1492:
650:
92:
1087:
1007:
760:
902:(IGM) Economic Experts Panel, which queried opinions on the statement "Local ordinances that limit rent increases for some rental housing units, such as in New York and San Francisco, have had a positive impact over the past three decades on the amount and quality of broadly affordable rental housing in cities that have used them," 13 members said they strongly disagreed, 20 disagreed, 1 agreed, and 7 either did not answer, were undecided, or had no opinion. .
4787:
1313:
4813:
4800:
992:
1464:'s legislature passed a bill which made the state the first in the nation to adopt a state-wide rent control policy. This new law limits annual rent increases to inflation plus 7 percent, includes vacancy decontrol (market rate between tenancies), exempts new construction for 15 years, and keeps the current state ban on local rent control policies (state level preemption) intact.
3981:
Oregon policies also include a number of other exemptions to their state-level rent control laws. They allow property owners, up to a point, to add inflation to allowable rent increases. They both allow landlords to raise rents as high as they want between tenants and have higher caps on rent increases: 5 percent in
California and 7 percent in Oregon.
1234:) in § 535 to § 580a. As common in German law, regulations are structured into an abstract, more general part that applies to all contracts of a certain type, followed by a more specific section for individual fields of application of this type of contract. Specific regulations for rental contracts governing apartments range from §§ 549 - 577a BGB.
917:, he stated that "The conclusion seems to be that rent stabilization doesn't do a good job of protecting its intended beneficiaries—poor or vulnerable renters—because the targeting of the benefits is very haphazard.", and concluded that: "Given the current research, there seems to be little one can say in favor of rent control."
1250:
incentive to change tenants as rental price increases beyond inflation are constrained. During the period of the tenancy, a person's tenancy may only be terminated for very good reasons. A system of rights for the rental property to be maintained by the landlord is designed to ensure quality of housing. Many states, such as
1437:). 37 states either prohibit or preempt rent control, while 9 states allow their cities to enact rent control, but have no cities that have implemented it. For the localities with rent control, it often covers a large percentage of that city's stock of rental units: For example, in some of the largest markets: in
1237:
The German law differentiates between the rental price at the starting point of the contract and rent increases throughout the duration of the contract. Generally, the rental price at the starting point of the contract is determined by the contractual agreement between the parties. Only in designated
847:
Rent price controls remain the most controversial element of a system of rent regulation. Modern rent controls (sometimes called rent leveling or rent stabilization) are intended to protect tenants in residential properties from excessive rent increases. This is usually done by mandating gradual rent
4005:
More than 30,000 St. Paul residents — about 53% of voters — approved an ordinance by referendum earlier this month that will cap annual rent increases at 3%. The city has yet to hammer out the finer points of its new policy, which has been pegged as one of the most stringent rent control measures in
739:
The loose term "rent control" covers a spectrum of regulation which can vary from setting the absolute amount of rent that can be charged, with no allowed increases, to placing different limits on the amount that rent can increase; these restrictions may continue between tenancies, or may be applied
955:
A study by NYU's Furman Center takes a more positive view on rent regulation, especially as a tool to slow gentrification: "Although rent regulation is ill-targeted if viewed as a purely redistributional program," write the three authors of the study, "as a program to promote longer-term lower rent
894:
covering theoretical and empirical research on multiple aspects of the issue, including housing availability, maintenance and housing quality, rental rates, political and administrative costs, and redistribution, for both first generation and second generation rent control systems, found that "the
3980:
Tomorrow the St. Paul City
Council will discuss the details of implementing Question 1, a brief, voter-passed ordinance that caps annual rent increases at 3 percent and which includes none of the typical exemptions or allowances for new construction, vacant units, or inflation. ... California and
905:
A 2021 Columbia
Business School study found that there are benefits to rent regulation, arguing that "the housing stability they provide disproportionately benefits low-income households. These insurance benefits trade off against the aggregate and spatial distortions in housing and labor markets
1151:
for the cost of rent in the ACT. Rents between tenancies are not regulated, and are allowed to rise to market rate upon vacancy (vacancy decontrol). Rent increases above the amount prescribed by regulation may be disputed by application to the ACT Civil and
Administrative Tribunal (ACAT). Other
867:
and exacerbate scarcity in the housing market by discouraging private investment in the rental market. In addition, there would be a dead weight loss and inefficiency since some of the loss due to price ceilings is never gained again. This analysis targeted nominal rent freezes, and the studies
1952:
We focus on the popular belief that rent control allows more families to find affordable housing. The support for this policy is very large and widespread among the public in many countries. This belief, however, is at odds with scientific consensus arising from economic research. In a poll to
974:
which expanded the city's existing rent control laws to include small multi-unit apartments with four or fewer units, built prior to 1980 (about 30% of the city's rental housing stock at the time). A 2019 study found that San
Francisco's rent control laws reduced tenant displacement from rent
1249:
Tenants may be evicted against their will through a court procedure for a good reason, and in the normal case only with a minimum of three months' notice. Tenants receive unlimited duration of their rental agreement unless the duration is explicitly halted. In practice, landlords have little
1475:
which capped annual rent increases at 3 percent, included vacancy control, and did not exempt new construction, nor allow inflation to be added to the allowable rate increase. This was followed by an 80% reduction in requests for new multifamily housing permits, while in neighboring
4030:
Draheim also cited Census Bureau statistics that show requests for housing permits has fallen 80 percent in St. Paul since the passage of the referendum. In
Minneapolis, which hasn't drafted an ordinance yet and where new buildings could be exempt from caps, permits are up 68
3970:"America's Most Controversial Rent Control Law Is Getting a Hasty Makeover - A collapse in new development activity followed St. Paul voters' approval of a strict, vaguely written rent control ordinance. City and state officials are scrambling over how best to fix the new law"
909:
In David Sims's 2007 study of the deregulation of the housing market in
Cambridge, Massachusetts, he found that "rent control had little effect on the construction of new housing but did encourage owners to shift units away from rental status and reduced rents substantially."
851:
There is consensus among economists that rent control reduces the quality and quantity of rental housing units. However, some economists challenge this consensus and argue that controls do not have a statistically significant impact on quantity and quality of housing units.
1257:
In 2020, Berlin implemented a rent freeze, which was unprecedented in the German housing market. It benefitted sitting renters, but it substantially reduced the supply of new housing, harming those looking for a dwelling. The rent freeze was repealed in 2021.
1219:
Rent regulations are determined in France based on the Rent
Reference Index, which serves as the basis for what landlords can increase yearly rents by. In July 2022, France introduced a new cap on yearly rent increase of a maximum of 3.5% for one year.
1405:
Rent control existed in several
Massachusetts communities from 1970 to 1994. During this time, at least 20% of all rent-controlled apartments in Cambridge housed the rich. The vast majority housed middle- and high-income earners. They included
1238:
regions with a strained housing market, the rental price at the beginning of the rental agreement are capped by law. Increases in the rental prices throughout the duration of a rental contract are required to follow a "rent level" (
1242:), which is a database of local reference rent prices. This collects all rent prices of new rental contracts of the past four years, and landlords may only increase prices on their property in line with rents in the same locality.
1210:
China announced in August 2021 new nationwide rent regulations that cap maximum yearly rent increases to 5% in all urban areas, which comprise over 2/3 of the population and include most of the ~250 million renters in the country.
1441:
in 2011, 45% of rental units were either "rent-stabilized" or "rent-controlled", (these are different legal classifications in NYC) in the
District of Columbia in 2014, just over 50% of rental units were rent-controlled, in
934:
writes that rent control inhibits construction of new housing, creates bitter tenant–landlord relations, and in markets with not all apartments under rent control, causes an increase in rents for uncontrolled units.
2468:
4019:
828:
rent control, which limits price increases during a tenancy, but allows rents to rise to market rate between tenancies (new tenants pay market rate rent, but increases are limited as long as they remain).
3139:
2776:
2405:
751:. Its efficacy and collateral impacts have been the subject of disagreement and controversy. There is consensus among economists that rent control reduces the quality and quantity of housing units.
2372:
3943:
3800:
965:
924:
as a way to make housing more affordable to renters without distorting the housing market as much as rent control, but expanding the existing subsidy programs would require sharp increases in
2810:
1592:
4080:
M Haffner, M Elsinga and J Hoekstra, 'Rent Regulation: The Balance between Private Landlords and Tenants in Six European Countries' (2008) 8(2) International Journal of Housing Policy 217
2908:"Does Rent Control Do More Harm Than Good? - A new study suggests that policies meant to keep rents down actually jack them up overall, reduce the rental stock and fuel gentrification"
1147:(ACT) is currently the only jurisdiction with regulation specifying maximum rent increases. Rents can only be increased for sitting tenants once a year by a maximum of 110% of the
1480:, where voters authorized the city council to craft a rent control ordinance, yet to be enacted—which may exempt new construction from the rent control caps—permits were up 68%.
1671:
3916:
2972:"Rent Control's Winners and Losers - With rents going through the roof in hot cities, the hunt is on for a better way to protect tenants from being priced out of their homes"
2884:
2569:
1384:
3864:
1394:
1970:
3379:
2648:
2223:
848:
increases or rent freezes, while at the same time ensuring that landlords receive a return on their investment that is deemed fair by the controlling authority.
4051:
A Anas, 'Rent Control with Matching Economies: A Model of European Housing Market Regulation' (1997) 15(1) Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics 111–37
3128:
1382:
held by a majority that regulation of rents in the District of Columbia as a temporary emergency measure was constitutional, but shortly afterward in 1924 in
3969:
3709:
3690:
3671:
2917:
2767:"Rent-control policy 'likely fueled the gentrification of San Francisco,' study finds - As California debates rent caps, economists offer a cautionary note"
2766:
2458:
3436:
2395:
2362:
1127:
Rental regulations are administered by the state and territory governments. Rent control and freezes were features of the First and Second World War, the
3939:
3767:
3790:
2305:
4006:
the nation because it does not allow landlords to raise rents once a tenant moves out, does not exempt new construction and is not tied to inflation.
2948:
2274:
2737:
2802:
1582:
3058:
975:
controlled units in the short-term, but resulted in landlords removing 30% of the rent controlled units from the rental market (by conversion to
2979:
952:, a housing expert, said that "rent control appears to be the most efficient technique presently known to destroy a city – except for bombing".
1295:
4771:
3526:
M Haffner, M Elsinga and J Hoekstra (2008). "Rent Regulation: The Balance between Private Landlords and Tenants in Six European Countries".
3165:
1291:
3245:
1202:
requires that prices for rented properties do not rise more than 2.5 percent each year, or a lower figure fixed by a government minister.
1953:
economists from the IGM Economic Experts Panel, 95% strongly disagree that rent capping will increase the quantity of affordable housing.
1634:
1554:
298:
802:
rent controls, in which no increases in rent are allowed at all (rent is typically frozen at the rate existing when the law was enacted)
4726:
2339:
1457:
In 2019 California passed a statewide rent cap for the next 10 years which limits yearly rent increases to 5% plus regional inflation.
1254:, have a constitutional right to adequate housing, and require buildings to make dwelling spaces of a certain size and ceiling height.
4077:
P Weitzman, 'Economics and Rent Regulation: A Call for a New Perspective' (1984–1985) 13 NYU Review of Legal and Social Change 975–988
3488:
1664:
3908:
3887:
3191:
1705:
2874:
2219:
3791:"Losing Control - D.C.'s rent control laws are supposed to keep housing affordable. So how do landlords keep getting around them?"
3353:
2557:
4232:
3856:
1392:, the Supreme Court ceased to interfere with social and economic legislation, and many states adopted rules. In the 1986 case of
682:
258:
4741:
4020:"Minnesota Senate committee moves bill to retroactively cancel rent control measures passed by voters in Minneapolis, St. Paul"
3647:
4131:
3033:
1991:
1894:
1850:
2435:
1901:
Propositions about Which Most Economists Agree: ... A ceiling on rents reduces the quantity and quality of housing available
4731:
4104:
3833:
3408:
2975:
2733:
1966:
1822:
1299:
2613:"Black and right - Thomas Sowell talks about the arrogance of liberal elites and the loneliness of the black conservative"
3994:
2622:
2212:
4756:
3734:
2697:
4554:
4237:
2676:
2598:
1772:
1349:
966:
Costa-Hawkins Rental Housing Act § Studies on effects of California Rent Control (not limited to Costa-Hawkins)
1918:"Pictures are worth many words: Effectiveness of visual communication in dispelling the rent-control misconception"
747:
Rent regulation is implemented in many diverse forms. It is one of several classes of policies intended to improve
1735:
2907:
2806:
1266:
Yearly rent increases in the Netherlands are capped at a maximum of inflation + 1%, calculated as 3.3% in 2022.
895:
economics profession has reached a rare consensus: Rent control creates many more problems than it solves". .
4711:
4691:
4156:
2175:
1198:
996:
842:
1433:
have localities in which some form of residential rent control is in effect (for normal structures, excluding
1320:
Rent regulation covered the whole of the UK private sector rental market from 1915 to 1980. However, from the
4817:
1363:
1340:, and often the rates set by local authorities mirror escalating prices in the non-regulated private market.
1128:
880:
63:
4058:
3757:
813:
rent control, in which the rental price can rise, but continues to be regulated in between tenancies (a new
4721:
4665:
4270:
2431:
2295:
2257:
2144:
Ambrosius, Joshua D.; Gilderbloom, John I.; Steele, William J.; Meares, Wesley L.; Keating, Dennis (2015).
1152:
Australian jurisdictions allow for rent increases every six to twelve months with variable notice periods.
1144:
899:
618:
42:
17:
2940:
2834:"The Effects of Rent Control Expansion on Tenants, Landlords, and Inequality: Evidence from San Francisco"
2727:"The Effects of Rent Control Expansion on Tenants, Landlords, and Inequality: Evidence from San Francisco"
1328:
policy to deregulate and dismantle rent regulation. Regulation for all new tenancies was abolished by the
1246:
Rents are prohibited altogether, so that any price rises above 20 per cent over three years are unlawful.
4844:
4670:
4660:
4227:
4105:
Rent Control Around the World: Pros and Cons – Including summaries of rent control laws in many countries
3561:
3514:
3298:
2726:
2249:
2146:"Forty years of rent control: Reexamining New Jersey's moderate local policies after the great recession"
1166:
675:
111:
4085:
Rent control effects through the lens of empirical research: An almost complete review of the literature
4054:
T Ellingsen and P Englund, 'Rent regulation: An introduction' (2003) 10 Swedish Economic Policy Review 3
3272:
4327:
4217:
1355:
980:
4084:
2518:
1230:
1098:
1018:
4275:
4172:
4124:
2971:
2082:
2031:
1183:
38:
4839:
4187:
1359:
1303:
983:) which led to a 15% citywide decrease in total rental units, and a 7% increase in citywide rents.
941:
writes that rent control reduces the supply of housing, and has stated that rent control increases
563:
378:
268:
3327:
4803:
4469:
4358:
4207:
2879:
1587:
1325:
1187:
956:
tenancies for the tenants who benefit from it, even in hot rental markets, it seems to succeed."
383:
868:
conducted were mainly focused on rental prices in Manhattan, or elsewhere in the United States.
744:
countries have some form of rent control in effect, including four states in the United States.
4569:
4529:
4295:
856:
702:
for the rental market of dwellings, with controversial effects on affordability of housing and
668:
318:
288:
278:
3462:
2503:
1627:
1550:
4630:
4610:
4584:
4574:
4534:
4402:
4363:
4265:
4222:
4212:
4197:
4177:
3795:
3713:
3694:
3675:
2698:"Gentrification Response: A Survey of Strategies to Maintain Neighborhood Economic Diversity"
1468:
748:
513:
458:
453:
443:
181:
4046:
3102:
3073:
2331:
4791:
4544:
4474:
4337:
4280:
4202:
4192:
4182:
4117:
3860:
2912:
1430:
1398:, the US Supreme court held that there was no incompatibility between rent control and the
1148:
1074:
issued a bull ordering landlords to rent out houses to Jewish tenants at reasonable rates.
913:
In a 2013 analysis of the body of economic research on rent control by Peter Tatian at the
623:
608:
328:
283:
273:
3621:
1992:
https://housingevidence.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/CPG-rent-control-final-011122.pdf
8:
4701:
4524:
4519:
4353:
4258:
4253:
2653:
2463:
1814:
1701:
1333:
1174:
registered with NSW Fair Trading, or a magistrate sitting as the Fair Rents Board (NSW).
925:
872:
860:
838:
353:
3002:
4751:
4625:
4579:
4559:
4392:
4373:
4315:
4290:
3716:
3697:
3678:
3602:
3543:
3126:
2300:
2266:
2126:
1633:. OECD.org - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 21 December 2016.
1525:
1510:
1505:
633:
448:
428:
388:
368:
333:
253:
4655:
4464:
4447:
4407:
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4322:
4300:
4285:
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3892:
3606:
3594:
3547:
3052:
2855:
2594:
2538:
2499:
2130:
2122:
2087:
2036:
1943:
1890:
1846:
1818:
1768:
1472:
1336:" by the landlord to set any price. Rent regulations survive among a small number of
1132:
971:
921:
887:" that "A ceiling on rents reduces the quantity and quality of housing available."
729:
Obligations on the landlord or tenant regarding adequate maintenance of the property
4675:
4650:
4549:
4491:
4452:
4412:
3824:"How Burrowing Owls Lead To Vomiting Anarchists (Or SF's Housing Crisis Explained)"
3648:"Catalonia now has a rent control law, via the votes of JxCat, ERC, CUP and Comuns"
3586:
3535:
2944:
2845:
2771:
2530:
2396:"Rent Control Doesn't Help Renters: Some In Washington State Want To Try It Anyway"
2157:
2118:
2106:
2077:
2067:
2026:
2016:
1933:
1925:
1418:
1373:
1329:
1321:
1307:
814:
771:
763:
638:
613:
588:
568:
473:
438:
393:
363:
348:
343:
303:
75:
3590:
2875:"Rent-control policies likely 'fueled' SF gentrification, Stanford economists say"
2072:
2055:
2021:
2004:
4539:
2617:
2427:
2335:
2161:
914:
876:
628:
578:
518:
338:
3823:
3574:
1388:
the same law was unanimously struck down by the Supreme Court. After the 1930s
4766:
4746:
4706:
4645:
4427:
4397:
2519:"Out of control: What can we learn from the end of Massachusetts rent control?"
2145:
1882:
1530:
1520:
1497:
1378:
1312:
949:
779:
710:
654:
548:
493:
373:
323:
313:
263:
203:
151:
121:
3539:
2534:
1916:
Brandts, Jordi; Busom, Isabel; Lopez-Mayan, Cristina; Panadés, Judith (2022).
4833:
4564:
4496:
4481:
4310:
3888:"California will limit rent increases under bill signed by Gov. Gavin Newsom"
3598:
2859:
2803:"Rent control linked to gentrification in San Francisco, Stanford study says"
2644:
2542:
2490:
Favilukis, Jack Y.; Mabille, Pierre; Van Nieuwerburgh, Stijn (11 June 2021).
2091:
2040:
1947:
1443:
1438:
1369:
1337:
1071:
1051:
938:
787:
767:
558:
528:
488:
423:
398:
156:
116:
3218:
2612:
1192:
In Canada, there are rent regulation laws in each province. For example, in
1170:. Such ‘protected tenants’ pay a regulated ‘fair rent’ set either through a
4736:
4635:
4620:
4594:
4417:
4383:
3999:
2565:
2491:
1063:
1055:
942:
931:
593:
308:
1446:, as of 2014, about 75% of all rental units were rent-controlled, and in
884:
774:
can increase but does not have to, quantity decreases and demand increases
91:
4761:
4615:
4437:
4432:
4305:
4140:
3620:
Koninkrijksrelaties, Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken en (14 May 2013).
3220:
2850:
2833:
2558:"Some People Will Do Crazy Things for a Rent-Controlled Apartment in NYC"
1929:
1477:
1447:
1434:
1399:
1160:
New South Wales has a small number of tenants who are not covered by the
1067:
976:
740:
only within the duration of a tenancy. As of 2016, at least 14 of the 36
726:
controls: codified standards by which a landlord may terminate a tenancy
543:
483:
228:
176:
4057:
H Lind, 'Rent Regulation: A Conceptual and Comparative Analysis' (2001)
3940:"Oregon Gov. Kate Brown signs nation's first statewide rent control law"
1917:
1086:
1006:
759:
4716:
4589:
3828:
2363:"How Ironic: America's Rent-Controlled Cities Are Its Least Affordable"
2270:
1938:
1422:
1414:
1407:
1059:
553:
538:
533:
146:
3995:"Fearing a spike, tenant advocates keep a close eye on St. Paul rents"
3127:
ACT Government Justice and Community Safety Directorate (March 2021).
732:
A system of oversight and enforcement by an independent regulator and
2459:"Which economist do you agree with most? Take this quiz to find out!"
2054:
Marsh, Alex; Gibb, Kenneth; Soaita, Adriana Mihaela (1 August 2022).
2003:
Marsh, Alex; Gibb, Kenneth; Soaita, Adriana Mihaela (1 August 2022).
1840:
1275:
733:
598:
583:
463:
213:
208:
126:
3437:"China to put a cap on urban rents to improve housing affordability"
2248:
Alston, Richard M.; Kearl, J. R.; Vaughan, Michael B. (1 May 1992).
4696:
4640:
4442:
4368:
4151:
4024:
3525:
3489:"France to limit rent rises to help households with cost of living"
1808:
1583:"Rent control spreading to Bay Area suburbs, to economists' dismay"
1426:
1389:
864:
723:
573:
523:
403:
293:
171:
141:
131:
3406:
2725:
Diamond, Rebecca; McQuade, Tim; Qian, Franklin (11 October 2017).
890:
A 2009 review of the economic literature by Blair Jenkins through
863:
economists say that some forms of rent control regulations create
713:, limits on the rent that a landlord may charge, typically called
3912:
3762:
2593:
Sowell, Thomas. 2008. Economic Facts and Fallacies. Basic Books,
1193:
891:
703:
358:
161:
136:
83:
2489:
2143:
4501:
2649:"Low-rent Labour is positioning itself as the Ukip of the Left"
2400:
2367:
1461:
1251:
1047:
603:
198:
192:
4109:
2696:
Herrine, Luke; Yager, Jessica; Mian, Nadia (26 October 2016).
1915:
4457:
3219:
ACT Civil and Administrative Tribunal (ACAT) (25 June 2023).
2107:"Thirty Years of Rent Control: A Survey of New Jersey Cities"
1515:
1279:
1243:
991:
433:
233:
218:
187:
166:
107:
778:
The loose term "rent control" can apply to several types of
4422:
3857:"LA Rent: Has rent control been successful in Los Angeles?"
1043:
741:
223:
3909:"Oregon Set To Pass The First Statewide Rent Control Bill"
1670:. National Multifamily Housing Council. 3 September 2020.
4045:
R Arnott, 'Time for Revisionism on Rent Control?' (1995)
3325:
2681:
1228:
German rent regulation is found in the "Civil Code" (the
1066:
granted Jews the right to own property worth up to 1,500
699:
1869:" section for more references supporting this statement.
3380:"Protected tenancies: history and proposals for reform"
3246:"How Much Is Rent Allowed to Increase (And How Often)?"
2832:
Qian, Franklin; McQuade, Tim; Diamond, Rebecca (2019).
2206:
2204:
2202:
1058:
were forbidden to own property, they were dependent on
1809:
David A Besanko; Ronald R. Braeutigam (2008). "10.5".
3103:"Part 2, Residential Tenancies Regulation 1998 (ACT)"
3034:"Is it time to talk about rent control in Australia?"
2250:"Is There a Consensus Among Economists in the 1990s?"
817:
pays almost the same rent as the previous tenant) and
3963:
3961:
2199:
1487:
995:
A 1945 comic explaining rent control under the U.S.
4011:
3619:
1767:(6th ed.). Dryden Press. pp. 92–93, 379.
1164:, but rather continuing provisions of the repealed
706:. Generally, a system of rent regulation involves:
62:"Rent control" redirects here. For other uses, see
4065:The Private Rental Housing Market in New York City
2831:
2724:
2589:
2587:
2325:
2323:
2247:
2190:The Private Rental Housing Market in New York City
1576:
1574:
1572:
3958:
3572:
1062:landlords, who charged them high rents. In 1562,
4831:
3299:"Landlord and Tenant (Amendment) Act 1948 (NSW)"
2796:
2794:
2718:
2695:
2387:
2354:
1845:(1st ed.). McGraw-Hill Irwin. p. 565.
1841:B. Douglas Bernheim; Michael D Whinston (2008).
1282:passed a rent-regulation law in September 2020.
875:, random survey of 464 US economists, economics
59:Regulations to reduce increases in housing rents
4059:1(1) International Journal of Housing Policy 41
3575:"Supply side effects of the Berlin rent freeze"
3409:"2014 CPSA Guide to Protected Tenancies in NSW"
3270:
2584:
2320:
2053:
2002:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1569:
1138:
3879:
3758:"Battle looms over NYC rent stabilization law"
3749:
3166:"The one place in Australia with rent control"
3100:
3074:"Part 5, Residential Tenancies Act 1997 (ACT)"
3071:
2963:
2668:
2549:
2496:Columbia Business School Research Paper Series
2450:
2289:
2287:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1332:, leaving the basic regulatory framework was "
1296:Affordability of housing in the United Kingdom
1167:Landlord and Tenant (Amendment) Act 1948 (NSW)
4772:List of housing markets by real estate prices
4125:
3986:
3900:
3848:
3815:
3782:
3735:"Renters who needed to move couldn't qualify"
3645:
3189:
2994:
2791:
2643:
2104:
1762:
1702:"Residential Rent Control Law Guide By State"
1614:
676:
3573:Sagner, Pekka; Voigtländer, Michael (2022).
3407:Older Persons' Tenants Service (June 2014).
2604:
1889:. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. p. 31.
1763:Baumol, William J; Blinder, Alan S. (1994).
1720:
1292:History of rent control in England and Wales
3296:
3057:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3021:– via Cornell University Law Library.
2284:
1817:: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 374–377.
1689:
23:
4812:
4132:
4118:
3622:"Rented housing - Housing - Government.nl"
2932:
2905:
1790:
683:
669:
24:
4017:
3967:
3377:
3354:"Protected tenants face uncertain future"
2872:
2866:
2849:
2241:
2083:1983/e12d8c29-a7c0-4cea-ba0e-85363841d111
2081:
2071:
2032:1983/e12d8c29-a7c0-4cea-ba0e-85363841d111
2030:
2020:
1937:
1733:
1372:is an issue for each state. In 1921, the
1070:and enacted rent stabilization. In 1586,
883:, 93% "generally agreed" or "agreed with
4047:9(1) Journal of Economic Perspectives 99
3931:
3031:
2906:Delgadillo, Natalie (14 February 2018).
2760:
2758:
2674:
2456:
2420:
2220:American Institute for Economic Research
2056:"Rent regulation: unpacking the debates"
2005:"Rent regulation: unpacking the debates"
1615:Rent regulation#Forms of rent regulation
1311:
990:
758:
32:This is an accepted version of this page
3992:
3854:
3755:
3729:
3727:
3725:
3579:International Journal of Housing Policy
3528:International Journal of Housing Policy
3351:
2969:
2873:Robertson, Michelle (3 November 2017).
2610:
2293:
2210:
2060:International Journal of Housing Policy
2009:International Journal of Housing Policy
970:In 1994, San Francisco voters passed a
898:In a 2012 poll of 41 economists by the
14:
4832:
3968:Britschgi, Christian (22 March 2022).
3906:
3885:
3867:from the original on 13 September 2014
3821:
3788:
3463:"Indice de référence des loyers (IRL)"
3326:Tenants' Union of NSW (25 June 2023).
3273:"Residential Tenancies Act 2010 (NSW)"
3000:
2899:
2800:
2764:
2572:from the original on 12 September 2018
2393:
2329:
2280:from the original on 1 September 2006.
2229:from the original on 29 September 2017
2105:Gilderbloom, John I.; Ye, Lin (2007).
1881:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1620:
1581:Pender, Kathleen (10 September 2016).
1580:
1548:
1037:
4113:
3770:from the original on 21 February 2015
3321:
3319:
3225:ACT Civil and Administrative Tribunal
3096:
3094:
2938:
2920:from the original on 22 February 2018
2755:
2555:
2492:"Affordable Housing and City Welfare"
2438:from the original on 11 December 2016
2408:from the original on 23 December 2017
2360:
1973:from the original on 27 February 2010
1911:
1909:
1877:
1875:
1836:
1834:
1804:
1802:
1791:Cooter, Robert; Ulen, Thomas (1997).
1736:"Why Rent Control Is a Lightning Rod"
1677:from the original on 4 September 2020
1640:from the original on 16 February 2017
1542:
959:
4799:
3937:
3722:
3352:McKenny, Leesha (22 November 2012).
3163:
3145:from the original on 25 October 2022
3003:"Short History of Rent Control Laws"
2976:Stanford Graduate School of Business
2951:from the original on 1 February 2018
2887:from the original on 3 December 2017
2813:from the original on 2 December 2018
2734:National Bureau of Economic Research
2625:from the original on 7 December 2011
2516:
2213:"Rent Control: Do Economists Agree?"
1964:
1786:
1784:
1758:
1756:
1734:Dougherty, Conor (12 October 2018).
1300:Rent regulation in England and Wales
1162:Residential Tenancies Act 2010 (NSW)
1081:
1001:
4083:Kholodilin, Konstantin A. (2024). "
3993:Galioto, Katie (20 November 2021).
3646:Marc González (10 September 2020).
3271:NSW Legislation (13 January 2023).
2970:Andrews, Edmund (2 February 2018).
2779:from the original on 4 January 2018
2471:from the original on 16 August 2018
1967:"The pros and cons of rent control"
1965:Cruz, Christian (19 January 2009).
1958:
1652:
1595:from the original on 8 October 2016
820:"vacancy decontrol", also known as
56:
4757:Undergraduate real estate programs
4039:
4018:Callaghan, Peter (16 March 2022).
3907:Ingber, Sasha (27 February 2019).
3855:Bergman, Ben (12 September 2014).
3836:from the original on 30 April 2014
3789:Weiner, Aaron (12 December 2014).
3387:NSW Parliamentary Research Service
3316:
3091:
2743:from the original on 3 August 2018
2457:Matthews, Dylan (20 August 2013).
2394:Valdez, Roger (18 December 2017).
1906:
1872:
1866:
1859:
1831:
1799:
1557:from the original on 31 March 2012
1155:
259:Affordability in the United States
57:
4856:
4555:Investment rating for real estate
4098:
3946:from the original on 5 March 2019
3938:Njus, Elliot (28 February 2019).
3919:from the original on 6 March 2019
3822:Cutler, Kim-Mai (14 April 2014).
3756:Pereira, Ivan (11 January 2015).
2982:from the original on 9 March 2018
2801:Truong, Kevin (9 November 2017).
2611:Sawhill, Ray (10 November 1999).
2517:Sims, David P. (1 January 2007).
2375:from the original on 19 July 2015
2308:from the original on 6 April 2009
2211:Jenkins, Blair (1 January 2009).
1795:. Addison-Wesley. pp. 32–33.
1781:
1753:
1708:from the original on 13 June 2018
1549:Branco, Marc (20 February 2011).
1408:Frederik, Crown Prince of Denmark
1350:Rent control in the United States
1285:
805:"vacancy control", also known as
4811:
4798:
4786:
4785:
3861:Southern California Public Radio
3803:from the original on 26 May 2016
3378:Schneller, Edwina (March 2013).
2939:Misra, Tanvi (29 January 2018).
2765:Murphy, Katy (2 November 2017).
2342:from the original on 3 July 2015
2330:Tatian, Peter (2 January 2013).
2123:10.1111/j.1467-9906.2007.00334.x
1551:"Rent and Eviction Control Laws"
1490:
1343:
1085:
1005:
832:
648:
90:
4139:
3886:Dillon, Liam (8 October 2019).
3703:
3684:
3665:
3639:
3613:
3566:
3554:
3519:
3513:English translation available:
3507:
3481:
3455:
3429:
3400:
3371:
3345:
3290:
3264:
3238:
3212:
3183:
3157:
3120:
3101:ACT Government (1 April 2023).
3072:ACT Government (1 April 2023).
3065:
3025:
2825:
2807:American City Business Journals
2689:
2675:Rosalsky, Greg (5 March 2019).
2637:
2510:
2483:
2182:
2168:
2137:
2098:
2047:
1996:
1985:
1765:Economics Principles and Policy
906:that accompany such policies."
4712:Graduate real estate education
4157:Tertiary sector of the economy
3190:Legal Aid ACT (25 June 2023).
2361:Beyer, Scott (24 April 2015).
2332:"Is Rent Control Good Policy?"
1607:
1261:
1199:Residential Tenancies Act 2006
1131:, and the early stages of the
997:Office of Price Administration
843:Inequality of bargaining power
13:
1:
3591:10.1080/19491247.2022.2059844
3328:"Protected Tenants Infosheet"
3164:Clun, Rachel (25 June 2023).
2294:Krugman, Paul (7 June 2000).
2073:10.1080/19491247.2022.2089079
2022:10.1080/19491247.2022.2089079
1793:Law and Economics 2nd Edition
1536:
1364:Rent control in Massachusetts
1117:
881:American Economic Association
64:Rent control (disambiguation)
4666:Real estate investment trust
4271:Extraterrestrial real estate
4089:Journal of Housing Economics
2677:"The Return of Rent Control"
2556:Jaffe, Eric (9 April 2013).
2432:Initiative on Global Markets
2258:The American Economic Review
2162:10.1016/j.cities.2015.08.001
1467:In November 2021, voters in
1454:units were rent controlled.
1145:Australian Capital Territory
1139:Australian Capital Territory
1122:
1046:as early as 1470 to protect
900:Initiative on Global Markets
619:Residential treatment center
7:
4671:Real property administrator
4661:Real estate investment club
3032:z5076905 (29 August 2022).
2941:"Rent Control: a Reckoning"
2296:"Reckonings; A Rent Affair"
1665:"RENT CONTROL BY STATE LAW"
1588:The San Francisco Chronicle
1483:
1385:Chastleton Corp v. Sinclair
1077:
10:
4861:
4328:Private equity real estate
2523:Journal of Urban Economics
1395:Fisher v. City of Berkeley
1356:Rent control in California
1353:
1347:
1316:UK house prices 1975–2006.
1289:
1223:
1181:
986:
963:
836:
61:
4780:
4684:
4603:
4510:
4382:
4346:
4276:International real estate
4246:
4165:
4147:
4072:The Urban Housing Dilemma
3540:10.1080/14616710802037466
3358:The Sydney Morning Herald
3192:"Tenancy: Rent Increases"
3170:The Sydney Morning Herald
2772:The San Jose Mercury News
2535:10.1016/j.jue.2006.06.004
2194:The Urban Housing Dilemma
1969:. Global Property Guide.
1628:"PH6.1 RENTAL REGULATION"
1214:
1184:Rent regulation in Canada
1177:
1042:Rent control was used in
3441:South China Morning Post
3107:ACT Legislation Register
3078:ACT Legislation Register
3001:Willis, John W. (1950).
2838:American Economic Review
2192:(1966) and G Sternlieb,
2176:"Why Rent Control Works"
2111:Journal of Urban Affairs
1360:Rent control in New York
1304:Rent control in Scotland
1269:
1205:
920:Many economists suggest
754:
564:Healthy community design
39:latest accepted revision
4470:Real estate transaction
4359:Real estate development
2880:San Francisco Chronicle
1922:SSRN Electronic Journal
1887:Principles of Economics
1368:Rent regulation in the
1231:Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch
1188:Rent control in Ontario
4570:Real estate derivative
4530:Effective gross income
4296:Healthcare real estate
1471:passed a rent control
1413:As of 2018, 4 states (
1317:
999:
948:The Swedish economist
775:
319:Housing discrimination
289:Environmental security
4727:Industry trade groups
4631:Exclusive buyer agent
4585:Real estate valuation
4575:Real estate economics
4535:Gross rent multiplier
4364:Real estate investing
4266:Corporate Real Estate
3796:Washington City Paper
3737:. Mass Landlords, Inc
3467:www.service-public.fr
3416:Tenants' Union of NSW
3332:Tenants' Union of NSW
1553:. marcbrancolaw.com.
1469:Saint Paul, Minnesota
1315:
1172:Section 17A agreement
994:
879:, and members of the
762:
749:housing affordability
514:Alternative lifestyle
459:Real estate investing
454:Real estate economics
444:Real estate appraisal
182:Mixed-use development
4545:Highest and best use
4511:Economics, financing
4475:Real estate contract
4369:Real estate flipping
4338:Residential property
4281:Lease administration
4233:United Arab Emirates
2851:10.1257/aer.20181289
1930:10.2139/ssrn.4037381
1431:District of Columbia
1149:consumer price index
1054:. Since Jews in the
624:Retirement community
609:Psychiatric hospital
417:Society and politics
4525:Capitalization rate
4520:Asset-based lending
4354:Property management
4259:Commercial building
4254:Commercial property
2654:The Daily Telegraph
2464:The Washington Post
2434:. 7 February 2012.
1815:Hoboken, New Jersey
1613:See the section on
1334:freedom of contract
1038:Early modern Europe
926:government spending
839:Freedom of contract
195:(travellers' hotel)
29:Page version status
4845:Affordable housing
4752:Real estate trends
4656:Real estate broker
4626:Chartered Surveyor
4580:Real estate bubble
4560:Mortgage insurance
4393:Adverse possession
4316:Luxury real estate
4291:Garden real estate
3138:. pp. 28–31.
3129:"The Renting Book"
3007:Cornell Law Review
2301:The New York Times
1883:Mankiw, N. Gregory
1740:The New York Times
1526:Subsidized housing
1511:Housing inequality
1506:Affordable housing
1326:Conservative Party
1318:
1097:. You can help by
1017:. You can help by
1000:
960:California studies
776:
719:rent stabilization
655:Housing portal
634:Supportive housing
449:Real estate bubble
369:Subsidized housing
334:Housing inequality
35:
4827:
4826:
4465:Property abstract
4448:Land registration
4408:Concurrent estate
4333:Real estate owned
4323:Off-plan property
4301:Vacation property
4286:Niche real estate
3893:Los Angeles Times
3626:www.government.nl
3297:NSW Legislation.
3252:. 24 October 2022
2705:The Furman Center
2498:. Rochester, NY.
1896:978-1-305-58512-6
1852:978-0-07-290027-9
1473:ballot initiative
1133:COVID-19 pandemic
1115:
1114:
1035:
1034:
972:ballot initiative
922:housing subsidies
877:graduate students
826:second-generation
790:", also known as
766:decreases due to
693:
692:
344:Luxury apartments
264:Executive housing
47:17 September 2024
26:
16:(Redirected from
4852:
4815:
4814:
4802:
4801:
4789:
4788:
4732:Investment firms
4651:Property manager
4550:Home equity loan
4453:Leasehold estate
4413:Conditional sale
4134:
4127:
4120:
4111:
4110:
4034:
4033:
4015:
4009:
4008:
3990:
3984:
3983:
3965:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3951:
3935:
3929:
3928:
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3904:
3898:
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3876:
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3502:
3500:
3493:The Local France
3485:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3474:
3459:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3443:. 31 August 2021
3433:
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3187:
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3150:
3144:
3136:The Renting Book
3133:
3124:
3118:
3117:
3115:
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3098:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3069:
3063:
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2927:
2925:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2853:
2844:(9): 3365–3394.
2829:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2798:
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2784:
2762:
2753:
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2546:
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2507:
2487:
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2480:
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2418:
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2351:
2349:
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2327:
2318:
2317:
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2313:
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2282:
2281:
2279:
2254:
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2239:
2238:
2236:
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2228:
2217:
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2197:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2141:
2135:
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2102:
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2085:
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2045:
2044:
2034:
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1994:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1941:
1913:
1904:
1903:
1879:
1870:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1838:
1829:
1828:
1824:978-0470-04924-2
1813:(3rd ed.).
1806:
1797:
1796:
1788:
1779:
1778:
1760:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1731:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1704:. LandLord.com.
1698:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1676:
1669:
1661:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1639:
1632:
1624:
1618:
1617:for more detail.
1611:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1578:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1546:
1500:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1450:in 2014, 80% of
1374:US Supreme Court
1330:Housing Act 1988
1322:Housing Act 1980
1308:English land law
1129:Great Depression
1110:
1107:
1089:
1082:
1030:
1027:
1009:
1002:
800:first generation
772:consumer surplus
764:Producer surplus
685:
678:
671:
653:
652:
651:
639:Supported living
614:Residential care
589:Natural building
569:Homeless shelter
474:Right to housing
439:Rapid Re-Housing
394:Sustainable city
364:Subprime lending
349:Ownership equity
94:
71:
70:
21:
4860:
4859:
4855:
4854:
4853:
4851:
4850:
4849:
4840:Rent regulation
4830:
4829:
4828:
4823:
4776:
4680:
4599:
4540:Hard money loan
4512:
4506:
4487:Rent regulation
4378:
4342:
4242:
4161:
4143:
4138:
4101:
4042:
4040:Further reading
4037:
4016:
4012:
3991:
3987:
3966:
3959:
3949:
3947:
3936:
3932:
3922:
3920:
3905:
3901:
3884:
3880:
3870:
3868:
3853:
3849:
3839:
3837:
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3816:
3806:
3804:
3787:
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3773:
3771:
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3750:
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3733:
3732:
3723:
3708:
3704:
3689:
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3405:
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3391:
3389:
3382:
3376:
3372:
3362:
3360:
3350:
3346:
3336:
3334:
3324:
3317:
3307:
3305:
3303:NSW Legislation
3295:
3291:
3281:
3279:
3277:NSW Legislation
3269:
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1498:Housing portal
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1379:Block v. Hirsh
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1093:This section
1091:
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1072:Pope Sixtus V
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