish. Typical genera approaching this altitude are 2692:

then to Varanasi, and eventually to Ganges Sagar (Ganges delta), where she meets the ocean, sinks to the netherworld, and saves the sons of Sagara. In honour of Bhagirath's pivotal role in the

1890:

Also near the end of the 18th century, the course of the lower Brahmaputra changed dramatically, significantly altering its relationship with the Ganges. In 1787 there was a great flood on the

4816: 1237:

in Hindu culture and mythology, although the Alaknanda is longer, and therefore, hydrologically the source stream. The headwaters of the Alakananda are formed by snow melt from peaks such as

8763: 8192:

Sarkar; Pathak; Sinha; Sivakumar; Pandian; Pandey; Dubey; Lakra (2012). "Freshwater fish biodiversity in the River Ganga (India): changing pattern, threats and conservation perspectives".

3466:

Megasthenes, a Greek ethnographer who visited India during the 3rd century BCE when Mauryans ruled India described the existence of canals in the Gangetic plain. Kautilya (also known as

2965:

is not a one-time event, but a continuously occurring one in which she is forever falling from heaven into his locks and being forever tamed. Shiva, is depicted in Hindu iconography as

10651: 7472: 5294: 9693:. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Dams in the Societies of the 21st Century, 22nd International Congress on Large Dams (ICOLD). Barcelona, Spain: Taylor & Francis. 10573:. IAHS publication no. 286. Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK: International Association of Hydrological Sciences, IAHS International Commission on Water Resources Systems. p. 165. 8391: 4449:

basin in Brazil. There are several marine dolphins whose ranges include some freshwater habitats, but these five are the only dolphins who live only in freshwater rivers and lakes.

3042:

The Ganges is the distilled lifeblood of the Hindu tradition, of its divinities, holy books, and enlightenment. As such, her worship does not require the usual rites of invocation (

5342:

Ganges River (India and Bangladesh); UF (use for) Gangā River (India and Bangladesh); BT (broader term) Rivers—Bangladesh, Rivers—India; NT (narrower term) Padma River (Bangladesh)

8981: 9324: 1860:. This strong seasonal variation underlies many problems of land and water resource development in the region. The seasonality of flow is so acute it can cause both drought and 1383:

joins, flowing south from the Himalayas. The Gomti contributes an average annual flow of about 234 m/s (8,300 cu ft/s). Then the 1,156 km (718 mi) long

4528:

equal three percent of India's GDP. It has also been suggested that eighty percent of all illnesses in India and one-third of deaths can be attributed to water-borne diseases.

3934:

A similar situation is found in the lower Gangetic Plain, which includes the lower Brahmaputra River. The lower plains contain more open forests, which tend to be dominated by

2969:, the "Bearer of the Ganga", with Ganga, shown as spout of water, rising from his hair. The Shiva-Ganga relationship is both perpetual and intimate. Shiva is sometimes called 8336: 5017: 4547:

of the deceased at Varanasi's ghats, the bones and ashes are immersed into the Ganges. However, in the past thousands of uncremated bodies were thrown into the Ganges during

3646:

power generation. Ganges floodwaters along with Brahmaputra waters can be supplied to most of its right side basin area along with central and south India by constructing a

1667:

and Damodar. The hydrology of the Ganges River is very complicated, especially in the Ganges Delta region. One result is different ways to determine the river's length, its

3553:, appeared less receptive to large-scale public works, and for the duration of his tenure, withheld major funds for the project. Only in 1844, when a new Governor-General, 3291:, (9th or 10th century), and seen very clearly in frame 3 above and less clearly in the remaining frames. Worshipped even today, the full pot is emblematic of the formless 1628:

under it, gave rise to the Himalayas, the planet's highest mountain ranges. In the former seabed immediately south of the emerging Himalayas, plate movement created a vast

1264:

Although many small streams comprise the headwaters of the Ganges, the six longest and their five confluences are considered sacred. The six headstreams are the Alaknanda,

8947: 2811:, says, "If only (one) bone of a (deceased) person should touch the water of the Ganges, that person shall dwell honoured in heaven." As if to illustrate this truism, the 1592:

rivers have a greater average discharge than the combined flow of the Ganges, the Brahmaputra, and the Surma-Meghna river system. In full flood only the Amazon is larger.

9181: 5407:. "The tributaries that originate in Nepal and China, including the Kosi, Gandaki, Kamala, Bagmati, Kamali and Mahakali, account for about 45 percent of the Ganges flow." 4520:

through densely populated areas. The problem is exacerbated by the fact that many poorer people rely on the river on a daily basis for bathing, washing, and cooking. The

3295:, as well as of woman, of the womb, and of birth. Furthermore, The river goddesses Ganga and Saraswati were both born from Brahma's pot, containing the celestial waters. 7866: 1845:

in Bangladesh, exceeded 70,000 m/s (2,500,000 cu ft/s). The minimum recorded at the same place was about 180 m/s (6,400 cu ft/s), in 1997.

7989: 5202: 2759:. Among all hymns devoted to the Ganges, there are none more popular than the ones expressing the worshipper's wish to breathe his last surrounded by her waters. The 1352:, which contributes an average annual flow of about 495 m/s (17,500 cu ft/s) to the river. The Ganges joins the 1,444 km (897 mi) long River 9758:

Brichieri-Colombi, Stephen; Bradnock, Robert W. (2003). "Geopolitics, water and development in South Asia: cooperative development in the Ganges–Brahmaputra delta".

9212: 7449: 6158: 2926: 1663:

Major left-bank tributaries include the Gomti River, Ghaghara River, Gandaki River and Kosi River; major right-bank tributaries include the Yamuna River, Son River,

9266: 9086: 7418: 5644: 5568: 5371: 4479:

will affect the water resources in the Ganges river basin including increased summer (monsoon) flow, and peak runoff could result in an increased risk of flooding.

8901: 4986:

Treaty Between the Government of the Republic of India and the Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh on Sharing of the Ganges/Ganga Waters at Farakka.

1558:

taking on the Meghna's name as it enters the Meghna Estuary, which empties into the Bay of Bengal. Here it forms the 1,430 by 3,000 km (890 by 1,860 mi)

1233:

of the Bhagirathi and Alaknanda rivers in the town of Devprayag in the Garhwal division of the Indian state of Uttarakhand. The Bhagirathi is considered to be the

8806:

Gupta, Priyansha; Saha, Mahua; Naik, Akshata; Kumar, M. Manish; Rathore, Chayanika; Vashishth, Shrish; Maitra, Shukla Pal; Bhardwaj, K.D.; Thukral, Harsh (2024).

8413:

Hrbek, Tomas; Da Silva, Vera Maria Ferreira; Dutra, Nicole; Gravena, Waleska; Martin, Anthony R.; Farias, Izeni Pires (22 January 2014). Turvey, Samuel T. (ed.).

5245:. "The Ganges Basin, known in India as the Ganga and in Bangladesh as the Padma, is an international river which goes through India, Bangladesh, Nepal and China." 1519:, which is 625 km (388 mi) long, with a drainage basin of 25,820 km (9,970 sq mi). The Hooghly River empties into the Bay of Bengal near 16784: 7834: 8475: 10714:

Singh, Munendra; Singh, Amit K. (2007). "Bibliography of Environmental Studies in Natural Characteristics and Anthropogenic Influences on the Ganga River".

8915: 5285: 4996:

The IPCC report is based on a non-peer-reviewed work by the World Wildlife Federation. They, in turn, drew their information from an interview conducted by

16219: 14337: 4686: 3498:

The Ganges Canal highlighted in red stretching between its headworks off the Ganges River in Haridwar and its confluences with the Jumna (Yamuna) River in

700: 13402: 10255: 3618: 15167: 13177: 9484: 9463: 9296: 8609: 5949:

Galy, V.; O. Beyssac; C. France-Lanord; T. Eglinton (2008). "Recycling of graphite during erosion: A geological stabilization of carbon in the crust".

5032: 3954: 3942: 3306:

century), where the parasol is lotus-shaped, and yet another at the Trimurti temple at Badoli where the parasol has been replaced entirely by a lotus.

3005:

One should not be amazed ... that this Ganges is really Power, for is she not the Supreme Shakti of the Eternal Shiva, taken in the form of water?

14213: 14158: 13660: 13424: 12915: 12890: 7957: 5085:"Chronology: 1985 *India launches Phase I of the Ganga Action Plan to restore the Ganges River; most deem it a failure by the early 1990s." (p. 320) 8865: 14243: 13976: 13645: 13407: 13377: 9434: 9413: 7892: 5451: 4863:"The Ganga Action Plan, commonly known as GAP, was launched dramatically in the holy city of Banares (Varanasi) on 14 June 1985, by Prime Minister 3918: 1333:, whereas the river, whose course has been roughly southwest until this point, now begins to flow southeast through the plains of northern India. 14451: 13672: 13189: 12844: 9059: 8753: 8362: 2620:

completes his celebrated three strides —of earth, sky, and heaven— he stubs his toe on the vault of heaven, punches open a hole and releases the

7925: 2745:, and, consequently, is a "tirtha" or crossing point of all beings, the living as well as the dead. It is for this reason that the story of the 1092:

located on its banks or those of its tributaries and connected waterways. The river is home to approximately 140 species of fish, 90 species of

17168: 16009: 15394: 14301: 13965: 13811: 13635: 13466: 13043: 12988: 12939: 11720: 8297:

Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group

7860:"Report of the committee on pollution caused by leather tanning industry to the water bodies / ground water in Unnao district of Uttar Pradesh" 4536:

bacteria. According to official standards, water safe for bathing should not contain more than 500 fecal coliforms per 100 ml, yet upstream of

3211:, flanking the main figure of Vishnu shown in his boar incarnation, two river goddesses, Ganga and Yamuna appear atop their respective mounts, 13918: 13628: 13456: 13434: 13387: 12976: 12798: 10959: 10644: 7762: 7482: 7343: 3570: 692: 12132: 9555: 8699: 2899:

Ganga is a consort to all three major male deities of Hinduism. As Brahma's partner she always travels with him in the form of water in his

2644:, whose petals form the earthly continents. There, the divine waters break up, with one stream, the Bhagirathi, flowing down one petal into 2624:, which until now had been circling the cosmic egg. Flowing out of the vault, she plummets down to Indra's heaven, where she is received by 16086: 15192: 13665: 13618: 13611: 13392: 13038: 12803: 8785: 1864:. Bangladesh, in particular, frequently experiences drought during the dry season and regularly suffers extreme floods during the monsoon. 8383: 5421: 3534:

2,300,000 on famine relief, the idea of a canal became more attractive to the company's budget-conscious Court of Directors. In 1839, the

15590: 14380: 12318: 1894:, which at the time was a tributary of the Ganges-Padma River. The flood of 1787 caused the Teesta to undergo a sudden change course, an 8977: 16777: 15366: 15315: 15230: 15045: 12154: 11262: 6736: 3562: 3522:, who balked at the idea of cutting a canal through extensive low-lying land to reach the drier upland destination. However, after the 9316: 8808:"A comprehensive assessment of macro and microplastics from Rivers Ganga and Yamuna: Unveiling the seasonal, spatial and risk factors" 8243: 1490:. At Bhagalpur, the river begins to flow south-southeast and at Farakka, it begins its attrition with the branching away of its first 15690: 15655: 15414: 15399: 15371: 14796: 14791: 14608: 13287: 12415: 11284: 9923: 4472: 1379:

and contributes an average flow of about 187 m/s (6,600 cu ft/s). After the Tamsa, the 625 km (388 mi) long

1837:, Bangladesh, crosses the Ganges-Padma River. It is one of the key sites for measuring streamflow and discharge on the lower Ganges. 16212: 15129: 14848: 14808: 14766: 9267:"By Making Ganga, Yamuna Living Entities, Did High Court Unwittingly Open The Door For River Pollution Victims To Sue For Damages?" 8933: 8535:"Impact of climate change on the hydrological regime of the Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra river basins: a review of the literature" 8340: 5334: 4467:

lifelines for Asian rivers, including the Indus and the Ganges. Once they vanish, water supplies in those regions will be in peril.

3410:

are seen clad in saffron sheets with ashes and powder dabbed on their skin per the requirements of ancient traditions. Some called

3007:

This Ganges, filled with the sweet wine of compassion, was sent out for the salvation of the world by Shiva, the Lord of the Lords.

9964: 9384: 8235: 6681: 5002: 1722:

For similar reasons, sources differ over the size of the river's drainage basin. The basin covers parts of four countries, India,

957:

state, India, a feeder canal taking off from its right bank diverts 50% of its flow southwards, artificially connecting it to the

15573: 15187: 15141: 14746: 7565: 3039:. When Bhishma is mortally wounded in battle, Ganga comes out of the water in human form and weeps uncontrollably over his body. 10503: 8955: 6083: 1303:

After flowing for 256.90 km (159.63 mi) through its narrow Himalayan valley, the Ganges emerges from the mountains at

15284: 14956: 14936: 14873: 14826: 9173: 9038: 8265: 4652:—among people who use the river's waters for bathing, washing dishes and brushing teeth is high, at an estimated 66% per year. 3025:, which is too hot for this world and cools it in her waters. This union produces Skanda, or Kartikeya, the god of war. In the 2489:

in Western India is called the Ganges of the South or the 'Dakshin Ganga'; the Godavari is the Ganges that was led by the sage

1261:; symbolically Tapovan, which is a meadow of ethereal beauty at the feet of Mount Shivling, just 5 km (3.1 mi) away. 17457: 17370: 16770: 15476: 15104: 10404:

Divine images, human visions: the Max Tanenbaum collection of South Asian and Himalayan art in the National Gallery of Canada

10108: 8155: 6647: 5638: 5600: 5517: 4347: 3591:

It was the largest canal ever attempted in the world, five times greater in its length than all the main irrigation lines of

3554: 1612:. Its defining geological processes commenced seventy-five million years ago, when, as a part of the southern supercontinent 930: 11132: 11041:

Journal of a tour through part of the snowy range of the Himala Mountains, and to the sources of the rivers Jumna and Ganges

10311: 9995: 9743: 9640: 8672: 6519: 6441: 6415: 6389: 6363: 5606: 5186: 2827:, the Lord of Death, to be judged for the afterworld. Having no compensating virtue, Vahika's soul is at once dispatched to 17467: 15896: 15134: 14781: 14463: 6596:"Island area changes in the Sundarban region of the abandoned western Ganga–Brahmaputra–Meghna Delta, India and Bangladesh" 5712: 5145: 4599: 4598:

In November 2008, the Ganges, alone among India's rivers, was declared a "National River", facilitating the formation of a

3613:(26 mi) long feeder canal, and its water flow management has been a long-lingering source of dispute with Bangladesh. 3550: 2779:

No place along her banks is more longed for at the moment of death by Hindus than Varanasi, the Great Cremation Ground, or

11137: 7441: 4693:, Uttarakhand, where it touches the plains for the first time. This is despite the fact that quarrying has been banned in 16205: 14756: 14676: 13119: 11201: 9204: 9078: 7514: 5481: 1257:, at an elevation of 4,356 m (14,291 ft) and was mythologically referred to as residing in the matted locks of 1141:

bacteria from human waste in the river near Varanasi are more than 100 times the Indian government's official limit. The

3658: 17512: 17161: 16658: 15781: 15466: 15355: 15253: 14118: 11713: 11069: 11011: 10887: 10867: 10811: 10791: 10770: 10704: 10636: 10578: 10493: 10470: 10438: 10412: 10392: 10363: 10337: 10305: 10285: 10221: 10202: 10174: 10153: 10127: 10087: 10067: 10042: 10022: 9989: 9900: 9872: 9851: 9825: 9737: 9717: 9698: 9677: 9634: 9614: 9015: 8312: 7392: 6655: 6545: 6493: 6467: 6337: 6317: 6152: 6122: 5751: 5562: 4656: 4371: 2973:("Husband and Lord of Uma (Parvati) and Ganga"), and Ganga often arouses the jealousy of Shiva's better-known consort. 3009:

Good people should not think this Triple-Pathed River to be like the thousand other earthly rivers, filled with water.

17527: 16633: 15551: 15456: 15258: 14436: 14424: 11119: 7629: 6718:

The History, Antiquities, Topography, and Statistics of Eastern India. Vol-II: Bhagulpoor, Goruckpoor, and Dinajepoor

5365: 5266: 5196: 3539: 1620:—lasting fifty million years—across the then unformed Indian Ocean. The subcontinent's subsequent collision with the 905: 864: 823: 14836: 10013:(1998), "Gangā: The Goddess Ganges in Hindu Sacred Geography", in Hawley, John Stratton; Wulff, Donna Marie (eds.), 9297:

http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-18/patna/34554229_1_gall-bladder-cancer-cancer-patients-prostate

8501: 7795: 5782: 1145:, an environmental initiative to clean up the river, has been considered a failure which is variously attributed to 17532: 17502: 16079: 15645: 15568: 15092: 14983: 14843: 14761: 14418: 13640: 12505: 12094: 8479: 3280: 9116: 3264: 1300:, where the Mandakini joins; and finally, Devprayag, where the Bhagirathi joins the Alaknanda to form the Ganges. 15759: 15461: 15146: 14946: 14413: 14373: 10531:

Rahaman, M.M. (2009), "Principles of transboundary water resources management and Ganges Treaties: An Analysis",

8919: 8091: 4363: 3692:

and Kanpur, situated on the banks of the river with the predominance of tanning industries add to the pollution.

3614: 2418: 1856:

in the Ganges is highly seasonal. The average dry season to monsoon discharge ratio is about 1:6, as measured at

17507: 17497: 16653: 15916: 15706: 15675: 15670: 15583: 15529: 15481: 15446: 15404: 15361: 15240: 15180: 15124: 14973: 14963: 14446: 13012: 12147: 10568: 3737:. As recently as the 16th and 17th centuries the upper Gangetic Plain harboured impressive populations of wild 2713:

As the Ganges had descended from heaven to earth in the Hindu tradition, she is also considered the vehicle of

1849: 15197: 10896:

Wink, André (2002). "From the Mediterranean to the Indian Ocean: Medieval History in Geographic Perspective".

10240: 4179:

The Ganges basin is home to about 30 fish species that are listed as threatened with the primary issues being

2655:, however, among the major deities of the Hindu pantheon, who appears in the most widely known version of the 17462: 17154: 16366: 16133: 15989: 15984: 15954: 15881: 15776: 15608: 15603: 15172: 14831: 13706: 12408: 12162: 12101: 11706: 11277: 10984:' – at some point in the next few decades. Compounding the problem of lower summer rainfall ... India's 1727: 9478: 9457: 5039: 2410:

broad, flows from north to south, and empties its waters into the ocean forming the eastern boundary of the

17487: 15578: 15496: 15491: 15202: 15151: 15099: 14993: 14988: 14978: 14821: 13711: 12121: 12090: 12067: 10972: 6594:

Bandyopadhyay, Sunando; Kar, Nabendu Sekhar; Dasgupta, Susmita; Mukherjee, Dipanwita; Das, Abhijit (2023).

3181:(an overfull vase), various overhead parasol-like coverings, and a gradually increasing retinue of humans. 17: 4570:

10 billion, around US$ 226 million, or less than 4 cents per person per year, were spent on the

3893:

migrate across the Himalayas during the winter, attracted in large numbers to wetland areas. There are no

3617:

signed in December 1996 addressed some of the water sharing issues between India and Bangladesh. There is

17522: 16072: 15727: 15685: 15563: 15471: 15376: 15235: 15220: 14686: 14468: 12117: 12083: 8862: 8589: 5477: 4786: 4267: 3075: 986: 11292: 11025: 9428: 9407: 7902: 5443: 4006:

It has been estimated that about 350 fish species live in the entire Ganges drainage, including several

1391:, which contributes about 1,008 m/s (35,600 cu ft/s). The 814 km (506 mi) long 16936: 16291: 15821: 15719: 15486: 15247: 15215: 14726: 14701: 14667: 14366: 12079: 11175: 4206:

between different sections of the river, but these movements may be prevented by the building of dams.

3523: 3412: 3154: 3131: 2823:, a profligate and unrepentant sinner, who is killed by a tiger in the forest. His soul arrives before 11143:

The impacts of water infrastructure and climate change on the hydrology of the Upper Ganga River Basin

6676: 5707: 4602:

that would have greater powers to plan, implement and monitor measures aimed at protecting the river.

3821:

area of the Ganges Delta. The Sundarbands freshwater swamp ecoregion, however, is nearly extinct. The

3194:, or mount. An ancient symbol in India, it pre-dates all appearances of the goddess Ganga in art. The 15650: 15596: 15541: 15263: 14816: 14774: 14741: 13139: 13024: 13019: 12170: 12140: 12105: 11148: 11050: 11039: 7935: 5325: 4622: 4275: 3730: 3535: 3150: 2756: 2696:, the source stream of the Ganges in the Himalayas is named Bhagirathi, (Sanskrit, "of Bhagiratha"). 1555: 1543: 1185: 1113: 966: 4026:(perciform fish), each comprising about 50%, 23% and 14% of the total fish species in the drainage. 17517: 17492: 17482: 17390: 16311: 15754: 15343: 15321: 15074: 14863: 14853: 14786: 14706: 14691: 14458: 13773: 12401: 12379: 12337: 12113: 12109: 11687: 11565: 11270: 10947: 9379: 7930: 7897: 6305: 4826: 4791: 4756: 4742: 4719: 4637: 4525: 4403: 3331:

tail is extended with great flourish into a scrolling design symbolizing both vegetation and water.

3171: 3112: 1234: 369: 79:

Map of the combined drainage basins of the Ganges (yellow), Brahmaputra (violet) and Meghna (green)

7769: 7353: 1907:, is still considered sacred by Hindus. Near the confluence is a major early historic site called 1336:

The Ganges river follows a 900 km (560 mi) arching course passing through the cities of

15901: 15836: 15771: 15764: 15663: 15292: 15118: 15087: 14941: 14924: 12424: 12224: 12075: 12071: 11677: 11001: 9064: 8707: 5306:

PCGN recommended name=Ganges; Local Names: Padma (Bangladesh), Ganga (India); Feature type: River

4836: 4811: 4796: 4488: 4442: 4355: 4339: 4259: 3558: 3398:(great) Kumbh Mela which comes after 12 'Purna Kumbh Melas', or 144 years, is held at Prayagraj. 1678: 1134: 31: 11027:

Ganges canal. A disquisition on the heads of the Ganges of Jumna canals, North-western Provinces

9512: 4605:

In July 2014, the Government of India announced an integrated Ganges-development project titled

3050:) at the end, required in the worship of other gods. Her divinity is immediate and everlasting. 17477: 17472: 15906: 15798: 15640: 15620: 15409: 15389: 15348: 15326: 15061: 15015: 14951: 14163: 11814: 11440: 10940: 9911: 9688: 7672:

M. Rafiqul Islam (1987). "The Ganges Water Dispute: An Appraisal of a Third Party Settlement".

5743: 5417: 4540:

the river water already contains 120 times as much, 60,000 fecal coliform bacteria per 100 ml.

3288: 3235: 3234:, a small boy or child, near its mouth, as, for example, shown in the Gupta period relief from 3071: 1150: 388: 384: 42: 10098: 10077: 9882: 9659: 7619: 7551: 7382: 6641: 6307: 6142: 5507: 5404: 5400: 5242: 3595:

and Egypt put together, and longer by a third than even the largest USA navigation canal, the

1852:. About 84% of the total rainfall occurs in the monsoon from June to September. Consequently, 1189:

Devprayag, confluence of Alaknanda (right) and Bhagirathi (left), and beginning of the Ganges.

17452: 16603: 16407: 16039: 16032: 15999: 15813: 15630: 15625: 15613: 15508: 15434: 15336: 15111: 14881: 14716: 14401: 14393: 13854: 12192: 10760: 10137: 7408: 6112: 5628: 5552: 5355: 5318: 5256: 4781: 4291: 4192: 4087:

The Ganges basin supports major fisheries, but these have declined in recent decades. In the

3549:

The enthusiasm, however, proved to be short-lived. Auckland's successor as Governor-General,

3122:, a full pot of water, in her hand, while an attendant holds a parasol over her. Terracotta, 3091: 1668: 1609: 1105: 10783:

Canal Irrigation in British India: Perspectives on Technological Change in a Peasant Economy

6732: 1137:. This not only poses a danger to humans but also to many species of animals. The levels of 17057: 15851: 15793: 15788: 15546: 15308: 14591: 13901: 13533: 12609: 12342: 12302: 11035: 11021: 10723: 10540: 10216:. Gaṅgā Pariyojanā Nideśālaya; India Environment Research Committee. Northern Book Centre. 10190: 9888: 9796: 9767: 9583: 8819: 8546: 8428: 8201: 6607: 6260: 5958: 5913: 4438: 4395: 4323: 3948: 3898: 3834: 3734: 3726: 3579: 3519: 3208: 2859:

composed by a 17th-century poet Jagannatha who, legend has it, was turned out of his Hindu

2601:, or the nectar of the gods which then plunges to the earth and waters it with sustenance. 2434:. This barrage would help Bangladesh better utilize its share of the waters of the Ganges. 2414:, a nation which possesses a vast force of the largest-sized elephants." (Diodorus II.37). 2403: 1908: 1774: 949:, which also rises in the western Indian Himalayas, and several left-bank tributaries from 914: 373: 9915: 8269: 4378:; only in the lowermost section of Ganges basin). Most of these are seriously threatened. 1791:

which is the high point of the Ganges basin. The other peaks over 8,000m in the basin are

8: 17385: 17380: 16921: 16751: 16286: 16163: 16048: 15886: 15876: 15856: 15841: 15803: 15749: 15268: 15225: 14896: 14523: 14327: 14296: 14098: 11730: 11698: 11415: 8580: 4806: 4434: 4411: 4315: 4299: 4251: 3967: 3515: 3471: 3402: 2961:'s relationship with Ganga, that is the best-known in Ganges mythology. Her descent, the 2680: 1872: 1690: 1637: 1601: 1193: 398: 379: 11160: 10727: 10544: 10350:. Water Science and Technology Library. Vol. 49. Dordecht: Springer. pp. 1–6. 10194: 10034:

Hydropolitics in the Third World: Conflict and Cooperation in International River Basins

9892: 9800: 9771: 9587: 8823: 8550: 8432: 8304: 8205: 7796:"Multipurpose Freshwater Coastal Reservoirs and Their Role in Mitigating Climate Change" 6611: 6264: 5962: 5917: 1523:. Between Malda and the Bay of Bengal, the Hooghly river passes the towns and cities of 17207: 16536: 16511: 16382: 16111: 15949: 15924: 15871: 15680: 15209: 14901: 14891: 14751: 14696: 14441: 14332: 13938: 13365: 12754: 12582: 12278: 11345: 10921: 10913: 10846: 10838: 10803:

International watercourses law for the 21st century: the case of the river Ganges basin

10747: 10613: 10556: 10459: 10449: 10054: 9939: 9542: 8896: 8451: 8415:"A New Species of River Dolphin from Brazil or: How Little Do We Know Our Biodiversity" 8414: 8318: 8217: 7962: 7826: 7689: 7477: 6783: 6775: 6716: 5982: 5677: 5000:

with Hasnain, an Indian glaciologist, who admitted that the view was speculative. See:

4771: 4761: 4418: 4331: 4307: 4161: 4011: 3975: 3830: 3596: 3527: 3479: 2495: 1407: 711: 10601: 9374: 9236:"Will granting legal rights to rivers like the Ganga, change the on-ground situation?" 5014:"Pachauri calls Indian govt. report on melting Himalayan glaciers as 'voodoo science'" 4029:

There are distinct differences between the different sections of the river basin, but

3440: 17349: 16684: 16551: 16516: 16276: 16182: 16138: 16053: 16004: 15846: 15383: 14906: 14721: 14711: 14655: 14431: 14208: 14178: 14038: 13865: 13844: 13451: 13312: 13226: 13070: 12707: 11990: 11930: 11764: 11545: 11455: 11430: 11425: 11340: 11065: 11007: 10925: 10883: 10863: 10850: 10807: 10787: 10766: 10739: 10700: 10683: 10632: 10617: 10605: 10574: 10560: 10523: 10489: 10466: 10434: 10408: 10388: 10369: 10359: 10333: 10301: 10281: 10227: 10217: 10198: 10170: 10149: 10123: 10104: 10083: 10063: 10038: 10018: 9985: 9896: 9868: 9847: 9821: 9808: 9733: 9713: 9694: 9673: 9630: 9610: 9547: 9011: 8835: 8654: 8601: 8593: 8456: 8308: 8151: 7830: 7818: 7625: 7388: 6787: 6651: 6313: 6276: 6148: 6118: 6094: 5974: 5931: 5747: 5736: 5634: 5596: 5558: 5523: 5513: 5361: 5262: 5192: 4690: 4626: 4571: 4537: 4499: 4283: 4214: 3962:

forest communities that would eventually become dominated by the climax species sal (

3754: 3647: 3301: 3166: 2828: 2575:

is an old theme in Hinduism with a number of different versions of the story. In the

2490: 2443: 1868: 1707: 1265: 1142: 1122: 970: 723: 458: 333: 227: 10751: 10671: 9595: 9030: 8322: 8221: 4551:

epidemics, spreading the disease. Even today, holy men, pregnant women, people with

3518:

in 1836, it did not at first elicit much enthusiasm from its eventual architect Sir

3406:

attend, and the auspiciousness of the festival is in part attributable to this. The

3169:, the goddess soon came to be depicted with several characteristic accessories: the 544:(Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna; Basin size 1,999,000 km (772,000 sq mi), 17410: 17365: 16966: 16689: 16679: 16501: 15979: 15861: 15742: 15521: 15331: 14886: 14858: 14650: 14623: 14518: 14248: 14183: 14088: 14083: 14048: 13955: 13950: 13887: 13570: 13538: 13446: 13360: 13277: 13084: 13007: 12827: 12776: 12729: 12712: 12702: 12692: 12286: 12270: 12200: 12031: 11759: 11631: 11570: 11485: 11330: 10905: 10830: 10731: 10597: 10548: 10515: 10351: 9954: 9804: 9775: 9665: 9591: 9537: 9527: 9513:"Megacities as Sources for Pathogenic Bacteria in Rivers and Their Fate Downstream" 8827: 8644: 8585: 8554: 8446: 8436: 8300: 8209: 7810: 7681: 6767: 6619: 6615: 6268: 5986: 5966: 5921: 5825:

several miles wide through which the Ganges river flowed at a lower level than the

5038:. IPCC – Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 20 January 2010. Archived from 4258:). Among the numerous aquatic and semi-aquatic turtles in the Ganges basin are the 4243: 4188: 4153: 3428: 2798: 1895: 1876: 1731: 1629: 1250: 1166: 1045: 1013: 879: 838: 794: 779: 438: 393: 346: 74: 10858:

Tiwari, R. C. (2008), "Environmental Scenario in India", in Dutt, Ashok K. (ed.),

10672:"Periphytonic diversity in Bhagirathi:Preimpoundment study of Tehri dam reservoir" 10628:

Conflict and Cooperation on South Asia's International Rivers: A Legal Perspective

9779: 8831: 8559: 8534: 8120: 8056: 8030: 7566:"GK projects' irrigation pumps shut; farmers are disoriented due to lack of water" 4586:

of people continued along the riverside. All these made the Action Plan a failure.

3452: 3175:(a crocodile-like undersea monster, often shown with an elephant-like trunk), the 17447: 17426: 17288: 17278: 17247: 17242: 17125: 16996: 16986: 16870: 16726: 16608: 16587: 16541: 16321: 16186: 15891: 15513: 15303: 15298: 14613: 14238: 14228: 14168: 14143: 14023: 13983: 13970: 13896: 13796: 13787: 13601: 13550: 13528: 13523: 13417: 13412: 13327: 13236: 13184: 13170: 13129: 13089: 13055: 13050: 12739: 12561: 12294: 11874: 11844: 11560: 11555: 11510: 11470: 11315: 11113: 10877: 10801: 10781: 10626: 10504:"Integrated Ganges Basin Management: conflicts and hope for regional development" 10422: 10402: 10382: 10327: 10295: 10275: 10184: 10164: 10032: 9979: 9862: 9835: 9727: 9624: 9604: 9347: 9303: 8869: 8676: 8649: 8632: 8441: 7413: 7348: 6595: 6272: 5590: 4831: 4766: 4738: 4458: 4446: 4129: 3906: 3848: 3833:

mammals in the upper Gangetic Plain include the tiger, elephant, sloth bear, and

3822: 3510:

The first British canal in India (which did not have Indian antecedents) was the

3484: 3456: 3204: 2824: 2679:, whose intense meditation has been disturbed by the sixty thousand sons of King 2645: 2537: 2474: 2453: 2427: 2423: 1924: 1857: 1842: 1834: 1830: 1617: 1503: 1277: 1017: 1001: 747: 719: 629: 446: 426: 293: 88: 38: 9140:"Uttarakhand HC declares Ganga, Yamuna living entities, gives them legal rights" 8807: 6541: 6515: 6489: 6463: 6437: 6411: 6385: 6359: 6333: 5702: 5474:"The Mighty River | Ganga: River From The Skies | National Geographic" 5139: 17375: 17222: 17130: 17094: 17032: 16991: 16941: 16823: 16762: 16705: 16316: 15866: 15157: 15020: 14618: 14503: 14276: 14193: 14068: 13993: 13988: 13560: 13517: 13282: 13221: 13149: 13124: 13108: 12687: 12347: 12262: 12208: 12036: 11980: 11849: 11799: 11784: 11641: 11535: 11480: 11400: 11395: 10981: 8363:"Banned but abundant, gillnets pose main threat to Bangladesh's river dolphins" 7814: 6309:

FRIEND 2002: Regional Hydrology: Bridging the gap between research and practice

4801: 4533: 4476: 4203: 4137: 4105: 4002:) is one of the Indian carp species that support major fisheries in the Ganges. 3928: 3923: 3738: 3383: 3268: 2561: 2511: 2482: 2407: 1770: 1672: 1644: 1621: 1567: 1538:

After entering Bangladesh, the main branch of the Ganges river is known as the

1384: 1357: 1173: 1138: 938: 703: 352: 10909: 10834: 10735: 10552: 10355: 9940:"River Rehabilitation for Conservation of Fish Biodiversity in Monsoonal Asia" 9626:

Sacred waters: a pilgrimage up the Ganges River to the source of Hindu culture

9060:"Ganga gets a tag: national river – Vote whiff in step to give special status" 8213: 8148:

The Status and Distribution of Freshwater Biodiversity in the Eastern Himalaya

7504: 6306:

Eric Servat; IAHS International Commission on Water Resources Systems (2002).

5926: 5901: 5592:

Sacred Waters: A Pilgrimage Up the Ganges River to the Source of Hindu Culture

5473: 3070:

Photograph (1875) of goddess Ganga (Gupta period, 5th or 6th century CE) from

2529: 17441: 17405: 17298: 17212: 17202: 16850: 16797: 16623: 16546: 16531: 16526: 16521: 16506: 16480: 16460: 16361: 16197: 16168: 15005: 14734: 14640: 14574: 14548: 14543: 14538: 14508: 14498: 14347: 14281: 14233: 14218: 14188: 14123: 14113: 14033: 13960: 13943: 13881: 13849: 13719: 13693: 13684: 13606: 13545: 13257: 13248: 13206: 13201: 13094: 12951: 12873: 12815: 12766: 12749: 12677: 12665: 12660: 12655: 12604: 12490: 12464: 12216: 12184: 12041: 12026: 12021: 11879: 11859: 11829: 11789: 11779: 11769: 11744: 11651: 11636: 11626: 11490: 11465: 11410: 11370: 11350: 10956:

Unruly Waters: How Rains, Rivers, Coasts, and Seas Have Shaped Asia's History

10373: 10231: 8934:"Miller-stone's Travel Blog: Varanasi: The Rich, The Poor, and The Afterlife" 8874: 8605: 8597: 7822: 6671: 6084:"Holocene tectonic movements and stress field in the western Gangetic plains" 5948: 5935: 5527: 4821: 4663:

Gopaljee Dairy for discharging untreated effluents into the Simbhaoli drain.

4430: 4015: 3806: 3643: 3609: 3566: 3475: 3445: 2997: 2816: 2704: 2688: 2548:

and the rise of the Ganges from earth to heaven. The day of the celebration,

2470: 1792: 1788: 1762: 1743: 1683: 1578: 1563: 1516: 1499: 1495: 1392: 1330: 982: 958: 775: 767: 591: 545: 489: 137: 10821:

Thapar, Romila (October 1971). "The Image of the Barbarian in Early India".

9959: 9840:

The Archaeology of West Bengal: The Bhagirathi Mouth and the Midnapur Coast"

5970: 4515:

People bathing and washing clothes along the banks of the Ganges in Varanasi

3478:, included the destruction of dams and levees as a strategy during the war. 1205: 17395: 17308: 17303: 17232: 17227: 17099: 17073: 17042: 17037: 17016: 17001: 16961: 16956: 16931: 16880: 16865: 16855: 16741: 16736: 16674: 16643: 16577: 16572: 16556: 16465: 16415: 16392: 16377: 16341: 16266: 15994: 15939: 15732: 15030: 15025: 14645: 14596: 14553: 14528: 14488: 14153: 14128: 14108: 14078: 14073: 14008: 13913: 13829: 13565: 13555: 13439: 13382: 13322: 13297: 13272: 13196: 13165: 13134: 13060: 12995: 12966: 12934: 12910: 12905: 12839: 12788: 12781: 12759: 12719: 12682: 12617: 12599: 12592: 12549: 12539: 12534: 12524: 12363: 12254: 12011: 11995: 11965: 11950: 11940: 11925: 11920: 11884: 11854: 11819: 11809: 11774: 11646: 11600: 11515: 11435: 11390: 11385: 11375: 11360: 11355: 11335: 11189: 10951: 10743: 10687: 10609: 10481: 9844:

Archaeological Geography of the Ganga Plain: The Lower and the Middle Ganga

9551: 8839: 8658: 8460: 6280: 6251:

Roger Revelle; V. Lakshminarayan (9 May 1975). "The Ganges Water Machine".

5978: 4864: 4567: 4195: 4068: 4044: 4019: 3936: 3746: 3667: 3635: 3511: 3460: 3276: 3127: 3095: 2950: 2938: 2751: 2597: 1891: 1820: 1735: 1605: 1585: 1574: 1551: 1520: 1491: 1376: 1353: 1320: 1285: 1281: 1273: 1210: 1005: 978: 974: 755: 707: 587: 541: 501: 454: 430: 9669: 9532: 8948:"Journey of River Ganga, from Purest to the Dirtiest river of the World –" 3090:

Goddess Ganga with left hand resting on a dwarf attendant's head from the

17283: 17257: 17252: 17237: 17177: 17120: 17047: 17011: 16951: 16926: 16916: 16895: 16885: 16860: 16845: 16793: 16628: 16582: 16336: 16271: 16232: 16228: 16116: 15934: 14635: 14586: 14311: 14306: 14286: 14270: 14263: 14258: 14253: 14198: 14138: 14133: 14103: 14063: 14058: 14028: 13908: 13876: 13871: 13835: 13801: 13655: 13623: 13596: 13591: 13582: 13492: 13483: 13471: 13461: 13370: 13345: 13317: 13302: 13292: 13267: 13262: 13231: 13211: 13144: 12983: 12971: 12961: 12944: 12927: 12922: 12900: 12868: 12859: 12832: 12810: 12793: 12734: 12724: 12629: 12575: 12570: 12517: 12512: 12485: 12476: 12452: 12051: 12016: 11975: 11960: 11899: 11864: 11804: 11754: 11656: 11621: 11590: 11585: 11505: 11500: 11495: 11460: 11420: 11405: 11325: 11219: 10985: 10762:

Irrigation and soil salinity in the Indian subcontinent: past and present

8508: 7655: 7653: 6081: 5775:"Gangotri Tapovan Trek, Gangotri Gaumukh Trek, Gangotri Tapovan Trekking" 5774: 5738:

Rivers of the world: a social, geographical, and environmental sourcebook

5295:

Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use (PCGN)

4776: 4645: 4556: 4227: 4180: 4113: 4073: 4062: 4035: 4023: 3874: 3802: 3786: 3714: 3027: 2839: 2667: 2557: 2486: 2399: 1904: 1633: 1589: 1547: 1539: 1524: 1515:, and Hooghly has a number of tributaries of its own. The largest is the 1411: 1380: 1368: 1297: 1293: 1198: 1077: 1025: 962: 954: 942: 934: 759: 743: 727: 715: 696: 484: 422: 361: 313: 301: 261: 256: 200: 171: 123: 10519: 10329:

Cleaning-up the Ganges: a cost-benefit analysis of the Ganga Action Plan

10120:

River of Love in an Age of Pollution: The Yamuna River of Northern India

5327:

US Library of Congress Subject Headings, thirty-fourth edition (LCSH 34)

4511: 4493: 3662:

A girl selling plastic containers in Haridwar for carrying Ganges water.

3255:

leans, as if for support. (See, for example, frames 1, 2, and 4 above.)

17400: 17293: 17273: 17146: 17078: 17052: 17006: 16911: 16638: 16618: 16613: 16425: 16387: 16356: 16346: 16301: 16296: 16256: 16251: 15974: 15826: 15040: 15035: 15010: 14630: 14533: 14389: 14342: 14043: 14018: 14003: 13998: 13859: 13766: 13757: 13698: 13650: 13429: 13397: 13355: 13350: 13075: 13000: 12956: 12854: 12744: 12697: 12672: 12622: 12587: 12556: 12544: 12529: 12500: 12310: 11985: 11970: 11955: 11869: 11834: 11824: 11749: 11661: 11595: 11550: 11530: 11520: 11475: 11320: 10917: 9655: 9108: 7693: 4694: 4521: 4050: 4030: 3865: 3818: 3814: 3778: 3770: 3639: 3628: 3487: 3363: 3357: 2946: 2684: 2641: 2411: 2398:

The first European traveller to mention the Ganges was the Greek envoy

1899: 1867:

In the Ganges Delta, many large rivers come together, both merging and

1853: 1808: 1778: 1703: 1655: 1625: 1559: 1508: 1483: 1396: 1341: 1289: 1238: 1230: 1222: 1146: 1081: 922: 771: 763: 751: 107: 14358: 10842: 8083: 7650: 6779: 6180: 6178: 6176: 4817:

River bank erosion along the Ganges in Malda and Murshidabad districts

3793:). In the 21st century there are few large wild animals, mostly deer, 3348:

marching over a makeshift bridge over the Ganges River. Kumbh Mela at

1636:

and its tributaries and the Ganges and its tributaries, now forms the

1217: 17313: 17115: 16890: 16875: 16710: 16648: 16435: 16420: 16326: 16261: 16246: 16106: 15964: 15929: 14223: 14173: 14093: 14053: 13806: 13156: 13065: 12895: 12771: 11889: 11575: 11450: 10992: ... Other contributors to India's seasonal dearth of water are 10989: 10480:

Puttick, Elizabeth (2008), "Mother Ganges, India's Sacred River", in

10142:

The Mauryan Empire and the Classical Age – Irrigation in Early India"

10010: 9975: 8758: 4734: 4689:

for stones and sand for construction work has long been a problem in

4641: 4544: 4410:

become extinct in the Ganges' main tributaries. A 2012 survey by the

4184: 4088: 4077: 4039: 3878: 3794: 3683:, potatoes, and wheat. Along the banks of the river, the presence of 3672: 3624: 3375: 3349: 3146: 3123: 2916: 2900: 2781: 2755:

ceremonies for the deceased in Hinduism, and Ganges water is used in

2633: 2629: 2628:, once a steadfast worshipper of Vishnu, now fixed in the sky as the 2605: 2515: 2503: 1884: 1816: 1747: 1739: 1467: 1459: 1451: 1388: 1367:

Now flowing east, the river meets the 400 km (250 mi) long

1361: 1316: 1304: 1269: 1197:

A sailboat on the main distributary of the Ganges in Bangladesh, the

1093: 1073: 1041: 1033: 1009: 997: 993: 926: 472: 450: 434: 418: 289: 285: 281: 273: 250: 245: 219: 215: 176: 146: 128: 11079:

Singh, Indra Bir (1996). "Geological Evolution of the Ganga Plain".

10017:, University of California / Motilal Banarasidass, pp. 137–53, 7685: 4414:

found only 3,000 left in the water catchment of both river systems.

3990: 1161: 925:. The 2,525 km (1,569 mi)-long river rises in the western 16946: 16475: 16470: 16455: 16351: 16095: 15944: 15737: 15280: 14291: 14203: 14013: 13033: 12822: 12460: 12046: 11945: 11935: 11839: 11540: 11525: 11365: 11123: 11052:

An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges and its branches

10273: 8419: 8239: 7330: 6771: 6173: 4715: 4507:; the ashes of the dead are released along the banks of the Ganges. 4504: 4169: 4145: 4081: 4056: 4007: 3894: 3680: 3592: 3503: 3467: 3032: 2661: 2613: 2507: 2499: 1613: 1528: 1463: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1349: 1312: 1178: 1149:, a lack of will in the government, poor technical expertise, poor 1127: 1085: 1053: 688: 442: 338: 309: 269: 235: 188: 184: 180: 132: 65: 12393: 12237: 11253: 11236: 11126:, misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of Indic text. 10348:

The Ganges water diversion: environmental effects and implications

9690:

Dams and Reservoirs, Societies and Environment in the 21st Century

8858: 8856: 7700: 7387:. International Association of Hydrological Science. p. 165. 5839: 5837: 5835: 4871:

We shall see that the waters of the Ganga become clean once again.

4726: 4707: 4386: 2608:

version of the myth, the heavenly waters were then a river called

1879:, sometimes altering the network of channels in significant ways. 17333: 16450: 16445: 16440: 16430: 16306: 15969: 14513: 12878: 12456: 10183:

Jain, Sharad K.; Agarwal, Pushpendra K.; Singh, Vijay P. (2007).

7509: 6593: 4649: 4633: 4552: 4548: 4235: 4219: 3844: 3810: 3798: 3702: 3575: 3444:

Head works of the Ganges canal in Haridwar (1860). Photograph by

3340: 3292: 3036: 2988: 2984: 2942: 2920: 2860: 2738: 2672: 2565: 1812: 1804: 1766: 1632:, which, having gradually been filled with sediment borne by the 1487: 1479: 1443: 1439: 1308: 1109: 1097: 1089: 1061: 1029: 961:. The Ganges continues into Bangladesh, its name changing to the 365: 277: 265: 239: 196: 166: 158: 150: 11169:

Earthquake 2,500 years ago abruptly changed Ganga river’s course

10239:

Kumar, Rakesh; Singh, R. D.; Sharma, K. D. (10 September 2005).

9360:"How India's Success is Killing its Holy River". Jyoti Thottam. 9345:"How India's Success is Killing its Holy River". Jyoti Thottam. 8576:"The Pyres of Varanasi: Breaking the Cycle of Death and Rebirth" 5883: 5881: 3382:(complete) Kumbh takes place every twelve years at four places ( 1659:

A 1908 map showing the course of the Ganges and its tributaries.

59: 16829: 16746: 16485: 16397: 16148: 16143: 16128: 16123: 14148: 13724: 13511: 13502: 13307: 12885: 12495: 12468: 12448: 11904: 11894: 11605: 11580: 11445: 9606:

On the banks of the Gaṅgā: when wastewater meets a sacred river

9574:

Ali, Jason R.; Aitchison, Jonathan C. (2005). "Greater India".

8853: 8786:"Delivering clean water to vulnerable communities on the Ganga" 8337:"Ganges River Dolphin Declared India's National Aquatic Animal" 7990:"Central govt approval to KDA's riverfront development project" 7768:. Government of India Ministry of Water Sources. Archived from 6794: 5832: 3676: 3583: 3499: 3494: 3391: 3387: 3345: 3284: 3272: 3190: 3177: 3118: 2978: 2904: 2786: 2742: 2734: 2676: 2637: 2625: 2617: 2592: 2588: 2584: 1800: 1796: 1755: 1664: 1643:

The Indo-Gangetic Plain is geologically known as a foredeep or

1532: 1471: 1455: 1447: 1415: 1345: 1337: 1254: 1242: 1117: 1101: 1065: 1049: 946: 739: 325: 305: 297: 231: 204: 192: 162: 154: 142: 10062:(Special 20th anniversary ed.), Norton, pp. 152–76, 8145: 6696: 6577: 6575: 6250: 5802: 5800: 5595:, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Trade & Reference Publishers, 5222: 5220: 4390:

The Gangetic dolphin in a sketch by Whymper and P. Smit, 1894.

2888:

I come, my heart dry with thirst, to you, ocean of sweet wine.

1284:, are all along the Alaknanda. They are, in downstream order, 812: 17181: 16371: 16331: 15959: 12849: 12440: 12435: 12165: 11301: 11295: 11195: 10993: 5878: 5620: 4614: 4422: 4097: 4093: 3995: 3959: 3890: 3689: 3684: 3407: 3366:

in which Hindus gather at the Ganges River. The normal Kumbh

3217: 2958: 2930: 2652: 2580: 2576: 2431: 1861: 1783: 1751: 1723: 1512: 1475: 1435: 1431: 1400: 1258: 1246: 1069: 1057: 1037: 950: 918: 856: 357: 342: 319: 223: 210: 111: 103: 10968:

River of Life, River of Death: The Ganges and India's Future

10297:

Pilgrimage and power: the Kumbh Mela in Allahabad, 1765–1954

10274:

Los Angeles County Museum of Art; Pal, Pratapaditya (1988),

8978:"India's effort to clean up sacred but polluted Ganga River" 8293: 7505:"Kumbha Mela Video: Amazing and Magical Celebration of Life" 6036: 6034: 3859:

Many types of birds are found throughout the basin, such as

1848:

The hydrologic cycle in the Ganges basin is governed by the

17135: 16731: 16158: 16064: 15831: 14493: 10996:

leaks the continued sowing of thirsty crops" (p. 35.)

10670:

Sharma, Ramesh C.; Bahuguna, Manju; Chauhan, Punam (2008).

10461:

Another Reason: Science and the Imagination of Modern India

9787:

Brune, James N. (1993). "The seismic hazard at Tehri dam".

9477:

Landon, Letitia Elizabeth (1838). "poetical illustration".

9427:

Landon, Letitia Elizabeth (1837). "poetical illustration".

8633:"River Ganga pollution: Causes and failed management plans" 6572: 6560: 6053: 6051: 6049: 5826: 5797: 5217: 5159: 4583: 4121: 3886: 3882: 3870: 3860: 3762: 3543: 3374:(half) Kumbh is celebrated every six years at Haridwar and 3367: 3230: 3022: 2868: 2844: 2636:

and arrives on the moon. She then flows down earthwards to

2616:: "from the foot of Vishnu"). As Lord Vishnu as the avatar 2544:

In late May or early June every year, Hindus celebrate the

1325: 897: 850: 11728: 10588:

Sack DA, Sack RB, Nair GB, Siddique AK (2004). "Cholera".

8191: 7534: 7532: 5357:

Managing Water Conflict: Asia, Africa, and the Middle East

5258:

Managing Water Conflict: Asia, Africa, and the Middle East

2481:

the Ganges and are sometimes called the local Ganges. The

1566:, which alone accounts for 10–20% of the global burial of 809: 11154: 10631:. London, The Hague, New York: Kluwer Law International. 9757: 8412: 7659: 7380: 6205: 6136: 6134: 6082:

Prakash, B.; Sudhir Kumar; M. Someshwar Rao; S. C. Giri.

6031: 5866: 5627:

Bhattacharji, Sukumari; Bandyopadhyay, Ramananda (1995).

5626: 3578:, and its two confluences with the Yamuna (Jumna in map) 3531: 3053: 1841:

The maximum peak discharge of the Ganges, as recorded at

888: 853: 847: 844: 803: 800: 10055:"Engaging Religion in the Quest for a Sustainable World" 9031:"World Bank loans India $ 1bn for Ganges river clean up" 6195: 6193: 6046: 3829:) also grow in the Sundarbans area of the Ganges Delta. 3514:

built between 1842 and 1854. Contemplated first by Col.

16153: 10977: 10879:

Images of Indian goddesses: myths, meanings, and models

8735: 8733: 8731: 8729: 8727: 8725: 7638: 7587: 7529: 5856: 5854: 5852: 5418:"World of Change: Padma River – NASA Earth Observatory" 4482: 4394:

The river's most famed faunal member is the freshwater

2907:'s consort. Not only does she emanate from his foot as 2886:

I come undone by disease to you, the perfect physician.

2402:(ca. 350–290 BCE). He did so several times in his work 9291:"Ganga is now a deadly source of cancer, study says", 9023: 8533:

Nepal, Santosh; Shrestha, Arun Bhakta (3 April 2015).

6664: 6217: 6131: 5902:"Submarine fans: A critical retrospective (1950–2015)" 5557:, Mitchell Lane Publishers, Incorporated, p. 25, 4445:(not considered a separate species until 2014) of the 4234:

The main sections of the Ganges River are home to the

3184:

Central to the goddess's visual identification is the

2437: 1706:

and Alaknanda rivers, in the Himalayas, and the first

11173: 10669: 7923: 7730: 7706: 6725: 6190: 6021: 6019: 6017: 6015: 5033:"IPCC statement on the melting of Himalayan glaciers" 906: 865: 824: 815: 806: 30:

This article is about the river. For other uses, see

10587: 10533:

International Journal of Water Resources Development

10326:

Markandya, Anil; Murty, Maddipati Narasimha (2000),

8722: 8539:

International Journal of Water Resources Development

8476:"Global warming benefits to Tibet: Chinese official" 8299:. Chelonian Research Monographs. Vol. 5. IUCN. 7996:. The Times of India Mobile Site. 28 November 2014. 7577: 7575: 7314: 7312: 7310: 7308: 6287: 6234: 6232: 6002: 6000: 5998: 5996: 5849: 5138:

Lodrick, Deryck O.; Ahmad, Nafis (28 January 2021),

5030:

On the IPCC statement withdrawing the finding, see:

4714:. A painting of the Ganges entering the plains near 3642:, a tributary of the Ganges for both irrigation and 2733:= "one who travels") of the tradition, she flows in 1702:

is used for the river between the confluence of the

1165:

The Himalayan headwaters of the Ganges River in the

1153:, and a lack of support from religious authorities. 891: 885: 9664:(1st ed.). Fitzroy Dearborn. pp. 223–27. 9079:"Namami Ganga development Project gets 2037 crores" 8754:"Draw plan to check Ganga pollution by sugar mills" 7295: 7293: 7280: 7278: 7276: 7251: 7249: 7032: 7030: 6992: 6990: 6947: 6945: 6943: 6941: 6939: 6937: 6907: 6905: 6903: 6901: 6899: 6861: 6859: 6857: 5133: 5131: 4183:(sometimes illegal), pollution, water abstraction, 3238:, Central India, in the left-most frame above. The 2882:

I come without refuge to you, giver of sacred rest.

1769:range in the south, from the eastern slopes of the 894: 882: 841: 797: 10458: 10448: 10053: 8805: 7712: 7236: 7234: 7232: 7230: 6012: 5735: 4718:by William Purser with a poetical illustration by 4417:The Ganges river dolphin is one of only five true 2775:Remembering your name, bestowing my gaze upon you. 2771:I ask that I may leave of this body on your banks, 1761:The Ganges basin ranges from the Himalaya and the 1311:onto the Gangetic Plain at the pilgrimage town of 1229:The upper phase of the river Ganges begins at the 8146:Allen, D.J.; S. Molur; B.A. Daniel, eds. (2010). 7572: 7305: 6299: 6229: 5993: 4697:area zone covering 140 km area in Haridwar. 557:38,129 m/s (1,346,500 cu ft/s) to 17439: 16792: 11081:Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India 10988:is in freefall to an increase in the number of 10676:Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering 10238: 10182: 9138:Trivedi, Anupam; Jagati, Kamal (22 March 2017). 7671: 7290: 7273: 7246: 7106: 7027: 6987: 6934: 6896: 6854: 6821: 6184: 5843: 5812: 5226: 5188:Applied Environmental Sciences & Engineering 5165: 5128: 5016:. Thaindian News. 9 January 2010. Archived from 3246:). The pairing of the fearsome, life-destroying 2767:O Mother! ... Necklace adorning the worlds! 2521: 1915:opened below the Jalanggi on the upper channel. 1280:and Bhagirathi. Their confluences, known as the 10431:The Ganga: water use in the Indian subcontinent 8886: 8884: 8630: 8502:"See s. 10.6 of the WGII part of the report at" 8268:. Gharial Conservation Alliance. Archived from 8187: 8121:"Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests" 8031:"Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests" 7890: 7331:Los Angeles County Museum of Art & Pal 1988 7227: 7217: 7215: 7213: 7160: 7158: 7156: 7154: 7152: 7139: 7137: 7135: 7133: 7131: 7104: 7102: 7100: 7098: 7096: 7094: 7092: 7090: 7088: 7086: 7072: 7070: 7068: 7066: 7053: 7051: 7049: 7047: 7045: 6977: 6975: 6973: 6924: 6922: 6920: 6886: 6884: 6882: 6880: 6878: 6876: 6874: 6844: 6842: 6840: 6838: 6836: 6811: 6809: 6758:W. W. Tarn (1923). "Alexander and the Ganges". 6140: 4266:; only in the lowermost section of the basin), 2632:. Next, she streams across the sky forming the 16227: 11133:Ganga in the Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1909 10325: 9884:The Nepal-India Water Relationship: Challenges 8863:"India and pollution: Up to their necks in it" 8185: 8183: 8181: 8179: 8177: 8175: 8173: 8171: 8169: 8167: 7599: 7442:"Kumbh Mela, most sacred of Hindu pilgrimages" 5668: 5666: 5664: 5662: 5311: 4441:of the Amazon River in South America; and the 3650:to store water on the Bay of Bengal sea area. 3207:in Central India (circa 400 CE). Here, in the 3035:, and the mother of heroic warrior-patriarch, 2894: 1734:, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, 985:. The Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna system is the 559:43,900 m/s (1,550,000 cu ft/s) 17162: 16778: 16213: 16080: 14374: 12409: 12148: 11714: 11278: 10625:Salman, Salman M. A.; Uprety, Kishor (2002). 10566: 10211: 9881:Dhungel, Dwarika Nath; Pun, Santa B. (2009). 9456:Landon, Letitia Elizabeth (1838). "picture". 9406:Landon, Letitia Elizabeth (1837). "picture". 9137: 8751: 8532: 7958:"Ganga pathway to be complete in three years" 6566: 5899: 5806: 5697: 5695: 5693: 5691: 5689: 5687: 5347: 1502:. Just before the border with Bangladesh the 1288:, where the Dhauliganga joins the Alaknanda; 661:70,000 m/s (2,500,000 cu ft/s) 37:"Ganga" redirects here. For the goddess, see 10624: 9573: 8881: 8567: 7417:. Vol. 18. 1 May 1950. pp. 25–29. 7210: 7149: 7128: 7116: 7083: 7063: 7042: 7015: 6970: 6917: 6871: 6833: 6806: 6800: 6581: 6057: 5396: 5238: 5232: 5137: 4981: 4452: 3267:, Deogarh, Uttar Pradesh (7th century), the 2884:I come a fallen man to you, uplifter of all. 2880:I come as an orphan to you, moist with love. 2422:distributary to restore navigability at the 1765:in the north, to the northern slopes of the 9833: 8954:. Mobile Site India TV News. Archived from 8289: 8287: 8164: 8115: 8113: 8111: 8109: 8025: 8023: 8021: 8019: 8017: 8015: 7731:Fred Pearce; Rob Butler (26 January 1991). 7552:"Water board to carry out inflated project" 7470: 6702: 6633: 6482: 6456: 6352: 6104: 5887: 5659: 5546: 5544: 5248: 5063: 5061: 4855: 4853: 4209: 3242:represents both posterity and development ( 3110:The goddess Ganga stands on her mount, the 2789:(September or October), and performing the 2773:Drinking your water, rolling in your waves, 2448: 1016:, which is considered the source stream in 641:16,648 m/s (587,900 cu ft/s) 603:18,691 m/s (660,100 cu ft/s) 519:1,999,000 km (772,000 sq mi) 17169: 17155: 16785: 16771: 16220: 16206: 16087: 16073: 14381: 14367: 12416: 12402: 12155: 12141: 11721: 11707: 11285: 11271: 11030:. London, Printed for Private circulation. 10898:Comparative Studies in Society and History 10823:Comparative Studies in Society and History 10713: 10100:Large rivers: geomorphology and management 9880: 9227: 9001: 8999: 7381:J. C. Rodda; Lucio Ubertini, eds. (2004). 6757: 6534: 6508: 6404: 6223: 6211: 5872: 5684: 5278: 5184: 5180: 5178: 5176: 5174: 4959: 4957: 4955: 4953: 4942: 4902: 4900: 4745:in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1839. 4722:in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1838. 3709: 2847:on the Ganges in Banares (Varanasi), 1885. 1750:, West Bengal, and the Union Territory of 1550:. Further downstream, the Padma joins the 1395:, then the 729 km (453 mi) long 1012:on account of its greater length, and the 987:second-largest river on earth by discharge 953:that account for the bulk of its flow. In 945:, receiving the right-bank tributary, the 11062:Ganges: The Many Pasts of an Indian River 10964:Ganges: The Many Pasts of an Indian River 10570:The Basis of Civilization: Water Science? 9958: 9541: 9531: 9317:"NGT slaps Rs. 5 cr. fine on sugar mills" 9171: 8916:"Hindu Funderals, Cremation and Varanasi" 8745: 8648: 8631:Chaudhary, M.; Walker, T. R. (May 2019). 8558: 8450: 8440: 7950: 7917: 7884: 7803:Indian Journal of Environment Engineering 7384:The Basis of Civilization: Water Science? 7376: 7374: 6430: 6378: 6144:Merriam-Webster's geographical dictionary 5925: 5582: 4473:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2699: 2459:Indian woman floating lamps on the Ganges 1116:. The Ganges is the most sacred river to 17176: 11048: 10567:Rodda, John C.; Ubertini, Lucio (2004). 10117: 10058:, in Bright, Chris; et al. (eds.), 9815: 9258: 9167: 9165: 8284: 8106: 8049: 8012: 7793: 6326: 5727: 5541: 5501: 5499: 5081: 5058: 5003:"Sifting climate facts from speculation" 4938: 4936: 4934: 4919: 4917: 4859: 4850: 4700: 4510: 4492: 4385: 4213: 3989: 3843: 3713: 3657: 3493: 3451: 3439: 3339: 2925: 2838: 2703: 2528: 2452: 1927:(period from 1998/01/01 to 2023/12/31): 1829: 1730:, and Bangladesh; eleven Indian states, 1689: 1677: 1654: 1216: 1204: 1192: 1184: 1172: 1160: 1135:Ganges is threatened by severe pollution 445:). The headwaters of the river include: 14388: 11020: 10999: 10530: 10501: 10479: 10446: 10293: 10162: 10051: 10030: 9937: 9725: 9707: 9510: 9264: 9233: 8996: 8739: 8697: 8573: 7924:Piyush Kumar Tripathi (3 August 2013). 7644: 7593: 7439: 7409:"A Million Hindus Wash Away Their Sins" 7176: 6639: 6110: 6040: 5340:from the original on 21 December 2016, 5171: 5095: 5067: 4963: 4950: 4906: 4897: 4381: 4250:), and the Ganges delta is home to the 3897:birds in the upper Gangetic Plain. The 2834: 1414:, the Ganges river passes the towns of 437:because of its greater length) and the 14: 17440: 11055:. A. Constable and company, Edinburgh. 11034: 10857: 10820: 10799: 10186:Hydrology and water resources of India 10079:An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology 9860: 9654: 9480:Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1839 9476: 9459:Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1839 9455: 9430:Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1838 9426: 9409:Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1838 9405: 9196: 9005: 8698:Salemme, Elisabeth (22 January 2007). 7970:from the original on 14 September 2022 7617: 7371: 7318: 7299: 7284: 7267: 7255: 7240: 6714: 6496:from the original on 20 September 2013 6293: 6025: 5509:An encyclopaedia of Indian archaeology 5304:from the original on 24 October 2021, 5109: 4687:Illegal mining in the Ganges river bed 4191:. Among the threatened species is the 3913:) are considered globally threatened. 3054:Ganges in classical Indian iconography 1694:Lower Ganges in Lakshmipur, Bangladesh 1249:. The Bhagirathi rises at the foot of 937:. It flows south and east through the 651:180 m/s (6,400 cu ft/s) 17150: 16766: 16201: 16068: 14362: 12397: 12136: 11702: 11266: 11078: 10950:, "The River" (the Ganges; review of 10875: 10779: 10758: 10694: 10420: 10380: 10345: 10096: 10075: 9786: 9686: 9622: 9602: 9520:International Journal of Microbiology 9437:from the original on 20 December 2022 9416:from the original on 20 December 2022 9202: 9172:De Sarkar, Dipankar (24 March 2017). 9162: 8984:from the original on 12 February 2020 8057:"Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests" 7718: 7660:Brichieri-Colombi & Bradnock 2003 7605: 7538: 7200: 7188: 6739:from the original on 15 February 2024 6721:. pp. Book 1, Chapter 1, Page 9. 6648:International Rice Research Institute 6444:from the original on 8 September 2022 6366:from the original on 8 September 2022 6340:from the original on 22 February 2014 6238: 6199: 6006: 5860: 5818: 5785:from the original on 13 November 2019 5588: 5505: 5496: 5353: 5254: 5205:from the original on 20 February 2023 4931: 4923: 4914: 4421:in the world. The other four are the 4348:Indian narrow-headed softshell turtle 1494:, the 408 km (254 mi) long 11202: 11162:Ganga Ma: A Pilgrimage to the Source 10895: 10765:. Bethlehem, PA: Lehigh University. 10261:from the original on 14 October 2013 10146:South Asia: an environmental history 10135: 10037:. United States Institute of Peace. 9970:from the original on 13 August 2016. 9816:Caso, Frank; Wolf, Aaron T. (2010), 9746:from the original on 15 January 2023 9561:from the original on 20 January 2022 9367: 9314: 8094:from the original on 8 December 2023 7743:from the original on 22 October 2014 7581: 5733: 5550: 5484:from the original on 9 November 2023 4600:National Ganga River Basin Authority 4483:Pollution and environmental concerns 4437:of the Indus River in Pakistan; the 3817:. Bengal tigers survive only in the 3603: 2855:A popular paean to the Ganga is the 2469:The Ganges is the embodiment of all 1406:Along the way between Prayagraj and 1348:. Along the way it is joined by the 996:of the Ganges begins at the town of 12423: 11059: 10427:Necessity of Regional Co-operation" 10400: 10009: 9974: 9327:from the original on 26 August 2022 9273:from the original on 22 August 2022 9265:Bhaskar, B. R. P. (24 March 2017). 9246:from the original on 30 August 2022 9215:from the original on 22 August 2022 9184:from the original on 20 August 2022 9174:"Rights of rivers, hard to enforce" 9119:from the original on 17 August 2022 9041:from the original on 22 August 2022 8766:from the original on 19 August 2022 8473: 8305:10.3854/crm.5.000.checklist.v7.2014 7926:"Funds flow for riverfront project" 7707:Sharma, Bahuguna & Chauhan 2008 7517:from the original on 10 August 2022 7473:"The 17 'shringars' of Naga sadhus" 7221: 7204: 7164: 7143: 7122: 7110: 7077: 7057: 7036: 7021: 7009: 6996: 6981: 6964: 6951: 6928: 6911: 6890: 6865: 6848: 6827: 6815: 4524:estimates that the health costs of 4402:), which has been declared India's 3621:across the River Ganges in Kanpur. 3615:Indo-Bangladesh Ganges Water Treaty 3401:The major event of the festival is 3311: 2438:Religious and cultural significance 1319:diverts some of its water into the 977:, forming the major estuary of the 461:, all tributaries of the Alaknanda. 24: 12236: 10934: 10280:, University of California Press, 9643:from the original on 24 March 2023 9315:Jain, Akanksha (17 October 2014). 8394:from the original on 15 April 2018 8339:. WildPolitics.net. Archived from 8246:from the original on 28 March 2024 8236:"Glyphis gangeticus, Ganges shark" 8081: 7794:Sasidhar, Nallapaneni (May 2023). 7733:"The dam that should not be built" 7618:Khanna, C. L. (1 September 2010). 7452:from the original on 8 August 2017 7421:from the original on 28 March 2024 6684:from the original on 28 March 2024 6548:from the original on 16 April 2016 6470:from the original on 16 April 2016 6161:from the original on 28 March 2024 5647:from the original on 28 March 2024 5609:from the original on 24 March 2023 5571:from the original on 28 March 2024 5374:from the original on 28 March 2024 4666: 4657:Indian Council of Medical Research 4433:in China, now likely extinct; the 3725:Himalayan foothills and including 3250:with the youthful, life-affirming 3046:) at the beginning and dismissal ( 3013:The Ganga is also the mother, the 2595:, releasing the celestial liquid, 1682:The River Ganges at Kolkata, with 1546:, the largest distributary of the 1120:. It is worshipped as the goddess 25: 17544: 11097: 10860:Explorations in Applied Geography 10657:from the original on 7 April 2022 10314:from the original on 5 April 2023 9998:from the original on 4 April 2023 9487:from the original on 7 March 2023 9466:from the original on 7 March 2023 9387:from the original on 27 July 2021 9150:from the original on 6 April 2017 8000:from the original on 22 June 2021 7891:Sushovan Sircar (11 March 2014). 7840:from the original on 11 June 2023 7352:. 8 February 1960. Archived from 6680:(Online Library ed.). 2011. 6522:from the original on 15 June 2022 6418:from the original on 15 June 2022 6392:from the original on 15 June 2022 5711:(Online Library ed.). 2011. 4984:, pp. 172, 178–187, 387–391) 4632:The incidence of water-borne and 3370:is celebrated every 3 years, the 2819:recounts the remarkable story of 2763:expresses this longing fervently: 1923:Discharge of the Ganges River at 561:1,389 km/a (44,000 m/s) 16181: 12164: 11294: 11245: 11228: 11211: 11183: 11150:The Ganges: A Journey into India 11104: 10346:Mirza, M. Monirul Qader (2004). 9609:, University of Michigan Press, 9449: 9399: 9354: 9339: 9308: 9285: 9203:Ghosh, Shibani (27 March 2017). 9131: 9101: 9089:from the original on 31 May 2015 9071: 9053: 8970: 8940: 8926: 8908: 8799: 8778: 8691: 8665: 8624: 8526: 8494: 8467: 8406: 8376: 8355: 8329: 8258: 8228: 8139: 8075: 7982: 7852: 7787: 7755: 7724: 7665: 7611: 7558: 7544: 7497: 7464: 7433: 7401: 7336: 7324: 6147:. Merriam-Webster. p. 412. 5633:. Orient Blackswan. p. 54. 5454:from the original on 28 May 2022 5424:from the original on 30 May 2022 5103: 5089: 5075: 4990: 4741:with a poetical illustration by 4733:. A painting of the Ganges near 4725: 4706: 3138: 3103: 3083: 3063: 2843:Women and children at a bathing 2675:, the story begins with a sage, 878: 837: 793: 471:Devprayag, the beginning of the 73: 58: 11138:Melting Glaciers Threaten Ganga 9926:from the original on 8 May 2015 9818:Freshwater Supply Global Issues 9596:10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.07.005 9375:"Looting the Ganga shamelessly" 9234:Goswami, Urmi (25 March 2017). 8752:Akanksha Jain (23 April 2014). 8574:McBride, Pete (7 August 2014). 8082:Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. 7893:"Take a walk along the Hooghly" 7621:Uttar Pradesh General Knowledge 7471:Mani, Rajiv (9 February 2013). 7261: 7194: 7182: 7170: 7002: 6957: 6760:The Journal of Hellenic Studies 6751: 6708: 6587: 6244: 6075: 6070:Dikshit & Schwartzberg 2007 6063: 5942: 5893: 5767: 5715:from the original on 7 May 2020 5466: 5436: 5410: 5390: 5148:from the original on 7 May 2020 4975: 4372:Cantor's giant softshell turtle 4364:Indian peacock softshell turtle 3919:tropical moist deciduous forest 2717:, from earth to heaven. As the 2591:) slays the celestial serpent, 15447:Bangladesh Planning Commission 10488:, Hay House, pp. 241–52, 10465:. Princeton University Press. 10407:, National Gallery of Canada, 10300:, Oxford University Press US, 9864:The Ganges in myth and history 9834:Chakrabarti, Dilip K. (2001). 9010:, Concept Publishing Company, 8900:. 18 July 2009. Archived from 8892:"Ganga can bear no more abuse" 8812:Journal of Hazardous Materials 6620:10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108482 6185:Jain, Agarwal & Singh 2007 6117:. Academic Press. p. 14. 5844:Jain, Agarwal & Singh 2007 5227:Kumar, Singh & Sharma 2005 5185:C B Sharma (11 January 2021). 5166:Jain, Agarwal & Singh 2007 4400:Platanista gangetica gangetica 4014:. The most diverse orders are 2659:story. Told and retold in the 2640:'s realm, a divine lotus atop 2477:. Local rivers are said to be 1498:, which goes on to become the 1375:), which flows north from the 13: 1: 17371:Digha–Sonpur rail–road bridge 15231:International Crimes Tribunal 11044:. Rodwell and Martin, London. 10800:Suvedī, Sūryaprasāda (2005). 10602:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15328-7 10433:, Springer, pp. 267–72, 10214:The Ganga, a scientific study 10212:Krishna Murti, C. R. (1991). 10136:Hill, Christopher V. (2008). 9780:10.1111/1475-4959.t01-1-00002 9710:Interlinking of Indian rivers 9511:Abraham, Wolf-Rainer (2011). 9335:– via www.thehindu.com. 8980:. pbs.org. 16 December 2009. 8832:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133926 8675:. Clean Ganga. Archived from 8560:10.1080/07900627.2015.1030494 5779:www.gangotri-tapovan-trek.com 5121: 3421: 3335: 3145:The goddess Ganga (right) in 2937:, bearing the Descent of the 2890:Do with me whatever you will. 1542:. The Padma is joined by the 1292:, where the Nandakini joins; 1169:region of Uttarakhand, India. 511:2,525 km (1,569 mi) 405:Physical characteristics 17458:International rivers of Asia 16094: 14767:Proclamation of Independence 14747:Legislative election in 1954 12091:Reservoirs and dams in India 11683:Reservoirs and dams in India 10973:The New York Review of Books 10421:Parua, Pranab Kumar (2009), 10163:Hillary, Sir Edmund (1980), 10122:, University of California, 9909: 9809:10.1016/0040-1951(93)90274-N 9732:, Harvard University Press, 9726:Blurton, T. Richard (1993), 9708:Bharati, Radha Kant (2006), 8650:10.1016/j.envint.2019.02.033 8442:10.1371/journal.pone.0083623 8088:UNESCO World Heritage Centre 6360:"Kāngchenjunga, India/Nepal" 6334:"Mount Everest, China/Nepal" 6273:10.1126/science.188.4188.611 6069: 4625:declared the Ganges River a 3416:, may not wear any clothes. 1918: 1871:in a complicated network of 1650: 1616:, it began a northeastwards 917:of Asia which flows through 746:(also known as Tons River), 7: 15656:Water supply and sanitation 14849:Political crisis in 2006–08 10876:Wangu, Madhu Bazaz (2003), 10454:Technologies of Government" 10332:, Oxford University Press, 10118:Haberman, David L. (2006), 8590:National Geographic Society 7481:. Allahabad. Archived from 7440:Maharaj (25 October 2012). 5478:National Geographic Society 5448:National Geographic Society 5144:, Encyclopedia Britannica, 4787:List of rivers by discharge 4749: 4268:three-striped roofed turtle 3362:Kumbh Mela is a mass Hindu 3098:, Maharashtra (6th century) 3076:Museum of Fine Arts, Boston 2895:Consort, Shakti, and Mother 2369:(1998/01/01 to 2023/12/31): 1758:, India, Nepal, and China. 1608:, a minor plate within the 1000:, at the confluence of the 965:. It is then joined by the 625: • location 583: • location 537: • location 497: • location 467: • location 10: 17549: 16010:Inventions and discoveries 15990:National Martyrs' Memorial 14727:Partition of Bengal (1947) 14702:Partition of Bengal (1905) 11914:Inland lakes, deltas, etc. 11049:Hamilton, Francis (1822). 11000:Berwick, Dennison (1987). 10938: 10695:Sheth, Jagdish N. (2008). 10486:The Healing Power of Water 10401:Pal, Pratapaditya (1997), 10277:Indian Sculpture: 700–1800 10241:"Water Resources of India" 9861:Darian, Steven G. (2001), 9503: 9351:. 19 July 2010, pp. 12–17. 8700:"The World's Dirty Rivers" 7815:10.54105/ijee.A1842.053123 5906:Journal of Palaeogeography 4486: 4230:that is harmless to humans 3695: 3653: 3355: 3228:is often accompanied by a 3155:National Museum, New Delhi 3132:National Museum, New Delhi 2815:(Varanasi Chapter) of the 2461:, by William Simpson, 1867 2441: 2393: 1595: 1296:, where the Pindar joins; 1213:in a 2020 satellite image. 969:, the lower stream of the 657: • maximum 647: • minimum 637: • average 599: • average 553: • average 36: 29: 17513:National symbols of India 17419: 17358: 17342: 17326: 17266: 17195: 17188: 17108: 17087: 17066: 17025: 16979: 16904: 16838: 16811: 16804: 16719: 16698: 16667: 16596: 16565: 16494: 16406: 16239: 16177: 16102: 16026: 15915: 15812: 15718: 15714: 15705: 15574:Natural gas and petroleum 15442: 15433: 15279: 15073: 15069: 15060: 14932: 14923: 14872: 14807: 14775:Bangladesh Liberation War 14666: 14562: 14481: 14477: 14409: 14400: 14320: 13931: 13822: 13786: 13756: 13683: 13581: 13501: 13482: 13247: 13218:Other minor tributaries: 13107: 12640: 12475: 12431: 12356: 12330: 12247: 12234: 12177: 12171:National symbols of India 12060: 12004: 11913: 11737: 11670: 11614: 11308: 11064:. Yale University Press. 10910:10.1017/s001041750200021x 10835:10.1017/s0010417500006393 10759:Singh, Nirmal T. (2005). 10736:10.1007/s10661-006-9374-7 10553:10.1080/07900620802517574 10356:10.1007/978-1-4020-2792-5 10166:From the ocean to the sky 10031:Elhance, Arun P. (1999). 9008:Water Resource Management 8637:Environment International 8214:10.1007/s11160-011-9218-6 5927:10.1016/j.jop.2015.08.011 5360:, Routledge, p. 54, 5261:, Routledge, p. 54, 4982:Salman & Uprety (2002 4681: 4623:High Court of Uttarakhand 4453:Effects of climate change 4276:red-crowned roofed turtle 4226:) is a large fish-eating 3731:Jim Corbett National Park 3536:Governor General of India 3435: 3314:, p. 43 as follows: 3074:, Madhya Pradesh, now in 2915:story, but is also, with 2903:(water-pot). She is also 2757:Vedic rituals after death 2364: 2360: 1941: 1938: 1935: 1932: 1556:Surma-Meghna River System 1156: 1114:South Asian river dolphin 733: 682: 674: 669: 665: 655: 645: 635: 623: 615: 611: 607: 597: 581: 573: 569: 565: 551: 535: 527: 523: 515: 507: 495: 483: 479: 465: 413: 409: 404: 118: 99: 94: 84: 72: 57: 52: 17528:Environmental personhood 15344:President Guard Regiment 14854:Bangladesh Rifles revolt 14762:General election in 1970 14707:Prime Minister of Bengal 12319:Lactobacillus bulgaricus 11541:Roopkund (Skeleton Lake) 10948:Christopher de Bellaigue 10882:, Abhinav Publications, 10148:. Abc-Clio. p. 32. 10060:State of the World: 2003 10015:Devī: Goddesses of India 9760:The Geographical Journal 9661:World Strategic Highways 9603:Alley, Kelly D. (2002), 9483:. Fisher, Son & Co. 9462:. Fisher, Son & Co. 9433:. Fisher, Son & Co. 9412:. Fisher, Son & Co. 9109:"Namami Gange Programme" 9085:. news.biharprabha.com. 6801:Salman & Uprety 2002 6582:Salman & Uprety 2002 6141:Merriam-Webster (1997). 6111:Dmowska, Renata (2003). 6093:: 438–49. Archived from 6058:Ali & Aitchison 2005 5397:Salman & Uprety 2002 5239:Salman & Uprety 2002 4943:Singh & Singh (2007) 4843: 4827:Sankat Mochan Foundation 4792:List of rivers by length 4757:Environmental personhood 4743:Letitia Elizabeth Landon 4720:Letitia Elizabeth Landon 4638:gastrointestinal disease 4577:According to one study, 4526:water pollution in India 4210:Crocodilians and turtles 4202:). Several fish species 3565:as Lt. Governor, and in 3530:'s administration spent 3279:, Rajasthan, and at the 3221:(a turtle or tortoise). 2864:the water at the famous 2807:, in one of its popular 2769:Banner rising to heaven! 2449:Embodiment of sacredness 1554:, the converged flow of 981:, and emptying into the 735: • right 17533:Braided rivers in India 17503:Rivers of Uttar Pradesh 17468:Bangladesh–India border 15837:Bangladeshi nationalism 15591:Export Processing Zones 13013:Parbati, Madhya Pradesh 11124:question marks or boxes 11003:A Walk Along the Ganges 9984:, Columbia University, 9960:10.5751/ES-01469-100215 9938:Dudgeon, David (2005). 9920:Encyclopædia Britannica 9867:, Motilal Banarsidass, 9623:Alter, Stephen (2001), 9302:29 October 2013 at the 8194:Rev Fish Biol Fisheries 7367:(subscription required) 6733:"The Flood Observatory" 6715:Martin, Robert (1838). 6677:Encyclopædia Britannica 6640:Catling, David (1992). 5971:10.1126/science.1161408 5734:Penn, James R. (2001). 5708:Encyclopædia Britannica 5589:Alter, Stephen (2001), 4837:Peninsular River System 4812:Pollution of the Ganges 4797:List of rivers of India 4566:Between 1985 and 2000, 4489:Pollution of the Ganges 4443:Araguaian river dolphin 4404:national aquatic animal 4356:Indian softshell turtle 4340:Indian flapshell turtle 4260:northern river terrapin 3985: 3972:Lutrogale perspicillata 3839:Tetracerus quadricornis 3801:, and small numbers of 3710:Ecology and environment 3559:North-Western Provinces 3502:and with the Ganges in 3386:(Prayagraj), Haridwar, 3153:, 10th century, now in 2648:(India) as the Ganges. 684: • left 32:Ganges (disambiguation) 15349:Special Security Force 15135:Presidential elections 15016:Chittagong Hill Tracts 14809:Republic of Bangladesh 14782:Provisional Government 14563:Classical and Medieval 13707:Kaveri, Madhya Pradesh 12241: 11112:This article contains 10941:Bibliography of Ganges 10502:Rahaman, M.M. (2009), 10447:Prakash, Gyan (1999). 10384:Slowly down the Ganges 10294:Maclean, Kama (2008), 10097:Gupta, Avijit (2007). 10082:. Brill. p. 334. 10052:Gardner, Gary (2003), 9981:Banaras, city of light 9912:Joseph E. Schwartzberg 9364:. 19 July 2010, p. 15. 9006:Mandal, R. B. (2006), 8673:"June 2003 Newsletter" 8474:AFP (17 August 2009). 8384:"Ganges River dolphin" 8125:Terrestrial Ecoregions 8061:Terrestrial Ecoregions 8035:Terrestrial Ecoregions 7763:"Bansagar Dam project" 6438:"Cho Oyu, China/Nepal" 6224:Dhungel & Pun 2009 6212:Dhungel & Pun 2009 6114:Advances in Geophysics 5900:Shanmugam, G. (2016). 5873:Dhungel & Pun 2009 5512:. BRILL. p. 334. 5082:Caso & Wolf (2010) 4679: 4607:Namami Gange Programme 4588: 4516: 4508: 4469: 4391: 4231: 4003: 3856: 3721: 3663: 3601: 3524:Agra famine of 1837–38 3507: 3463: 3449: 3353: 3333: 3289:Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh 3130:, 5th century, now in 3011: 2954: 2892: 2848: 2777: 2710: 2700:Redemption of the Dead 2541: 2462: 1838: 1695: 1687: 1671:, and the size of its 1660: 1562:, the world's largest 1323:, which irrigates the 1226: 1214: 1202: 1190: 1182: 1170: 1151:environmental planning 441:(the source stream in 43:Ganga (disambiguation) 41:. For other uses, see 17508:Rivers of West Bengal 17498:Rivers of Uttarakhand 17100:Shahi Bridge, Jaunpur 16000:Oriental magpie-robin 15559:Energy and resources: 15337:Village Defence Party 13712:Kolar, Madhya Pradesh 12240: 11060:Sen, Sudipta (2018). 11036:Fraser, James Baillie 11022:Cautley, Proby Thomas 10966:; and Victor Mallet, 9670:10.4324/9781315062204 9576:Earth-Science Reviews 9146:. Dehradun/Nainital. 8127:. World Wildlife Fund 8063:. World Wildlife Fund 8037:. World Wildlife Fund 7865:(PDF). Archived from 6542:"Shishapangma, China" 6412:"Makalu, China/Nepal" 6386:"Lhotse, China/Nepal" 6312:. IAHS. p. 308. 5354:Swain, Ashok (2004), 5319:"Subject headings: G" 5255:Swain, Ashok (2004), 4782:Ganga Lake (Mongolia) 4731:Colgong on the Ganges 4701:In art and literature 4674: 4579: 4514: 4496: 4464: 4389: 4292:Brahminy river turtle 4217: 4193:critically endangered 4166:Notopterus notopterus 3993: 3847: 3717: 3661: 3589: 3497: 3455: 3443: 3343: 3316: 3281:Lakshmaneshwar temple 3203:with Ganga is at the 3003: 2953:look on (circa 1740). 2929: 2878: 2842: 2765: 2707: 2532: 2456: 2419:water sharing dispute 1833: 1693: 1681: 1658: 1610:Indo-Australian Plate 1606:Indian tectonic plate 1220: 1208: 1196: 1188: 1176: 1164: 1106:critically endangered 973:, and eventually the 17463:Rivers of Bangladesh 17391:Arrah–Chhapra Bridge 17058:Lower Sharda Barrage 15254:Forced disappearance 15046:World Heritage Sites 13832:(in the Bangladesh) 12303:Ganges river dolphin 12102:Rivers of Bangladesh 11145:IWMI research report 11006:. Dennison Berwick. 10716:Environ Monit Assess 10699:. Tata McGraw-Hill. 10526:on 27 September 2011 10381:Newby, Eric (1998), 9205:"The river as being" 8868:12 June 2009 at the 8150:. IUCN. p. 23. 7568:. 21 September 2023. 5742:. ABC-CLIO. p. 5673:"Clean Up Or Perish" 5551:Rice, Earle (2012), 5444:"Ganges River Basin" 5333:, 2012, p. 23, 5191:. BFC Publications. 4875:The stated task was 4439:Amazon river dolphin 4396:Ganges river dolphin 4382:Ganges river dolphin 4324:Indian roofed turtle 4304:Melanochelys trijuga 4288:Geoclemys hamiltonii 4248:Crocodylus palustris 4018:(barbs and allies), 3949:Duabanga grandiflora 3940:in association with 3899:great Indian bustard 3835:four-horned antelope 3823:Sundarbans mangroves 3759:Rhinoceros unicornis 3735:Dudhwa National Park 3727:Rajaji National Park 3520:Proby Thomas Cautley 3263:for example, in the 3188:, which is also her 3031:, she is married to 2835:The Purifying Ganges 2796:Hindus also perform 2719:Triloka-patha-gamini 1775:Chota Nagpur plateau 1177:Bhagirathi River at 1108:species such as the 915:trans-boundary river 17488:Rivers of Jharkhand 17386:Munger Ganga Bridge 17381:Mahatma Gandhi Setu 17238:Kosi or Sapta Koshi 16824:Ghaghara or Karnali 16752:Indo-Gangetic Plain 15259:Freedom of religion 15226:High Court Division 15125:Election Commission 12673:Jadh Ganga/Jahanavi 12068:Lakes of Bangladesh 11731:Indian subcontinent 11729:Hydrography of the 11416:Indira Gandhi Canal 10780:Stone, Ian (2002), 10728:2007EMnAs.129..421S 10545:2009IJWRD..25..159R 10520:10.2166/wp.2009.012 10195:2007hwri.book.....J 9947:Ecology and Society 9893:2009niwr.book.....D 9846:. Permanent Black. 9801:1993Tectp.218..281B 9772:2003GeogJ.169...43B 9588:2005ESRv...72..169A 9533:10.1155/2011/798292 9037:. 3 December 2009. 8936:. 14 December 2010. 8922:on 16 October 2013. 8904:on 3 November 2011. 8824:2024JHzM..46933926G 8581:National Geographic 8551:2015IJWRD..31..201N 8514:on 24 November 2010 8433:2014PLoSO...983623H 8343:on 2 September 2011 8206:2012RFBF...22..251S 7624:. Upkar Prakashan. 7485:on 22 February 2013 6803:, pp. 136–137. 6705:, pp. 126–127. 6672:"Brahmaputra River" 6612:2023Geomo.42208482B 6464:"Dhaulāgiri, Nepal" 6265:1975Sci...188..611R 6187:, pp. 334–342. 5963:2008Sci...322..943G 5918:2016JPalG...5..110S 5045:on 15 February 2010 4807:National Waterway 1 4563:risk of infection. 4435:Indus River dolphin 4419:freshwater dolphins 4412:World Wildlife Fund 4376:Pelochelys cantorii 4360:Nilssonia gangetica 4316:brown roofed turtle 4300:Indian black turtle 4252:saltwater crocodile 4240:Gavialis gangeticus 4224:Gavialis gangeticus 4142:Pangasius pangasius 3968:smooth-coated otter 3911:Sypheotides indicus 3853:Sypheotides indicus 3775:Rucervus duvaucelii 3627:was constructed on 3526:, during which the 3516:John Russell Colvin 3472:Chandragupta Maurya 3149:pose with retinue. 2987:addresses the sage 2971:Uma-Ganga-Patiswara 2556:(tenth day) of the 2525:– Descent of Ganges 1773:in the west to the 1638:Indo-Gangetic Plain 1602:Indian subcontinent 670:Basin features 542:Mouth of the Ganges 380:Chittagong Division 27:Major river in Asia 17523:Rivers in Buddhism 16112:Hindu architecture 15925:Amar Shonar Bangla 15646:Telecommunications 14752:Six point movement 14697:Bengal Renaissance 14677:Portuguese Bengala 14582:Classical empires: 14321:Other major rivers 13140:Kolar, Maharashtra 13025:Parbati, Rajasthan 12540:Neelum/Kishanganga 12242: 11165:58 min Documentary 10980:'s definition of ' 10076:Ghosh, A. (1990). 9687:Berga, L. (2006). 8897:The Times of India 8710:on 26 January 2007 8482:on 23 January 2010 7994:The Times of India 7963:The Times of India 7478:The Times of India 7356:on 25 October 2007 7344:"The Urn Festival" 7039:, pp. 216–217 6643:Rice in deep water 6567:Krishna Murti 1991 6516:"Annapūrna, Nepal" 6043:, pp. 156–58. 5890:, pp. 126–27. 5807:Krishna Murti 1991 5678:The Times of India 5506:Ghosh, A. (1990). 5450:. 1 October 2019. 5020:on 28 January 2010 5009:. 13 January 2010. 4889:GAP has collapsed. 4772:Gangaputra Brahmin 4762:Fair river sharing 4655:Recent studies by 4621:In March 2017 the 4517: 4509: 4447:Araguaia–Tocantins 4427:Lipotes vexillifer 4392: 4336:Pangshura tentoria 4332:Indian tent turtle 4308:Indian eyed turtle 4232: 4200:Glyphis gangeticus 4162:bronze featherback 4076:(about 10.6%) and 4038:(about 15.6%) and 4012:introduced species 4004: 3976:large Indian civet 3958:. There are early 3903:Ardeotis nigriceps 3857: 3751:Panthera t. tigris 3722: 3664: 3597:Pennsylvania Canal 3528:East India Company 3508: 3480:Firuz Shah Tughlaq 3464: 3450: 3354: 3265:Dashavatara temple 2955: 2849: 2725:= "three worlds", 2711: 2542: 2463: 2457:Chromolithograph, 1839: 1696: 1688: 1661: 1496:Bhāgirathi-Hooghly 1227: 1215: 1203: 1191: 1183: 1171: 17435: 17434: 17350:Indrapuri Barrage 17322: 17321: 17299:Lilajan/Niranjana 17144: 17143: 17026:Dams and barrages 16975: 16974: 16760: 16759: 16659:Tapovan Vishnugad 16195: 16194: 16062: 16061: 16022: 16021: 16018: 16017: 15760:Human trafficking 15701: 15700: 15522:Bangladeshi taka 15429: 15428: 15425: 15424: 15198:Upazila Parishads 15188:City corporations 15147:Foreign relations 15142:Political parties 15130:General elections 15056: 15055: 14919: 14918: 14915: 14914: 14742:Language Movement 14722:Direct Action Day 14712:Lahore Resolution 14656:Battle of Plassey 14570:Founding kingdom: 14356: 14355: 13774:Gomati, Rajasthan 12491:Panjnad, Pakistan 12391: 12390: 12298:(Heritage animal) 12130: 12129: 11991:Kerala backwaters 11696: 11695: 11546:Sambhar Salt Lake 11456:Kerala backwaters 11120:rendering support 11092:978-981-10-2983-7 10387:, Lonely Planet, 10110:978-0-470-84987-3 9922:, pp. 1–29, 9916:"India: The Land" 9295:17 October 2012, 9068:, 5 November 2008 8952:m.indiatvnews.com 8266:"Gharial biology" 8157:978-2-8317-1324-3 7966:. 22 April 2014. 7872:on 22 August 2014 7775:on 8 October 2011 7541:, pp. 69–79. 7513:. 27 March 2021. 7270:, pp. 119–20 6999:, pp. 215–16 6967:, pp. 145–46 6954:, pp. 145–46 6914:, pp. 144–45 6868:, pp. 214–15 6830:, pp. 212–13 5957:(5903): 943–945. 5640:978-81-250-0781-4 5602:978-0-15-100585-7 5519:978-90-04-09264-8 5480:. 29 April 2020. 4691:Haridwar district 4636:diseases—such as 4572:Ganga Action Plan 4344:Lissemys punctata 4320:Pangshura smithii 4284:black pond turtle 4134:Clarias batrachus 3755:Indian rhinoceros 3719:Ganges from Space 3648:coastal reservoir 3638:was built on the 3619:Lav Khush Barrage 3604:Dams and barrages 3551:Lord Ellenborough 3474:, the founder of 3470:), an advisor to 3167:sanctum sanctorum 3126:, Uttar Pradesh, 2941:, as the goddess 2444:Ganga in Hinduism 2391: 2390: 1850:Southwest Monsoon 1686:in the background 1315:. At Haridwar, a 1143:Ganga Action Plan 872:; in Bangladesh: 785: 784: 334:Rajshahi Division 16:(Redirected from 17540: 17411:Vikramshila Setu 17366:Bridges in Bihar 17193: 17192: 17171: 17164: 17157: 17148: 17147: 16809: 16808: 16787: 16780: 16773: 16764: 16763: 16222: 16215: 16208: 16199: 16198: 16185: 16089: 16082: 16075: 16066: 16065: 16042: 16035: 15716: 15715: 15712: 15711: 15584:Renewable energy 15530:Financial system 15525: 15517: 15514:Bangladesh Bank 15504:Finance sectors: 15440: 15439: 15241:Attorney General 15181:Local government 15162: 15152:Foreign policies 15071: 15070: 15067: 15066: 14957:Cities and towns 14930: 14929: 14864:Protests in 2013 14859:Battle of Begums 14670:and Pakistan era 14651:Nawabs of Bengal 14624:Bengal Sultanate 14479: 14478: 14407: 14406: 14383: 14376: 14369: 14360: 14359: 13571:Lakshmana Tirtha 12434:Great Rivers of 12418: 12411: 12404: 12395: 12394: 12384: 12376: 12368: 12338:Independence Day 12323: 12315: 12307: 12306:(Aquatic animal) 12299: 12291: 12283: 12275: 12267: 12259: 12229: 12221: 12213: 12205: 12201:Satyameva Jayate 12197: 12189: 12169: 12168: 12157: 12150: 12143: 12134: 12133: 12032:Gulf of Khambhat 11723: 11716: 11709: 11700: 11699: 11632:Gulf of Khambhat 11299: 11298: 11287: 11280: 11273: 11264: 11263: 11258: 11250: 11249: 11248: 11241: 11233: 11232: 11231: 11224: 11216: 11215: 11214: 11204: 11188: 11187: 11186: 11179: 11108: 11107: 11088: 11075: 11056: 11045: 11031: 11017: 10929: 10892: 10872: 10862:, PHI Learning, 10854: 10817: 10796: 10776: 10755: 10710: 10691: 10666: 10664: 10662: 10656: 10649: 10645:"Alternate copy" 10642: 10621: 10596:(9404): 223–33. 10584: 10563: 10527: 10522:, archived from 10498: 10476: 10464: 10456: 10443: 10417: 10397: 10377: 10342: 10322: 10321: 10319: 10290: 10270: 10268: 10266: 10260: 10245: 10235: 10208: 10179: 10159: 10132: 10114: 10093: 10072: 10057: 10048: 10027: 10006: 10005: 10003: 9971: 9969: 9962: 9944: 9934: 9933: 9931: 9906: 9877: 9857: 9830: 9812: 9783: 9754: 9753: 9751: 9722: 9704: 9683: 9651: 9650: 9648: 9619: 9599: 9570: 9568: 9566: 9560: 9545: 9535: 9526:(798292): 1–13. 9517: 9497: 9496: 9494: 9492: 9475: 9473: 9471: 9453: 9447: 9446: 9444: 9442: 9425: 9423: 9421: 9403: 9397: 9396: 9394: 9392: 9383:. 16 June 2011. 9371: 9365: 9358: 9352: 9343: 9337: 9336: 9334: 9332: 9312: 9306: 9289: 9283: 9282: 9280: 9278: 9262: 9256: 9255: 9253: 9251: 9231: 9225: 9224: 9222: 9220: 9200: 9194: 9193: 9191: 9189: 9169: 9160: 9159: 9157: 9155: 9135: 9129: 9128: 9126: 9124: 9105: 9099: 9098: 9096: 9094: 9075: 9069: 9057: 9051: 9050: 9048: 9046: 9027: 9021: 9020: 9003: 8994: 8993: 8991: 8989: 8974: 8968: 8967: 8965: 8963: 8958:on 8 August 2017 8944: 8938: 8937: 8930: 8924: 8923: 8918:. Archived from 8912: 8906: 8905: 8888: 8879: 8860: 8851: 8850: 8848: 8846: 8803: 8797: 8796: 8794: 8792: 8782: 8776: 8775: 8773: 8771: 8749: 8743: 8737: 8720: 8719: 8717: 8715: 8706:. Archived from 8695: 8689: 8688: 8686: 8684: 8669: 8663: 8662: 8652: 8628: 8622: 8621: 8619: 8617: 8612:on 25 April 2022 8608:. Archived from 8586:Washington, D.C. 8571: 8565: 8564: 8562: 8530: 8524: 8523: 8521: 8519: 8513: 8507:. Archived from 8506: 8498: 8492: 8491: 8489: 8487: 8478:. Archived from 8471: 8465: 8464: 8454: 8444: 8410: 8404: 8403: 8401: 8399: 8380: 8374: 8373: 8371: 8369: 8359: 8353: 8352: 8350: 8348: 8333: 8327: 8326: 8291: 8282: 8281: 8279: 8277: 8272:on 14 April 2013 8262: 8256: 8255: 8253: 8251: 8232: 8226: 8225: 8189: 8162: 8161: 8143: 8137: 8136: 8134: 8132: 8117: 8104: 8103: 8101: 8099: 8084:"The Sundarbans" 8079: 8073: 8072: 8070: 8068: 8053: 8047: 8046: 8044: 8042: 8027: 8010: 8009: 8007: 8005: 7986: 7980: 7979: 7977: 7975: 7954: 7948: 7947: 7945: 7943: 7938:on 24 April 2014 7934:. Archived from 7921: 7915: 7914: 7912: 7910: 7905:on 24 April 2014 7901:. Archived from 7888: 7882: 7881: 7879: 7877: 7871: 7864: 7856: 7850: 7849: 7847: 7845: 7839: 7800: 7791: 7785: 7784: 7782: 7780: 7774: 7767: 7759: 7753: 7752: 7750: 7748: 7728: 7722: 7716: 7710: 7704: 7698: 7697: 7669: 7663: 7657: 7648: 7642: 7636: 7635: 7615: 7609: 7603: 7597: 7591: 7585: 7579: 7570: 7569: 7562: 7556: 7555: 7554:. 14 April 2005. 7548: 7542: 7536: 7527: 7526: 7524: 7522: 7501: 7495: 7494: 7492: 7490: 7468: 7462: 7461: 7459: 7457: 7437: 7431: 7430: 7428: 7426: 7405: 7399: 7398: 7378: 7369: 7368: 7365: 7363: 7361: 7340: 7334: 7328: 7322: 7316: 7303: 7297: 7288: 7282: 7271: 7265: 7259: 7253: 7244: 7238: 7225: 7219: 7208: 7198: 7192: 7186: 7180: 7174: 7168: 7162: 7147: 7141: 7126: 7120: 7114: 7108: 7081: 7074: 7061: 7055: 7040: 7034: 7025: 7019: 7013: 7006: 7000: 6994: 6985: 6979: 6968: 6961: 6955: 6949: 6932: 6926: 6915: 6909: 6894: 6888: 6869: 6863: 6852: 6846: 6831: 6825: 6819: 6813: 6804: 6798: 6792: 6791: 6755: 6749: 6748: 6746: 6744: 6729: 6723: 6722: 6712: 6706: 6703:Chakrabarti 2001 6700: 6694: 6693: 6691: 6689: 6668: 6662: 6661: 6637: 6631: 6630: 6628: 6626: 6591: 6585: 6579: 6570: 6564: 6558: 6557: 6555: 6553: 6538: 6532: 6531: 6529: 6527: 6512: 6506: 6505: 6503: 6501: 6490:"Manaslu, Nepal" 6486: 6480: 6479: 6477: 6475: 6460: 6454: 6453: 6451: 6449: 6434: 6428: 6427: 6425: 6423: 6408: 6402: 6401: 6399: 6397: 6382: 6376: 6375: 6373: 6371: 6356: 6350: 6349: 6347: 6345: 6330: 6324: 6323: 6303: 6297: 6291: 6285: 6284: 6259:(4188): 611–16. 6248: 6242: 6236: 6227: 6221: 6215: 6209: 6203: 6197: 6188: 6182: 6171: 6170: 6168: 6166: 6138: 6129: 6128: 6108: 6102: 6101: 6099: 6088: 6079: 6073: 6067: 6061: 6055: 6044: 6038: 6029: 6023: 6010: 6004: 5991: 5990: 5946: 5940: 5939: 5929: 5897: 5891: 5888:Chakrabarti 2001 5885: 5876: 5870: 5864: 5858: 5847: 5841: 5830: 5816: 5810: 5804: 5795: 5794: 5792: 5790: 5771: 5765: 5764: 5762: 5760: 5741: 5731: 5725: 5724: 5722: 5720: 5699: 5682: 5670: 5657: 5656: 5654: 5652: 5624: 5618: 5617: 5616: 5614: 5586: 5580: 5579: 5578: 5576: 5554:The Ganges River 5548: 5539: 5538: 5536: 5534: 5503: 5494: 5493: 5491: 5489: 5470: 5464: 5463: 5461: 5459: 5440: 5434: 5433: 5431: 5429: 5420:. 31 July 2018. 5414: 5408: 5394: 5388: 5387: 5381: 5379: 5351: 5345: 5344: 5339: 5332: 5323: 5315: 5309: 5308: 5303: 5292: 5282: 5276: 5275: 5252: 5246: 5236: 5230: 5224: 5215: 5214: 5212: 5210: 5182: 5169: 5163: 5157: 5156: 5155: 5153: 5135: 5115: 5107: 5101: 5093: 5087: 5079: 5073: 5065: 5056: 5054: 5052: 5050: 5044: 5037: 5029: 5027: 5025: 5010: 4994: 4988: 4979: 4973: 4961: 4948: 4940: 4929: 4921: 4912: 4904: 4895: 4892: 4888: 4883: 4878: 4874: 4870: 4867:, who promised, 4857: 4729: 4710: 4612: 4538:Varanasi's ghats 4296:Hardella thurjii 4244:mugger crocodile 4189:invasive species 3955:Sterculia vilosa 3943:Albizzia procera 3791:Panthera leo leo 3783:Melursus ursinus 3344:A procession of 3330: 3142: 3107: 3092:Rameshwar Temple 3087: 3067: 3001:in these words: 2534:Descent of Ganga 1966:Average maximum 1963:Average minimum 1955:Average maximum 1952:Average minimum 1942:Discharge (m/s) 1936:Discharge (m/s) 1930: 1929: 1732:Himachal Pradesh 1251:Gangotri Glacier 909: 904: 903: 900: 899: 896: 893: 890: 887: 884: 868: 863: 862: 859: 858: 855: 852: 849: 846: 843: 827: 822: 821: 818: 817: 814: 811: 808: 805: 802: 799: 736: 685: 658: 648: 638: 626: 600: 584: 554: 538: 468: 439:Bhagirathi river 394:Barisal Division 77: 62: 50: 49: 21: 17548: 17547: 17543: 17542: 17541: 17539: 17538: 17537: 17518:Rigvedic rivers 17493:Rivers of Delhi 17483:Rivers of Bihar 17438: 17437: 17436: 17431: 17427:Floods in Bihar 17415: 17354: 17338: 17318: 17262: 17184: 17175: 17145: 17140: 17126:Sarasvati River 17104: 17083: 17062: 17021: 16997:Chittaura Jheel 16987:Barua Sagar Tal 16971: 16900: 16834: 16800: 16791: 16761: 16756: 16727:Dehradun canals 16715: 16694: 16663: 16592: 16561: 16490: 16402: 16235: 16226: 16196: 16191: 16173: 16134:Gurus and sants 16098: 16093: 16063: 16058: 16045: 16038: 16031: 16014: 15985:National Emblem 15955:Government Seal 15911: 15882:Public holidays 15808: 15697: 15636:Infrastructure: 15537:Stock Exchange: 15523: 15515: 15421: 15275: 15160: 15052: 14937:Administrative: 14911: 14868: 14803: 14692:Sepoy Rebellion 14682:British Bengal: 14662: 14614:Delhi Sultanate 14558: 14473: 14396: 14387: 14357: 14352: 14316: 13932:Coastal rivers 13927: 13868:(in Bangladesh) 13818: 13782: 13752: 13679: 13577: 13497: 13478: 13243: 13103: 12636: 12471: 12439: 12427: 12425:Rivers of India 12422: 12392: 12387: 12382: 12380:Indian Calendar 12374: 12366: 12352: 12326: 12321: 12313: 12305: 12297: 12295:Indian elephant 12289: 12281: 12273: 12265: 12257: 12248:Flora and fauna 12243: 12232: 12227: 12225:National Pledge 12219: 12211: 12203: 12195: 12193:Emblem of India 12187: 12173: 12163: 12161: 12131: 12126: 12056: 12000: 11909: 11733: 11727: 11697: 11692: 11688:Rivers of India 11666: 11610: 11556:Sabarmati River 11304: 11300:Hydrography of 11293: 11291: 11261: 11251: 11246: 11244: 11234: 11229: 11227: 11217: 11212: 11210: 11207: 11203:sister projects 11200:at Knowledge's 11194: 11184: 11182: 11174: 11129: 11128: 11127: 11118:Without proper 11109: 11105: 11100: 11095: 11072: 11014: 10943: 10937: 10935:Further reading 10932: 10890: 10870: 10814: 10794: 10773: 10722:(1–3): 421–32. 10707: 10660: 10658: 10654: 10647: 10643: 10639: 10581: 10496: 10473: 10441: 10415: 10395: 10366: 10340: 10317: 10315: 10308: 10288: 10264: 10262: 10258: 10248:Current Science 10243: 10224: 10205: 10177: 10169:, Ulverscroft, 10156: 10130: 10111: 10090: 10070: 10045: 10025: 10001: 9999: 9992: 9967: 9942: 9929: 9927: 9910:Dikshit, K.R.; 9903: 9875: 9854: 9828: 9795:(1–3): 281–86. 9749: 9747: 9740: 9720: 9701: 9680: 9646: 9644: 9637: 9617: 9582:(3–4): 169–88. 9564: 9562: 9558: 9515: 9506: 9501: 9500: 9490: 9488: 9469: 9467: 9454: 9450: 9440: 9438: 9419: 9417: 9404: 9400: 9390: 9388: 9373: 9372: 9368: 9359: 9355: 9344: 9340: 9330: 9328: 9313: 9309: 9304:Wayback Machine 9290: 9286: 9276: 9274: 9263: 9259: 9249: 9247: 9232: 9228: 9218: 9216: 9201: 9197: 9187: 9185: 9170: 9163: 9153: 9151: 9144:Hindustan Times 9136: 9132: 9122: 9120: 9107: 9106: 9102: 9092: 9090: 9077: 9076: 9072: 9058: 9054: 9044: 9042: 9029: 9028: 9024: 9018: 9004: 8997: 8987: 8985: 8976: 8975: 8971: 8961: 8959: 8946: 8945: 8941: 8932: 8931: 8927: 8914: 8913: 8909: 8890: 8889: 8882: 8878:, 27 July 2008. 8870:Wayback Machine 8861: 8854: 8844: 8842: 8804: 8800: 8790: 8788: 8784: 8783: 8779: 8769: 8767: 8750: 8746: 8738: 8723: 8713: 8711: 8696: 8692: 8682: 8680: 8671: 8670: 8666: 8629: 8625: 8615: 8613: 8572: 8568: 8531: 8527: 8517: 8515: 8511: 8504: 8500: 8499: 8495: 8485: 8483: 8472: 8468: 8411: 8407: 8397: 8395: 8382: 8381: 8377: 8367: 8365: 8361: 8360: 8356: 8346: 8344: 8335: 8334: 8330: 8315: 8292: 8285: 8275: 8273: 8264: 8263: 8259: 8249: 8247: 8234: 8233: 8229: 8190: 8165: 8158: 8144: 8140: 8130: 8128: 8119: 8118: 8107: 8097: 8095: 8080: 8076: 8066: 8064: 8055: 8054: 8050: 8040: 8038: 8029: 8028: 8013: 8003: 8001: 7988: 7987: 7983: 7973: 7971: 7956: 7955: 7951: 7941: 7939: 7922: 7918: 7908: 7906: 7889: 7885: 7875: 7873: 7869: 7862: 7858: 7857: 7853: 7843: 7841: 7837: 7798: 7792: 7788: 7778: 7776: 7772: 7765: 7761: 7760: 7756: 7746: 7744: 7729: 7725: 7717: 7713: 7705: 7701: 7686:10.2307/2644864 7670: 7666: 7658: 7651: 7643: 7639: 7632: 7616: 7612: 7604: 7600: 7592: 7588: 7580: 7573: 7564: 7563: 7559: 7550: 7549: 7545: 7537: 7530: 7520: 7518: 7503: 7502: 7498: 7488: 7486: 7469: 7465: 7455: 7453: 7438: 7434: 7424: 7422: 7407: 7406: 7402: 7395: 7379: 7372: 7366: 7359: 7357: 7342: 7341: 7337: 7329: 7325: 7317: 7306: 7298: 7291: 7283: 7274: 7266: 7262: 7254: 7247: 7239: 7228: 7220: 7211: 7199: 7195: 7187: 7183: 7175: 7171: 7163: 7150: 7142: 7129: 7121: 7117: 7109: 7084: 7075: 7064: 7056: 7043: 7035: 7028: 7020: 7016: 7007: 7003: 6995: 6988: 6980: 6971: 6962: 6958: 6950: 6935: 6927: 6918: 6910: 6897: 6889: 6872: 6864: 6855: 6847: 6834: 6826: 6822: 6814: 6807: 6799: 6795: 6756: 6752: 6742: 6740: 6731: 6730: 6726: 6713: 6709: 6701: 6697: 6687: 6685: 6670: 6669: 6665: 6658: 6650:. p. 175. 6638: 6634: 6624: 6622: 6592: 6588: 6580: 6573: 6565: 6561: 6551: 6549: 6540: 6539: 6535: 6525: 6523: 6514: 6513: 6509: 6499: 6497: 6488: 6487: 6483: 6473: 6471: 6462: 6461: 6457: 6447: 6445: 6436: 6435: 6431: 6421: 6419: 6410: 6409: 6405: 6395: 6393: 6384: 6383: 6379: 6369: 6367: 6358: 6357: 6353: 6343: 6341: 6332: 6331: 6327: 6320: 6304: 6300: 6292: 6288: 6249: 6245: 6237: 6230: 6222: 6218: 6210: 6206: 6202:, p. 1304. 6198: 6191: 6183: 6174: 6164: 6162: 6155: 6139: 6132: 6125: 6109: 6105: 6097: 6091:Current Science 6086: 6080: 6076: 6068: 6064: 6056: 6047: 6039: 6032: 6024: 6013: 6005: 5994: 5947: 5943: 5898: 5894: 5886: 5879: 5871: 5867: 5859: 5850: 5842: 5833: 5817: 5813: 5805: 5798: 5788: 5786: 5773: 5772: 5768: 5758: 5756: 5754: 5732: 5728: 5718: 5716: 5701: 5700: 5685: 5681:, 19 March 2010 5671: 5660: 5650: 5648: 5641: 5630:Legends of Devi 5625: 5621: 5612: 5610: 5603: 5587: 5583: 5574: 5572: 5565: 5549: 5542: 5532: 5530: 5520: 5504: 5497: 5487: 5485: 5472: 5471: 5467: 5457: 5455: 5442: 5441: 5437: 5427: 5425: 5416: 5415: 5411: 5395: 5391: 5377: 5375: 5368: 5352: 5348: 5337: 5330: 5321: 5317: 5316: 5312: 5301: 5290: 5287:India: Factfile 5284: 5283: 5279: 5269: 5253: 5249: 5237: 5233: 5225: 5218: 5208: 5206: 5199: 5183: 5172: 5164: 5160: 5151: 5149: 5136: 5129: 5124: 5119: 5118: 5114: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5100: 5098: 5094: 5090: 5086: 5084: 5080: 5076: 5072: 5070: 5066: 5059: 5055: 5048: 5046: 5042: 5035: 5031: 5023: 5021: 5012: 5001: 4995: 4991: 4987: 4985: 4980: 4976: 4972: 4970: 4968: 4966: 4962: 4951: 4947: 4945: 4941: 4932: 4928: 4926: 4922: 4915: 4911: 4909: 4905: 4898: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4881: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4862: 4860:Haberman (2006) 4858: 4851: 4846: 4841: 4832:Ganga (goddess) 4767:Ganga Pushkaram 4752: 4739:J. M. W. Turner 4703: 4684: 4669: 4667:Water shortages 4610: 4491: 4485: 4459:Tibetan Plateau 4455: 4384: 4328:Pangshura tecta 4312:Morenia petersi 4218:The threatened 4212: 4130:walking catfish 3988: 3980:Viverra zibetha 3907:lesser florican 3849:Lesser florican 3827:Heritiera fomes 3743:Elephas maximus 3739:Asian elephants 3712: 3698: 3656: 3606: 3457:Solani Aqueduct 3438: 3424: 3360: 3338: 3328: 3269:Trimurti temple 3205:Udayagiri Caves 3199:pairing of the 3162: 3161: 3160: 3157: 3143: 3134: 3108: 3099: 3088: 3079: 3068: 3056: 3008: 3006: 2949:, and the bull 2897: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2837: 2774: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2702: 2550:Ganga Dashahara 2538:Raja Ravi Varma 2527: 2475:Hindu mythology 2451: 2446: 2440: 2424:Port of Kolkata 2396: 1925:Farakka Barrage 1921: 1858:Hardinge Bridge 1843:Hardinge Bridge 1835:Hardinge Bridge 1653: 1598: 1504:Farakka Barrage 1159: 1018:Hindu mythology 1004:, which is the 907: 881: 877: 866: 840: 836: 825: 796: 792: 734: 683: 656: 646: 636: 630:Farakka Barrage 624: 598: 582: 552: 536: 498: 466: 443:Hindu tradition 427:Alaknanda river 294:Diamond Harbour 89:Ganga (goddess) 80: 68: 46: 39:Ganga (goddess) 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 17546: 17536: 17535: 17530: 17525: 17520: 17515: 17510: 17505: 17500: 17495: 17490: 17485: 17480: 17475: 17470: 17465: 17460: 17455: 17450: 17433: 17432: 17430: 17429: 17423: 17421: 17420:Related topics 17417: 17416: 17414: 17413: 17408: 17403: 17398: 17393: 17388: 17383: 17378: 17376:Koilwar Bridge 17373: 17368: 17362: 17360: 17356: 17355: 17353: 17352: 17346: 17344: 17343:Dams, barrages 17340: 17339: 17337: 17336: 17330: 17328: 17324: 17323: 17320: 17319: 17317: 17316: 17311: 17306: 17301: 17296: 17291: 17286: 17281: 17276: 17270: 17268: 17264: 17263: 17261: 17260: 17255: 17250: 17245: 17240: 17235: 17230: 17225: 17220: 17215: 17210: 17205: 17199: 17197: 17190: 17186: 17185: 17174: 17173: 17166: 17159: 17151: 17142: 17141: 17139: 17138: 17133: 17131:Triveni Sangam 17128: 17123: 17118: 17112: 17110: 17109:Related topics 17106: 17105: 17103: 17102: 17097: 17095:Malviya Bridge 17091: 17089: 17085: 17084: 17082: 17081: 17076: 17070: 17068: 17064: 17063: 17061: 17060: 17055: 17050: 17045: 17040: 17035: 17033:Ganges Barrage 17029: 17027: 17023: 17022: 17020: 17019: 17014: 17009: 17004: 16999: 16994: 16989: 16983: 16981: 16977: 16976: 16973: 16972: 16970: 16969: 16964: 16959: 16954: 16949: 16944: 16939: 16934: 16929: 16924: 16919: 16914: 16908: 16906: 16902: 16901: 16899: 16898: 16893: 16888: 16883: 16878: 16873: 16868: 16863: 16858: 16853: 16848: 16842: 16840: 16836: 16835: 16833: 16832: 16827: 16821: 16815: 16813: 16806: 16802: 16801: 16790: 16789: 16782: 16775: 16767: 16758: 16757: 16755: 16754: 16749: 16744: 16739: 16734: 16729: 16723: 16721: 16720:Related topics 16717: 16716: 16714: 16713: 16708: 16706:Lakshman Jhula 16702: 16700: 16696: 16695: 16693: 16692: 16687: 16682: 16677: 16671: 16669: 16665: 16664: 16662: 16661: 16656: 16651: 16646: 16641: 16636: 16634:Loharinag Pala 16631: 16626: 16621: 16616: 16611: 16606: 16600: 16598: 16594: 16593: 16591: 16590: 16585: 16580: 16575: 16569: 16567: 16563: 16562: 16560: 16559: 16554: 16549: 16544: 16539: 16534: 16529: 16524: 16519: 16514: 16509: 16504: 16498: 16496: 16492: 16491: 16489: 16488: 16483: 16478: 16473: 16468: 16463: 16458: 16453: 16448: 16443: 16438: 16433: 16428: 16423: 16418: 16412: 16410: 16404: 16403: 16401: 16400: 16395: 16390: 16385: 16380: 16375: 16369: 16364: 16359: 16354: 16349: 16344: 16339: 16334: 16329: 16324: 16319: 16314: 16309: 16304: 16299: 16294: 16289: 16284: 16279: 16274: 16269: 16264: 16259: 16254: 16249: 16243: 16241: 16237: 16236: 16225: 16224: 16217: 16210: 16202: 16193: 16192: 16190: 16189: 16178: 16175: 16174: 16172: 16171: 16166: 16161: 16156: 16151: 16146: 16141: 16136: 16131: 16126: 16121: 16120: 16119: 16114: 16103: 16100: 16099: 16092: 16091: 16084: 16077: 16069: 16060: 16059: 16057: 16056: 16051: 16044: 16043: 16036: 16028: 16027: 16024: 16023: 16020: 16019: 16016: 16015: 16013: 16012: 16007: 16002: 15997: 15992: 15987: 15982: 15977: 15972: 15967: 15962: 15957: 15952: 15947: 15942: 15937: 15932: 15927: 15921: 15919: 15913: 15912: 15910: 15909: 15904: 15899: 15897:Radio stations 15894: 15889: 15884: 15879: 15874: 15869: 15867:Bengal studies 15864: 15859: 15854: 15849: 15844: 15839: 15834: 15829: 15824: 15818: 15816: 15810: 15809: 15807: 15806: 15801: 15796: 15791: 15786: 15785: 15784: 15779: 15769: 15768: 15767: 15762: 15757: 15747: 15746: 15745: 15740: 15730: 15724: 15722: 15709: 15703: 15702: 15699: 15698: 15696: 15695: 15694: 15693: 15688: 15683: 15678: 15673: 15660: 15659: 15658: 15653: 15648: 15643: 15633: 15628: 15623: 15618: 15617: 15616: 15611: 15606: 15593: 15588: 15587: 15586: 15581: 15579:Nuclear energy 15576: 15571: 15566: 15556: 15555: 15554: 15549: 15544: 15534: 15533: 15532: 15527: 15519: 15516:(central bank) 15511: 15501: 15500: 15499: 15497:Tea production 15494: 15489: 15484: 15479: 15477:Pharmaceutical 15474: 15469: 15464: 15459: 15449: 15443: 15437: 15431: 15430: 15427: 15426: 15423: 15422: 15420: 15419: 15418: 15417: 15412: 15407: 15402: 15397: 15392: 15381: 15380: 15379: 15377:Special Branch 15374: 15369: 15364: 15352: 15351: 15346: 15341: 15340: 15339: 15334: 15329: 15324: 15313: 15312: 15311: 15306: 15301: 15289: 15287: 15277: 15276: 15274: 15273: 15272: 15271: 15266: 15261: 15256: 15245: 15244: 15243: 15238: 15233: 15228: 15223: 15218: 15207: 15206: 15205: 15203:Union councils 15200: 15195: 15193:Municipalities 15190: 15177: 15176: 15175: 15170: 15168:Constituencies 15158:Jatiya Sangsad 15154: 15149: 15144: 15139: 15138: 15137: 15132: 15127: 15116: 15115: 15114: 15109: 15108: 15107: 15100:Prime Minister 15097: 15096: 15095: 15079: 15077: 15064: 15058: 15057: 15054: 15053: 15051: 15050: 15049: 15048: 15043: 15038: 15033: 15028: 15023: 15018: 15013: 15008: 14998: 14997: 14996: 14991: 14989:National parks 14986: 14981: 14976: 14966: 14961: 14960: 14959: 14954: 14949: 14944: 14933: 14927: 14921: 14920: 14917: 14916: 14913: 14912: 14910: 14909: 14904: 14899: 14894: 14889: 14884: 14878: 14876: 14870: 14869: 14867: 14866: 14861: 14856: 14851: 14846: 14841: 14840: 14839: 14834: 14829: 14822:Military coups 14819: 14817:Famine of 1974 14813: 14811: 14805: 14804: 14802: 14801: 14800: 14799: 14794: 14789: 14784: 14771: 14770: 14769: 14764: 14759: 14754: 14749: 14744: 14731: 14730: 14729: 14724: 14719: 14717:Famine of 1943 14714: 14709: 14704: 14699: 14694: 14689: 14687:Famine of 1770 14679: 14673: 14671: 14664: 14663: 14661: 14660: 14659: 14658: 14653: 14648: 14641:Mughal period: 14638: 14633: 14628: 14627: 14626: 14621: 14619:Khalji dynasty 14616: 14611: 14609:Islamic rulers 14601: 14600: 14599: 14594: 14589: 14579: 14578: 14577: 14566: 14564: 14560: 14559: 14557: 14556: 14551: 14546: 14541: 14536: 14531: 14526: 14521: 14516: 14511: 14506: 14501: 14496: 14491: 14485: 14483: 14475: 14474: 14472: 14471: 14466: 14461: 14456: 14455: 14454: 14449: 14444: 14439: 14434: 14421: 14416: 14410: 14404: 14398: 14397: 14386: 14385: 14378: 14371: 14363: 14354: 14353: 14351: 14350: 14345: 14340: 14335: 14330: 14324: 14322: 14318: 14317: 14315: 14314: 14309: 14304: 14299: 14294: 14289: 14284: 14279: 14274: 14268: 14267: 14266: 14261: 14251: 14246: 14241: 14236: 14231: 14226: 14221: 14216: 14211: 14206: 14201: 14196: 14194:Bharathappuzha 14191: 14186: 14181: 14176: 14171: 14166: 14161: 14156: 14151: 14146: 14141: 14136: 14131: 14126: 14121: 14116: 14111: 14106: 14101: 14096: 14091: 14086: 14081: 14076: 14071: 14066: 14061: 14056: 14051: 14046: 14041: 14036: 14031: 14026: 14021: 14016: 14011: 14006: 14001: 13996: 13991: 13986: 13981: 13980: 13979: 13974: 13973:(North Bengal) 13968: 13963: 13958: 13948: 13947: 13946: 13935: 13933: 13929: 13928: 13926: 13925: 13924: 13923: 13922: 13921: 13916: 13906: 13905: 13904: 13894: 13893: 13892: 13891: 13890: 13874: 13869: 13862: 13857: 13852: 13847: 13842: 13826: 13824: 13820: 13819: 13817: 13816: 13815: 13814: 13809: 13804: 13793: 13791: 13784: 13783: 13781: 13780: 13779: 13778: 13777: 13776: 13763: 13761: 13754: 13753: 13751: 13750: 13749: 13748: 13745: 13742: 13739: 13736: 13733: 13730: 13727: 13722: 13717: 13714: 13709: 13704: 13701: 13690: 13688: 13681: 13680: 13678: 13677: 13676: 13675: 13670: 13669: 13668: 13663: 13658: 13653: 13648: 13638: 13633: 13632: 13631: 13621: 13616: 13615: 13614: 13604: 13599: 13588: 13586: 13579: 13578: 13576: 13575: 13574: 13573: 13568: 13563: 13558: 13553: 13548: 13543: 13542: 13541: 13536: 13534:Vrishabhavathi 13526: 13521: 13520:(distributary) 13508: 13506: 13499: 13498: 13496: 13495: 13489: 13487: 13480: 13479: 13477: 13476: 13475: 13474: 13469: 13464: 13459: 13454: 13449: 13444: 13443: 13442: 13437: 13432: 13427: 13422: 13421: 13420: 13410: 13405: 13400: 13395: 13390: 13385: 13380: 13375: 13374: 13373: 13368: 13358: 13353: 13343: 13342: 13341: 13340: 13339: 13336: 13333: 13325: 13320: 13310: 13305: 13300: 13295: 13290: 13285: 13280: 13275: 13270: 13265: 13254: 13252: 13245: 13244: 13242: 13241: 13240: 13239: 13234: 13229: 13224: 13216: 13215: 13214: 13209: 13204: 13199: 13194: 13193: 13192: 13182: 13181: 13180: 13175: 13174: 13173: 13163: 13162: 13161: 13160: 13159: 13154: 13153: 13152: 13142: 13122: 13114: 13112: 13105: 13104: 13102: 13101: 13100: 13099: 13098: 13097: 13092: 13082: 13081: 13080: 13079: 13078: 13068: 13063: 13058: 13048: 13047: 13046: 13041: 13031: 13030: 13029: 13028: 13027: 13017: 13016: 13015: 13010: 13005: 13004: 13003: 12993: 12992: 12991: 12986: 12981: 12980: 12979: 12969: 12959: 12949: 12948: 12947: 12937: 12932: 12931: 12930: 12920: 12919: 12918: 12913: 12908: 12898: 12893: 12883: 12882: 12881: 12876: 12866: 12865: 12864: 12863: 12862: 12857: 12852: 12847: 12837: 12836: 12835: 12820: 12819: 12818: 12813: 12808: 12807: 12806: 12801: 12791: 12786: 12785: 12784: 12769: 12764: 12763: 12762: 12752: 12747: 12742: 12737: 12732: 12727: 12722: 12717: 12716: 12715: 12710: 12705: 12700: 12695: 12690: 12685: 12680: 12675: 12670: 12669: 12668: 12647: 12645: 12638: 12637: 12635: 12634: 12633: 12632: 12627: 12626: 12625: 12620: 12615: 12612: 12602: 12597: 12596: 12595: 12590: 12580: 12579: 12578: 12568: 12567: 12566: 12565: 12564: 12559: 12554: 12553: 12552: 12547: 12542: 12532: 12522: 12521: 12520: 12515: 12510: 12509: 12508: 12482: 12480: 12473: 12472: 12432: 12429: 12428: 12421: 12420: 12413: 12406: 12398: 12389: 12388: 12386: 12385: 12377: 12369: 12360: 12358: 12354: 12353: 12351: 12350: 12348:Gandhi Jayanti 12345: 12340: 12334: 12332: 12328: 12327: 12325: 12324: 12316: 12308: 12300: 12292: 12284: 12276: 12268: 12263:Indian peafowl 12260: 12251: 12249: 12245: 12244: 12235: 12233: 12231: 12230: 12222: 12214: 12209:Jana Gana Mana 12206: 12198: 12190: 12181: 12179: 12178:Constitutional 12175: 12174: 12160: 12159: 12152: 12145: 12137: 12128: 12127: 12125: 12124: 12098: 12097: 12087: 12086: 12064: 12062: 12058: 12057: 12055: 12054: 12049: 12044: 12039: 12037:Gulf of Mannar 12034: 12029: 12024: 12019: 12014: 12008: 12006: 12002: 12001: 11999: 11998: 11993: 11988: 11983: 11981:Red Hills Lake 11978: 11973: 11968: 11963: 11958: 11953: 11948: 11943: 11938: 11933: 11928: 11923: 11917: 11915: 11911: 11910: 11908: 11907: 11902: 11897: 11892: 11887: 11882: 11877: 11872: 11867: 11862: 11857: 11852: 11847: 11842: 11837: 11832: 11827: 11822: 11817: 11812: 11807: 11802: 11797: 11792: 11787: 11782: 11777: 11772: 11767: 11762: 11757: 11752: 11747: 11741: 11739: 11735: 11734: 11726: 11725: 11718: 11711: 11703: 11694: 11693: 11691: 11690: 11685: 11680: 11678:Lakes of India 11674: 11672: 11668: 11667: 11665: 11664: 11659: 11654: 11649: 11644: 11642:Gulf of Mannar 11639: 11634: 11629: 11624: 11618: 11616: 11612: 11611: 11609: 11608: 11603: 11598: 11593: 11588: 11583: 11578: 11573: 11568: 11563: 11558: 11553: 11548: 11543: 11538: 11536:Red Hills Lake 11533: 11528: 11523: 11518: 11513: 11508: 11503: 11498: 11493: 11488: 11483: 11478: 11473: 11468: 11463: 11458: 11453: 11448: 11443: 11438: 11433: 11428: 11423: 11418: 11413: 11408: 11403: 11398: 11393: 11388: 11383: 11378: 11373: 11368: 11363: 11358: 11353: 11348: 11343: 11338: 11333: 11328: 11323: 11318: 11312: 11310: 11306: 11305: 11290: 11289: 11282: 11275: 11267: 11260: 11259: 11242: 11240:from Wikiquote 11225: 11196: 11193: 11192: 11172: 11171: 11166: 11158: 11146: 11140: 11135: 11122:, you may see 11110: 11103: 11102: 11101: 11099: 11098:External links 11096: 11094: 11093: 11089: 11076: 11071:978-0300119169 11070: 11057: 11046: 11032: 11018: 11013:978-0713719680 11012: 10997: 10982:water scarcity 10944: 10939:Main article: 10936: 10933: 10931: 10930: 10893: 10889:978-8170174165 10888: 10873: 10869:978-8120333840 10868: 10855: 10818: 10813:978-0754645276 10812: 10797: 10793:978-0521526630 10792: 10777: 10772:978-0934223782 10771: 10756: 10711: 10706:978-0070657083 10705: 10697:Chindia Rising 10692: 10667: 10638:978-0821353523 10637: 10622: 10585: 10580:978-1901502572 10579: 10564: 10528: 10499: 10495:978-1401908775 10494: 10477: 10472:978-0691004532 10471: 10444: 10440:978-9048131020 10439: 10418: 10414:978-1896209050 10413: 10398: 10394:978-0864426314 10393: 10378: 10365:978-9048166657 10364: 10343: 10339:978-0195649451 10338: 10323: 10307:978-0195338942 10306: 10291: 10287:978-0520064775 10286: 10271: 10254:(5): 794–811. 10236: 10223:978-8172110215 10222: 10209: 10204:978-1402051791 10203: 10180: 10176:978-0708905876 10175: 10160: 10155:978-1851099252 10154: 10133: 10129:978-0520247901 10128: 10115: 10109: 10094: 10089:978-9004092648 10088: 10073: 10069:978-0393323863 10068: 10049: 10044:978-1878379900 10043: 10028: 10024:978-8120814912 10023: 10007: 9991:978-0231114479 9990: 9972: 9935: 9907: 9902:978-1402084027 9901: 9878: 9874:978-8120817579 9873: 9858: 9853:978-8178240169 9852: 9831: 9827:978-0816078264 9826: 9813: 9789:Tectonophysics 9784: 9755: 9739:978-0674391895 9738: 9723: 9719:978-8183820417 9718: 9705: 9700:978-0415404235 9699: 9684: 9679:978-1579580988 9678: 9652: 9636:978-0151005857 9635: 9620: 9616:978-0472068081 9615: 9600: 9571: 9507: 9505: 9502: 9499: 9498: 9448: 9398: 9366: 9353: 9338: 9307: 9284: 9257: 9240:Economic Times 9226: 9195: 9161: 9130: 9100: 9070: 9052: 9022: 9017:978-8180693182 9016: 8995: 8969: 8939: 8925: 8907: 8880: 8852: 8798: 8777: 8744: 8721: 8690: 8679:on 18 May 2009 8664: 8623: 8566: 8545:(2): 201–218. 8525: 8493: 8466: 8405: 8375: 8354: 8328: 8314:978-0965354097 8313: 8283: 8257: 8227: 8200:(1): 251–272. 8163: 8156: 8138: 8105: 8074: 8048: 8011: 7981: 7949: 7916: 7883: 7851: 7786: 7754: 7723: 7711: 7699: 7664: 7649: 7647:, p. 162. 7637: 7630: 7610: 7598: 7596:, p. 163. 7586: 7571: 7557: 7543: 7528: 7496: 7463: 7432: 7400: 7394:978-1901502572 7393: 7370: 7335: 7323: 7304: 7289: 7272: 7260: 7245: 7226: 7209: 7203:, p. 90, 7193: 7181: 7169: 7148: 7127: 7115: 7082: 7062: 7060:, pp. 217 7041: 7026: 7014: 7001: 6986: 6969: 6956: 6933: 6916: 6895: 6870: 6853: 6832: 6820: 6805: 6793: 6772:10.2307/625798 6750: 6724: 6707: 6695: 6663: 6657:978-9712200052 6656: 6632: 6586: 6584:, p. 133. 6571: 6559: 6533: 6507: 6481: 6455: 6429: 6403: 6377: 6351: 6325: 6319:978-1901502817 6318: 6298: 6286: 6243: 6228: 6216: 6214:, p. 210. 6204: 6189: 6172: 6154:978-0877795469 6153: 6130: 6124:978-0120188468 6123: 6103: 6100:on 4 May 2011. 6074: 6062: 6045: 6030: 6011: 5992: 5941: 5912:(2): 110–184. 5892: 5877: 5875:, p. 215. 5865: 5863:, p. 347. 5848: 5846:, p. 341. 5831: 5811: 5796: 5766: 5753:978-1576070420 5752: 5726: 5683: 5658: 5639: 5619: 5601: 5581: 5564:978-1612283685 5563: 5540: 5518: 5495: 5465: 5435: 5409: 5389: 5366: 5346: 5310: 5297:, p. 11, 5277: 5267: 5247: 5231: 5216: 5197: 5170: 5158: 5126: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5117: 5116: 5102: 5096:Dudgeon (2005) 5088: 5074: 5068:Bharati (2006) 5057: 4989: 4974: 4964:Puttick (2008) 4949: 4930: 4913: 4907:Gardner (2003) 4896: 4848: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4802:Mahaweli Ganga 4799: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4747: 4746: 4723: 4702: 4699: 4683: 4680: 4668: 4665: 4627:legal "person" 4609:and allocated 4534:fecal coliform 4487:Main article: 4484: 4481: 4477:climate change 4454: 4451: 4383: 4380: 4211: 4208: 4146:goonch catfish 4138:pangas catfish 4106:golden mahseer 4022:(catfish) and 3987: 3984: 3964:Shorea robusta 3929:climax species 3924:Shorea robusta 3807:golden jackals 3711: 3708: 3697: 3694: 3655: 3652: 3605: 3602: 3571:Lord Dalhousie 3563:James Thomason 3485:Mughal emperor 3437: 3434: 3423: 3420: 3403:ritual bathing 3384:Triveni Sangam 3356:Main article: 3337: 3334: 3159: 3158: 3144: 3137: 3135: 3109: 3102: 3100: 3089: 3082: 3080: 3069: 3062: 3059: 3058: 3057: 3055: 3052: 2896: 2893: 2836: 2833: 2701: 2698: 2583:, the Lord of 2562:Hindu calendar 2536:, painting by 2526: 2520: 2512:Triveni Sangam 2483:Godavari River 2450: 2447: 2439: 2436: 2395: 2392: 2389: 2388: 2383: 2378: 2371: 2362: 2361: 2358: 2357: 2354: 2351: 2346: 2343: 2340: 2337: 2332: 2328: 2327: 2324: 2321: 2316: 2313: 2310: 2307: 2302: 2298: 2297: 2294: 2291: 2286: 2283: 2280: 2277: 2272: 2268: 2267: 2264: 2261: 2256: 2253: 2250: 2247: 2242: 2238: 2237: 2234: 2231: 2226: 2223: 2220: 2217: 2212: 2208: 2207: 2204: 2201: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2182: 2178: 2177: 2174: 2171: 2166: 2163: 2160: 2157: 2152: 2148: 2147: 2144: 2141: 2136: 2133: 2130: 2127: 2122: 2118: 2117: 2114: 2111: 2106: 2103: 2100: 2097: 2092: 2088: 2087: 2084: 2081: 2076: 2073: 2070: 2067: 2062: 2058: 2057: 2054: 2051: 2046: 2043: 2040: 2037: 2032: 2028: 2027: 2024: 2021: 2016: 2013: 2010: 2007: 2002: 1998: 1997: 1994: 1991: 1986: 1983: 1980: 1977: 1972: 1968: 1967: 1964: 1961: 1959:Annual average 1956: 1953: 1950: 1948:Annual average 1944: 1943: 1940: 1937: 1934: 1920: 1917: 1909:Wari-Bateshwar 1877:changed course 1673:drainage basin 1652: 1649: 1645:foreland basin 1622:Eurasian Plate 1604:lies atop the 1597: 1594: 1568:organic carbon 1531:, Kolkata and 1385:Ghaghara River 1358:Triveni Sangam 1221:The Ganges at 1158: 1155: 1139:fecal coliform 939:Gangetic plain 783: 782: 737: 731: 730: 686: 680: 679: 676: 672: 671: 667: 666: 663: 662: 659: 653: 652: 649: 643: 642: 639: 633: 632: 627: 621: 620: 617: 613: 612: 609: 608: 605: 604: 601: 595: 594: 585: 579: 578: 575: 571: 570: 567: 566: 563: 562: 555: 549: 548: 539: 533: 532: 529: 525: 524: 521: 520: 517: 513: 512: 509: 505: 504: 499: 496: 493: 492: 487: 481: 480: 477: 476: 469: 463: 462: 417:Confluence at 415: 411: 410: 407: 406: 402: 401: 353:Dhaka Division 120: 116: 115: 101: 97: 96: 92: 91: 86: 82: 81: 78: 70: 69: 64:The Ganges in 63: 55: 54: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 17545: 17534: 17531: 17529: 17526: 17524: 17521: 17519: 17516: 17514: 17511: 17509: 17506: 17504: 17501: 17499: 17496: 17494: 17491: 17489: 17486: 17484: 17481: 17479: 17478:Sacred rivers 17476: 17474: 17473:Border rivers 17471: 17469: 17466: 17464: 17461: 17459: 17456: 17454: 17451: 17449: 17446: 17445: 17443: 17428: 17425: 17424: 17422: 17418: 17412: 17409: 17407: 17406:Rajendra Setu 17404: 17402: 17399: 17397: 17394: 17392: 17389: 17387: 17384: 17382: 17379: 17377: 17374: 17372: 17369: 17367: 17364: 17363: 17361: 17357: 17351: 17348: 17347: 17345: 17341: 17335: 17332: 17331: 17329: 17325: 17315: 17312: 17310: 17307: 17305: 17302: 17300: 17297: 17295: 17292: 17290: 17287: 17285: 17282: 17280: 17277: 17275: 17272: 17271: 17269: 17265: 17259: 17256: 17254: 17251: 17249: 17246: 17244: 17241: 17239: 17236: 17234: 17231: 17229: 17226: 17224: 17221: 17219: 17216: 17214: 17211: 17209: 17206: 17204: 17201: 17200: 17198: 17194: 17191: 17187: 17183: 17179: 17172: 17167: 17165: 17160: 17158: 17153: 17152: 17149: 17137: 17134: 17132: 17129: 17127: 17124: 17122: 17119: 17117: 17114: 17113: 17111: 17107: 17101: 17098: 17096: 17093: 17092: 17090: 17086: 17080: 17077: 17075: 17072: 17071: 17069: 17065: 17059: 17056: 17054: 17051: 17049: 17046: 17044: 17041: 17039: 17036: 17034: 17031: 17030: 17028: 17024: 17018: 17015: 17013: 17010: 17008: 17005: 17003: 17000: 16998: 16995: 16993: 16990: 16988: 16985: 16984: 16982: 16978: 16968: 16965: 16963: 16960: 16958: 16955: 16953: 16950: 16948: 16945: 16943: 16940: 16938: 16935: 16933: 16930: 16928: 16925: 16923: 16920: 16918: 16915: 16913: 16910: 16909: 16907: 16905:South flowing 16903: 16897: 16896:Tamsa or Tons 16894: 16892: 16889: 16887: 16884: 16882: 16879: 16877: 16874: 16872: 16869: 16867: 16864: 16862: 16859: 16857: 16854: 16852: 16849: 16847: 16844: 16843: 16841: 16839:North flowing 16837: 16831: 16828: 16825: 16822: 16820: 16817: 16816: 16814: 16810: 16807: 16803: 16799: 16798:Uttar Pradesh 16795: 16788: 16783: 16781: 16776: 16774: 16769: 16768: 16765: 16753: 16750: 16748: 16745: 16743: 16740: 16738: 16735: 16733: 16730: 16728: 16725: 16724: 16722: 16718: 16712: 16709: 16707: 16704: 16703: 16701: 16697: 16691: 16688: 16686: 16683: 16681: 16678: 16676: 16673: 16672: 16670: 16666: 16660: 16657: 16655: 16652: 16650: 16647: 16645: 16642: 16640: 16637: 16635: 16632: 16630: 16627: 16625: 16622: 16620: 16617: 16615: 16612: 16610: 16607: 16605: 16602: 16601: 16599: 16595: 16589: 16586: 16584: 16581: 16579: 16576: 16574: 16571: 16570: 16568: 16564: 16558: 16555: 16553: 16550: 16548: 16545: 16543: 16540: 16538: 16535: 16533: 16530: 16528: 16525: 16523: 16520: 16518: 16515: 16513: 16510: 16508: 16505: 16503: 16500: 16499: 16497: 16493: 16487: 16484: 16482: 16479: 16477: 16474: 16472: 16469: 16467: 16464: 16462: 16459: 16457: 16454: 16452: 16449: 16447: 16444: 16442: 16439: 16437: 16434: 16432: 16429: 16427: 16424: 16422: 16419: 16417: 16414: 16413: 16411: 16409: 16405: 16399: 16396: 16394: 16391: 16389: 16386: 16384: 16381: 16379: 16376: 16373: 16370: 16368: 16365: 16363: 16360: 16358: 16355: 16353: 16350: 16348: 16345: 16343: 16340: 16338: 16335: 16333: 16330: 16328: 16325: 16323: 16320: 16318: 16317:Lakshmanganga 16315: 16313: 16310: 16308: 16305: 16303: 16300: 16298: 16295: 16293: 16290: 16288: 16285: 16283: 16280: 16278: 16275: 16273: 16270: 16268: 16265: 16263: 16260: 16258: 16255: 16253: 16250: 16248: 16245: 16244: 16242: 16238: 16234: 16230: 16223: 16218: 16216: 16211: 16209: 16204: 16203: 16200: 16188: 16184: 16180: 16179: 16176: 16170: 16167: 16165: 16162: 16160: 16157: 16155: 16152: 16150: 16147: 16145: 16142: 16140: 16137: 16135: 16132: 16130: 16127: 16125: 16122: 16118: 16115: 16113: 16110: 16109: 16108: 16105: 16104: 16101: 16097: 16090: 16085: 16083: 16078: 16076: 16071: 16070: 16067: 16055: 16052: 16050: 16047: 16046: 16041: 16037: 16034: 16030: 16029: 16025: 16011: 16008: 16006: 16003: 16001: 15998: 15996: 15993: 15991: 15988: 15986: 15983: 15981: 15978: 15976: 15973: 15971: 15968: 15966: 15963: 15961: 15958: 15956: 15953: 15951: 15948: 15946: 15943: 15941: 15938: 15936: 15933: 15931: 15928: 15926: 15923: 15922: 15920: 15918: 15914: 15908: 15905: 15903: 15900: 15898: 15895: 15893: 15890: 15888: 15885: 15883: 15880: 15878: 15875: 15873: 15870: 15868: 15865: 15863: 15860: 15858: 15855: 15853: 15850: 15848: 15845: 15843: 15842:Bengalization 15840: 15838: 15835: 15833: 15830: 15828: 15825: 15823: 15820: 15819: 15817: 15815: 15811: 15805: 15802: 15800: 15797: 15795: 15792: 15790: 15787: 15783: 15780: 15778: 15775: 15774: 15773: 15770: 15766: 15763: 15761: 15758: 15756: 15753: 15752: 15751: 15748: 15744: 15741: 15739: 15736: 15735: 15734: 15731: 15729: 15728:Ethnic groups 15726: 15725: 15723: 15721: 15717: 15713: 15710: 15708: 15704: 15692: 15689: 15687: 15684: 15682: 15679: 15677: 15674: 15672: 15669: 15668: 15667: 15665: 15661: 15657: 15654: 15652: 15649: 15647: 15644: 15642: 15639: 15638: 15637: 15634: 15632: 15629: 15627: 15624: 15622: 15619: 15615: 15612: 15610: 15607: 15605: 15602: 15601: 15600: 15598: 15594: 15592: 15589: 15585: 15582: 15580: 15577: 15575: 15572: 15570: 15567: 15565: 15564:Energy policy 15562: 15561: 15560: 15557: 15553: 15550: 15548: 15545: 15543: 15540: 15539: 15538: 15535: 15531: 15528: 15526: 15520: 15518: 15512: 15510: 15507: 15506: 15505: 15502: 15498: 15495: 15493: 15490: 15488: 15485: 15483: 15480: 15478: 15475: 15473: 15470: 15468: 15465: 15463: 15460: 15458: 15455: 15454: 15453: 15450: 15448: 15445: 15444: 15441: 15438: 15436: 15432: 15416: 15413: 15411: 15408: 15406: 15403: 15401: 15398: 15396: 15393: 15391: 15388: 15387: 15385: 15382: 15378: 15375: 15373: 15370: 15368: 15365: 15363: 15360: 15359: 15357: 15354: 15353: 15350: 15347: 15345: 15342: 15338: 15335: 15333: 15330: 15328: 15325: 15323: 15320: 15319: 15317: 15314: 15310: 15307: 15305: 15302: 15300: 15297: 15296: 15294: 15291: 15290: 15288: 15286: 15282: 15278: 15270: 15267: 15265: 15262: 15260: 15257: 15255: 15252: 15251: 15249: 15246: 15242: 15239: 15237: 15236:Chief Justice 15234: 15232: 15229: 15227: 15224: 15222: 15221:Supreme Court 15219: 15217: 15214: 15213: 15211: 15208: 15204: 15201: 15199: 15196: 15194: 15191: 15189: 15186: 15185: 15184: 15182: 15178: 15174: 15171: 15169: 15166: 15165: 15164: 15159: 15155: 15153: 15150: 15148: 15145: 15143: 15140: 15136: 15133: 15131: 15128: 15126: 15123: 15122: 15120: 15117: 15113: 15110: 15106: 15103: 15102: 15101: 15098: 15094: 15091: 15090: 15089: 15086: 15085: 15084: 15081: 15080: 15078: 15076: 15072: 15068: 15065: 15063: 15059: 15047: 15044: 15042: 15039: 15037: 15034: 15032: 15029: 15027: 15024: 15022: 15019: 15017: 15014: 15012: 15009: 15007: 15006:Bay of Bengal 15004: 15003: 15002: 14999: 14995: 14992: 14990: 14987: 14985: 14982: 14980: 14977: 14975: 14972: 14971: 14970: 14967: 14965: 14962: 14958: 14955: 14953: 14952:Sub-districts 14950: 14948: 14945: 14943: 14940: 14939: 14938: 14935: 14934: 14931: 14928: 14926: 14922: 14908: 14905: 14903: 14900: 14898: 14895: 14893: 14890: 14888: 14885: 14883: 14880: 14879: 14877: 14875: 14871: 14865: 14862: 14860: 14857: 14855: 14852: 14850: 14847: 14845: 14844:1990 Uprising 14842: 14838: 14835: 14833: 14830: 14828: 14825: 14824: 14823: 14820: 14818: 14815: 14814: 14812: 14810: 14806: 14798: 14795: 14793: 14790: 14788: 14785: 14783: 14780: 14779: 14778: 14776: 14772: 14768: 14765: 14763: 14760: 14758: 14757:1969 Uprising 14755: 14753: 14750: 14748: 14745: 14743: 14740: 14739: 14738: 14736: 14735:East Pakistan 14732: 14728: 14725: 14723: 14720: 14718: 14715: 14713: 14710: 14708: 14705: 14703: 14700: 14698: 14695: 14693: 14690: 14688: 14685: 14684: 14683: 14680: 14678: 14675: 14674: 14672: 14669: 14665: 14657: 14654: 14652: 14649: 14647: 14644: 14643: 14642: 14639: 14637: 14634: 14632: 14629: 14625: 14622: 14620: 14617: 14615: 14612: 14610: 14607: 14606: 14605: 14602: 14598: 14595: 14593: 14590: 14588: 14585: 14584: 14583: 14580: 14576: 14575:Gauda Kingdom 14573: 14572: 14571: 14568: 14567: 14565: 14561: 14555: 14552: 14550: 14549:Kanva dynasty 14547: 14545: 14544:Shunga Empire 14542: 14540: 14539:Maurya Empire 14537: 14535: 14532: 14530: 14527: 14525: 14522: 14520: 14517: 14515: 14512: 14510: 14509:Suhma kingdom 14507: 14505: 14502: 14500: 14497: 14495: 14492: 14490: 14487: 14486: 14484: 14480: 14476: 14470: 14467: 14465: 14462: 14460: 14457: 14453: 14450: 14448: 14445: 14443: 14440: 14438: 14435: 14433: 14430: 14429: 14428: 14426: 14422: 14420: 14417: 14415: 14412: 14411: 14408: 14405: 14403: 14399: 14395: 14391: 14384: 14379: 14377: 14372: 14370: 14365: 14364: 14361: 14349: 14346: 14344: 14341: 14339: 14336: 14334: 14331: 14329: 14328:Ghaggar-Hakra 14326: 14325: 14323: 14319: 14313: 14310: 14308: 14305: 14303: 14300: 14298: 14295: 14293: 14290: 14288: 14285: 14283: 14280: 14278: 14275: 14272: 14269: 14265: 14262: 14260: 14257: 14256: 14255: 14252: 14250: 14247: 14245: 14242: 14240: 14237: 14235: 14232: 14230: 14227: 14225: 14222: 14220: 14217: 14215: 14212: 14210: 14207: 14205: 14202: 14200: 14197: 14195: 14192: 14190: 14187: 14185: 14182: 14180: 14177: 14175: 14172: 14170: 14167: 14165: 14162: 14160: 14157: 14155: 14152: 14150: 14147: 14145: 14142: 14140: 14137: 14135: 14132: 14130: 14127: 14125: 14124:Vasishta Nadi 14122: 14120: 14117: 14115: 14112: 14110: 14107: 14105: 14102: 14100: 14099:Thamirabarani 14097: 14095: 14092: 14090: 14087: 14085: 14082: 14080: 14077: 14075: 14072: 14070: 14067: 14065: 14062: 14060: 14057: 14055: 14052: 14050: 14047: 14045: 14042: 14040: 14037: 14035: 14032: 14030: 14027: 14025: 14022: 14020: 14017: 14015: 14012: 14010: 14007: 14005: 14002: 14000: 13997: 13995: 13992: 13990: 13987: 13985: 13982: 13978: 13975: 13972: 13969: 13967: 13964: 13962: 13959: 13957: 13954: 13953: 13952: 13949: 13945: 13942: 13941: 13940: 13937: 13936: 13934: 13930: 13920: 13917: 13915: 13912: 13911: 13910: 13907: 13903: 13900: 13899: 13898: 13895: 13889: 13886: 13885: 13883: 13880: 13879: 13878: 13875: 13873: 13870: 13867: 13863: 13861: 13858: 13856: 13853: 13851: 13848: 13846: 13843: 13841: 13837: 13834: 13833: 13831: 13828: 13827: 13825: 13821: 13813: 13810: 13808: 13805: 13803: 13800: 13799: 13798: 13795: 13794: 13792: 13789: 13785: 13775: 13772: 13771: 13770: 13769: 13768: 13765: 13764: 13762: 13759: 13755: 13746: 13743: 13740: 13737: 13734: 13731: 13728: 13726: 13723: 13721: 13718: 13715: 13713: 13710: 13708: 13705: 13702: 13700: 13697: 13696: 13695: 13692: 13691: 13689: 13686: 13682: 13674: 13671: 13667: 13664: 13662: 13659: 13657: 13654: 13652: 13649: 13647: 13644: 13643: 13642: 13639: 13637: 13634: 13630: 13627: 13626: 13625: 13622: 13620: 13617: 13613: 13610: 13609: 13608: 13605: 13603: 13600: 13598: 13595: 13594: 13593: 13590: 13589: 13587: 13584: 13580: 13572: 13569: 13567: 13564: 13562: 13559: 13557: 13554: 13552: 13549: 13547: 13544: 13540: 13537: 13535: 13532: 13531: 13530: 13527: 13525: 13522: 13519: 13516: 13515: 13513: 13510: 13509: 13507: 13504: 13500: 13494: 13491: 13490: 13488: 13485: 13481: 13473: 13470: 13468: 13465: 13463: 13460: 13458: 13455: 13453: 13450: 13448: 13445: 13441: 13438: 13436: 13433: 13431: 13428: 13426: 13423: 13419: 13416: 13415: 13414: 13411: 13409: 13406: 13404: 13401: 13399: 13396: 13394: 13391: 13389: 13386: 13384: 13381: 13379: 13376: 13372: 13369: 13367: 13364: 13363: 13362: 13359: 13357: 13354: 13352: 13349: 13348: 13347: 13344: 13337: 13334: 13331: 13330: 13329: 13326: 13324: 13321: 13319: 13316: 13315: 13314: 13311: 13309: 13306: 13304: 13301: 13299: 13296: 13294: 13291: 13289: 13286: 13284: 13281: 13279: 13276: 13274: 13271: 13269: 13266: 13264: 13261: 13260: 13259: 13256: 13255: 13253: 13250: 13246: 13238: 13235: 13233: 13230: 13228: 13225: 13223: 13220: 13219: 13217: 13213: 13210: 13208: 13205: 13203: 13200: 13198: 13195: 13191: 13188: 13187: 13186: 13183: 13179: 13176: 13172: 13169: 13168: 13167: 13164: 13158: 13155: 13151: 13148: 13147: 13146: 13143: 13141: 13138: 13137: 13136: 13133: 13132: 13131: 13128: 13127: 13126: 13123: 13121: 13118: 13117: 13116: 13115: 13113: 13110: 13106: 13096: 13093: 13091: 13088: 13087: 13086: 13083: 13077: 13074: 13073: 13072: 13069: 13067: 13064: 13062: 13059: 13057: 13054: 13053: 13052: 13049: 13045: 13042: 13040: 13037: 13036: 13035: 13032: 13026: 13023: 13022: 13021: 13018: 13014: 13011: 13009: 13006: 13002: 12999: 12998: 12997: 12994: 12990: 12987: 12985: 12982: 12978: 12975: 12974: 12973: 12970: 12968: 12965: 12964: 12963: 12960: 12958: 12955: 12954: 12953: 12950: 12946: 12943: 12942: 12941: 12938: 12936: 12933: 12929: 12926: 12925: 12924: 12921: 12917: 12914: 12912: 12909: 12907: 12904: 12903: 12902: 12899: 12897: 12894: 12892: 12889: 12888: 12887: 12884: 12880: 12877: 12875: 12872: 12871: 12870: 12867: 12861: 12858: 12856: 12853: 12851: 12848: 12846: 12843: 12842: 12841: 12838: 12834: 12831: 12830: 12829: 12826: 12825: 12824: 12821: 12817: 12814: 12812: 12809: 12805: 12802: 12800: 12797: 12796: 12795: 12792: 12790: 12787: 12783: 12780: 12779: 12778: 12775: 12774: 12773: 12770: 12768: 12765: 12761: 12758: 12757: 12756: 12753: 12751: 12748: 12746: 12743: 12741: 12738: 12736: 12733: 12731: 12728: 12726: 12723: 12721: 12718: 12714: 12711: 12709: 12706: 12704: 12701: 12699: 12696: 12694: 12691: 12689: 12686: 12684: 12681: 12679: 12676: 12674: 12671: 12667: 12664: 12663: 12662: 12659: 12658: 12657: 12654: 12653: 12652: 12649: 12648: 12646: 12643: 12639: 12631: 12628: 12624: 12621: 12619: 12616: 12613: 12611: 12608: 12607: 12606: 12603: 12601: 12598: 12594: 12591: 12589: 12586: 12585: 12584: 12581: 12577: 12574: 12573: 12572: 12569: 12563: 12560: 12558: 12555: 12551: 12548: 12546: 12543: 12541: 12538: 12537: 12536: 12533: 12531: 12528: 12527: 12526: 12523: 12519: 12516: 12514: 12511: 12507: 12504: 12503: 12502: 12499: 12498: 12497: 12494: 12493: 12492: 12489: 12488: 12487: 12484: 12483: 12481: 12478: 12474: 12470: 12466: 12462: 12458: 12454: 12450: 12446: 12442: 12438: 12437: 12430: 12426: 12419: 12414: 12412: 12407: 12405: 12400: 12399: 12396: 12381: 12378: 12373: 12370: 12365: 12362: 12361: 12359: 12355: 12349: 12346: 12344: 12341: 12339: 12336: 12335: 12333: 12329: 12320: 12317: 12312: 12309: 12304: 12301: 12296: 12293: 12288: 12285: 12280: 12277: 12272: 12269: 12264: 12261: 12256: 12253: 12252: 12250: 12246: 12239: 12226: 12223: 12218: 12217:Vande Mataram 12215: 12210: 12207: 12202: 12199: 12194: 12191: 12186: 12185:Flag of India 12183: 12182: 12180: 12176: 12172: 12167: 12158: 12153: 12151: 12146: 12144: 12139: 12138: 12135: 12123: 12119: 12115: 12111: 12107: 12103: 12100: 12099: 12096: 12092: 12089: 12088: 12085: 12081: 12077: 12073: 12069: 12066: 12065: 12063: 12059: 12053: 12050: 12048: 12045: 12043: 12042:Laccadive Sea 12040: 12038: 12035: 12033: 12030: 12028: 12027:Gulf of Kutch 12025: 12023: 12022:Bay of Bengal 12020: 12018: 12015: 12013: 12010: 12009: 12007: 12003: 11997: 11994: 11992: 11989: 11987: 11984: 11982: 11979: 11977: 11974: 11972: 11969: 11967: 11964: 11962: 11959: 11957: 11954: 11952: 11949: 11947: 11946:Skeleton Lake 11944: 11942: 11939: 11937: 11934: 11932: 11929: 11927: 11924: 11922: 11919: 11918: 11916: 11912: 11906: 11903: 11901: 11898: 11896: 11893: 11891: 11888: 11886: 11883: 11881: 11878: 11876: 11873: 11871: 11868: 11866: 11863: 11861: 11858: 11856: 11853: 11851: 11848: 11846: 11843: 11841: 11838: 11836: 11833: 11831: 11828: 11826: 11823: 11821: 11818: 11816: 11813: 11811: 11808: 11806: 11803: 11801: 11798: 11796: 11793: 11791: 11788: 11786: 11783: 11781: 11778: 11776: 11773: 11771: 11768: 11766: 11763: 11761: 11758: 11756: 11753: 11751: 11748: 11746: 11743: 11742: 11740: 11738:Inland rivers 11736: 11732: 11724: 11719: 11717: 11712: 11710: 11705: 11704: 11701: 11689: 11686: 11684: 11681: 11679: 11676: 11675: 11673: 11669: 11663: 11660: 11658: 11655: 11653: 11652:Laccadive Sea 11650: 11648: 11645: 11643: 11640: 11638: 11637:Gulf of Kutch 11635: 11633: 11630: 11628: 11627:Bay of Bengal 11625: 11623: 11620: 11619: 11617: 11613: 11607: 11604: 11602: 11599: 11597: 11594: 11592: 11589: 11587: 11584: 11582: 11579: 11577: 11574: 11572: 11569: 11567: 11564: 11562: 11559: 11557: 11554: 11552: 11549: 11547: 11544: 11542: 11539: 11537: 11534: 11532: 11529: 11527: 11524: 11522: 11519: 11517: 11514: 11512: 11509: 11507: 11504: 11502: 11499: 11497: 11494: 11492: 11489: 11487: 11484: 11482: 11479: 11477: 11474: 11472: 11469: 11467: 11464: 11462: 11459: 11457: 11454: 11452: 11449: 11447: 11444: 11442: 11439: 11437: 11434: 11432: 11429: 11427: 11424: 11422: 11419: 11417: 11414: 11412: 11409: 11407: 11404: 11402: 11399: 11397: 11394: 11392: 11389: 11387: 11384: 11382: 11379: 11377: 11374: 11372: 11369: 11367: 11364: 11362: 11359: 11357: 11354: 11352: 11349: 11347: 11344: 11342: 11339: 11337: 11334: 11332: 11329: 11327: 11324: 11322: 11319: 11317: 11314: 11313: 11311: 11307: 11303: 11297: 11288: 11283: 11281: 11276: 11274: 11269: 11268: 11265: 11257:from Wikidata 11256: 11255: 11243: 11239: 11238: 11226: 11222: 11221: 11209: 11208: 11205: 11199: 11191: 11181: 11180: 11177: 11170: 11167: 11164: 11163: 11159: 11156: 11152: 11151: 11147: 11144: 11141: 11139: 11136: 11134: 11131: 11130: 11125: 11121: 11117: 11115: 11090: 11086: 11082: 11077: 11073: 11067: 11063: 11058: 11054: 11053: 11047: 11043: 11042: 11037: 11033: 11029: 11028: 11023: 11019: 11015: 11009: 11005: 11004: 10998: 10995: 10991: 10987: 10983: 10979: 10975: 10974: 10969: 10965: 10961: 10957: 10953: 10949: 10946: 10945: 10942: 10927: 10923: 10919: 10915: 10911: 10907: 10904:(3): 416–45. 10903: 10899: 10894: 10891: 10885: 10881: 10880: 10874: 10871: 10865: 10861: 10856: 10852: 10848: 10844: 10840: 10836: 10832: 10829:(4): 408–36. 10828: 10824: 10819: 10815: 10809: 10805: 10804: 10798: 10795: 10789: 10785: 10784: 10778: 10774: 10768: 10764: 10763: 10757: 10753: 10749: 10745: 10741: 10737: 10733: 10729: 10725: 10721: 10717: 10712: 10708: 10702: 10698: 10693: 10689: 10685: 10682:(4): 255–62. 10681: 10677: 10673: 10668: 10653: 10646: 10640: 10634: 10630: 10629: 10623: 10619: 10615: 10611: 10607: 10603: 10599: 10595: 10591: 10586: 10582: 10576: 10572: 10571: 10565: 10562: 10558: 10554: 10550: 10546: 10542: 10539:(1): 159–73, 10538: 10534: 10529: 10525: 10521: 10517: 10514:(2): 168–90, 10513: 10509: 10505: 10500: 10497: 10491: 10487: 10483: 10482:Emoto, Masaru 10478: 10474: 10468: 10463: 10462: 10455: 10453: 10445: 10442: 10436: 10432: 10428: 10426: 10419: 10416: 10410: 10406: 10405: 10399: 10396: 10390: 10386: 10385: 10379: 10375: 10371: 10367: 10361: 10357: 10353: 10349: 10344: 10341: 10335: 10331: 10330: 10324: 10313: 10309: 10303: 10299: 10298: 10292: 10289: 10283: 10279: 10278: 10272: 10257: 10253: 10249: 10242: 10237: 10233: 10229: 10225: 10219: 10215: 10210: 10206: 10200: 10196: 10192: 10188: 10187: 10181: 10178: 10172: 10168: 10167: 10161: 10157: 10151: 10147: 10143: 10141: 10134: 10131: 10125: 10121: 10116: 10112: 10106: 10102: 10101: 10095: 10091: 10085: 10081: 10080: 10074: 10071: 10065: 10061: 10056: 10050: 10046: 10040: 10036: 10035: 10029: 10026: 10020: 10016: 10012: 10008: 9997: 9993: 9987: 9983: 9982: 9977: 9976:Eck, Diana L. 9973: 9966: 9961: 9956: 9952: 9948: 9941: 9936: 9925: 9921: 9917: 9913: 9908: 9904: 9898: 9894: 9890: 9886: 9885: 9879: 9876: 9870: 9866: 9865: 9859: 9855: 9849: 9845: 9841: 9839: 9832: 9829: 9823: 9819: 9814: 9810: 9806: 9802: 9798: 9794: 9790: 9785: 9781: 9777: 9773: 9769: 9765: 9761: 9756: 9745: 9741: 9735: 9731: 9730: 9724: 9721: 9715: 9711: 9706: 9702: 9696: 9692: 9691: 9685: 9681: 9675: 9671: 9667: 9663: 9662: 9657: 9653: 9642: 9638: 9632: 9628: 9627: 9621: 9618: 9612: 9608: 9607: 9601: 9597: 9593: 9589: 9585: 9581: 9577: 9572: 9557: 9553: 9549: 9544: 9539: 9534: 9529: 9525: 9521: 9514: 9509: 9508: 9486: 9482: 9481: 9465: 9461: 9460: 9452: 9436: 9432: 9431: 9415: 9411: 9410: 9402: 9386: 9382: 9381: 9376: 9370: 9363: 9357: 9350: 9349: 9342: 9326: 9322: 9318: 9311: 9305: 9301: 9298: 9294: 9293:Anirban Ghosh 9288: 9272: 9268: 9261: 9245: 9241: 9237: 9230: 9214: 9210: 9206: 9199: 9183: 9179: 9175: 9168: 9166: 9149: 9145: 9141: 9134: 9118: 9114: 9110: 9104: 9088: 9084: 9080: 9074: 9067: 9066: 9065:The Telegraph 9061: 9056: 9040: 9036: 9032: 9026: 9019: 9013: 9009: 9002: 9000: 8983: 8979: 8973: 8957: 8953: 8949: 8943: 8935: 8929: 8921: 8917: 8911: 8903: 8899: 8898: 8893: 8887: 8885: 8877: 8876: 8875:The Economist 8871: 8867: 8864: 8859: 8857: 8841: 8837: 8833: 8829: 8825: 8821: 8817: 8813: 8809: 8802: 8787: 8781: 8765: 8761: 8760: 8755: 8748: 8741: 8736: 8734: 8732: 8730: 8728: 8726: 8709: 8705: 8701: 8694: 8678: 8674: 8668: 8660: 8656: 8651: 8646: 8642: 8638: 8634: 8627: 8611: 8607: 8603: 8599: 8595: 8591: 8587: 8583: 8582: 8577: 8570: 8561: 8556: 8552: 8548: 8544: 8540: 8536: 8529: 8510: 8503: 8497: 8481: 8477: 8470: 8462: 8458: 8453: 8448: 8443: 8438: 8434: 8430: 8427:(1): e83623. 8426: 8422: 8421: 8416: 8409: 8393: 8389: 8388:wwf.panda.org 8385: 8379: 8364: 8358: 8342: 8338: 8332: 8324: 8320: 8316: 8310: 8306: 8302: 8298: 8290: 8288: 8271: 8267: 8261: 8245: 8241: 8237: 8231: 8223: 8219: 8215: 8211: 8207: 8203: 8199: 8195: 8188: 8186: 8184: 8182: 8180: 8178: 8176: 8174: 8172: 8170: 8168: 8159: 8153: 8149: 8142: 8126: 8122: 8116: 8114: 8112: 8110: 8093: 8089: 8085: 8078: 8062: 8058: 8052: 8036: 8032: 8026: 8024: 8022: 8020: 8018: 8016: 7999: 7995: 7991: 7985: 7969: 7965: 7964: 7959: 7953: 7937: 7933: 7932: 7931:The Telegraph 7927: 7920: 7904: 7900: 7899: 7898:The Telegraph 7894: 7887: 7868: 7861: 7855: 7836: 7832: 7828: 7824: 7820: 7816: 7812: 7808: 7804: 7797: 7790: 7771: 7764: 7758: 7742: 7738: 7737:New Scientist 7734: 7727: 7720: 7715: 7708: 7703: 7695: 7691: 7687: 7683: 7680:(8): 918–34. 7679: 7675: 7668: 7661: 7656: 7654: 7646: 7641: 7633: 7631:9788174824080 7627: 7623: 7622: 7614: 7607: 7602: 7595: 7590: 7583: 7578: 7576: 7567: 7561: 7553: 7547: 7540: 7535: 7533: 7516: 7512: 7511: 7506: 7500: 7484: 7480: 7479: 7474: 7467: 7451: 7447: 7443: 7436: 7420: 7416: 7415: 7410: 7404: 7396: 7390: 7386: 7385: 7377: 7375: 7355: 7351: 7350: 7345: 7339: 7332: 7327: 7321:, p. 130 7320: 7315: 7313: 7311: 7309: 7302:, p. 126 7301: 7296: 7294: 7287:, p. 125 7286: 7281: 7279: 7277: 7269: 7264: 7258:, p. 118 7257: 7252: 7250: 7243:, p. 114 7242: 7237: 7235: 7233: 7231: 7223: 7218: 7216: 7214: 7206: 7202: 7197: 7190: 7185: 7179:, p. 100 7178: 7173: 7167:, p. 149 7166: 7161: 7159: 7157: 7155: 7153: 7146:, p. 147 7145: 7140: 7138: 7136: 7134: 7132: 7125:, p. 146 7124: 7119: 7113:, p. 219 7112: 7107: 7105: 7103: 7101: 7099: 7097: 7095: 7093: 7091: 7089: 7087: 7080:, p. 218 7079: 7073: 7071: 7069: 7067: 7059: 7054: 7052: 7050: 7048: 7046: 7038: 7033: 7031: 7024:, p. 216 7023: 7018: 7012:, p. 216 7011: 7005: 6998: 6993: 6991: 6984:, p. 215 6983: 6978: 6976: 6974: 6966: 6960: 6953: 6948: 6946: 6944: 6942: 6940: 6938: 6931:, p. 145 6930: 6925: 6923: 6921: 6913: 6908: 6906: 6904: 6902: 6900: 6893:, p. 144 6892: 6887: 6885: 6883: 6881: 6879: 6877: 6875: 6867: 6862: 6860: 6858: 6851:, p. 214 6850: 6845: 6843: 6841: 6839: 6837: 6829: 6824: 6818:, p. 212 6817: 6812: 6810: 6802: 6797: 6789: 6785: 6781: 6777: 6773: 6769: 6766:(2): 93–101. 6765: 6761: 6754: 6738: 6734: 6728: 6720: 6719: 6711: 6704: 6699: 6683: 6679: 6678: 6673: 6667: 6659: 6653: 6649: 6645: 6644: 6636: 6621: 6617: 6613: 6609: 6605: 6601: 6600:Geomorphology 6597: 6590: 6583: 6578: 6576: 6569:, p. 10. 6568: 6563: 6547: 6543: 6537: 6521: 6517: 6511: 6495: 6491: 6485: 6469: 6465: 6459: 6443: 6439: 6433: 6417: 6413: 6407: 6391: 6387: 6381: 6365: 6361: 6355: 6339: 6335: 6329: 6321: 6315: 6311: 6310: 6302: 6296:, p. 61. 6295: 6290: 6282: 6278: 6274: 6270: 6266: 6262: 6258: 6254: 6247: 6240: 6235: 6233: 6225: 6220: 6213: 6208: 6201: 6196: 6194: 6186: 6181: 6179: 6177: 6160: 6156: 6150: 6146: 6145: 6137: 6135: 6126: 6120: 6116: 6115: 6107: 6096: 6092: 6085: 6078: 6071: 6066: 6059: 6054: 6052: 6050: 6042: 6037: 6035: 6027: 6022: 6020: 6018: 6016: 6008: 6003: 6001: 5999: 5997: 5988: 5984: 5980: 5976: 5972: 5968: 5964: 5960: 5956: 5952: 5945: 5937: 5933: 5928: 5923: 5919: 5915: 5911: 5907: 5903: 5896: 5889: 5884: 5882: 5874: 5869: 5862: 5857: 5855: 5853: 5845: 5840: 5838: 5836: 5828: 5824: 5820: 5815: 5809:, p. 19. 5808: 5803: 5801: 5784: 5780: 5776: 5770: 5755: 5749: 5745: 5740: 5739: 5730: 5714: 5710: 5709: 5704: 5698: 5696: 5694: 5692: 5690: 5688: 5680: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5667: 5665: 5663: 5646: 5642: 5636: 5632: 5631: 5623: 5608: 5604: 5598: 5594: 5593: 5585: 5570: 5566: 5560: 5556: 5555: 5547: 5545: 5529: 5525: 5521: 5515: 5511: 5510: 5502: 5500: 5483: 5479: 5475: 5469: 5453: 5449: 5445: 5439: 5423: 5419: 5413: 5406: 5402: 5398: 5393: 5386: 5373: 5369: 5367:9781135768836 5363: 5359: 5358: 5350: 5343: 5336: 5329: 5328: 5320: 5314: 5307: 5300: 5296: 5289: 5288: 5281: 5274: 5270: 5268:9781135768836 5264: 5260: 5259: 5251: 5244: 5240: 5235: 5228: 5223: 5221: 5204: 5200: 5198:9780313380075 5194: 5190: 5189: 5181: 5179: 5177: 5175: 5167: 5162: 5147: 5143: 5142: 5134: 5132: 5127: 5111: 5110:Tiwari (2008) 5106: 5097: 5092: 5083: 5078: 5069: 5064: 5062: 5041: 5034: 5019: 5015: 5008: 5007:New Scientist 5004: 4999: 4998:New Scientist 4993: 4983: 4978: 4965: 4960: 4958: 4956: 4954: 4944: 4939: 4937: 4935: 4925: 4920: 4918: 4908: 4903: 4901: 4866: 4861: 4856: 4854: 4849: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4822:Sacred waters 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4754: 4744: 4740: 4736: 4732: 4728: 4724: 4721: 4717: 4713: 4709: 4705: 4704: 4698: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4678: 4673: 4664: 4660: 4658: 4653: 4651: 4647: 4643: 4639: 4635: 4630: 4628: 4624: 4619: 4616: 4608: 4603: 4601: 4596: 4592: 4587: 4585: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4569: 4564: 4560: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4541: 4539: 4535: 4529: 4527: 4523: 4513: 4506: 4502: 4501: 4495: 4490: 4480: 4478: 4474: 4471:In 2007, the 4468: 4463: 4460: 4450: 4448: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4432: 4431:Yangtze River 4428: 4424: 4420: 4415: 4413: 4407: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4388: 4379: 4377: 4373: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4357: 4353: 4352:Chitra indica 4349: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4305: 4301: 4297: 4293: 4289: 4285: 4281: 4277: 4273: 4269: 4265: 4264:Batagur baska 4261: 4257: 4253: 4249: 4245: 4241: 4237: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4216: 4207: 4205: 4201: 4197: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4177: 4175: 4174:Chanos chanos 4171: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4095: 4090: 4085: 4083: 4079: 4075: 4071: 4070: 4065: 4064: 4059: 4058: 4053: 4052: 4047: 4046: 4041: 4037: 4032: 4027: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4016:Cypriniformes 4013: 4009: 4001: 3997: 3992: 3983: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3956: 3951: 3950: 3945: 3944: 3939: 3938: 3932: 3930: 3926: 3925: 3920: 3914: 3912: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3867: 3862: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3803:Indian wolves 3800: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3747:Bengal tigers 3744: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3728: 3720: 3716: 3707: 3704: 3703:river rafting 3693: 3691: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3669: 3660: 3651: 3649: 3645: 3644:hydroelectric 3641: 3637: 3633: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3620: 3616: 3611: 3600: 3598: 3594: 3588: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3572: 3568: 3567:British India 3564: 3560: 3556: 3555:Lord Hardinge 3552: 3547: 3545: 3541: 3540:Lord Auckland 3537: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3506:(now Kanpur). 3505: 3501: 3496: 3492: 3489: 3486: 3481: 3477: 3476:Maurya Empire 3473: 3469: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3447: 3446:Samuel Bourne 3442: 3433: 3430: 3429:hydroelectric 3419: 3417: 3415: 3414: 3413:naga sanyasis 3409: 3404: 3399: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3359: 3351: 3347: 3342: 3332: 3327: 3322: 3315: 3313: 3307: 3304: 3303: 3296: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3261: 3256: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3232: 3227: 3222: 3220: 3219: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3197: 3193: 3192: 3187: 3182: 3180: 3179: 3174: 3173: 3168: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3141: 3136: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3120: 3115: 3114: 3106: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3086: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3066: 3061: 3060: 3051: 3049: 3045: 3040: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3029: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3010: 3002: 3000: 2999: 2998:Skanda Purana 2994: 2990: 2986: 2981: 2980: 2976:Ganga is the 2974: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2891: 2877: 2875: 2870: 2867: 2862: 2858: 2853: 2846: 2841: 2832: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2817:Skanda Purana 2814: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2800: 2794: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2783: 2776: 2764: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2753: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2721:, (Sanskrit: 2720: 2716: 2706: 2697: 2695: 2690: 2689:Mount Kailash 2686: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2669: 2664: 2663: 2658: 2654: 2649: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2602: 2600: 2599: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2569: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2524: 2519: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2471:sacred waters 2467: 2460: 2455: 2445: 2435: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2420: 2415: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2387: 2384: 2382: 2379: 2377: 2376: 2372: 2370: 2368: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2352: 2350: 2347: 2344: 2341: 2338: 2336: 2333: 2330: 2329: 2325: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2314: 2311: 2308: 2306: 2303: 2300: 2299: 2295: 2292: 2290: 2287: 2284: 2281: 2278: 2276: 2273: 2270: 2269: 2265: 2262: 2260: 2257: 2254: 2251: 2248: 2246: 2243: 2240: 2239: 2235: 2232: 2230: 2227: 2224: 2221: 2218: 2216: 2213: 2210: 2209: 2205: 2202: 2200: 2197: 2194: 2191: 2188: 2186: 2183: 2180: 2179: 2175: 2172: 2170: 2167: 2164: 2161: 2158: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2149: 2145: 2142: 2140: 2137: 2134: 2131: 2128: 2126: 2123: 2120: 2119: 2115: 2112: 2110: 2107: 2104: 2101: 2098: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2089: 2085: 2082: 2080: 2077: 2074: 2071: 2068: 2066: 2063: 2060: 2059: 2055: 2052: 2050: 2047: 2044: 2041: 2038: 2036: 2033: 2030: 2029: 2025: 2022: 2020: 2017: 2014: 2011: 2008: 2006: 2003: 2000: 1999: 1995: 1992: 1990: 1987: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1976: 1973: 1970: 1969: 1965: 1962: 1960: 1957: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1945: 1931: 1928: 1926: 1916: 1912: 1910: 1906: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1888: 1886: 1880: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1865: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1846: 1844: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1793:Kangchenjunga 1790: 1789:Mount Everest 1785: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1763:Transhimalaya 1759: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1720: 1718: 1712: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1692: 1685: 1684:Howrah Bridge 1680: 1676: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1657: 1648: 1646: 1641: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1593: 1591: 1587: 1582: 1580: 1579:Bay of Bengal 1576: 1571: 1569: 1565: 1564:submarine fan 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1536: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1517:Damodar River 1514: 1510: 1505: 1501: 1500:Hooghly River 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1404: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1393:Gandaki River 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1371:(also called 1370: 1365: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1334: 1332: 1331:Uttar Pradesh 1328: 1327: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1301: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1262: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1224: 1219: 1212: 1207: 1200: 1195: 1187: 1180: 1175: 1168: 1163: 1154: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1131: 1129: 1125: 1124: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1021: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1006:source stream 1003: 999: 995: 990: 988: 984: 983:Bay of Bengal 980: 976: 972: 968: 964: 960: 959:Hooghly River 956: 952: 948: 944: 940: 936: 932: 928: 924: 920: 916: 912: 911: 902: 875: 871: 870: 861: 834: 830: 829: 820: 790: 781: 777: 773: 769: 765: 761: 757: 753: 749: 745: 741: 738: 732: 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 702: 698: 694: 690: 687: 681: 677: 673: 668: 664: 660: 654: 650: 644: 640: 634: 631: 628: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 596: 593: 592:Bay of Bengal 589: 586: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 556: 550: 547: 546:Bay of Bengal 543: 540: 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 514: 510: 506: 503: 500: 494: 491: 490:Bay of Bengal 488: 486: 482: 478: 475:of the Ganges 474: 470: 464: 460: 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 431:source stream 428: 424: 420: 416: 412: 408: 403: 400: 396: 395: 391: 390: 386: 382: 381: 376: 375: 371: 367: 363: 359: 355: 354: 349: 348: 344: 340: 336: 335: 330: 328: 327: 322: 321: 316: 315: 311: 307: 303: 299: 295: 291: 287: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 263: 259: 258: 253: 252: 248: 247: 242: 241: 237: 233: 229: 225: 221: 217: 213: 212: 207: 206: 202: 198: 194: 190: 186: 182: 178: 174: 173: 168: 164: 160: 156: 152: 148: 144: 140: 139: 138:Uttar Pradesh 134: 130: 126: 125: 121: 117: 113: 109: 105: 102: 98: 93: 90: 87: 83: 76: 71: 67: 61: 56: 51: 48: 44: 40: 33: 19: 17453:Ganges basin 17396:Jawahar Setu 17217: 17208:Burhi Gandak 17074:Ganges Canal 17043:Parichha Dam 17038:Matatila Dam 17017:Phulhar Lake 16818: 16742:Ganges Canal 16737:Ganges Basin 16578:Sahasradhara 16481:Satopanthtal 16466:Naukuchiatal 16281: 15995:Notuner Gaan 15940:Bengal tiger 15822:Architecture 15782:Universities 15733:Bangladeshis 15720:Demographics 15662: 15635: 15595: 15558: 15536: 15503: 15487:Shipbuilding 15451: 15356:Intelligence 15322:Border Guard 15316:Paramilitary 15293:Armed Forces 15248:Human rights 15216:Constitution 15179: 15161:(parliament) 15156: 15082: 15031:Ganges Delta 15026:Ganges Basin 15000: 14968: 14773: 14733: 14681: 14646:Bengal Subah 14603: 14581: 14569: 14554:Gupta Empire 14489:Vedic period 14423: 14079:Surubalijora 13939:Subarnarekha 13839: 13823:Meghna Basin 13493:Penna/Pennar 13332:Suvarnamukhi 12869:Gomti/Gomati 12755:Burhi Gandak 12650: 12641: 12444: 12433: 12371: 12364:Indian rupee 12343:Republic Day 12255:Bengal tiger 12012:Indian Ocean 11996:Pulicat Lake 11966:Saiful Muluk 11951:Chilika Lake 11941:Pookode Lake 11926:Ganges Delta 11921:Ganges Basin 11794: 11647:Indian Ocean 11516:Pookode Lake 11391:Ganges Delta 11386:Ganges Basin 11380: 11361:Chilika Lake 11346:Burhi Gandak 11336:Bharatapuzha 11252: 11235: 11223:from Commons 11218: 11197: 11161: 11149: 11111: 11084: 11080: 11061: 11051: 11040: 11026: 11002: 10971: 10967: 10963: 10955: 10952:Sunil Amrith 10901: 10897: 10878: 10859: 10826: 10822: 10802: 10782: 10761: 10719: 10715: 10696: 10679: 10675: 10659:. Retrieved 10627: 10593: 10589: 10569: 10536: 10532: 10524:the original 10511: 10508:Water Policy 10507: 10485: 10460: 10451: 10430: 10424: 10403: 10383: 10347: 10328: 10316:, retrieved 10296: 10276: 10263:. Retrieved 10251: 10247: 10213: 10189:. Springer. 10185: 10165: 10145: 10139: 10119: 10099: 10078: 10059: 10033: 10014: 10000:, retrieved 9980: 9950: 9946: 9928:, retrieved 9919: 9887:. Springer. 9883: 9863: 9843: 9837: 9820:, Infobase, 9817: 9792: 9788: 9766:(1): 43–64. 9763: 9759: 9748:, retrieved 9728: 9709: 9689: 9660: 9645:, retrieved 9629:, Harcourt, 9625: 9605: 9579: 9575: 9563:. Retrieved 9523: 9519: 9489:. Retrieved 9479: 9468:. Retrieved 9458: 9451: 9439:. Retrieved 9429: 9418:. Retrieved 9408: 9401: 9389:. Retrieved 9378: 9369: 9361: 9356: 9346: 9341: 9329:. Retrieved 9320: 9310: 9292: 9287: 9275:. Retrieved 9260: 9248:. Retrieved 9239: 9229: 9217:. Retrieved 9208: 9198: 9186:. Retrieved 9177: 9152:. Retrieved 9143: 9133: 9121:. Retrieved 9112: 9103: 9091:. Retrieved 9082: 9073: 9063: 9055: 9043:. Retrieved 9034: 9025: 9007: 8986:. Retrieved 8972: 8960:. Retrieved 8956:the original 8951: 8942: 8928: 8920:the original 8910: 8902:the original 8895: 8873: 8843:. Retrieved 8815: 8811: 8801: 8789:. Retrieved 8780: 8768:. Retrieved 8757: 8747: 8740:Abraham 2011 8712:. Retrieved 8708:the original 8703: 8693: 8681:. Retrieved 8677:the original 8667: 8640: 8636: 8626: 8614:. Retrieved 8610:the original 8579: 8569: 8542: 8538: 8528: 8516:. Retrieved 8509:the original 8496: 8484:. Retrieved 8480:the original 8469: 8424: 8418: 8408: 8396:. Retrieved 8387: 8378: 8366:. Retrieved 8357: 8345:. Retrieved 8341:the original 8331: 8296: 8276:12 September 8274:. Retrieved 8270:the original 8260: 8248:. Retrieved 8230: 8197: 8193: 8147: 8141: 8129:. Retrieved 8124: 8096:. Retrieved 8087: 8077: 8065:. Retrieved 8060: 8051: 8039:. Retrieved 8034: 8002:. Retrieved 7993: 7984: 7972:. Retrieved 7961: 7952: 7940:. Retrieved 7936:the original 7929: 7919: 7907:. Retrieved 7903:the original 7896: 7886: 7874:. Retrieved 7867:the original 7854: 7842:. Retrieved 7809:(1): 31–46. 7806: 7802: 7789: 7777:. Retrieved 7770:the original 7757: 7745:. Retrieved 7736: 7726: 7714: 7702: 7677: 7674:Asian Survey 7673: 7667: 7645:Prakash 1999 7640: 7620: 7613: 7608:, p. 16 7601: 7594:Elhance 1999 7589: 7560: 7546: 7519:. Retrieved 7508: 7499: 7487:. Retrieved 7483:the original 7476: 7466: 7454:. Retrieved 7446:The Guardian 7445: 7435: 7423:. Retrieved 7412: 7403: 7383: 7358:. Retrieved 7354:the original 7347: 7338: 7333:, p. 33 7326: 7263: 7224:, p. 43 7207:, p. 43 7196: 7191:, p. 90 7184: 7177:Blurton 1993 7172: 7118: 7017: 7004: 6959: 6823: 6796: 6763: 6759: 6753: 6741:. Retrieved 6727: 6717: 6710: 6698: 6686:. Retrieved 6675: 6666: 6642: 6635: 6623:. Retrieved 6603: 6599: 6589: 6562: 6550:. Retrieved 6536: 6524:. Retrieved 6510: 6498:. Retrieved 6484: 6472:. Retrieved 6458: 6446:. Retrieved 6432: 6420:. Retrieved 6406: 6394:. Retrieved 6380: 6368:. Retrieved 6354: 6342:. Retrieved 6328: 6308: 6301: 6289: 6256: 6252: 6246: 6219: 6207: 6163:. Retrieved 6143: 6113: 6106: 6095:the original 6090: 6077: 6065: 6041:Elhance 1999 5954: 5950: 5944: 5909: 5905: 5895: 5868: 5822: 5814: 5787:. Retrieved 5778: 5769: 5757:. Retrieved 5737: 5729: 5717:. Retrieved 5706: 5676: 5649:. Retrieved 5629: 5622: 5611:, retrieved 5591: 5584: 5573:, retrieved 5553: 5531:. Retrieved 5508: 5486:. Retrieved 5468: 5456:. Retrieved 5447: 5438: 5426:. Retrieved 5412: 5392: 5383: 5376:, retrieved 5356: 5349: 5341: 5326: 5313: 5305: 5286: 5280: 5272: 5257: 5250: 5234: 5207:. Retrieved 5187: 5161: 5150:, retrieved 5141:Ganges River 5140: 5105: 5091: 5077: 5047:. Retrieved 5040:the original 5022:. Retrieved 5018:the original 5006: 4997: 4992: 4977: 4924:Sheth (2008) 4865:Rajiv Gandhi 4685: 4675: 4670: 4661: 4654: 4631: 4620: 4606: 4604: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4580: 4576: 4565: 4561: 4542: 4530: 4518: 4498: 4470: 4465: 4456: 4426: 4416: 4408: 4399: 4393: 4375: 4367: 4359: 4351: 4343: 4335: 4327: 4319: 4311: 4303: 4295: 4287: 4279: 4271: 4263: 4255: 4247: 4239: 4233: 4223: 4199: 4196:Ganges shark 4178: 4173: 4165: 4157: 4149: 4141: 4133: 4126:Labeo rohita 4125: 4117: 4110:Tor putitora 4109: 4101: 4086: 4084:(about 9%). 4069:Glyptothorax 4067: 4061: 4055: 4049: 4045:Schizothorax 4043: 4028: 4020:Siluriformes 4005: 3999: 3979: 3971: 3963: 3953: 3947: 3941: 3937:Bombax ceiba 3935: 3933: 3922: 3915: 3910: 3902: 3864: 3858: 3852: 3838: 3826: 3815:Bengal foxes 3790: 3787:Indian lions 3782: 3774: 3766: 3758: 3750: 3742: 3723: 3718: 3699: 3668:Ganges Basin 3665: 3636:Bansagar Dam 3634: 3623: 3607: 3590: 3548: 3512:Ganges Canal 3509: 3465: 3461:Ganges Canal 3425: 3418: 3411: 3400: 3395: 3379: 3371: 3361: 3325: 3320: 3317: 3308: 3300: 3297: 3260:purna kumbha 3259: 3257: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3229: 3225: 3223: 3216: 3212: 3200: 3195: 3189: 3185: 3183: 3176: 3170: 3163: 3117: 3111: 3096:Ellora Caves 3047: 3043: 3041: 3026: 3018: 3014: 3012: 3004: 2996: 2992: 2977: 2975: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2956: 2934: 2912: 2908: 2898: 2879: 2874:Ganga Lahiri 2873: 2865: 2857:Ganga Lahiri 2856: 2854: 2850: 2820: 2813:Kashi Khanda 2812: 2808: 2804: 2797: 2795: 2790: 2782:Mahashmshana 2780: 2778: 2766: 2761:Gangashtakam 2760: 2750: 2746: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2712: 2693: 2671:and several 2666: 2660: 2656: 2650: 2646:Bharatvarsha 2621: 2609: 2603: 2596: 2572: 2570: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2543: 2533: 2522: 2478: 2468: 2464: 2458: 2416: 2397: 2385: 2380: 2374: 2373: 2366: 2365: 2348: 2334: 2318: 2304: 2288: 2274: 2258: 2244: 2228: 2214: 2198: 2184: 2168: 2154: 2138: 2124: 2108: 2094: 2078: 2064: 2048: 2034: 2018: 2004: 1988: 1974: 1958: 1947: 1922: 1913: 1892:Teesta River 1889: 1881: 1866: 1847: 1840: 1825: 1821:Shishapangma 1760: 1736:Chhattisgarh 1721: 1716: 1713: 1699: 1697: 1662: 1642: 1599: 1583: 1575:Ganges Delta 1572: 1552:Meghna River 1544:Jamuna River 1537: 1521:Sagar Island 1492:distributary 1405: 1377:Kaimur Range 1372: 1366: 1335: 1324: 1321:Ganges Canal 1302: 1286:Vishnuprayag 1282:Panch Prayag 1263: 1228: 1211:Ganges delta 1132: 1121: 1104:, including 1022: 991: 979:Ganges Delta 931:Indian state 873: 832: 831:; in India: 788: 786: 712:Burhi Gandak 588:Ganges Delta 558: 502:Ganges Delta 392: 378: 377: 351: 350: 332: 331: 329:) tributary 324: 318: 317: 255: 254: 244: 243: 209: 208: 175:tributary), 170: 136: 135: 122: 106:(as Ganga), 47: 18:River Ganges 17267:South Bihar 17258:Ratua Khola 17196:North Bihar 17178:Hydrography 17121:Charmanwati 17048:Rajghat Dam 17012:Raja Ka Tal 16812:Main rivers 16794:Hydrography 16609:Dhauliganga 16393:Vasukiganga 16277:Dhauliganga 16233:Uttarakhand 16229:Hydrography 15935:Bengal fire 15651:Real estate 15597:Agriculture 15569:Electricity 15467:Electronics 15452:Industries: 15327:Coast Guard 15285:enforcement 15264:LGBT rights 15021:Cox's Bazar 14636:Baro-Bhuyan 14604:Sultanates: 14524:Shaishunaga 14312:Swarnamukhi 14264:Vasai Creek 14259:Thane Creek 14209:Chandragiri 14179:Aghanashini 14039:Kushabhadra 13866:Brahmaputra 13845:Dhaleshwari 13703:Chhota Tawa 13452:Ghataprabha 13313:Tungabhadra 13227:Kinnerasani 13071:Dhauliganga 12708:Dwarakeswar 12453:Brahmaputra 12052:Palk Strait 12017:Arabian Sea 11976:Nizam Sagar 11961:Borith Lake 11931:Indus Delta 11765:Brahmaputra 11657:Palk Strait 11622:Arabian Sea 11496:Nizam Sagar 11431:Indus Basin 11426:Indus Delta 11341:Brahmaputra 10986:water table 10960:Sudipta Sen 10806:. Ashgate. 10318:15 November 10002:15 November 9750:15 November 9656:Arnold, Guy 9647:15 November 9441:20 December 9420:20 December 9380:The Tribune 9331:13 November 9269:. Outlook. 9123:27 November 9113:nmcg.nic.in 9045:28 November 8962:28 February 8643:: 202–206. 8518:28 November 8486:28 November 7319:Darian 2001 7300:Darian 2001 7285:Darian 2001 7268:Darian 2001 7256:Darian 2001 7241:Darian 2001 7008:Quoted in: 6963:Quoted in: 6743:15 February 6294:Suvedī 2005 6165:15 November 6072:, p. 7 6026:Arnold 2000 5789:13 November 5399:, pp. 5378:16 November 5209:17 November 4777:Ganga Talao 4646:hepatitis A 4640:, cholera, 4618:awareness. 4613:2,037 4557:chicken pox 4272:B. dhongoka 4228:crocodilian 4181:overfishing 4114:tor mahseer 4102:Catla catla 4074:Schilbeidae 4063:Nemacheilus 4036:Balitoridae 4024:Perciformes 4000:Catla catla 3869:parakeets, 3779:sloth bears 3771:barasinghas 3277:Chittorgarh 3028:Mahabharata 2993:Kashi Khand 2945:, the sage 2805:Mahabharata 2749:is told at 2743:netherworld 2668:Mahabharata 2558:waxing moon 2487:Maharashtra 2400:Megasthenes 1905:Langalbandh 1869:bifurcating 1746:, Haryana, 1708:bifurcation 1548:Brahmaputra 1525:Murshidabad 1412:West Bengal 1381:Gomti River 1369:Tamsa River 1340:, Kannauj, 1298:Rudraprayag 1294:Karnaprayag 1266:Dhauliganga 1199:Padma river 1096:, and also 1078:Murshidabad 1026:Pataliputra 971:Brahmaputra 955:West Bengal 943:North India 935:Uttarakhand 724:Brahmaputra 675:Tributaries 459:Dhauliganga 423:Uttarakhand 362:Narayanganj 314:Barrackpore 302:Budge Budge 262:Murshidabad 257:West Bengal 201:Farrukhabad 124:Uttarakhand 17442:Categories 17401:Nehru Setu 17327:Waterfalls 17079:Agra Canal 17053:Rihand Dam 17007:Moti Jheel 16967:West Rapti 16566:Waterfalls 16537:Panchchuli 16512:Kalabaland 16357:Rishiganga 16347:Pushpawati 16257:Bhagirathi 16005:Water lily 15980:Mango tree 15975:Bengal cat 15872:Literature 15827:Bangaliana 15755:Corruption 15542:Chittagong 15524:(currency) 15457:Automotive 15083:Executive: 15075:Government 15041:Sundarbans 15036:Hatirjheel 15011:Bengal Fan 14882:Chittagong 14631:Sur Empire 14534:Gangaridai 14442:Literature 14390:Bangladesh 14249:Patalganga 14184:Gangavalli 14089:South Koel 14084:South Karo 14049:North Karo 13956:Bhagirathi 13951:Kangsabati 13888:Someshwari 13592:Tapti/Tapi 13539:Kumudvathi 13514:(Cauvery) 13447:Malaprabha 13361:Mula-Mutha 13278:Panchganga 13178:Pedda Vagu 13085:Bhagirathi 13076:Rishiganga 13008:Kali Sindh 12855:Gori Ganga 12828:West Rapti 12777:North Koel 12730:Punarbhaba 12713:Mundeswari 12703:Mayurakshi 12693:Rupnarayan 12383:(Calendar) 12367:(Currency) 12322:(Microber) 12311:King cobra 12061:Categories 11986:Malampuzha 11971:Gosaikunda 11956:Lake Powai 11760:Bhagirathi 11671:Categories 11662:Ilog Pasig 11571:Someshwari 11551:Sapt Koshi 11521:Powai Lake 11486:Malampuzha 11331:Bhāgīrathī 11237:Quotations 11114:Indic text 10990:tube wells 10265:13 October 10011:Eck, Diana 9491:6 February 9470:6 February 7719:Brune 1993 7606:Stone 2002 7539:Singh 2005 7425:27 October 7201:Wangu 2003 7189:Wangu 2003 7076:Quoted in 6239:Mirza 2004 6200:Berga 2006 6007:Parua 2009 5861:Gupta 2007 5819:Stone 2002 5488:9 November 5428:5 December 5241:, p. 5152:2 February 5122:References 5049:20 January 5024:20 January 4712:The Ganges 4695:Kumbh Mela 4543:After the 4522:World Bank 4280:B. kachuga 4256:C. porosus 4154:snakeheads 4031:Cyprinidae 3974:) and the 3921:with sal ( 3879:partridges 3866:Psittacula 3831:Threatened 3819:Sundarbans 3795:wild boars 3767:Bos gaurus 3640:Sone River 3629:Bhagirathi 3488:Shah Jahan 3422:Irrigation 3364:pilgrimage 3358:Kumbh Mela 3336:Kumbh Mela 3015:Ganga Mata 2967:Gangadhara 2947:Bhagiratha 2935:Gangadhara 2909:Vishnupadi 2866:Panchganga 2741:, and the 2729:= "road", 2685:Bhagiratha 2642:Mount Meru 2622:Vishnupadi 2610:Vishnupadi 2573:karunasiri 2546:karunasiri 2442:See also: 2430:, west of 2417:In 1951 a 2412:Gangaridai 1900:Mymensingh 1854:streamflow 1809:Dhaulagiri 1779:Sunderbans 1704:Bhagirathi 1626:subduction 1560:Bengal Fan 1509:Ajay River 1484:Sultanganj 1397:Kosi River 1342:Farukhabad 1329:region of 1290:Nandprayag 1239:Nanda Devi 1231:confluence 1223:Sultanganj 1147:corruption 1094:amphibians 1082:Baharampur 1014:Bhagirathi 923:Bangladesh 780:Rupnarayan 516:Basin size 370:Munshiganj 108:Bangladesh 17289:Karmanasa 17279:Durgavati 17248:Mahananda 17243:Lakhandei 17116:Aciravati 16992:Belasagar 16871:Karmanasa 16711:Ram Jhula 16685:Dakpathar 16624:Koteshwar 16588:Vasudhara 16552:Satopanth 16517:Kedarnath 16436:Gaurikund 16426:Deoriatal 16421:Bhullatal 16367:Saraswati 16327:Nandakini 16322:Mandakini 16302:Jadhganga 16297:Goriganga 16262:Bhilangna 16247:Alaknanda 16107:Hindu art 15965:Jackfruit 15930:Bangamata 15902:Sexuality 15847:Calendars 15772:Education 15765:Terrorism 15664:Transport 15552:2011 scam 15309:Air Force 15119:Elections 15088:President 14984:Mountains 14947:Districts 14942:Divisions 14925:Geography 14239:Kundalika 14229:Vashishti 14214:Karyangod 14174:Sharavati 14169:Netravati 14159:Vaaniyaar 14144:Ponnaiyar 14024:Kathajodi 13984:Baitarani 13971:Mahananda 13897:Kushiyara 13797:Sabarmati 13788:Sabarmati 13661:Katepurna 13602:Arunavati 13551:Sarabanga 13529:Arkavathi 13524:Amaravati 13425:Kumandala 13413:Indrayani 13328:Vedavathi 13237:Sindphana 13185:Indravati 13171:Painganga 13130:Wainganga 13090:Bhilangna 13066:Nandakini 13056:Mandakini 13051:Alaknanda 12916:Kaliasote 12891:Ban Ganga 12740:Mahananda 12562:Marusudar 12314:(Reptile) 12122:Sri Lanka 12095:Sri Lanka 12084:Sri Lanka 11875:Sarasvati 11845:Mahananda 11561:Sarasvati 11471:Kushiyara 11316:Alaknanda 11087:: 99–137. 10926:144649820 10851:143480731 10618:208793200 10561:155016224 10374:853267663 10232:853267663 10103:. Wiley. 9729:Hindu art 9712:, Lotus, 9321:The Hindu 9209:The Hindu 9178:Live Mint 8759:The Hindu 8616:1 October 8606:643483454 8598:0027-9358 7844:15 August 7831:258753397 7823:2582-9289 7747:28 August 7582:Hill 2008 6788:164111602 5936:2095-3836 5528:313728835 4735:Kahalgaon 4642:dysentery 4545:cremation 4429:) of the 4185:siltation 4089:Prayagraj 4078:Clupeidae 4040:Sisoridae 3681:oil seeds 3673:sugarcane 3625:Tehri Dam 3376:Prayagraj 3350:Prayagraj 3151:Pratihara 3147:tribhanga 3124:Ahichatra 3116:, with a 3048:visarjana 2963:avatarana 2917:Sarasvati 2913:avatarana 2901:kamandalu 2747:avatarana 2694:avatarana 2657:avatarana 2634:Milky Way 2630:Pole star 2606:Vaishnava 2579:version, 2523:Avatarana 2516:Prayagraj 2510:, or the 1919:Discharge 1885:Adi Ganga 1817:Annapurna 1748:Rajasthan 1740:Jharkhand 1738:, Bihar, 1698:The name 1669:discharge 1651:Hydrology 1584:Only the 1468:Bhagalpur 1460:Sahibganj 1452:Begusarai 1389:Son River 1362:Prayagraj 1317:headworks 1309:debouches 1305:Rishikesh 1278:Mandakini 1270:Nandakini 1074:Bhagalpur 1042:Bikrampur 1034:Sonargaon 1010:hydrology 1002:Alaknanda 998:Devprayag 994:main stem 927:Himalayas 748:Karamnasa 720:Mahananda 616:Discharge 574:Discharge 528:Discharge 473:main stem 451:Nandakini 447:Mandakini 435:hydrology 419:Devprayag 290:Baranagar 286:Chinsurah 282:Serampore 274:Shantipur 251:Sahibganj 246:Jharkhand 220:Bhagalpur 216:Begusarai 177:Prayagraj 147:Fatehgarh 129:Rishikesh 85:Etymology 17223:Ghaghara 16947:Ramganga 16826:(Sarayu) 16690:Pashulok 16680:Bhimgoda 16668:Barrages 16654:Srinagar 16644:Ramganga 16502:Gangotri 16495:Glaciers 16476:Roopkund 16471:Pannatal 16461:Nainital 16456:Kedartal 16374:(Sarayu) 16352:Ramganga 16332:Nandhaur 16096:Hinduism 16049:Category 15945:Bungalow 15907:Marriage 15862:Language 15799:Religion 15738:Bengalis 15676:Airlines 15671:Airports 15621:Forestry 15462:Ceramics 15281:Military 15062:Politics 14897:Noakhali 14874:Regional 14797:Timeline 14787:Genocide 14668:Colonial 14519:Pradyota 14464:Cyclones 14447:Military 14437:Aviation 14414:Timeline 14394:articles 14292:Vaitarna 14277:Oshiwara 14244:Gandhari 14204:Chaliyar 14069:Shivnath 13994:Brahmani 13989:Bhargavi 13977:Draupadi 13646:Nalganga 13561:Hemavati 13518:Kollidam 13408:Bhogwati 13378:Chandani 13283:Vedganga 13222:Taliperu 13150:Kulbehra 13125:Pranhita 13109:Godavari 13095:Jahanavi 13034:Ramganga 12823:Ghaghara 12688:Ichamati 12461:Godavari 12274:(Flower) 12258:(Animal) 12228:(Pledge) 12212:(Anthem) 12196:(Emblem) 12118:Pakistan 12080:Pakistan 12047:Palk Bay 11936:Dal Lake 11850:Mahaweli 11840:Mahanadi 11800:Ghaghara 11785:Godavari 11526:Ramganga 11481:Mahanadi 11401:Godavari 11396:Ghaghara 11366:Dal Lake 11038:(1820). 11024:(1864). 10752:39845300 10744:17072555 10688:19697759 10661:27 April 10652:Archived 10610:14738797 10312:archived 10256:Archived 9996:archived 9978:(1982), 9965:Archived 9953:(2:15). 9924:archived 9914:(2007), 9744:archived 9658:(2000). 9641:archived 9556:Archived 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6682:Archived 6625:14 April 6552:12 March 6546:Archived 6526:12 March 6520:Archived 6500:12 March 6494:Archived 6474:12 March 6468:Archived 6448:12 March 6442:Archived 6422:12 March 6416:Archived 6396:12 March 6390:Archived 6370:12 March 6364:Archived 6344:12 March 6338:Archived 6281:17740017 6159:Archived 5979:18988852 5829:plains." 5783:Archived 5759:23 April 5719:23 April 5713:Archived 5703:"Ganges" 5651:27 April 5645:Archived 5607:archived 5575:22 March 5569:archived 5533:27 April 5482:Archived 5452:Archived 5422:Archived 5372:archived 5335:archived 5299:archived 5203:Archived 5146:archived 4750:See also 4716:Haridwar 4505:Varanasi 4497:Burning 4368:N. hurum 4170:milkfish 4150:Bagarius 4082:Bagridae 4057:Barilius 4008:endemics 3799:wildcats 3608:A major 3593:Lombardy 3580:mainstem 3546:region. 3504:Cawnpore 3468:Chanakya 3312:Pal 1997 3236:Besnagar 3072:Besnagar 3033:Shantanu 2791:Shraddha 2752:Shraddha 2709:heaven." 2662:Ramayana 2614:Sanskrit 2508:Haridwar 2504:Gangotri 2500:Varanasi 2498:such as 2386:20,143.6 2375:13,389.3 1896:avulsion 1873:channels 1777:and the 1771:Aravalli 1614:Gondwana 1529:Nabadwip 1464:Rajmahal 1428:Ghazipur 1424:Varanasi 1420:Mirzapur 1350:Ramganga 1313:Haridwar 1179:Gangotri 1128:Hinduism 1098:reptiles 1086:Kampilya 704:Ghaghara 689:Ramganga 457:and the 389:Noakhali 385:Chandpur 374:Faridpur 347:Ishwardi 339:Rajshahi 310:Uluberia 270:Nabadwip 236:Khagaria 228:Vaishali 189:Ghazipur 185:Varanasi 181:Mirzapur 133:Haridwar 95:Location 66:Varanasi 17359:Bridges 17334:Kakolat 17213:Gandaki 17203:Bagmati 17088:Bridges 17002:Keetham 16942:Kukrail 16851:Chambal 16699:Bridges 16629:Lakhwar 16542:Pindari 16451:Kanatal 16446:Homkund 16441:Hemkund 16431:Dodital 16416:Bhimtal 16362:Rispana 16307:Jahnavi 16169:Studies 16164:Worship 16033:Outline 15970:Kabaddi 15917:Symbols 15892:Theatre 15857:Cuisine 15814:Culture 15804:Society 15777:Schools 15707:Society 15681:Railway 15631:Poverty 15626:Tourism 15614:Fishing 15609:Poultry 15509:Banking 15482:Textile 15435:Economy 15173:Speaker 15112:Cabinet 15001:Places: 14974:Islands 14969:Nature: 14964:Borders 14902:Rangpur 14892:Jessore 14592:Kamboja 14514:Magadha 14482:Ancient 14419:Outline 14402:History 14348:Bhavani 14282:Dahisar 14273:(Mahim) 14234:Savitri 14219:Shastri 14189:Periyar 14114:Vaippar 14034:Kuakhai 13944:Kharkai 13882:Kangsha 13850:Dakatia 13747:Tendoni 13729:Burhner 13720:Shakkar 13694:Narmada 13685:Narmada 13673:Sangiya 13607:Panzara 13546:Bhavani 13418:Kundali 13288:Tillari 13258:Krishna 13249:Krishna 13207:Manjira 13202:Pravara 13190:Bandiya 13020:Gambhir 12952:Chambal 12879:Kathana 12874:Sarayan 12845:Ladhiya 12816:Johilla 12767:Gandaki 12750:Bagmati 12678:Jalangi 12666:Barakar 12661:Damodar 12656:Hooghly 12605:Zanskar 12506:Parvati 12465:Krishna 12457:Narmada 12375:(River) 12290:(Fruit) 12204:(Motto) 12005:Coastal 11880:Sankosh 11860:Narmada 11830:Krishna 11790:Gandaki 11780:Damodar 11770:Chambal 11745:Bagmati 11615:Coastal 11511:Periyar 11491:Narmada 11466:Krishna 11411:Hooghly 11371:Damodar 11351:Chambal 10918:3879375 10786:, CUP, 10724:Bibcode 10541:Bibcode 10484:(ed.), 10191:Bibcode 9930:21 June 9889:Bibcode 9797:Bibcode 9768:Bibcode 9584:Bibcode 9565:14 June 9543:2946570 9504:Sources 9277:6 April 9250:6 April 9219:6 April 9188:6 April 9154:5 April 9093:10 July 8820:Bibcode 8683:16 July 8547:Bibcode 8452:3898917 8429:Bibcode 8390:. WWF. 8202:Bibcode 8098:24 June 7694:2644864 7510:YouTube 6608:Bibcode 6261:Bibcode 6253:Science 5987:5426352 5959:Bibcode 5951:Science 5914:Bibcode 5613:30 July 4650:typhoid 4634:enteric 4595:river. 4553:leprosy 4549:cholera 4236:gharial 4220:gharial 4204:migrate 4118:Tor tor 3927:) as a 3895:endemic 3696:Tourism 3677:lentils 3654:Economy 3610:barrage 3576:Aligarh 3561:, with 3394:). The 3352:, 2001. 3346:Akharas 3293:Brahman 3244:udbhava 3044:avahana 3037:Bhishma 2995:of the 2991:in the 2989:Agastya 2943:Parvati 2921:Lakshmi 2911:in the 2861:Brahmin 2801:pradana 2793:rites. 2723:triloka 2673:Puranas 2604:In the 2566:Jyestha 2560:of the 2554:Dashami 2540:c. 1910 2496:tirthas 2491:Gautama 2428:Pangsha 2394:History 2381:7,514.4 2367:Average 2356:18,744 2342:12,375 2326:22,569 2312:13,282 2296:27,003 2282:22,870 2266:23,491 2252:20,325 2236:24,757 2222:16,718 2206:18,805 2192:18,397 2176:17,604 2162:14,631 2146:23,490 2132:19,516 2116:17,030 2102:16,783 2086:17,682 2072:19,872 2056:19,534 2042:26,789 2039:11,558 2026:16,404 2012:27,275 2009:12,308 1996:15,648 1982:32,139 1979:11,260 1813:Manaslu 1805:Cho Oyu 1767:Vindhya 1596:Geology 1488:Farakka 1480:Simaria 1444:Hajipur 1356:at the 1307:, then 1167:Garhwal 1110:gharial 1102:mammals 1090:Kolkata 1062:Hajipur 1030:Kannauj 929:in the 913:) is a 776:Damodar 768:Chandan 425:of the 366:Gazipur 278:Kolkata 266:Palashi 240:Katihar 197:Kasganj 167:Lucknow 159:Bithoor 151:Kannauj 100:Country 17448:Ganges 17309:Punpun 17304:Mohana 17233:Kankai 17228:Kamala 17218:Ganges 17189:Rivers 17067:Canals 16962:Varuna 16957:Sharda 16932:Hindon 16881:Rihand 16866:Kanhar 16856:Dhasan 16830:Yamuna 16819:Ganges 16805:Rivers 16747:Gomukh 16639:Maneri 16619:Kishau 16614:Ichari 16573:Kempty 16486:Sattal 16398:Yamuna 16378:Sharda 16342:Pindar 16292:Gomati 16282:Ganges 16267:Bindal 16240:Rivers 16187:Portal 16149:Moksha 16144:Mantra 16129:Dharma 16124:Chakra 16054:Portal 15887:Sports 15852:Cinema 15794:Hunger 15789:Health 15384:Police 14994:Rivers 14907:Sylhet 14504:Pundra 14459:Rulers 14452:Postal 14432:Bengal 14425:Topics 14392: 14302:Chenna 14154:Noyyal 14149:Kaveri 14129:Swetha 14119:Vellar 14109:Vaigai 14074:Sondur 14009:Hasdeo 13966:Thenad 13961:Hughli 13914:Tuivai 13864:(Old) 13840:Ganges 13838:(main 13830:Meghna 13812:Harnav 13744:Hathni 13732:Banjar 13725:Orsang 13636:Waghur 13566:Kabini 13556:Noyyal 13512:Kaveri 13503:Kaveri 13467:Urmodi 13440:Pavana 13383:Kamini 13338:Avathi 13323:Bhadra 13308:Varada 13298:Agrani 13273:Warana 13197:Sabari 13166:Wardha 13135:Kanhan 13061:Pindar 13044:Mandal 12996:Shipra 12989:Kotari 12967:Berach 12940:Karban 12935:Hindon 12911:Halali 12906:Dhasan 12886:Yamuna 12840:Sharda 12789:Rihand 12782:Amanat 12760:Phalgu 12720:Meghna 12683:Churni 12642:Ganges 12618:Tsarap 12614:Khurna 12610:Markha 12600:Yapola 12593:Shingo 12550:Lidder 12535:Jhelum 12525:Chenab 12496:Sutlej 12469:Kaveri 12449:Yamuna 12445:Ganges 12372:Ganges 12357:Others 12282:(Tree) 12279:Banyan 12266:(Bird) 12220:(Song) 12188:(Flag) 12106:Bhutan 11905:Yamuna 11895:Sutlej 11885:Sharda 11855:Meghna 11820:Kaveri 11810:Jhelum 11795:Ganges 11775:Chenab 11606:Yamuna 11601:Vaigai 11581:Sutlej 11566:Sharda 11446:Kaveri 11436:Jhelum 11381:Ganges 11376:Dibang 11356:Chenab 11309:Inland 11198:Ganges 11176:Portal 11068: 11010: 10924: 10916: 10886: 10866: 10849: 10843:178208 10841: 10810: 10790: 10769: 10750: 10742: 10703: 10686: 10635: 10616: 10608: 10590:Lancet 10577: 10559: 10492: 10469: 10437: 10411: 10391: 10372: 10362: 10336: 10304: 10284: 10230: 10220: 10201: 10173: 10152: 10126: 10107: 10086: 10066: 10041: 10021: 9988: 9899: 9871: 9850: 9824: 9736: 9716: 9697: 9676: 9633: 9613: 9550: 9540: 9391:7 July 9014: 8988:4 July 8838: 8657: 8604: 8596: 8459: 8449: 8398:4 July 8321: 8311: 8220: 8154: 7829: 7821: 7692: 7628: 7521:2 June 7489:10 May 7456:10 May 7391: 7360:10 May 6786: 6780:625798 6778: 6654: 6316: 6279: 6151: 6121: 5985: 5977: 5934: 5823:khadir 5750: 5637: 5599: 5561: 5526: 5516: 5458:18 May 5364: 5265: 5195: 4880:banks. 4682:Mining 4370:) and 4242:) and 4168:) and 4158:Channa 3952:, and 3905:) and 3891:snipes 3881:, and 3809:, and 3785:) and 3733:, and 3685:swamps 3584:Etawah 3500:Etawah 3436:Canals 3408:sadhus 3392:Nashik 3390:, and 3388:Ujjain 3378:, the 3329:'s 3326:makara 3321:makara 3302:chatra 3285:Kharod 3273:Badoli 3248:makara 3226:makara 3213:makara 3209:Cave V 3201:makara 3196:makara 3191:vahana 3186:makara 3178:kumbha 3172:makara 3119:kumbha 3113:makara 2985:Skanda 2979:shakti 2957:It is 2939:Ganges 2905:Vishnu 2821:Vahika 2809:ślokas 2787:Ashwin 2735:heaven 2731:gamini 2715:ascent 2681:Sagara 2677:Kapila 2665:, the 2651:It is 2638:Brahma 2626:Dhruva 2618:Vamana 2593:Vritra 2589:Heaven 2585:Swarga 2564:month 2552:, the 2408:stadia 2404:Indica 2353:1,645 2339:3,343 2323:7,148 2319:14,142 2309:4,524 2293:9,543 2289:17,818 2279:9,968 2275:16,183 2263:9,837 2259:15,882 2249:9,574 2245:14,816 2233:7,079 2229:14,923 2219:7,741 2215:11,522 2203:6,176 2199:11,967 2189:7,019 2185:12,200 2173:6,856 2169:11,919 2159:5,468 2143:9,035 2139:15,220 2129:6,881 2125:12,580 2113:7,256 2109:12,104 2099:5,636 2095:10,495 2083:7,118 2079:12,409 2069:9,371 2065:14,825 2053:8,559 2049:14,350 2035:18,953 2023:5,529 2019:10,531 2005:20,227 1993:4,942 1975:21,200 1862:floods 1801:Makalu 1797:Lhotse 1756:Bhutan 1744:Punjab 1700:Ganges 1665:Punpun 1630:trough 1586:Amazon 1533:Howrah 1486:, and 1472:Ballia 1456:Munger 1448:Mokama 1440:Chapra 1416:Chunar 1354:Yamuna 1346:Kanpur 1344:, and 1338:Bijnor 1274:Pindar 1255:Gomukh 1245:, and 1243:Trisul 1235:source 1157:Course 1118:Hindus 1088:, and 1066:Kanpur 1050:Munger 975:Meghna 967:Jamuna 947:Yamuna 789:Ganges 756:Punpun 740:Yamuna 728:Meghna 708:Gandak 678: 619: 577: 531: 508:Length 455:Pindar 414:Source 326:Yamuna 306:Howrah 298:Haldia 232:Munger 205:Narora 193:Ballia 163:Kanpur 155:Hardoi 143:Bijnor 119:Cities 53:Ganges 17284:Falgu 17253:Mechi 17182:Bihar 16980:Lakes 16952:Rohni 16927:Gomti 16922:Gaula 16917:Babai 16886:Sindh 16861:Jamni 16846:Betwa 16649:Tehri 16604:Bhali 16583:Tiger 16547:Ralam 16532:Namik 16527:Milam 16522:Meola 16507:Kafni 16408:Lakes 16372:Sarju 16337:Nayar 16287:Gaula 16272:Darma 16139:Karma 16117:Music 16040:Index 15960:Ilish 15877:Music 15750:Crime 15743:Names 15691:Ports 15686:Roads 15547:Dhaka 15492:Steel 15332:Ansar 15269:Women 14979:Lakes 14887:Dhaka 14529:Nanda 14499:Vanga 14469:Years 14338:Samir 14307:Terna 14297:Surya 14287:Tansa 14271:Mithi 14254:Ulhas 14199:Pamba 14139:Adyar 14134:Cooum 14104:Palar 14064:Sankh 14059:Pairi 14029:Koina 13919:Irang 13909:Barak 13877:Surma 13872:Titas 13855:Gumti 13836:Padma 13802:Wakal 13790:Basin 13760:Basin 13738:Hiran 13716:Kunda 13687:Basin 13656:Morna 13641:Purna 13629:Titur 13624:Girna 13597:Gomai 13585:Basin 13583:Tapti 13505:Basin 13486:Basin 13484:Penna 13472:Koyna 13462:Venna 13457:Varma 13435:Bhama 13388:Moshi 13371:Mutha 13346:Bhima 13318:Tunga 13303:Yerla 13293:Bhima 13268:Venna 13263:Koyna 13251:Basin 13232:Darna 13212:Maner 13145:Pench 13120:Purna 13111:Basin 12984:Morel 12977:Mashi 12972:Bandi 12962:Banas 12945:Pahuj 12928:Kwari 12923:Sindh 12901:Betwa 12860:Darma 12850:Sarju 12833:Rohni 12811:Banas 12799:Goini 12794:Gopad 12735:Atrai 12725:Padma 12651:Ganga 12644:Basin 12630:Hanle 12576:Nubra 12571:Shyok 12518:Spiti 12513:Baspa 12486:Indus 12479:Basin 12477:Indus 12441:Indus 12436:India 12287:Mango 12271:Lotus 12114:Nepal 12110:India 12076:Nepal 12072:India 11900:Tapti 11865:Padma 11805:Indus 11755:Betwa 11591:Tapti 11586:Tamsa 11506:Pamba 11501:Padma 11461:Koshi 11421:Indus 11406:Gomti 11326:Betwa 11302:India 11220:Media 11190:India 10994:canal 10922:S2CID 10914:JSTOR 10847:S2CID 10839:JSTOR 10748:S2CID 10655:(PDF) 10648:(PDF) 10614:S2CID 10557:S2CID 10259:(PDF) 10244:(PDF) 9968:(PDF) 9943:(PDF) 9559:(PDF) 9516:(PDF) 8714:3 May 8512:(PDF) 8505:(PDF) 8347:6 May 8319:S2CID 8250:7 May 8218:S2CID 8131:6 May 8067:6 May 8041:6 May 7870:(PDF) 7863:(PDF) 7838:(PDF) 7827:S2CID 7799:(PDF) 7773:(PDF) 7766:(PDF) 7690:JSTOR 6784:S2CID 6776:JSTOR 6098:(PDF) 6087:(PDF) 5983:S2CID 5385:flow. 5338:(PDF) 5331:(PDF) 5322:(PDF) 5302:(PDF) 5291:(PDF) 5043:(PDF) 5036:(PDF) 4891:' 4887:' 4882:' 4877:' 4873:' 4869:' 4844:Notes 4615:crore 4584:lakhs 4500:ghats 4423:baiji 4098:catla 4094:Patna 3996:catla 3960:seral 3887:Ducks 3883:fowls 3875:kites 3871:crows 3763:gaurs 3690:Unnao 3569:with 3380:Purna 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