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Richard Diebenkorn

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196: 298:), which was developing its own vigorous style of abstract expressionism. In 1947, after ten months in Woodstock on an Alfred Bender travel grant, Diebenkorn returned to the CSFA, where he adopted abstract expressionism as his vehicle for self-expression. He was offered a place on the CSFA faculty in 1947 and taught there until 1950. He was influenced at first by 329:
in 1955, teaching until 1958. He established his home in Berkeley and lived there until 1966. During the first few years of this period, Diebenkorn abandoned his strict adherence to abstract expressionism and began to work in a more representational style. By the mid-1950s, Diebenkorn had become an
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had studied art in Europe in the 1920s and brought their first-hand knowledge of European modernism to their teaching. Neuhaus emigrated from Germany in 1904 and was a seminal figure in establishing the Bay Area as a center of art appreciation and education on the West Coast. On the East Coast, when
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From fall 1964 to spring 1965, Diebenkorn traveled through Europe, and he was granted a cultural visa to visit important Soviet museums and view their holdings of Matisse's paintings. When he returned to painting in the Bay Area in mid-1965, his works summed up all he had learned from more than a
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Also at Stanford, Diebenkorn met his fellow student and future wife, Phyllis Antoinette Gilman. They married in 1943 and went on to have two children together, a daughter, Gretchen (1945), and a son, Christopher (1947). The beginning of the United States's involvement in World War II interrupted
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in Palo Alto, California, an appointment that lasted until June 1964. His only responsibility in this position was to produce art in a studio provided by the university. Students were allowed to visit him in the studio during scheduled times. Though he created a few paintings during his time at
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for a friend who was a big admirer of the artist's work. At the back of the painting, Benton wrote a message signed with Diebenkorn's name. When the friend died in 1995, his estate was evaluated and an appraiser, not knowing the paintings provenance, marked the work as worth $ 50–60,000.
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For the academic year 1952–53, Richard Diebenkorn took a faculty position at the University of Illinois in Urbana, where he taught painting and drawing. In November and December 1952, he had his first solo exhibit at a commercial art gallery, the Paul Kantor Gallery in Los Angeles.
403:. This project was the first publication of Crown Point's catalog). Diebenkorn would not do any more etching again until 1977 when Brown renewed their artistic relationship. From then until 1992, Diebenkorn returned almost yearly to Crown Point Press to produce work. 367:
Diebenkorn began to have a measure of success with his artwork during this period. He was included in several group shows and had several solo exhibits. In 1960, a mid-career retrospective was presented by the Pasadena Art Museum (now the
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Also in the fall of 1961, Diebenkorn became a faculty member at the San Francisco Art Institute, where he taught periodically until 1966. He also taught intermittently during these years at a number of other colleges, including the
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he transferred to the base in Quantico, Diebenkorn took advantage of his location to visit art museums in Washington, DC, Philadelphia, and New York City. This allowed him to study in person the paintings of modern masters such as
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described Diebenkorn as "one of the premier American painters of the postwar era, whose deeply lyrical abstractions evoked the shimmering light and wide-open spaces of California, where he spent virtually his entire life."
464:, Diebenkorn saw both Matisse paintings in an exhibition in Los Angeles in 1966, which enormously affected him and his work. Livingston said about the January 1966 Matisse exhibition that Diebenkorn saw in Los Angeles, 503:, where he would host an artist collective. In the winter of 1966–67, he returned to abstraction, this time in a distinctly personal, geometric style that departed from his early abstract expressionist period. The 526:
In 1986, Diebenkorn decided to leave Santa Monica and Southern California. After traveling and looking around several different areas in the western United States, in 1988, Diebenkorn and his wife settled in
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and perhaps the view from his studio window, these large-scale abstract compositions were named after a community in Santa Monica, where he had his studio. Diebenkorn retired from UCLA in 1973. The
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It is difficult not to ascribe enormous weight to this experience for the direction his work took from that time on. Two pictures he saw there reverberate in almost every
499:. He moved into a small studio space in the same building as his old friend from the Bay Area, Sam Francis. During this time, he lived in a house on Amalfi Drive in 603:, July–September 2013, at the De Young Museum, San Francisco; an exhibition of small works, June 6–August 23, 2015, at the Sonoma Valley Museum of Art, Sonoma; and 1581: 152:. His family moved to San Francisco, California, when he was two years old. From the age of four or five he was continually drawing. In 1940, Diebenkorn entered 1894: 252:. Also at this time, he had his first exposure to the new New York–based artists who were beginning their abstract Surrealism-based paintings. The work of 259:
In 1945, Diebenkorn was scheduled to deploy to Japan; however, with the war's end in August 1945, he was discharged and returned to life in the Bay Area.
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In September 1953, Diebenkorn moved to back to the San Francisco Bay Area from New York City, where he had spent the summer. He took a position at
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series, begun in 1967 and developed for the next 18 years, became his most famous work and resulted in approximately 135 paintings. Based on the
2763: 164:. Hopper's influence can be seen in Diebenkorn's representational work of this time. While attending Stanford, Diebenkorn visited the home of 160:, who guided Diebenkorn in classical formal discipline with oil paint, and Daniel Mendelowitz, with whom he shared a passion for the work of 607:, a major show highlighting Matisses's influence on Richard Diebenkorn, March 11–May 29, 2017, at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. 2768: 2728: 2723: 207:
While enlisted, Diebenkorn continued to study art and expanded his knowledge of European modernism, first while enrolled briefly at the
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of the 1950s and 1960s. In the late 1960s he began his extensive series of geometric, lyrical abstract paintings. Known as the
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in Buffalo, New York, in 1976–77; the show, then traveled to Washington, DC, Cincinnati, Los Angeles, and Oakland. In 1989,
424: 377: 326: 310:. Diebenkorn became a leading abstract expressionist on the West Coast. From 1950 to 1952, Diebenkorn was enrolled under the 1189:. Berkeley and Los Angeles California: The Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco and University of California Press. p. 7. 294:. In 1946, Diebenkorn enrolled as a student in the California School of Fine Arts (CSFA) in San Francisco (now known as the 1605: 2733: 2668: 1803: 435:
Stanford, he produced many drawings. Stanford presented an extensive show of these drawings at the end of his residency.
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in New York, organized a show of Diebenkorn's works on paper, which constituted an important part of his production.
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Upon his return to Berkeley in the fall of 1961, Diebenkorn began seriously exploring drypoint and printmaking with
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Deibenkorn's education at Stanford, and he was not able complete his degree at that time. Diebenkorn entered the
120:(April 22, 1922 â€“ March 30, 1993) was an American painter and printmaker. His early work is associated with 1143:. New Haven, CT: San Francisco Museum of Fine Arts in association with Yale University Press. pp. 219–225. 895: 2738: 1772: 1516:
Sarah Bancroft, "Richard Diebenkorn: The Ocean Park Series". Newport Beach: Orange County Museum of Art, 2012,
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painted in 1984 became the most expensive picture by the artist auctioned when it went for $ 23.9 million at
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is home to 29 of Diebenkorn's sketchbooks as well as a collection of paintings and other works on paper.
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During the late 1940s and early 1950s, Diebenkorn lived and worked in various places: San Francisco and
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in San Francisco 1948. The first important retrospective of his work took place at the
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Livingston, J: "The Art of Richard Diebenkorn", pages 20–21. Whitney California, 1997.
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paintings, these paintings were instrumental to his achievement of worldwide acclaim.
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Livingston, Jane. "The Art of Richard Diebenkorn". In: 1997–1998 Exhibition catalog,
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American Abstract and Figurative Expressionism: Style Is Timely Art Is Timeless.
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Diebenkorn's work can be found in a number of public collections including the
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In September 1963, Diebenkorn was named the first artist-in-residence at
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in San Francisco. In the summer of 1961, while a visiting instructor at
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All 43 Works From Bunny Mellon’s Collection Sell at Sotheby’s Auction
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painting. After World War II, the art world's focus shifted from the
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American Abstract Expressionism of the 1950s An Illustrated Survey,
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New York. The previous record from 2012, also at Christie's, was
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Thirty-Five Years at Crown Point Press: Making Prints, Doing Art
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as an Associate member, and became a full Academician in 1982.
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Major recent shows in the San Francisco Bay Area have included
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Richard Clifford Diebenkorn Jr. was born on April 22, 1922, in
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Chang, Richard (February 25, 2012). "Swimming in Diebenkorn".
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series bridged his earlier abstract expressionist works with
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Richard Diebenkorn : paintings and drawings, 1943-1976
758:(1975), an abstract image of a sunset, for $ 9.68 million. 496: 388:), where he worked on a suite of prints completed in 1962. 1485:"Podcast: Gretchen Diebenkorn Grant on Richard Diebenkorn" 1840:
Nancy Marmer, "Richard Diebenkorn: Pacific Extensions,"
172:, and first saw the works of European modernist masters 898:. Richard Diebenkorn Catalogue Raisonné. Archived from 330:
important figurative painter, in a style that bridged
211:, and later on the East Coast, while stationed at the 984: 982: 372:). That autumn, a variation of the show moved to the 1823:. Newport Beach: Orange County Museum of Art, 2012, 2774:
Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters
925: 711:for outstanding contributions to American culture. 484:Livingston said, "Diebenkorn must have experienced 395:at her newly established fine arts printing press, 979: 689:Iris & B. Gerald Cantor Center for Visual Arts 1557:"Honolulu Museum of Art Â» Ocean Park No. 78" 1230:Richard Diebenkorn: The Berkeley Years, 1955–1966 1141:Richard Diebenkorn: The Berkeley Years, 1955–1966 1094:Richard Diebenkorn: The Berkeley Years. 1955–1966 302:, who also taught at the CSFA from 1946 to 1950, 2660: 1118:"TIMELINE: BERKELEY ABSTRACTION: FALL 1953–1955" 1054:Richard Diebenkorn: The Berkeley Years 1953–1966 750:'s private collection, Italian fashion designer 584:, curated by Sarah C. Bancroft, traveled to the 290:to the United States and, in particular, to the 1875:Richard Diebenkorn Artwork Examples on AskART. 1081:. Los Angeles. November 16, 1952. p. 118. 742:painted in 1971 for $ 13.5 million. At a 2014 1895: 1660:Lifetime Honors â€“ National Medal of Arts 789:Richard Diebenkorn Lyrical Painter Dies at 71 765:made a painting in the style of Diebenkorn's 1007: 1316: 1314: 282:(1953–1966). He developed his own style of 1902: 1888: 1274:, p.56, 1997–1998 Exhibition catalog, The 1077:"Romantic-Abstract Work Well Integrated". 549:Diebenkorn died due to complications from 1821:Richard Diebenkorn: The Ocean Park Series 1771:, Ruth E. Fine, and Jane Livingston. The 1731: 582:Richard Diebenkorn: The Ocean Park Series 1725: 1690: 1311: 563:California Palace of the Legion of Honor 542:, with poems selected and introduced by 439:decade as a leading figurative painter. 374:California Palace of the Legion of Honor 352: 334:and abstract expressionism. Diebenkorn, 194: 2719:Artists from the San Francisco Bay Area 1965:Harris & Carroll Sterling Masterson 1227: 1138: 1091: 1051: 491:In September 1966, Diebenkorn moved to 2661: 1844:January/February 1978, pp. 95–99. 1252: 460:paintings. According to art historian 2764:Honorary members of the Royal Academy 1883: 1732:Wilkinson, Alec (November 25, 1996). 1691:Kinsella, Eileen (October 24, 2018). 1677:Souren Melikian (November 16, 2012), 1416: 1293: 1211:"Timeline: Berkeley Figurative Years" 1180: 1178: 988: 657:Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden 561:Diebenkorn had his first show at the 425:University of California, Los Angeles 409:California College of Arts and Crafts 327:California College of Arts and Crafts 192:in 1943, where he served until 1945. 1184: 1010:"New York Winter Exhibition Preview" 921: 919: 917: 888: 846: 844: 829:, page 18. Whitney California, 1997. 714:In 1991, Diebenkorn was awarded the 703:In 1978, Diebenkorn was awarded The 1390: 1344:. In 1997–1998 Exhibition catalog, 718:. In 1979, he was elected into the 203:, 1973, oil on canvas, 100 Ă— 81 in. 13: 2769:20th-century American male artists 2729:San Francisco Art Institute alumni 2724:National Academy of Design members 1834: 1175: 991:"Can You Feel The Bay Area Light?" 989:Frank, Priscilla (June 28, 2013). 962:"Department History, Art Practice" 677:San Francisco Museum of Modern Art 209:University of California, Berkeley 14: 2785: 2759:20th-century American printmakers 2704:Artists from Berkeley, California 2684:American Figurative Expressionism 1911:National Medal of Arts recipients 1863: 1718:Carol Vogel (November 11, 2014), 1679:Investors Fly to Contemporary Art 914: 841: 495:, and took up a professorship at 417:University of Southern California 213:Marine base in Quantico, Virginia 1393:"Visual Critic Series – Part II" 1228:Burgard, Timothy Anglin (2013). 1139:Burgard, Timothy Anglin (2013). 1092:Burgard, Timothy Anglin (2013). 1052:Burgard, Timothy Anglin (2013). 1008:Robert Ayers (January 3, 2008). 661:Los Angeles County Museum of Art 31: 2744:University of New Mexico alumni 2679:American Expressionist painters 1808:(New York School Press, 2009.) 1791:(New York School Press, 2003.) 1712: 1684: 1671: 1653: 1632: 1614: 1599: 1574: 1549: 1527: 1510: 1495: 1477: 1452: 1427: 1410: 1384: 1359: 1334: 1264: 1246: 1221: 1203: 1157: 1132: 1120:. Richard Diebenkorn Foundation 1085: 1070: 1045: 1001: 586:Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth 553:in Berkeley on March 30, 1993. 421:University of Colorado, Boulder 16:American painter and printmaker 2749:20th-century American painters 2699:American contemporary painters 2674:Abstract expressionist artists 1773:Whitney Museum of American Art 1765:The Art of Richard Diebenkorn, 1681:, International Herald Tribune 1423:. pp. Show Saturday 1, 8. 1346:Whitney Museum of American Art 1322:Whitney Museum of American Art 1276:Whitney Museum of American Art 954: 870: 832: 819: 794: 780: 698: 685:Whitney Museum of American Art 610: 601:Diebenkorn: The Berkeley Years 556: 1: 2714:Artists from Portland, Oregon 1979:Southeastern Bell Corporation 1870:Richard Diebenkorn Foundation 1397:Richard Diebenkorn Foundation 1342:The Art of Richard Diebenkorn 1280:The Art of Richard Diebenkorn 1272:The Art of Richard Diebenkorn 827:The Art of Richard Diebenkorn 773: 725: 1626:www.artinamericamagazine.com 1258:Drawings: Richard Diebenkorn 926:Diebenkorn, Richard (1976). 681:Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum 669:Museum of Fine Arts, Houston 665:Minneapolis Institute of Art 348:Bay Area Figurative Movement 143: 126:Bay Area Figurative Movement 98:Bay Area Figurative Movement 7: 2544:Steppenwolf Theatre Company 1505:Peggy Guggenheim Collection 653:Kalamazoo Institute of Arts 590:Orange County Museum of Art 296:San Francisco Art Institute 10: 2790: 2734:Stanford University alumni 2669:American abstract painters 1757: 1537:. New Mexico Museum of Art 1420:The Orange County Register 720:National Academy of Design 486:French Window at Collioure 478:French Window at Collioure 448:French Window at Collioure 190:United States Marine Corps 37:Richard Diebenkorn in 1986 2709:Painters from Los Angeles 2623: 2557: 2486: 2420: 2349: 2277: 2208: 2133: 2058: 1987: 1918: 629:Albright–Knox Art Gallery 567:Albright–Knox Art Gallery 266:(1946–47 and 1947–1950), 93: 83: 64: 42: 30: 23: 1847:Gerald Nordland (1987). 1305:The Museum of Modern Art 647:, Washington, D.C.; the 633:Art Institute of Chicago 619:, Santa Fe, New Mexico; 617:New Mexico Museum of Art 580:In 2012, an exhibition, 573:, then a curator at the 493:Santa Monica, California 316:University of New Mexico 2377:Eduardo "Lalo" Guerrero 2256:Catherine Filene Shouse 1665:April 11, 2012, at the 645:Corcoran Gallery of Art 637:Baltimore Museum of Art 594:Corcoran Gallery of Art 362:The Phillips Collection 272:Albuquerque, New Mexico 168:, the sister-in-law of 2754:American male painters 1033:Cite journal requires 730:In 2018, Diebenkorn's 716:National Medal of Arts 705:Edward MacDowell Medal 621:Honolulu Museum of Art 529:Healdsburg, California 482: 364: 284:abstract expressionist 204: 122:abstract expressionism 102:abstract expressionism 2739:United States Marines 2504:Ramblin' Jack Elliott 2499:Antoine "Fats" Domino 2150:Cabell "Cab" Calloway 2010:John Carter Brown III 1851:. New York: Rizzoli. 1640:"Macdowell Medalists" 1586:collection.kiarts.org 1460:"Diebenkorn, Richard" 1435:"Diebenkorn, Richard" 1367:"Diebenkorn, Richard" 878:"Student and Wartime" 802:"Diebenkorn, Richard" 748:Rachel Lambert Mellon 631:, Buffalo, New York; 466: 401:41 Etchings Drypoints 356: 198: 2539:Sara Lee Corporation 2412:Boys Choir of Harlem 2015:Charles "Honi" Coles 709:The MacDowell Colony 683:, New York; and the 675:, Washington, D.C.; 659:, Washington, D.C.; 623:, Honolulu, Hawaii; 575:Museum of Modern Art 517:color field painting 306:, Hassel Smith, and 280:Berkeley, California 199:Richard Diebenkorn, 106:Color Field painting 76:Berkeley, California 2600:Harvey Lichtenstein 2180:Robert Rauschenberg 2035:Kitty Carlisle Hart 1961:David Lloyd Kreeger 1609:Marlborough Gallery 1489:royalacademy.org.uk 1185:Fine, Ruth (1997). 693:Stanford University 673:Phillips Collection 627:, Vienna, Austria; 596:in Washington, DC. 521:lyrical abstraction 501:Santa Monica Canyon 432:Stanford University 370:Norton Simon Museum 268:Woodstock, New York 154:Stanford University 110:lyrical abstraction 2443:Daniel Urban Kiley 2110:Denise Scott Brown 2025:Richard Diebenkorn 1849:Richard Diebenkorn 1802:Marika Herskovic, 1785:Marika Herskovic, 1606:Richard Diebenkorn 1561:honolulumuseum.org 1502:Richard Diebenkorn 1340:Livingston, Jane. 1165:"Solo Exhibitions" 787:NY Times obituary 752:Valentino Garavani 641:Carnegie Institute 605:Matisse/Diebenkorn 474:View of Notre Dame 453:View of Notre-Dame 386:Tamarind Institute 365: 205: 118:Richard Diebenkorn 25:Richard Diebenkorn 2656: 2655: 2494:Jacques d'Amboise 2145:Leonore Annenberg 1995:Maurice Abravanel 1956:Riley "B.B." King 1829:978-3-7913-5138-4 1819:Bancroft, Sarah, 1814:978-0-9677994-2-1 1799:. p. 102–105 1763:Jane Livingston, 1522:978-3-7913-5138-4 1491:. April 10, 2015. 1270:Jane Livingston, 1239:978-0-884-01140-8 1150:978-0-884-01140-8 1103:978-0-884-01140-8 1079:Los Angeles Times 1063:978-0-88401-140-8 687:, New York. The 679:, San Francisco; 651:, San Francisco; 488:as an epiphany." 397:Crown Point Press 308:Willem de Kooning 254:Robert Motherwell 227:. Both Ryder and 201:Ocean Park No. 67 137:Michael Kimmelman 115: 114: 2781: 2585:Juilliard School 2478:MacDowell Colony 2428:Louise Bourgeois 2407:Stephen Sondheim 2372:Zelda Fichandler 2328:Roy Lichtenstein 2318:James Ingo Freed 2290:Gwendolyn Brooks 2160:Bess Lomax Hawes 2071:James Earl Jones 2005:Pietro Belluschi 1941:Merce Cunningham 1904: 1897: 1890: 1881: 1880: 1751: 1750: 1748: 1746: 1729: 1723: 1722:, New York Times 1716: 1710: 1709: 1707: 1705: 1688: 1682: 1675: 1669: 1657: 1651: 1650: 1648: 1646: 1636: 1630: 1629: 1628:. 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Yeats 535:edition of 533:Arion Press 419:(USC), the 217:Worth Ryder 166:Sarah Stein 2663:Categories 2473:Doc Watson 2438:Agnes Gund 2246:Gene Kelly 2226:Celia Cruz 1969:Ian McHarg 1645:August 22, 939:091478207X 774:References 767:Ocean Park 736:Christie's 726:Art market 592:, and the 513:Ocean Park 505:Ocean Park 470:Ocean Park 458:Ocean Park 446:paintings 423:, and the 344:David Park 229:Erle Loran 221:Erle Loran 134:Art critic 130:Ocean Park 49:1922-04-22 2392:Vera List 2295:B. Gerald 2000:Roy Acuff 1582:"eMuseum" 1507:, Venice. 1402:April 14, 1324:. 62–67. 1016:April 24, 1012:. ARTINFO 906:March 21, 744:Sotheby's 671:, Texas; 625:Albertina 551:emphysema 537:Poems of 312:G.I. Bill 264:Sausalito 246:Joan MirĂł 144:Biography 2323:Bob Hope 2308:Ruby Dee 2120:AT&T 1775:, 1997, 1745:July 20, 1704:July 23, 1663:Archived 1256:(1965). 746:sale of 476:and the 472:canvas. 427:(UCLA). 382:drypoint 360:(1960), 270:(1947), 124:and the 94:Movement 88:Painting 1913:(1990s) 1758:Sources 948:3003311 761:Author 754:bought 314:in the 182:Matisse 178:Picasso 174:CĂ©zanne 2580:Odetta 2141:Walter 2050:Texaco 1855:  1827:  1812:  1795:  1779:  1698:Artnet 1591:May 7, 1520:  1464:SFMOMA 1439:SFMOMA 1371:SFMOMA 1352:  1348:. 64. 1328:  1286:  1236:  1193:  1147:  1100:  1060:  946:  936:  858:. 2018 806:SFMOMA 588:, the 450:, and 248:, and 223:, and 180:, and 2648:2010s 2643:2000s 2638:1990s 2633:1980s 2558:1999 2487:1998 2421:1997 2350:1996 2306:and 2297:and 2278:1995 2209:1994 2143:and 2134:1993 2108:and 2059:1992 1988:1991 1919:1990 1853:ISBN 1825:ISBN 1810:ISBN 1793:ISBN 1777:ISBN 1747:2022 1706:2022 1647:2022 1593:2020 1568:2016 1543:2013 1518:ISBN 1471:2024 1446:2024 1404:2023 1378:2024 1350:ISBN 1326:ISBN 1284:ISBN 1234:ISBN 1191:ISBN 1145:ISBN 1126:2019 1098:ISBN 1058:ISBN 1039:help 1018:2008 973:2018 944:OCLC 934:ISBN 908:2009 864:2018 813:2024 519:and 497:UCLA 442:The 411:and 378:UCLA 78:, US 65:Died 59:, US 43:Born 707:by 691:at 219:, 2665:: 1736:. 1695:. 1624:. 1584:. 1559:. 1487:. 1462:. 1437:. 1395:. 1369:. 1313:^ 1303:. 1282:, 1278:, 1213:. 1177:^ 1167:. 1030:: 1028:}} 1024:{{ 993:. 981:^ 964:. 942:. 916:^ 880:. 854:. 843:^ 804:. 667:; 663:; 639:; 546:. 523:. 342:, 338:, 244:, 240:, 236:, 184:. 176:, 108:, 104:, 100:, 1903:e 1896:t 1889:v 1859:. 1749:. 1708:. 1649:. 1595:. 1570:. 1545:. 1524:. 1473:. 1448:. 1406:. 1380:. 1356:, 1307:. 1290:, 1242:. 1199:. 1153:. 1128:. 1106:. 1066:. 1041:) 1037:( 1020:. 997:. 975:. 950:. 910:. 866:. 815:. 51:) 47:(

Index


Portland, Oregon
Berkeley, California
Painting
Bay Area Figurative Movement
abstract expressionism
Color Field painting
lyrical abstraction
abstract expressionism
Bay Area Figurative Movement
Art critic
Michael Kimmelman
Portland, Oregon
Stanford University
Victor Arnautoff
Edward Hopper
Sarah Stein
Gertrude Stein
CĂ©zanne
Picasso
Matisse
United States Marine Corps

University of California, Berkeley
Marine base in Quantico, Virginia
Worth Ryder
Erle Loran
Eugene Neuhaus
Erle Loran
Pierre Bonnard

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