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The program was dubbed Avida and starts with an artificial petri dish where organisms reproduce and perform mathematical calculations to acquire rewards in the form of increased computer time for replication. The program randomly adds mutations to copies of the artificial organisms, whicha re then subject to natural selection. As the artificial life reproduces, different lines adapt and evolve depending on their environments. The program aims to parallel the evolution of biological life in a highly abstracted form and at a much faster speed.
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computer program that allows detailed analyses on the evolution of complex systems. The system allows the user to set the rate of random mutations, while natural selection acts within a virtual world promotes those mutations that provide beneficial traits (and selects against deleterious mutations).
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Tenaillon, O., J. E. Barrick, N. Ribeck, D. E. Deatherage, J. L. Blanchard, A. Dasgupta, G. C. Wu, S. Wielgoss, S. Cruveiller, C. Médigue, D. Schneider, and R. E. Lenski. 2016. Tempo and mode of genome evolution in a 50,000-generation
514:, which Schlafly initiated as a reaction to reports of Lenski's description of the evolution of aerobic citrate usage in one of the long-term evolution experiment populations. These same findings were later cited by the
759:
Tenaillon, Olivier; Barrick, Jeffrey E.; Ribeck, Noah; Deatherage, Daniel E.; Blanchard, Jeffrey L.; Dasgupta, Aurko; Wu, Gabriel C.; Wielgoss, Sébastien; Cruveiller, Stéphane (2016-08-11).
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have occurred in all 12 populations, while others have only appeared in one or a few populations. One particularly striking adaptation was the evolution of a strain of
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Bohannan, B. J. M., and R. E. Lenski. 2000. Linking genetic change to community evolution: insights from studies of bacteria and bacteriophage.
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Lenski, R. E., and M. Travisano. 1994. Dynamics of adaptation and diversification: a 10,000-generation experiment with bacterial populations.
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Lenski, R. E., and R. M. May. 1994. The evolution of virulence in parasites and pathogens: reconciliation between two competing hypotheses.
351:, where he began his work studying microbiology. In 1985, Lenski joined the faculty in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the
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In August 2013, having been inspired by a presentation by Titus Brown on the role of social media in science, Lenski began blogging at
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51:
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Blount, Z. D., R. E. Lenski, and J. B. Losos. 2018. Contingency and determinism in evolution: replaying life’s tape.
355:, and he was promoted to associate professor there in 1988. In 1991, Lenski moved his lab to Michigan State University, joining the
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Blount, Z. D., J. E. Barrick, C. J. Davidson, and R. E. Lenski. 2012. Genomic analysis of a key innovation in an experimental
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826:"Adaptation, Clonal Interference, and Frequency-Dependent Interactions in a Long-Term Evolution Experiment with Escherichia coli"
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On
February 17, 2010, he co-founded the NSF Science and Technology Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, known as the
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Since the experiment's inception, Lenski and his colleagues have reported a wide array of genetic changes; some evolutionary
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Wiser, M. J., N. Ribeck, and R. E. Lenski. 2013. Long-term dynamics of adaptation in asexual populations.
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Lenski, R. E., C. Ofria, R. T. Pennock, and C. Adami. 2003. The evolutionary origin of complex features.
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Meyer, Justin R.; Dobias, Devin T.; Medina, Sarah J.; Servilio, Lisa; Gupta, Animesh; Lenski, Richard E. (2016-11-24).
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510:. Included in Dawkins' discussion was a description of the dialog Lenski had in 2008 with Andrew Schlafly, creator of
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This article is about
Richard Lenski, the evolutionary biologist. For the Lutheran commentator (his ancestor), see
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1325:"Historical contingency and the evolution of a key innovation in an experimental population of Escherichia coli"
918:"Historical contingency and the evolution of a key innovation in an experimental population of Escherichia coli"
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After completing his doctoral degree, Lenski did postdoctoral research in the laboratory of Bruce Levin at the
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led by
Richard Lenski that has been tracking genetic changes in 12 initially identical populations of asexual
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1130:"The Evolution of Virulence in Parasites and Pathogens: Reconciliation Between Two Competing Hypotheses"
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bacteria since 24 February 1988. The populations reached the milestone of 75,000 generations in 2022.
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https://telliamedrevisited.wordpress.com/2014/02/07/zachary-blount-on-ham-on-nye-debate-follow-up-3/
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Richard E. Lenski; Charles Ofria; Claus O. Wilke; Jia Lan Wang & Christoph Adami (2001-07-19).
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1254:"Historical contingency and the evolution of a key innovation in an experimental population of
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533:. Lenski strongly criticized Ham's citation of his work and the conclusions Ham drew from it.
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8:
1510:"Evolution of digital organisms at high mutation rates leads to survival of the flattest"
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Lenski, R. E. (1998-12-01). "Bacterial evolution and the cost of antibiotic resistance".
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Lenski's research has received considerable attention, including lengthy discussion in
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Science and
Technology Center for Microbial Ecology there. Lenski did sabbaticals at
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1199:"Revisiting the Design of the Long-Term Evolution Experiment with Escherichia coli"
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https://telliamedrevisited.wordpress.com/2014/02/06/ham-on-nye-debate-follow-up-2/
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https://telliamedrevisited.wordpress.com/2014/02/05/ham-on-nye-debate-follow-up-1/
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Blount, Zachary D.; Borland, Christina Z.; Lenski, Richard E. (2008-06-10).
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1042:"Photo of Richard Lenski and Gerhard Lenski for the father's 90th birthday"
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is its inability to use citrate as an energy source under oxic conditions.
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as a carbon source in an aerobic environment. A defining characteristic of
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and the poet Jean Lenski. He is also the great-nephew of children's author
123:
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Maddamsetti, Rohan; Lenski, Richard E.; Barrick, Jeffrey E. (2015-06-01).
586:, and he holds the title of the John A. Hannah Distinguished Professor of
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985:"Ecological speciation of bacteriophage lambda in allopatry and sympatry"
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Lenski was the recipient of the 2021 Lifetime
Achievement Award from the
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Blount, Zachary; Borland, Christina; Lenski, Richard (June 10, 2008).
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Blount, Zachary D.; Borland, Christina Z.; Lenski, Richard E. (2008).
761:"Tempo and mode of genome evolution in a 50,000-generation experiment"
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289:
1488:"Artificial life experiments show how complex functions can evolve"
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Effects of competition and disturbance on ground beetle populations
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Richard Lenski with Long-Term Flasks and
Incubator on May 26, 2016
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1690:"Richard Lenski | Honored Faculty | Michigan State University"
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How
Evolution Shapes Our Lives: Essays on Biology and Society
1665:"Richard E. Lenski | American Academy of Arts and Sciences"
721:"John Simon Guggenheim Foundation | Richard E. Lenski"
268:. Lenski is best known for his still ongoing 36-year-old
1819:
Members of the United States
National Academy of Sciences
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1622:
United States
National Academy of Sciences member list,
1467:"Digital organisms used to confirm evolutionary process"
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707:"MSU's Richard Lenski wins 2017 Friend of Darwin award"
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long-term evolution experiment is an ongoing study in
1490:. American Association for the Advancement of Science
1469:. American Association for the Advancement of Science
1714:"Election of New Members at the 2018 Spring Meeting"
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Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences, USA
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1079:(7 ed.). Pearson, Benjamin Cummings. pp.
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547:video, which has been viewed over 6 million times.
1834:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill alumni
1774:BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action
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1128:Lenski, Richard E.; May, Robert M. (1994-08-07).
682:. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
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678:Losos, J. B., and R. E. Lenski, eds. 2016.
1574:
1262:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
922:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
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1859:Members of the American Philosophical Society
1396:"The evolutionary origin of complex features"
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1854:Fellows of the Ecological Society of America
1245:
1779:News release from Michigan State University
1175:. Michigan State University. Archived from
567:in 1996, and in 2006 he was elected to the
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1071:Campbell, Neil A.; Reece, Jane B. (2005).
569:United States National Academy of Sciences
536:In 2021, Lenski was interviewed about the
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52:University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
1603:The Longest-Running Evolution Experiment
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1784:The Loom : A New Step In Evolution
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1754:List of publications at Google Scholar
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1105:"Richard Lenski | Biographical Sketch"
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504:' book on the evidence for evolution,
389:E. coli long-term evolution experiment
66:E. coli long-term evolution experiment
1762:Long-term Experimental evolution site
1197:Lenski, Richard (February 15, 2023).
584:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
446:Richard Lenski has collaborated with
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1728:"Society for the Study of Evolution"
484:Conservapedia § Lenski dialogue
349:University of Massachusetts, Amherst
342:
1040:Richard Lenski (August 17, 2014).
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1641:"American Academy of Microbiology"
1566:Richard Lenski (August 19, 2013).
613:Society for the Study of Evolution
454:, and others on research using an
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1824:Michigan State University faculty
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312:Richard Lenski is the son of the
177:Bruce Levin (Postdoctoral Mentor)
1844:21st-century American biologists
1804:American evolutionary biologists
1568:"Welcome to Telliamed Revisited"
580:American Academy of Microbiology
353:University of California, Irvine
138:University of California, Irvine
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1864:Researchers of artificial life
1203:Journal of Molecular Evolution
1134:Journal of Theoretical Biology
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633:Journal of Theoretical Biology
606:American Philosophical Society
538:long-term evolution experiment
335:in 1976, and his PhD from the
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401:populations on June 25, 2008
337:University of North Carolina
262:National Academy of Sciences
174:Other academic advisors
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1169:"Source of founding strain"
1167:Lenski, Richard E. (2000).
842:10.1534/genetics.115.176677
374:
252:Distinguished Professor of
244:(born 1956) is an American
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1223:10.1007/s00239-023-10095-3
1173:Richard E. Lenski Homepage
883:International Microbiology
507:The Greatest Show on Earth
481:
386:
323:and the great-grandson of
18:
1849:Santa Fe Institute people
1600:Veritasium (2021-06-16).
739:Michigan State University
592:Michigan State University
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369:University of Montpellier
258:Michigan State University
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134:Michigan State University
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1869:American microbiologists
1732:www.evolutionsociety.org
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331:. He earned his AB from
260:. He is a member of the
1350:10.1073/pnas.0803151105
1283:10.1073/pnas.0803151105
1010:10.1126/science.aai8446
943:10.1073/pnas.0803151105
78:Friend of Darwin Award
1829:Oberlin College alumni
1146:10.1006/jtbi.1994.1146
604:He was elected to the
411:experimental evolution
402:
246:evolutionary biologist
121:Experimental evolution
557:Guggenheim Fellowship
555:Lenski was awarded a
430:that was able to use
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292:of novel traits, and
286:antibiotic resistance
98:Guggenheim Fellowship
1612:– via YouTube.
689:362: eaam5979.
565:MacArthur Fellowship
329:Richard C. H. Lenski
274:evolution experiment
118:Evolutionary biology
91:MacArthur Fellowship
21:Richard C. H. Lenski
1529:2001Natur.412..331W
1423:10.1038/nature01568
1415:2003Natur.423..139L
1341:2008PNAS..105.7899B
1274:2008PNAS..105.7899B
1215:2023JMolE..91..241L
1001:2016Sci...354.1301M
995:(6317): 1301–1304.
934:2008PNAS..105.7899B
785:10.1038/nature18959
777:2016Natur.536..165T
542:Derek Muller for a
469:Telliamed Revisited
282:clonal interference
84:Sewall Wright Award
1767:2017-07-27 at the
1628:Richard E. Lenski
1624:"Member directory"
1109:lenski.mmg.msu.edu
403:
221:telliamedrevisited
1814:MacArthur Fellows
1409:(6936): 139–144.
1335:(23): 7899–7906.
1090:978-0-8053-7146-8
928:(23): 7899–7906.
771:(7615): 165–170.
671:experiment.
656:population.
588:Microbial Ecology
361:Oxford University
343:Scientific career
300:organisms called
254:Microbial Ecology
242:Richard E. Lenski
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194:Michael Travisano
182:Doctoral students
108:Scientific career
30:Richard E. Lenski
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