137:
832:"Details - Notes of a botanist on the Amazon & Andes : being records of travel on the Amazon & its tributaries, the Trombetas, Rio Negro, Uaupés, Casiquiari, Pacimoni, Huallaga, & Pastasa; as also to the cataracts of the Orinoco, along the eastern side of the Andes of Peru & Ecuador, & the shores of the Pacific, during the years 1849-1864"
214:. Both subsequently well known for their work on natural selection, Wallace and Bates traveled along the tributaries of the Amazon, occasionally crossing paths with and sharing information with Spruce. Within the first two years of his expedition, Spruce had trekked along the full length of the river
22:
98:. Arranged alphabetically and containing 403 species, the gathering and naming was Spruce's first major contribution to local botany. Three years later he had drawn up a "List of the Flora of the Malton District" containing 485 species of
173:, which he undertook in 1845–1846. In 1846 he published "Notes on the Botany of the Pyrenees" and followed it with a more technical article, "The Musci and Hepaticae of the Pyrenees", published in 1849. Spruce issued
193:
would act as broker and distributor of any specimens sent back to
England. Despite his fragile health, Spruce accepted the proposal and spent a year at Kew becoming familiar with tropical botany. Spruce arrived at
1240:
225:
The plants and objects collected by Spruce from 1849 to 1864 (mostly in Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru) form an important botanical, historical and ethnological resource, and have been indexed at the
94:
Spruce started his botanical collecting in
Yorkshire about 1833. In 1834, at age 16, he drew up a neatly written list of all of the plants he had found on trips around Ganthorpe, focusing on
148:
descriptions of 23 new
British mosses, about half of which he had discovered himself. That year he also published his "List of the Musci and Hepaticae of Yorkshire" in
724:"Musci Pyrenaici, quos in Pyrenaeis centralibus occidentalibusque, nec non in agro Syrtico, A. D. 1845-6. Decerpsit Rich. Spruce: IndExs ExsiccataID=1327160831"
265:, Yorkshire, near to where he was born. He received a small pension from the government and continued his botanical studies. He is buried in the churchyard of
723:
245:
in the Andes of Peru, then successfully exported seeds and young plants as requested by the government of India. The plant was cultivated to produce
189:
After Spruce proved his botanical skills in the
Pyrenees, Hooker proposed a much more challenging expedition to Brazil. The prominent botanist
261:
By the time of his return to
England in 1864, his health was broken and his savings lost to fraud. He spent the last 27 years of his life at
68:. Spruce discovered and named a number of new plant species, and corresponded with some of the leading botanists of the nineteenth century.
475:
313:
1376:
357:
129:
only four mosses were recorded from
Teesdale. Spruce increased the record to 167 mosses and 41 hepaticae, of which six mosses and one
1396:
1200:
Cáceres, Marcela
Eugenia da Silva; Aptroot, André; Mendonça, Cléverton Oliveira; Santos, Lidiane Alves; Lücking, Robert (2017). "
179:
Musci
Pyrenaici, quos in Pyrenaeis centralibus occidentalibusque, nec non in agro Syrtico, A. D. 1845-6. Decerpsit Rich. Spruce
87:. After training under his father, a local schoolmaster, Spruce began a career as a tutor and then as a mathematics master at
908:
113:
In 1842 Spruce visited Thomas Taylor, an Irish botanist who shared his interest in bryophytes. In 1844 his paper on "The
1386:
569:
Spruce, Richard (1850). "Journal of an
Excursion from Santarem, on the Amazon River, to Obidos and the Rio Trombetas."
1326:
762:
1391:
1297:
1351:
1266:
125:", the result of a three-week excursion, showed his skill at locating and identifying rare species. In Baines's
1381:
1371:
1346:
166:
1291:
1366:
1341:
1270:
455:
230:
88:
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524:
Spruce, Richard (1844). "The Musci and
Hepaticae of Teesdale". Annals of Natural History. 13 (83): 84,
1171:
1113:
968:
226:
241:. Towards the end of his expedition through South America, Spruce studied indigenous cultivation of
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238:
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136:
103:
234:
162:
61:
681:
207:
1361:
1356:
803:
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8:
203:
140:
Memorial on the house in Coneysthorpe (North Yorkshire) where Spruce spent his last years
65:
807:
1221:
1204:, a further new genus of rain forest lichens in the family Malmideaceae (Ascomycota)".
914:
792:
751:
211:
1322:
1290:
918:
904:
758:
1225:
895:(in German). Berlin: Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum, Freie Universität Berlin.
856:
Boulger, Geoge Simonds (1898). "Spruce, Richard (1817-1893)". In Lee, Sydney (ed.).
1213:
896:
811:
662:
510:
Spruce, Richard (1842). "List of Mosses, etc., Collected in Wharfdale, Yorkshire."
352:
215:
150:
130:
118:
99:
1217:
490:
415:
190:
666:
1335:
581:
382:
321:
80:
45:
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448:
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262:
53:
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49:
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682:"Catalogue description: papers of Richard Spruce, explorer and botanist"
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432:
425:
334:
266:
95:
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Spruce, Richard (1845). "A List of Musci and Hepaticae of Yorkshire."
857:
816:
638:. Longman, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman – via Google Books.
440:
301:
206:
where he first met two other young naturalists exploring the Amazon,
174:
84:
650:
387:
242:
170:
122:
102:. Several of Spruce's localities for the rarer plants are given in
41:
37:
534:
Spruce, Richard (1845). "On Several Mosses New to British Flora."
463:
250:
246:
21:
195:
541:
Spruce, Richard (1846). "Notes on the Botany of the Pyrenees."
306:
219:
1241:"DNA Analysis Reveals a Genus of Plants Hiding in Plain Sight"
580:
Vol. I-II. Edited by Alfred Russel Wallace. London:Macmillan.
699:
555:
Spruce, Richard (1850). "Botanical Excursion on the Amazon."
503:
Spruce, Richard (1841). "Three Days on the Yorkshire Moors."
155:
79:
Richard Spruce was born near Ganthorpe, a small village near
57:
1199:
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114:
277:
He was honoured in the naming of several taxa of plants;
169:, and was recommended for a collecting expedition to the
859:
Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 53
562:
Spruce, Richard (1850). "Voyage Up the Amazon River."
548:
Spruce, Richard (1850). "Mr Spruce's Voyage to Para."
36:(10 September 1817 – 28 December 1893) was an English
517:
Spruce, Richard (1842). "Mosses Near Castle Howard."
202:
on 12 July 1849, and traveled up the Amazon River to
1176:
Sleumer | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science"
485:is used to indicate this person as the author when
1031:Pierre | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science"
973:Benth. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science"
777:Seaward, M. R. D. and S. M. D. Fitzgerald. (eds.)
750:
680:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Library and Archives.
543:Transactions of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh
218:to British Guiana, crossing over the Rio Negro to
1306:Richard Spruce Collection, Natural History Museum
1118:Nied. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science"
779:Richard Spruce (1817-1893): Botanist and Explorer
154:. The list included 48 mosses new to the English
64:to observe many of the places where he collected
1333:
862:. London: Elder Smith & Co. pp. 431–432
884:Eine Enzyklopädie zu eponymischen Pflanzennamen
184:
578:Notes of a Botanist on the Amazon & Andes
784:
60:to its mouth, and was one of the very first
1301:. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
605:. Hudson History, Settle, Yorkshire. 2004.
582:https://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.17908
880:
815:
711:http://indexs.botanischestaatssammlung.de
16:British botanist and explorer (1817–1893)
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135:
74:
20:
855:
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705:Triebel, D. & Scholz, P. 2001–2024
636:The Flora of Yorkshire; With Two Plates
603:Richard Spruce: Naturalist and Explorer
1334:
742:
648:
633:
52:, Spruce spent 15 years exploring the
1321:. Chatto & Windus, London. 1996.
709:. Botanische Staatssammlung MĂĽnchen:
651:"The Musci and Hepaticae of Teesdale"
1238:
889:Encyclopedia of eponymic plant names
615:"Book Review: Two Great Botanists".
177:-like series, among others the work
144:In April, 1845, he published in the
781:. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 1996.
730:. Botanische Staatssammlung MĂĽnchen
158:and a further 33 new to Yorkshire.
13:
1311:
14:
1408:
1377:Botanists active in South America
1283:
834:. Biodiversity Heritage Library.
793:"Richard Spruce, Ph.D., F.R.G.S."
753:The Thief at the End of the World
536:Hooker's London Journal of Botany
372:1903 (Lepidoziaceae), unaccepted,
28:taken upon his return from Brazil
1298:Dictionary of National Biography
445:M.Cáceres, Aptroot & Lücking
161:Spruce came to the attention of
1267:International Plant Names Index
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1397:19th-century British botanists
944:Wilson & J.D.Hooker, 1845"
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608:
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1:
588:
256:
728:IndExs – Index of Exsiccatae
707:IndExs – Index of Exsiccatae
661:(83): 84, 191–203, 271–283.
167:Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew
7:
1218:10.1639/0007-2745-120.2.202
836:www.biodiversitylibrary.org
185:Expedition to South America
10:
1413:
1180:Plants of the World Online
1122:Plants of the World Online
1035:Plants of the World Online
977:Plants of the World Online
571:Hooker's Journal of Botany
564:Hooker's Journal of Botany
557:Hooker's Journal of Botany
550:Hooker's Journal of Botany
456:Thaumatophyllum spruceanum
272:
231:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1387:Natural history of Brazil
881:Burkhardt, Lotte (2022).
667:10.1080/03745484409442593
655:Annals of Natural History
285:Wilson & Hook.f. 1845
249:, a drug used to prevent
227:New York Botanical Garden
89:St Peter's School in York
576:Spruce, Richard (1908).
239:University of Manchester
146:London Journal of Botany
1392:Natural history of Peru
1292:"Spruce, Richard"
468:Philodendron spruceanum
91:between 1839 and 1844.
1352:British pteridologists
791:Wallace, A.R. (1894).
634:Baines, Henry (1840).
235:Trinity College Dublin
165:, the director of the
163:William Jackson Hooker
141:
30:
1382:Explorers of Amazonia
749:Jackson, Joe (2008).
713:. – München, Germany.
686:The National Archives
498:Selected publications
208:Alfred Russel Wallace
139:
133:were new to Britain.
110:, published in 1840.
75:Early life and career
24:
1372:English taxonomists
1347:British bryologists
1247:. Simons Foundation
901:10.3372/epolist2022
808:1894Natur..49..317E
649:Spruce, R. (1844).
538:(iv): 345-347, 535.
476:author abbreviation
44:. One of the great
26:Richard Spruce 1864
1060:MĂĽller Hal., 1900"
320:1886 (liverworts,
212:Henry Walter Bates
142:
127:Flora of Yorkshire
108:Flora of Yorkshire
31:
1367:English explorers
1342:English botanists
1239:Shmahalo, Olena.
1002:F.Stephani, 1886"
910:978-3-946292-41-8
802:(1266): 317–319.
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1249:. Retrieved
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1183:. Retrieved
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1154:. Retrieved
1151:www.gbif.org
1150:
1145:Spruceanthus
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1125:. Retrieved
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1093:www.gbif.org
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1006:www.gbif.org
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629:
623:: 335. 1909.
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601:Pearson, M.
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559:(li): 65-70.
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449:Malmideaceae
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409:Spruceanthus
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395:Spruceanthus
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1362:1893 deaths
1357:1817 births
529:Phytologist
519:Phytologist
512:Phytologist
505:Phytologist
340:Micropholis
289:Dicranaceae
1336:Categories
1206:Bryologist
1185:2 November
1174:Neosprucea
1156:2 November
1127:2 November
1098:2 November
1069:2 November
1058:Spruceella
1040:2 November
1011:2 November
982:2 November
953:2 November
924:27 January
841:25 January
757:. Viking.
589:References
433:Salicaceae
426:Neosprucea
420:Neosprucea
346:Spruceella
335:Sapotaceae
267:Terrington
257:Later life
96:bryophytes
48:botanical
1317:Raby, P.
1202:Sprucidea
1087:Spruceina
1029:Sprucella
1000:Sprucella
919:246307410
521:(i): 198.
441:Sprucidea
401:in 1934 (
367:Spruceina
349:MĂĽll.Hal.
328:Sprucella
314:Sprucella
302:Rubiaceae
229:, at the
216:Trombetas
200:Britannia
175:exsiccata
131:liverwort
119:Hepaticae
85:Yorkshire
66:specimens
62:Europeans
56:from the
50:explorers
46:Victorian
1251:23 April
1226:90645323
1116:Sprucina
466:), syn:
388:Jubelina
376:Sprucina
362:Goffinet
358:Zanderia
243:cinchona
204:Santarém
181:(1847).
171:Pyrenees
123:Teesdale
42:bryology
38:botanist
971:Sprucea
942:Sprucea
804:Bibcode
464:Araceae
429:Sleumer
412:Sleumer
295:Sprucea
282:Sprucea
273:Honours
251:malaria
247:quinine
1325:
1224:
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907:
891:]
796:Nature
761:
487:citing
481:Spruce
460:Schott
431:1938 (
414:1936 (
381:1908 (
370:Kuntze
351:1900 (
333:1890 (
331:Pierre
318:Steph.
307:Simira
300:1853 (
298:Benth.
220:Manaos
54:Amazon
1222:S2CID
1147:Verd"
915:S2CID
893:(pdf)
887:[
573:(li).
399:Verd.
379:Nied.
156:flora
115:Musci
58:Andes
1323:ISBN
1253:2023
1187:2022
1158:2022
1129:2022
1100:2022
1071:2022
1042:2022
1013:2022
984:2022
955:2022
926:2022
905:ISBN
868:2020
843:2017
759:ISBN
736:2024
693:2024
621:4273
210:and
196:Pará
117:and
1214:doi
1210:120
897:doi
812:doi
663:doi
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