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1139:" While to an extent this may be true, the same could be said of most eras until the early 20th century, the Neo-Renaissance in the hands of provincial architects did develop into a style not always instantly recognisable as a derivative of the Renaissance. In this less obvious guise the Neo-Renaissance was to provide an important undercurrent in totalitarian architecture of various countries, notably in
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able to give protection from the weather, giving the staircase the appearance of being in the true renaissance open style, when it was in fact a truly internal feature. Further and more adventurous use of glass also enabled the open and arcaded
Renaissance courtyards to be reproduced as lofty halls with glazed roofs. This was a feature at Mentmore Towers and on a far larger scale at the
1214:
259:
in the mid 19th century, it often materialized not just in its original form first seen in Italy, but as a hybrid of all its forms according to the whims of architects and patrons, an approach typical of the mid and late 19th century. Modern scholarship defines the styles following the
Renaissance as
800:
was to become one of the features of Neo-Renaissance design. It became a common feature for the staircase to be not just a feature of the internal architecture but also the external. But whereas at Blois the stairs had been open to the elements in the 19th century new and innovative use of glass was
784:
style coupled with a strong
Italian influence represented by arches, arcades, balustrading and, in general, a more flowing line of design than had been apparent in the earlier Gothic. The Chateau de Blois's triumphal staircase was imitated almost from the moment of its completion, and was certainly
1047:
period, which gave importance to the proportions and dignity of interiors, but still lost the comfort and internal convenience of the mannerist period. It was during the Neo-Renaissance period of the 19th century that the mannerist comforts were re-discovered and taken a step further. Not only did
942:
than anything found in a true
Renaissance Palazzo. The apparent Baroque style staircase at Mentmore is not without a Renaissance influence, its first flight is similar to "The staircase of the Giants" rises from the Doge's Palace Courtyard, designed when the Venetian Gothic was being uncomfortably
1060:
with the newly invented sheets of plate glass, providing the first "picture windows", but also the blending of architectural styles allowed interiors and exteriors to be treated differently. It was at this time that the concept of "furnishing styles" manifested itself, allowing distinctions to be
1038:
between the architect, who designed the exterior highly visible shell, and others—the artisans—who decorated and arranged the interior. The original
Italian mannerist house was a place for relaxation and entertaining, convenience and comfort of the interior being a priority; in the later Baroque
275:
Thus
Italian, French and Flemish Renaissance coupled with the amount of borrowing from these later periods can cause great difficulty and argument in correctly identifying various forms of 19th-century architecture. Differentiating some forms of French Neo-Renaissance buildings from those of the
863:
Gothic influences on both period and revived
Renaissance architecture are readily apparent, first as much building occurred during the period of transition from the Gothic to the Renaissance style; and also as Renaissance−era design took the form of the addition of Renaissance ornamentation to
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made between interior rooms and external appearances, and indeed between the various rooms themselves. Thus the modern concept of treating a room individually, and differently from its setting and neighbours, came into its infancy. Classic examples of this are the great
943:
merged with
Renaissance style. Similarly to that at Mentmore, the Staircase of the Giant's terminates on to an arcaded loggia. Perhaps not ironically the Hall and Staircase at Mentmore were designed by Paxton to display furniture formerly housed in the Doge's Palace.
516:(1851), "the Neo-Renaissance became the obligatory style for university and public buildings, for banks and financial institutions, and for the urban villas" in Germany. Among the most accomplished examples of the style were Villa Meyer in Dresden,
411:
whose work in the Neo-Renaissance style was popular in the US during the 1880s. Richardson's style at the end or the revival era was a severe mix of both
Romanesque and Renaissance features. This was exemplified by his "Marshall Field Warehouse" in
406:
above, high above this were a sequence of six tall arched windows and above these just beneath the slightly projecting roof were the small windows of the upper floor. This building foreshadows similar effects in the work of the
American architect
166:(1377–1446). Brunelleschi and his contemporaries wished to bring greater "order" to architecture, resulting in strong symmetry and careful proportion. The movement grew from scientific observations of nature, in particular, human anatomy.
868:
architecture, drawing instead on a variety of other classically based styles. However, there are exceptions and occasionally the two distinct styles are mixed. The sub-variety of Gothic design most frequently employed is floral
272:, but the architects of the mid 19th century understood them as part of a continuum, often simply called 'Italian', and freely combined them all, as well as Renaissance as it was first practiced in other countries.
383:'s panegyrics to architectural wonders of Venice and Florence in the 1850s contributed to shifting "the attention of scholars and designers, with their awareness heightened by debate and restoration work" from
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1160:
1034:
As mentioned above, the Neo-Renaissance style was in reality an eclectic blending of past styles, which the architect selected on the whims of his patrons. In the true Renaissance era there was a
555:, where whole streets and blocks were built in the so-called Neo-Renaissance style, in reality, a classicizing conglomeration of elements liberally borrowed from different historical periods.
477:
While the beginning of Neo-Renaissance period can be defined by its simplicity and severity, what came later was far more ornate in its design. This period can be defined by some of the great
805:, where the large glazed court contained a monumental staircase. The "Warsaw University of Technology staircase", though if Renaissance in spirit at all, is more in the lighter, more
1135:
In England it was so common that today one finds "Renaissance Italian Palazzi" serving as banks or municipal buildings in the centres of even the smallest towns. It has been said "
724:
mansions exemplify the ambitions of wealthy Americans in equaling and surpassing the ostentatious lifestyles of European aristocrats. During the latter half of the 19th century
864:
Gothic−era buildings thus creating an accretion of details from disparate sources. Architects who designed in the Renaissance Revival style usually avoided any references to
1154:
Neo-Renaissance architecture, because of its diversity, is perhaps the only style of architecture to have existed in so many forms, yet still common to so many countries.
1711:
105:. Self-applied style designations were rife in the mid- and later 19th century: "Neo-Renaissance" might be applied by contemporaries to structures that others called "
128:, has added to the difficulty of defining and recognizing Neo-Renaissance architecture. A comparison between the breadth of its source material, such as the English
1097:
By the beginning of the 20th century, Neo-Renaissance was a commonplace sight on the main streets of thousands of towns, large and small, around the world. In
1229:
1911:
390:
Like all architectural styles, the Neo-Renaissance did not appear overnight fully formed but evolved slowly. One of the first signs of its emergence was the
665:(1890–1892) were executed with emphasis on Florentine and Venetian décor. While the Neo-Renaissance is associated primarily with secular buildings, Princes
212:(1568–1580). Often these buildings had symmetrical towers which hint at the evolution from medieval fortified architecture. This is particularly evident at
1081:", and in the case of Mentmore Towers a huge central hall, resembling the arcaded courtyard of a Renaissance villa, conveniently glazed over, furnished in
2201:
1871:
1248:
489:. This ornate form of the Neo-Renaissance, originating from France, is sometimes known as the "Second Empire" style, by now it also incorporated some
2244:
994:
were redesigned in the Renaissance Revival style then popular in colonial India, though this version was remarkable in its unique design. Loggias of
611:
is an outstanding ensemble of Neo-Renaissance townhouses from the last decades of the 19th century. The most famous Hungarian architect of the age,
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feature introduced into the Renaissance Revival styles was the "imperial staircase" (a single straight flight dividing into two separate flights).
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to take "a story-by-story approach to façade ornamentation, in contrast to the classical method, where the façade was conceived as a unit."
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in 1584, thus demonstrating that architects wherever their location were selecting their Neo-Renaissance styles regardless of geography
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elements. By 1875 it had become the accepted style in Europe for all public and bureaucratic buildings. In England, where Sir
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cupola. This is why so many buildings of the early English Neo-Renaissance style often have more of a "castle air" than their
3195:
2828:
2237:
1718:
2724:
2114:
1978:
1925:
1706:
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First Congregational Church in Toledo, Ohio, 2019, built in the Italian Renaissance style and featuring windows created by
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Paris is home to many historicist buildings that partake equally from Renaissance and Baroque source material, such as the
2419:
634:, the most popular Russian architect of the time, used Italianate elements profusely for decorating some interiors of the
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roof. In what at first glance appears an Indian building, on closer examination shows a Historicist example of Classical
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2426:
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1962:
1559:
3205:
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367:. If a building were of several floors, the uppermost floor usually had small square windows representing the minor
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One of the most widely copied features of Renaissance architecture were the great staircases from the chateaux of
2702:
1693:
1537:
959:
923:
890:
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646:(1839–1844), with "the faceted rough-hewn stone of the first floor" reminiscent of 16th-century Italian palazzi.
298:
completed in 1913, in a heavy French Neo-Renaissance manner was one of the last notable buildings in this style.
170:
121:
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but which instead drew inspiration from a wide range of classicizing Italian modes. Under the broad designation
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2888:
2714:
2640:
2459:
2382:
1941:
1916:
1627:
842:
661:, the Neo-Renaissance was less prevalent than in the Northern capital, although interiors of the neo-Muscovite
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combined with the French Renaissance, a uniquely distinctive interpretation of the Renaissance Revival style.
169:
Neo-Renaissance architecture is formed by not only the original Italian architecture but by the form in which
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wing, completed in 1524, of which the staircase is an integral part was one of the earliest examples of
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225:
78:
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Reviving the Renaissance: The Use and Abuse of the Past in Nineteenth-Century Italian Art and Decoration
144:—all deemed "Renaissance"—illustrates the variety of appearances the same architectural label can take.
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features not found in the original Renaissance architecture which was often more severe in its design.
348:
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can at times be especially tricky, as both styles were simultaneously popular during the 19th century.
194:
74:
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1501:
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3084:
2940:
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2176:
1656:
1572:
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Il recupero del Rinascimento. Arte, politica e mercato nei primi decenni di Roma capitale (1870-1911)
1044:
689:
398:. It included a heavily rusticated ground floor, alleviated by one semicircular arch, with a curious
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305:
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during the 16th century. During the early years of the 16th century, the French were involved in the
70:
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2436:
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1597:
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159:
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82:
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of the original Renaissance designs. However, the Neo-renaissance style later came to incorporate
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but with ornament in the forms of pediments, arcades, shallow pilasters and entablatures from the
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2349:
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style, complete with the steeply pitched roofs and towers, as it was a reconstruction, completed
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The divergent forms of Renaissance architecture in different parts of Europe, particularly in
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completed in 1547. Variations of this design became a popular feature of the Neo-Renaissance.
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163:
94:
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8:
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in Series: Cambridge Studies in Italian History and Culture (Cambridge University Press)
1325:
Reviving the Renaissance: The Use and Abuse of the Past in Nineteenth-Century Italian Art
1240:
1125:
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influence on French Renaissance design. A basket-handle portal is surmounted by a floral
781:
773:
717:
429:
421:
269:
198:
704:, where it became a favourite domestic architectural style of the wealthiest Americans.
532:; the German version of Neo-Renaissance culminated in such projects as the Town Hall in
2992:
2935:
2553:
1723:
1035:
777:
592:
544:
323:(1829–1832). Other early but typical, domestic examples of the Neo-Renaissance include
221:
85:
19th-century architects and critics went beyond the architectural style which began in
1423:
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designed by Bronisław Rogóyski and Stefan Szyller (late 19th century), both rise from
608:
3149:
3142:
2950:
2690:
2675:
2604:
2548:
2151:
2009:
1861:
1830:
1568:
1545:
1525:
1511:
1493:
1372:
1348:
1328:
1086:
931:
786:
713:
693:
336:
320:
55:
736:, all designed in Neo-Renaissance styles. Most of these have since been demolished.
283:
As a consequence, a self-consciously "Neo-Renaissance" manner first began to appear
3069:
2685:
1876:
1779:
1754:
1617:
1474:"Ideals Versus Realities: Nineteenth-Century Decadent Identity and the Renaissance"
1236:
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Neo-Renaissance Russian style: a little recorded, Neo-Renaissance building showing
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761:
662:
654:
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627:
482:
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2004:
1957:
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1040:
919:
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650:
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437:
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324:
316:
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178:
51:
47:
32:
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1137:
It is a well-known fact that the nineteenth century had no art style of its own.
208:, the Renaissance tended to manifest itself in large square tall houses such as
28:
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1262:
865:
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498:
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213:
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110:
2130:
2030:
1820:
3184:
2855:
2788:
2761:
2531:
2025:
1896:
1840:
1500:. The first assessment of the Renaissance Revival in post-Unification Italy.
1023:
947:
797:
729:
701:
384:
332:
312:
248:
236:
133:
129:
90:
612:
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1784:
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to be decorated in strict imitation of the 16th-century Venetian churches.
580:
395:
295:
186:
174:
2222:
599:
many monumental public buildings were built in Neo-Renaissance style like
416:(completed in 1887, now demolished). Neo-Renaissance was adopted early in
2997:
2845:
2563:
2541:
1815:
1592:
1254:
1181:
1117:
1066:
1019:
979:
749:
478:
380:
364:
340:
391:
2865:
2850:
2171:
1891:
1856:
1825:
1173:
721:
517:
356:
244:
106:
3074:
2579:
1994:
1258:
1205:
998:
deceptively form an almost Indian appearance, yet they sit beneath a
915:
847:
587:, Netherlands, 1913. One of the last notable buildings in this style.
584:
513:
502:
291:
98:
1030:
were all features frequently reproduced in the 19th century revival.
1014:
983:
547:, the founder of the Viennese College of Arts and Crafts (today the
3043:
2982:
2915:
1641:
1587:
1027:
927:
785:
the predecessor of the "double staircase" (sometimes attributed to
780:. French renaissance architecture was a combination of the earlier
596:
509:
360:
339:
banking family. The style is characterized by original Renaissance
182:
86:
1534:, Cinisello Balsamo, Silvana Editoriale, 2020, ISBN 9788836645435.
930:
of true Renaissance courtyards. Both staircases seem more akin to
681:
669:
commissioned the interior of their palace church (1909–1916) near
501:
in this style between 1860 and 1875, it also incorporated certain
420:, often based directly on Italian Palazzi, first appearing in the
19:"Neo-Renaissance" redirects here. For the style of jewellery, see
2920:
1197:
1177:
1170:
1070:
999:
991:
733:
666:
533:
529:
490:
486:
413:
403:
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introduced the Neo-Renaissance to England with his design of the
205:
190:
102:
43:
1526:"History & styles: The other neo-styles of the 19th century"
880:
1201:
1082:
1078:
1053:
1043:
were secondary to outward appearance. This was followed by the
885:
832:
806:
670:
658:
552:
525:
417:
1108:. However, it was still extensively practiced in the 1910s in
224:
contemporaries, which can add again to the confusion with the
1049:
521:
399:
217:
125:
1057:
1026:: the curved staircase, tall segmented windows, and marble
856:
814:
543:
In Austria, it was pioneered by such illustrious names as
2279:
796:
A Grand Staircase whether based on that of Blois, or the
732:
was lined with "Renaissance" French chateaux and Italian
1048:
the improved building techniques of the 1850s allow the
255:
When the revival of Renaissance style architecture came
247:
Neo-Renaissance completed in 1854, derives motifs from
216:(1607–1612), where medieval towers jostle with a large
649:
The style was further elaborated by architects of the
394:
Women's Prison, which was erected in 1809 designed by
147:
97:; they also included styles that can be identified as
595:
in the 1870s and 1880s. In the fast-growing capital,
1101:
the Neo-Renaissance style began to fall from favour
1443:
1441:
1369:
Mapping St. Petersburg: Imperial Text and Cityshape
1077:, all with interiors ranging from "Versailles" to "
428:, then adopted as a state style under the reign of
16:Group of 19th-century architectural revival styles
485:'s Burgtheater in Vienna, and his Opera house in
3182:
1438:
1345:The Cambridge Companion to Modern German Culture
1009:
813:'s (named il Mascherino) staircase designed for
768:. Blois had been the favourite residence of the
591:Neo-Renaissance was also the favourite style in
290:. By 1890 this movement was already in decline.
851:This Renaissance Revival doorway illustrates a
387:and Gothic Revival to the Italian Renaissance.
231:
922:designed by Joseph Paxton, and the one at the
572:in an unequivocal French Neo-Renaissance style
93:in the early 15th century as an expression of
2238:
1553:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
881:Baroque influences on the Renaissance Revival
343:, taken from such Quattrocento architects as
1508:Wokół neorenesansu w architekturze XIX wieku
1085:style and heated by a fireplace designed by
970:
951:
935:
833:Gothic influences on the Renaissance Revival
638:(1837–1851). Another fashionable architect,
447:
171:Renaissance architecture developed in France
2252:
193:building was carried out using traditional
2245:
2231:
1560:
1546:
1297:
1363:
1361:
1013:
884:
846:
743:
680:
615:preferred Neo-Renaissance in his works.
575:
557:
551:). The style found particular favour in
456:
300:
235:
42:
27:
827:
177:, bringing back to France not just the
3183:
1476:. 2004-01. Accessed 10 November 2013.
1358:
618:In Russia, the style was pioneered by
2226:
1541:
1371:. Princeton University Press, 2004.
1347:. Cambridge University Press, 1999.
1327:. Cambridge University Press, 1997.
436:(1826–36), the Konigbau wing of the
268:, two very different, even opposing
1575:in architecture and decorative arts
1147:, as seen in some pavilions of the
1063:Rothschild house in Buckinghamshire
185:, but also stylistic ideas. In the
148:Origins of Renaissance architecture
13:
934:'s great Baroque staircase at the
653:(1867–1872) and culminated in the
14:
3227:
3216:20th-century architectural styles
3211:19th-century architectural styles
1482:
549:University of Applied Arts Vienna
3191:Renaissance Revival architecture
1247:
1228:
1213:
1189:
1159:
772:throughout the renaissance. The
720:in 1892; it and contemporaneous
676:
331:, both designed in the 1850s by
63:Renaissance Revival architecture
1466:
1454:
958:faithfully replicates the true
924:Warsaw University of Technology
891:Warsaw University of Technology
877:courtyard, built in the 1480s.
803:Warsaw University of Technology
540:in Berlin (completed in 1894).
3201:Victorian architectural styles
1488:Rosanna Pavoni, editor (1997)
1416:
1394:
1382:
1338:
1317:
1275:
843:Scottish baronial architecture
692:(United States), owned by the
69:") is a group of 19th-century
1:
2505:Anatolian Seljuk architecture
1269:
1102:
1010:Renaissance Revival interiors
963:
566:
284:
3196:Revival architectural styles
1310:Copplestone, Trewin (1963).
1176:of 1870, incorporating both
1149:All-Soviet Exhibition Centre
903:Baroque Revival architecture
243:in Buckinghamshire. English
232:Birth of the Neo-Renaissance
71:architectural revival styles
39:(Germany), completed in 1857
7:
1447:Dal Lago, Adalbert (1966).
839:Gothic Revival architecture
739:
605:Hungarian State Opera House
162:is generally accredited to
65:(sometimes referred to as "
10:
3232:
900:
836:
432:for such landmarks as the
151:
18:
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3011:
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2572:
2447:
2360:
2278:
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2139:
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2107:
2076:
2060:
2044:
2018:
1987:
1971:
1950:
1934:
1849:
1808:
1737:
1580:
1451:. Milan: Fratelli Fabbri.
1261:) from 1885, designed by
1092:
1089:for his house in Antwerp
971:
952:
712:, was a residence of the
690:Asheville, North Carolina
452:
448:Development and expansion
306:Prague's National Theatre
3206:Renaissance architecture
2207:Richardsonian Romanesque
1809:Germany, Austria-Hungary
1719:Spanish Colonial Revival
950:. However, the Parisian
793:just a few years later.
601:Saint Stephen's Basilica
347:. These motifs included
160:Renaissance architecture
154:Renaissance architecture
83:Renaissance architecture
2270:History of construction
2254:History of architecture
2115:Serbo-Byzantine Revival
2077:Russian Empire and USSR
2000:National Romantic style
1926:Black-and-white Revival
1391:retrieved 19 April 2006
1239:from 1886, designed by
1235:Neo-Renaissance-styled
1069:of various Renaissance
640:Andrei Stackenschneider
409:Henry Hobson Richardson
181:treasures as their war
54:(England), seat of the
2265:Architectural timeline
2197:Polish cathedral style
2162:Dutch Colonial Revival
1882:Indo-Saracenic Revival
1184:architectural features
1141:Stalinist architecture
1116:by such architects as
1075:English country houses
1031:
936:
898:
860:
757:
697:
642:, was responsible for
620:Auguste de Montferrand
588:
573:
474:
469:, Russia, redolent of
442:Bavarian State Library
309:
308:(Czech Republic), 1862
270:styles of architecture
252:
113:features are present (
59:
40:
21:Holbeinesque jewellery
2807:America and Australia
2427:Medieval Scandinavian
2182:Mediterranean Revival
2036:Soft Portuguese style
1979:Traditionalist School
1522:on the author's page.
1518:. General study. See
1222:Louis Comfort Tiffany
1122:Marian Peretyatkovich
1039:designs, comfort and
1017:
889:The staircase at the
888:
850:
747:
710:Newport, Rhode Island
684:
626:(1835), the first in
579:
563:Paris' Hôtel de Ville
561:
473:'s designs, 1867–1872
460:
359:and doors crowned by
304:
239:
46:
31:
3049:Critical regionalism
2147:American Renaissance
2089:Neoclassical Revival
1790:Louis Philippe style
1285:. Greatbuildings.com
828:Combined historicism
700:The style spread to
636:Grand Kremlin Palace
536:(1886–1897) and the
528:, Villa Meissner in
497:designed the London
495:George Gilbert Scott
355:, windows framed by
329:Château de Ferrières
226:Gothic Revival style
222:continental European
195:French Gothic styles
164:Filippo Brunelleschi
95:Renaissance humanism
2988:Stripped Classicism
2963:International style
2946:Rationalist-Fascist
2595:Portuguese Colonial
2345:Pre-Islamic Persian
2212:Territorial Revival
1795:Second Empire style
1667:Renaissance Revival
1472:Lessenich, Rolf P.
1426:. Aviewoncities.com
1389:Chateau de Chambord
1126:Francisco Tamburini
1073:, and 16th century
791:Château de Chambord
754:Château de Chambord
718:Richard Morris Hunt
524:, Palais Borsig in
481:of Europe, such as
440:(1825–35), and the
430:Ludwig I of Bavaria
422:Palais Leuchtenberg
335:for members of the
199:Italian Renaissance
138:Château de Chambord
73:which were neither
2993:Postconstructivism
2936:Streamline Moderne
1912:Romanesque Revival
1902:Queen Anne Revival
1724:Swiss chalet style
1694:Romanesque Revival
1402:"Chateau de Blois"
1367:Julie A. Buckler.
1312:World Architecture
1174:Semper Opera House
1036:division of labour
1032:
969:, of the previous
960:French Renaissance
899:
861:
778:French Renaissance
758:
698:
593:Kingdom of Hungary
589:
574:
545:Rudolf Eitelberger
508:Starting with the
475:
461:The façade of the
385:Late Neoclassicism
310:
253:
251:completed in 1588.
140:, and the Russian
60:
41:
3178:
3177:
2220:
2219:
2152:Collegiate Gothic
2010:Nordic Classicism
1942:Mycenaean Revival
1917:Scottish Baronial
1867:Edwardian Baroque
1862:Bristol Byzantine
1831:Nazi architecture
1628:French Provincial
1052:of formerly open
988:Writers' building
938:Würzburg Residenz
932:Balthasar Neumann
873:, as seen in the
822:Palazzo Quirinale
787:Leonardo da Vinci
752:staircase at the
714:Vanderbilt family
694:Vanderbilt family
56:Rothschild family
3223:
3070:Deconstructivism
2829:Spanish Colonial
2590:Spanish Colonial
2490:Western Chalukya
2298:Ancient Egyptian
2247:
2240:
2233:
2224:
2223:
2202:Queen Anne style
2157:Colonial Revival
2068:Romanian Revival
1988:Nordic countries
1877:Georgian Revival
1872:Egyptian Revival
1780:Directoire style
1755:Louis XIII style
1623:Egyptian Revival
1618:Carpenter Gothic
1562:
1555:
1548:
1539:
1538:
1506:Marek Zgórniak,
1477:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1445:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1424:"Hôtel de Ville"
1420:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1380:
1365:
1356:
1342:
1336:
1323:Rosanna Pavoni.
1321:
1315:
1308:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1279:
1251:
1237:Kuopio Town Hall
1232:
1217:
1193:
1167:Gottfried Semper
1163:
1110:Saint Petersburg
1107:
1104:
974:
973:
968:
965:
957:
956:
941:
657:(1885–1896). In
655:Stieglitz Museum
644:Mariinsky Palace
628:Saint Petersburg
571:
568:
483:Gottfried Semper
467:Saint Petersburg
402:style miniature
289:
286:
142:Palace of Facets
109:", or when many
3231:
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3224:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3181:
3180:
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3174:
3089:
3058:
3007:
2941:Totalitarianism
2931:New Objectivity
2872:
2725:Serbo-Byzantine
2720:Russo-Byzantine
2609:
2568:
2443:
2420:Islamic Persian
2356:
2274:
2256:
2251:
2221:
2216:
2187:Mission Revival
2135:
2119:
2103:
2094:Russian Revival
2072:
2056:
2040:
2014:
2005:Gustavian style
1983:
1967:
1958:Stile Umbertino
1946:
1930:
1845:
1804:
1770:Louis XVI style
1760:Louis XIV style
1733:
1652:Moorish Revival
1603:Baroque Revival
1598:Arts and Crafts
1576:
1566:
1510:, Kraków 1987.
1485:
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1286:
1283:"Wollaton Hall"
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1209:
1194:
1185:
1164:
1105:
1099:southern Europe
1095:
1041:interior design
1012:
966:
920:Mentmore Towers
905:
895:Baroque Revival
883:
871:Venetian Gothic
845:
835:
830:
811:Ottaviano Nonni
742:
679:
651:Vladimir Palace
632:Konstantin Thon
609:Andrássy Avenue
569:
463:Vladimir Palace
455:
450:
438:Munich Residenz
434:Alte Pinakothek
369:mezzanine floor
325:Mentmore Towers
317:Travellers Club
287:
241:Mentmore Towers
234:
179:Renaissance art
156:
150:
67:Neo-Renaissance
52:Buckinghamshire
48:Waddesdon Manor
33:Schwerin Palace
24:
17:
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2926:Constructivism
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2899:Prairie School
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2432:Pre-Romanesque
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2362:1st millennium
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2192:Pueblo Revival
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2052:Zakopane Style
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1765:Louis XV style
1762:
1757:
1752:
1750:Henry IV style
1747:
1745:Henry II style
1741:
1739:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1715:
1714:
1712:North American
1709:
1704:
1698:Second Empire
1696:
1691:
1689:Rococo Revival
1686:
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1644:
1635:
1633:Gothic Revival
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1484:
1483:External links
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1296:
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1263:Pierre Cuypers
1253:
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1241:F. A. Sjöström
1234:
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1204:influences in
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1008:
996:Serlian arches
972:Hôtel de Ville
954:Hôtel de Ville
893:, with strong
882:
879:
866:Gothic Revival
859:hood moulding.
834:
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829:
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686:Biltmore House
678:
675:
499:Foreign Office
454:
451:
449:
446:
426:Leo von Klenze
424:(1817–21), by
278:Gothic revival
233:
230:
214:Hatfield House
210:Longleat House
158:The origin of
152:Main article:
149:
146:
111:French Baroque
79:Gothic Revival
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2017:
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3085:Contemporary
3063:2000–present
3054:Neo-futurism
3034:Blobitecture
2861:Modern Style
2813:
2777:Neoclassical
2525:Indo-Islamic
2500:Great Seljuk
2485:Vijayanagara
2379:East Slavic
2293:Mesopotamian
2177:Jeffersonian
1995:Dragon style
1836:Resort style
1800:Belle Époque
1785:Empire style
1672:Châteauesque
1666:
1657:Neoclassical
1531:
1530:Paolo Coen,
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1045:Neoclassical
1033:
1028:balustrading
1004:Palladianism
986:of the 1777
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818:Gregory XIII
795:
770:French Kings
759:
716:designed by
706:The Breakers
699:
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581:Peace Palace
565:, completed
542:
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479:opera houses
476:
396:Peter Speeth
389:
365:entablatures
351:masonry and
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296:Peace Palace
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187:Loire valley
175:Italian Wars
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2998:PWA Moderne
2884:Rationalism
2846:Art Nouveau
2834:Territorial
2814:Renaissance
2798:Queen Anne
2671:Elizabethan
2564:Plateresque
2559:Renaissance
2542:Sondergotik
2437:Carolingian
2383:Kievan Rus'
2131:Neo-Mudéjar
2031:Neo-Mudéjar
1972:Netherlands
1821:Gründerzeit
1816:Biedermeier
1593:Art Nouveau
1569:Historicism
1460:Sotheby's.
1355:. Page 283.
1255:Rijksmuseum
1182:Renaissance
1118:Leon Benois
1106: 1900
1020:Renaissance
980:British Raj
967: 1880
897:influences.
750:Renaissance
696:, 1888–1895
570: 1880
444:(1831–43).
381:John Ruskin
357:architraves
288: 1840
37:Mecklenburg
3185:Categories
3155:Portuguese
3029:Postmodern
2978:Organicism
2866:Modernisme
2851:Jugendstil
2710:Revivalism
2698:Industrial
2681:Portuguese
2455:Romanesque
2350:Achaemenid
2172:Greco Deco
1892:Jacobethan
1826:Jugendstil
1729:Vernacular
1677:Italianate
1608:Beaux-Arts
1573:Revivalism
1335:. Page 73.
1270:References
901:See also:
837:See also:
820:at Rome's
726:5th Avenue
722:Gilded Age
613:Miklós Ybl
518:Villa Haas
505:features.
373:Romanesque
349:rusticated
337:Rothschild
245:Jacobethan
189:a wave of
132:, Italian
107:Italianate
3116:Dravidian
3075:Neomodern
3039:High-tech
3019:Brutalism
3012:1950–2000
2956:Stalinist
2889:Mycenaean
2877:1900–1950
2715:Byzantine
2691:Ukrainian
2676:Naryshkin
2641:Edwardian
2614:1750–1900
2585:Palladian
2580:Manueline
2573:1500–1750
2448:1000–1500
2388:Muscovite
2375:Byzantine
2323:Classical
2311:Mycenaean
2288:Neolithic
2099:Stalinist
1857:Adamesque
1314:. Hamlyn.
1259:Amsterdam
1206:Yaroslavl
928:pastiches
916:staircase
907:A common
809:style of
789:) at the
774:Francis I
663:City Duma
585:The Hague
538:Reichstag
514:Sanssouci
503:Palladian
361:pediments
321:Pall Mall
292:The Hague
262:Mannerist
99:Mannerist
3128:Japanese
3106:Colonial
3094:Regional
3044:Arcology
2983:Art Deco
2973:Futurism
2916:De Stijl
2819:Romanian
2737:Egyptian
2732:Colonial
2686:Siberian
2496:Islamic
2465:Ottonian
2460:Galician
2370:Sasanian
2338:Herodian
2318:Etruscan
2019:Portugal
1707:European
1642:Neo-Grec
1588:Art Deco
1520:abstract
1462:Mentmore
1208:, Russia
1083:Venetian
1071:chateaux
807:columned
766:Chambord
740:Features
603:and the
597:Budapest
510:orangery
400:Egyptian
392:Würzburg
327:and the
257:en vogue
87:Florence
3165:Spanish
3160:Russian
3101:Chinese
2921:Bauhaus
2824:Russian
2802:Britain
2784:Moorish
2767:Baroque
2757:Mission
2703:British
2666:Petrine
2661:Maltese
2656:Italian
2646:English
2621:Baroque
2520:Ottoman
2515:Timurid
2480:Hoysala
2476:Indian
2415:Fatimid
2410:Abbasid
2405:Moorish
2400:Umayyad
2395:Islamic
2302:Aegean
2061:Romania
1907:Regency
1430:11 June
1408:11 June
1289:11 June
1198:Baroque
1178:Baroque
1171:Dresden
1143:of the
1130:picture
1067:hybrids
1054:loggias
1050:glazing
1000:mansard
992:Kolkata
984:façades
978:In the
909:Baroque
734:palazzi
667:Yusupov
622:in the
534:Hamburg
530:Leipzig
491:Baroque
487:Dresden
471:Alberti
414:Chicago
404:portico
377:Baroque
345:Alberti
266:Baroque
218:Italian
206:England
191:chateau
103:Baroque
3170:Somali
3150:Newari
3133:Korean
3111:Indian
3003:Googie
2909:Cubism
2894:Modern
2794:Pueblo
2772:Rococo
2742:Gothic
2651:French
2626:Andean
2600:Mughal
2537:Gothic
2510:Mamluk
2470:Norman
2306:Minoan
2108:Serbia
2045:Poland
1935:Greece
1738:France
1702:French
1514:
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1202:Rococo
1093:Legacy
1087:Rubens
1079:Medici
1058:arches
1022:: The
853:Gothic
782:Gothic
671:Moscow
659:Moscow
553:Vienna
526:Berlin
453:Europe
418:Munich
353:quoins
341:motifs
122:France
58:, 1874
3121:Hindu
2839:Tudor
2747:Mayan
2636:Dutch
2631:Czech
2554:Aztec
2549:Incan
2124:Spain
1963:Milan
1951:Italy
1124:, or
1018:True
762:Blois
522:Hesse
183:booty
126:Italy
3143:Maya
2951:Nazi
2605:Sikh
1571:and
1512:ISBN
1494:ISBN
1432:2011
1410:2011
1373:ISBN
1349:ISBN
1329:ISBN
1291:2011
1200:and
1180:and
1112:and
1056:and
914:The
857:ogee
841:and
815:Pope
764:and
375:and
363:and
264:and
124:and
89:and
77:nor
2280:BCE
1169:'s
1132:).
990:in
918:at
728:in
708:in
688:in
583:in
520:in
512:of
465:in
294:'s
204:In
117:).
101:or
50:in
35:in
3187::
1924:/
1640:/
1440:^
1360:^
1299:^
1151:.
1120:,
1103:c.
1065:,
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748:A
607:.
567:c.
319:,
285:c.
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2239:t
2232:v
1561:e
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1379:.
1293:.
1257:(
1128:(
23:.
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