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992:(Al Ikhwan al Muslimin). Originally the Muslim Brotherhood, often known simply as the Brotherhood, was conceived as a religious revivalist movement that sought to return to the fundamentals of Islam in a way that would be compatible with the technological innovations introduced from the West. Disciplined, highly motivated, and well-financed the Brotherhood became a powerful political force during the 1970s and 1980s, although it represented only a small minority of Sudanese. In the government that was formed in June 1989, following a bloodless coup d'Ă©tat, the Brotherhood exerted influence through its political wing, the
515:
761:
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985:). The ambitions and varying political perspectives of different members of the family have led to internal conflicts, and it appeared that Sadiq al-Mahdi, the putative leader of the Ansar since the early 1970s, did not enjoy the unanimous support of all Mahdists. Mahdist family political goals and ambitions seemed to have taken precedence over the movement's original religious mission. The modern-day Ansar were thus loyal more to the political descendants of the Mahdi than to the religious message of Mahdism.
788:
726:(literally friend of God, but in this context translated as saint). The tomb and other places associated with the saintly being become the loci of the person's baraka, and in some views he or she becomes the guardian spirit of the locality. The intercession of the wali is sought on a variety of occasions, particularly by those seeking cures or by barren women desiring children. A saint's annual holy day is the occasion of a local festival that may attract a large gathering.
907:
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41:
903:). Mirghani had been a student of Sayyid Ahmad ibn Idris and had joined several important orders, calling his own order the seal of the paths (Khatim at Turuq—hence Khatmiyyah). The salient features of the Khatmiyyah are the extraordinary status of the Mirghani family, whose members alone may head the order; loyalty to the order, which guarantees paradise; and the centralized control of the order's branches.
581:
1228:
754:) include reciting prayers and passages of the Qur'an and repeating the names, or attributes, of God while performing physical movements according to the formula established by the founder of the particular order. Singing and dancing may be introduced. The outcome of an exercise, which lasts much longer than the usual daily prayer, is often a state of ecstatic abandon.
1104:) may be considered indicative of the evil eye, any persons expressing undue interest in the private concerns of another may be suspected of inflicting deliberate harm by a glance. Unlike most witchcraft, where the perpetrator is known by and often close to the victim, the evil eye is usually attributed to strangers. Children are thought to be the most vulnerable.
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spirits rather than to the high god. Such spirits may be perceived as forces of nature or as manifestations of ancestors. Spirits may intervene in people's lives, either because individuals or groups have transgressed the norms of the society or because they have failed to pay adequate attention to the ritual that should be addressed to the spirits.
950:, was founded in the late nineteenth century. It has been likened to a religious order, but it is not a tariqa in the traditional sense. Mahdism and its adherents, the Ansar, sought the regeneration of Islam, and in general were critical of the turuq. Muhammad Ahmad ibn as Sayyid Abd Allah, a faqih, proclaimed himself to be
918:
State and its greatest following in eastern Sudan and in portions of the riverine area. The
Mirghani family were able to turn the Khatmiyyah into a political power base, despite its broad geographical distribution, because of the tight control they exercised over their followers. Moreover, gifts from
828:
The principal turuq varies considerably in their practice and internal organization. Some orders are tightly organized in a hierarchical fashion; others have allowed their local branches considerable autonomy. There may be as many as a dozen Turuq in Sudan. Some are restricted to that country; others
599:
to Mecca is less costly and arduous for the
Sudanese than it is for many Muslims. Nevertheless, it takes time (or money if travel is by air), and the ordinary Sudanese Muslim has generally found it difficult to accomplish, rarely undertaking it before middle age. Some have joined pilgrimage societies
1095:
The concept of a high spirit or divinity, usually seen as a creator and sometimes as ultimately responsible for the actions of lesser spirits, is common to most
Sudanese groups. Often the higher divinity is remote, and believers treat the other spirits as autonomous, orienting their rituals to these
717:
is of considerable importance, although some
Muslims would reject it. The development of the cult is closely related to the presence of the religious orders; many who came to be considered saints on their deaths were founders or leaders of religious orders who in their lifetimes were thought to have
697:
and cures. His blessing may be asked at births, marriages, deaths, and other important occasions, and he may participate in wholly non-Islamic harvest rites in some remote places. All of these functions and capacities make the faqih the most important figure in popular Islam. But he is not a priest.
1111:
specialists—diviners and sorcerers—deal with these matters in
Sudanese societies. The diviner is able to determine whether witchcraft or sorcery is responsible for the affliction and to discover the source. He also protects and cures by providing amulets and other protective devices for a fee or by
1087:
or part of a group, although several groups may share elements of belief and ritual because of common ancestry or mutual influence. The group serves as the congregation, and an individual usually belongs to that faith by virtue of membership in the group. Believing and acting in a religious mode is
576:
and larger towns manage to pray five times a day: at dawn, noon, mid afternoon, sundown, and evening. The well-to-do perform little work during
Ramadan, and many businesses close or operate on reduced schedules. In the early 1990s, its observance appeared to be widespread, especially in urban areas
501:
Sunni Islam in Sudan is not marked by a uniform body of belief and practice, however. Some
Muslims opposed aspects of Sunni orthodoxy, and rites having a non-Islamic origin were widespread, being accepted as if they were integral to Islam, or sometimes being recognized as separate. A great majority
1701:
Though that list includes some dictatorships, the country that appears to most frequently condemn atheists to death for their beliefs is actually a democracy, if a frail one: Pakistan. Others include Saudi Arabia, Iran, Afghanistan, Sudan, the West
African state of Mauritania, and the Maldives, an
1129:
The true number of atheists or agnostics in Sudan is unknown, due to fear and prejudice suffered by non-Muslims. Prior to July 2020, when Sudan's law against apostasy was repealed, atheists faced the death penalty if they were born to a Muslim father, or had accepted Islam at some point and then
729:
Better-educated
Muslims in Sudan may participate in prayer at a saint's tomb but argue that prayer is directed only to God. Many others, however, see the saint not merely as an intercessor with and an agent of God, but also as a nearly autonomous source of blessing and power, thereby approaching
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may be called in. In some groups these tasks may be accomplished by the same person; in others, the degree of specialization may be greater. In northern Sudan among Muslim peoples, the faqih may spend more of his time as the diviner, dispenser of amulets, healer, and exorcist than as Qur'anic
645:
In Sudan (until 1983) modern criminal and civil, including commercial, law generally prevailed. In the north, however, the sharia was expected to govern what is usually called family and personal law, i.e., matters such as marriage, divorce, and inheritance. In the towns and in some sedentary
934:
Most other orders were either smaller or less well organized than the
Khatmiyyah. Moreover, unlike many other African Muslims, Sudanese Muslims did not all seem to feel the need to identify with one or another tariqa, even if the affiliation were nominal. Many Sudanese Muslims preferred more
1099:
The notions of sorcery are to be found in varying forms among peoples, including nomadic and other Arabs, who consider themselves Muslims. A specific belief widespread among Arabs and other Muslim peoples is the notion of the evil eye. Although a physiological peculiarity of the eye
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to the strongly legalistic orientation of mainstream Islam. These orders first came to Sudan in the sixteenth century and became significant in the eighteenth. Sufism seeks its adherents a closer personal relationship with God through special spiritual disciplines. The exercises (or
607:(also known as Id al Kabir), representing the sacrifice made during the last days of the pilgrimage. The centerpiece of the day is the slaughter of a sheep, which is distributed to the poor, kin, neighbors, and friends, as well as the immediate family.
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600:
into which members pay a small amount monthly and choose one of their number when sufficient funds have accumulated to send someone on the pilgrimage. A returned pilgrim is entitled to use the honorific title hajj or hajjih for a woman.
888:, who died in 1837. Although he lived in Arabia and never visited Sudan, his students spread into the Nile Valley establishing indigenous Sudanese orders which include the Majdhubiyah, the Idrisiyah, the Ismailiyah, and the Khatmiyyah.
880:. Later on, a class of Tijani merchants arose as markets grew in towns and trade expanded, making them less concerned with providing religious leadership. Of greater importance to Sudan was the tariqa established by the followers of
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religion and insists that there can be no intercessors between an individual and God. Nevertheless, Sudanese Islam includes a belief in spirits as sources of illness or other afflictions and in magical ways of dealing with them. The
738:
Islam made its deepest and longest lasting impact in Sudan through the activity of the Islamic religious brotherhoods or orders. These orders emerged in the Middle East in the twelfth century in connection with the development of
1038:, which the Sudanese government retained for the region's mineral wealth, remain particularly subject to persecution. The Sudanese government's military actions against the Nuba people have been labeled ethnic cleansing.
824:
and learning initially looked askance at Sufism and the Sufi orders, but the leaders of Sufi orders in Sudan have won acceptance by acknowledging the significance of the sharia and not claiming that Sufism replaces it.
837:. Several Turuq, for all practical purposes independent, are offshoots of older orders and were established by men who altered in major or minor ways the tariqa of the orders to which they had formerly been attached.
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1034:'s influence is still marginally present in Sudan, with several hundred thousand remaining adherents. In 2011, the predominantly Christian areas in South Sudan seceded to form a new country. Christians in the
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1272:
693:(pl., fuqaha), although a faqih need not be an imam. In addition to teaching in the local Qur'anic school (khalwa), the faqih is expected to write texts (from the Qur'an) or magical verses to be used as
613:
imposes a standard of conduct encouraging generosity, fairness, and honesty towards other Muslims. Sudanese Arabs, especially those who are wealthy, are expected by their coreligionists to be generous.
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There were approximately 1.1 million Catholics in (pre-partition) Sudan, about 3.2 percent of the total population. Sudan forms one ecclesiastical province, consisting of one archdiocese (the
657:
imposed the sharia throughout the land, eliminating the civil and penal codes by which the country had been governed in the twentieth century. Traditional Islamic punishments were imposed for
973:
In the century since the Mahdist uprising, the neo-Mahdist movement, and the Ansar, supporters of Mahdism from the west, have persisted as a political force in Sudan. Many groups, from the
1513:
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continued to compose a substantial portion of the regions' population up until the nineteenth century, when most were converted to Islam under the Mahdist state (1881-1898). The
981:, supported this movement. The Ansar were hierarchically organized under the control of Muhammad Ahmad's successors, who have all been members of the Mahdi family (known as the
919:
followers over the years have given the family and the order the wealth to organize politically. This power did not equal, however, that of the Mirghanis' principal rival, the
661:, and other crimes. The zealousness with which these punishments were carried out contributed to the fall of Nimeiri. Minority rights are severely restricted under Sharia.
3145:
2338:
966:(Jesus) and the impending end of the world. In anticipation of Judgment Day, it was essential that the people return to a simple and rigorous, even puritanical Islam (see
970:). The idea of the coming of a Mahdi has roots in Sunni Islamic traditions. The issue for Sudanese and other Muslims was whether Muhammad Ahmad was, in fact, the Mahdi.
1092:
in Sudan are not systematized, in that the people do not generally attempt to put together in a coherent fashion the doctrines they hold and the rituals they practice.
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of a mosque is a prayer leader and preacher of sermons. He may also be a teacher and in smaller communities combines both functions. In the latter role, he is called a
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in the twelfth century and introduced into Sudan in the sixteenth. The Qadiriyah's principal rival and the largest tariqa in the western part of the country was the
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continued to compose a substantial portion of the regions' population up until the nineteenth century, when almost all of them were forcibly converted to
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722:, a state of blessedness implying a spiritual power inherent in the religious office. Baraka intensifies after death as the deceased becomes a
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part of daily life and is linked to the social, political, and economic actions and relationships of the group. The beliefs and practices of
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helping a victim punish (in occult fashion) the sorcerer in order to be cured of the affliction. If it is thought that an evil spirit has
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is deeply embedded in popular Islam, and the amulets prepared by the faqih are intended to protect their wearers against these dangers.
1751:
307:
954:("the awaited guide in the right path"), the messenger of God and representative of the Prophet Muhammad, an assertion that became an
935:
political movements that sought to change Islamic society and governance to conform to their own visions of the true nature of Islam.
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Up until 2010 (before the secession of South Sudan in 2011), the country was 80% Muslim; as of 2015, the proportion grew to 97%. Most
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is the largest minority faith in country accounting for around 5.4% of the population. A substantial population of the adherents of
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A movement that spread widely in Sudan in the 1960s, responding to the efforts to secularize Islamic society, was the
872:(a narrow band of savanna bordering the southern Sahara, stretching across Africa). Many Tijani became influential in
698:
His religious authority is based on his putative knowledge of the Qur'an, the sharia, and techniques for dealing with
2168:
2118:
2213:
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247:
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820:) is the basis for the formation of particular orders, each of which is also called a tariqa. The specialists in
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or are heavily influenced by it, making Sudan one of the most tolerant Muslim majority countries in the world.
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threats to health and well-being. The notion that the words of the Qur'an will protect against the actions of
59:
3222:
3115:
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899:, it became the best organized and most politically oriented and powerful of the turuq in eastern Sudan (see
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for those able to perform it, to participate in the special rites that occur during the twelfth month of the
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895:(or Mirghaniyah after the name of the order's founder). Established in the early nineteenth century by
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1361:, World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - Sudan : Copts, 2008, available at:
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In July 2020, a number of these laws were repealed, including the one that had provided for the
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local custom was likely to prevail – particularly with respect to inheritance.
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1346:"Islamic world at decisive point in history: Will it take the path of Emirates or Turkey?"
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1071:). The vast majority of Sudan's Catholics ended up in South Sudan after the partition.
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is His messenger." It is the first step in becoming a Muslim. The second obligation is
101:
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at the time of the arrival of Islam in the seventh and eighth century. The indigenous
525:
Sunni Islam requires of the faithful five fundamental obligations that constitute the
3448:
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1664:"Sharia in Sudan v. women and religious freedom | Washington Times Communities"
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1998:
1980:
1945:
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1542:"Darfur Redux: Is 'Ethnic Cleansing' Occurring in Sudan's Nuba Mountains? - TIME"
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communities sharia was accepted, but in other sedentary communities and among
3536:
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2423:
2398:
2183:
2101:
2096:
1970:
1960:
1920:
1890:
1875:
1619:
1490:"The Martyrs of Sudan: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow | 50 Days of Fabulous"
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1900:
1880:
1616:"Sudanese centre says incidents of apostasy, atheism increasing in country"
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or profession of faith is the affirmation "There is no deity but God, and
3125:
2448:
2393:
1965:
1940:
1930:
1885:
1413:
1173:
996:(NIF) party, which included several cabinet members among its adherents.
834:
623:
604:
479:
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1514:"Crisis in Sudan: Allegations of Ethnic Cleansing in the Nuba Mountains"
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in the north and the official laws and policies of the government favor
572:
are born to the faith and meet the first requirement. Many males in the
365:
1925:
1686:"The seven countries where the state can execute you for being atheist"
1169:
1101:
978:
892:
596:
589:
491:
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1332:"Sudan separates religion from state ending 30 years of Islamic rule"
853:
841:
744:
1567:"Structured View of Dioceses in Africa [Catholic-Hierarchy]"
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Ways exist to protect oneself against sorcery or the evil eye. Many
2993:
1160:
Although the 2005 Interim National Constitution (INC) provides for
1117:
900:
877:
707:
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have developed other ways of making money available to the public.
534:
530:
518:
421:
from 7th century onwards, with the southernmost of these kingdoms,
384:
370:
226:
1318:"Sudan ends 30 years of Islamic law by separating religion, state"
891:
Much different in organization from the other brotherhoods is the
868:, which eventually penetrated Sudan in about 1810 via the western
3038:
2019:
1975:
1950:
1231:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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1400:"Sudan - World Directory of Minorities & Indigenous Peoples"
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among the Ansar. He was sent, he said, to prepare the way for
2050:
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931:, who drove the Egyptian administration from Sudan in 1885.
580:
1382:"Sudan scraps apostasy law and alcohol ban for non-Muslims"
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686:
554:
546:
923:, or followers of the Mahdi, whose present-day leader was
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The Khatmiyyah had its center in the southern section of
713:
In Sudan as in much of African Islam, the cult of the
603:
Another ceremony commonly observed is the great feast
398:
practiced by around 90.7% of the nation's population.
977:
cattle nomads to the largely sedentary tribes on the
425:, surviving until 1504. Nevertheless, the indigenous
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1719:
QuickLists > Compare Nations > Religions >
1438:"Sudan reforms strict Islamist laws after 30 years"
840:The oldest and most widespread of the turuq is the
1363:http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49749ca6c.html
1721:. The Association of Religion Data Archives. 2010
1414:"Salafis vs Sufis: A Simmering Conflict in Sudan"
733:
3534:
2337:
1591:"Sudan's president warns of tighter Islamic law"
1265:Pew-Telmpleton: Global Religious Futures Project
1476:Freedom of Religion and Belief: A World Report.
1463:Freedom of Religion and Belief: A World Report.
413:kingdoms in modern day Sudan were bastions of
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1666:. Communities.washingtontimes.com. 2013-11-24
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1752:"20050316_Sudan_Draft_Constitutional_Text"
1059:St. Matthew's Catholic Cathedral, Khartoum
876:, and other adherents settled in northern
417:, but were increasingly threatened by the
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672:, the renouncement of Islam by a Muslim.
539:prayer at five specified times of the day
2199:Conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile
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1014:A fresco showing the birth of Jesus, in
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905:
730:"popular" as opposed to orthodox Islam.
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448:missionaries in the early 20th century.
444:was reintroduced to the country through
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1539:
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486:, with the vast majority following the
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1740:The ARDA website, retrieved 2024-04-29
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1121:teacher, imam of a mosque, or mystic.
638:is also forbidden by Islamic law, but
577:and among sedentary Sudanese Muslims.
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2023:
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805:Sufis performing a ritual in Khartoum
2956:Traditional African religions portal
2209:Second Transitional Military Council
1640:"Sudan: A misconception of apostasy"
1149:
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1032:Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria
810:A mystical or devotional way (sing.
2164:First Transitional Military Council
1359:Minority Rights Group International
675:
13:
2049:
1702:island nation in the Indian Ocean.
323:Religion in Sudan (2020 estimate)
14:
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2219:2019–2021 transition to democracy
1164:throughout the entire country of
1067:) and one suffragan diocese (the
3487:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
3208:Democratic Republic of the Congo
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2214:Transitional Sovereignty Council
1684:Fisher, Max (10 December 2012).
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1416:. Al Akhbar English. 2012-03-14
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1298:www.globalreligiousfutures.org
1294:"Religions in Sudan | PEW-GRF"
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1261:"Religions in Sudan | PEW-GRF"
734:Movements and religious orders
502:of Muslims in Sudan adhere to
1:
3116:Traditional African religions
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1124:
547:fasting during daylight hours
351:Traditional African religions
1540:Boswell, Alan (2011-06-14).
1488:Brock, Laurie (2013-05-16).
1156:Freedom of religion in Sudan
626:Sudanese Muslims do not eat
7:
3268:Ivory Coast (CĂ´te d'Ivoire)
2989:Traditional Berber religion
1715:"Most Hindu Nations (2010)"
1183:
1133:
942:A Mahdist in Omdurman, 1936
897:Muhammad Uthman al Mirghani
10:
3559:
3524:African diaspora religions
2077:Pre-independence governors
1153:
1051:Roman Catholicism in Sudan
1048:
1003:
498:schools are also present.
467:
359: Others / None (1.0%)
3520:
3425:
3144:
2974:Ancient Egyptian religion
2940:
2876:
2787:
2688:
2679:
2609:
2600:
2498:
2489:
2257:
2248:
2107:Anglo-Egyptian occupation
2067:
2058:
1991:
1868:
1811:
1244:Federal Research Division
659:theft, adultery, homicide
3193:Central African Republic
1210:Catholic Church in Sudan
1083:is unique to a specific
1022:Sudan was predominantly
946:One of these movements,
927:, the great-grandson of
793:A dervish from the 1920s
529:. The first pillar, the
451:
177:List of Sudanese singers
154:List of Sudanese writers
2149:National Reconciliation
1368:17 October 2012 at the
1065:Archdiocese of Khartoum
553:. The fifth requires a
381:St. Matthew's Cathedral
2189:United Nations Mission
1571:Catholic-hierarchy.org
1215:Protestantism in Sudan
1060:
1019:
994:National Islamic Front
943:
911:
882:Sayyid Ahmad ibn Idris
743:, a reaction based in
592:
545:. The fourth requires
522:
465:
387:
373:
3353:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
3343:Republic of the Congo
2563:Native administration
2169:Coalitions/Bashir Era
2082:Pre and early history
1805:Demographics of Sudan
1593:. CNN. Archived from
1200:Christianity in Sudan
1058:
1013:
1006:Christianity in Sudan
941:
909:
858:Sidi Ahmed al-Tidjani
618:Islam in Sudanese law
583:
527:Five Pillars of Islam
517:
478:are adherents of the
459:
379:
368:
132:Christianity in Sudan
1597:on December 23, 2010
1195:Sunni Islam in Sudan
1168:, the INC enshrined
1102:walleye or cross-eye
1090:indigenous religions
1075:Indigenous religions
952:al-Mahdi al-Muntazar
630:nor do they consume
541:. The third enjoins
243:World Heritage Sites
3109:Serer creation myth
2322:Non-marine molluscs
1690:The Washington Post
1348:. 6 September 2020.
1334:. 7 September 2020.
1320:. 6 September 2020.
1269:Pew Research Center
1180:in Sudan of today.
1162:freedom of religion
1081:indigenous religion
1069:diocese of El Obeid
653:In September 1983,
622:In accordance with
521:Main Mosque in 1936
415:Coptic Christianity
170:and performing arts
3094:Malagasy mythology
3004:Bushongo mythology
2934:Religion in Africa
2662:Telecommunications
2097:Turkish occupation
1519:The New York Times
1474:Sheen, J. (1997).
1461:Sheen, J. (1997).
1205:Orthodoxy in Sudan
1146:in the year 2020.
1061:
1020:
990:Muslim Brotherhood
944:
912:
856:, a sect begun by
846:Abdul Qadir Jilani
829:are widespread in
781:A Dancing dervish
593:
523:
466:
404:traditional faiths
388:
374:
3543:Religion in Sudan
3530:
3529:
3436:other territories
3223:Equatorial Guinea
3121:Tumbuka mythology
3084:Lugbara mythology
3069:Khoe/San religion
3014:Dahomean religion
2900:
2899:
2872:
2871:
2675:
2674:
2638:(former currency)
2596:
2595:
2533:Foreign relations
2485:
2484:
2467:
2466:
2360:
2359:
2339:Natural disasters
2244:
2243:
2229:October 2021 coup
2194:Nomadic conflicts
2119:Independent Sudan
2017:
2016:
1992:Foreign nationals
1565:Cheney, David M.
1478:Routledge, p. 75.
1465:Routledge, p. 76.
1150:Religious freedom
1045:Roman Catholicism
1028:Coptic Christians
960:the second coming
490:school, although
430:Coptic Christians
419:Islamic expansion
406:is also present.
392:religion in Sudan
369:A Sufi ritual in
318:
317:
3550:
3146:Sovereign states
3089:Maasai mythology
3074:Lotuko mythology
2964:Akamba mythology
2958:
2953:
2952:
2927:
2920:
2913:
2904:
2903:
2885:
2686:
2685:
2652:
2639:
2607:
2606:
2496:
2495:
2362:
2361:
2335:
2334:
2255:
2254:
2154:Second Civil War
2065:
2064:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2021:
2020:
1798:
1791:
1784:
1775:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1758:on June 10, 2007
1754:. Archived from
1748:
1742:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1698:
1696:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1671:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1650:
1636:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1626:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1577:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1527:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1485:
1479:
1472:
1466:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1434:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1378:
1372:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1271:. Archived from
1257:
1247:
1230:
1229:
1142:, Sudan had 864
1109:magico-religious
1024:Coptic Christian
956:article of faith
802:
790:
778:
763:
676:Other influences
570:Sudanese Muslims
549:in the month of
476:Sudanese Muslims
460:Sudan is mostly
358:
348:
338:
328:
310:
303:
296:
60:Economic history
43:
34:
32:Culture of Sudan
18:
17:
3558:
3557:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3548:
3547:
3533:
3532:
3531:
3526:
3516:
3435:
3430:
3421:
3140:
3131:Yoruba religion
3099:Mbuti mythology
3054:Isoko mythology
2984:Bantu mythology
2954:
2947:
2936:
2931:
2901:
2896:
2888:
2881:
2868:
2783:
2671:
2650:
2637:
2592:
2588:State Governors
2481:
2463:
2356:
2333:
2240:
2124:First Civil War
2054:
2048:
2018:
2013:
1987:
1864:
1807:
1802:
1772:
1771:
1761:
1759:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1738:
1734:
1724:
1722:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1694:
1692:
1682:
1678:
1669:
1667:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1648:
1646:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1624:
1622:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1600:
1598:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1575:
1573:
1563:
1559:
1550:
1548:
1538:
1534:
1525:
1523:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1498:
1496:
1486:
1482:
1473:
1469:
1460:
1456:
1447:
1445:
1436:
1435:
1428:
1419:
1417:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1402:. 19 June 2015.
1398:
1397:
1393:
1388:. 12 July 2020.
1380:
1379:
1375:
1370:Wayback Machine
1357:
1353:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1302:
1300:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1278:
1276:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1239:Country Studies
1236:
1227:
1223:
1186:
1172:as a source of
1158:
1152:
1136:
1127:
1077:
1053:
1047:
1041:
1008:
1002:
962:of the Prophet
806:
803:
794:
791:
782:
779:
770:
764:
736:
678:
620:
512:
472:
454:
363:
362:
361:
360:
356:
354:
346:
344:
336:
334:
326:
314:
285:
284:
280:National anthem
265:
264:
255:
254:
238:
237:
221:
220:
201:
200:
189:
188:
172:
171:
159:
158:
149:
148:
137:
136:
122:
121:
96:
95:
84:
83:
72:
71:
55:
54:
30:
12:
11:
5:
3556:
3546:
3545:
3528:
3527:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3508:
3506:Western Sahara
3503:
3496:
3490:
3483:
3477:
3470:
3464:
3458:
3452:
3446:
3443:Canary Islands
3439:
3437:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3148:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3104:Serer religion
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3079:Lozi mythology
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3029:Efik mythology
3026:
3024:Dogon religion
3021:
3019:Dinka religion
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2994:Bono mythology
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2960:
2959:
2944:
2942:
2938:
2937:
2930:
2929:
2922:
2915:
2907:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2887:
2886:
2878:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2835:
2834:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2793:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2772:Public toilets
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2703:Child marriage
2700:
2689:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2646:
2641:
2633:
2628:
2627:
2626:
2616:
2610:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2585:
2583:Vice President
2580:
2575:
2573:Prime Minister
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2552:September Laws
2545:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2499:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2444:South Kordofan
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2414:North Kordofan
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2389:Central Darfur
2386:
2381:
2376:
2370:
2368:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2347:Climate change
2343:
2341:
2332:
2331:
2330:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2258:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2234:2023 Civil war
2231:
2226:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2144:Communist coup
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2053: articles
2047:
2046:
2039:
2032:
2024:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1956:Sudanese Arabs
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1856:
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1850:
1845:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1817:
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1809:
1808:
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1800:
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1786:
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1769:
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1706:
1676:
1655:
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1607:
1582:
1557:
1532:
1522:. 24 June 2011
1505:
1480:
1467:
1454:
1426:
1405:
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1373:
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1337:
1323:
1309:
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1249:
1248:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1190:Islam in Sudan
1185:
1182:
1154:Main article:
1151:
1148:
1135:
1132:
1130:renounced it.
1126:
1123:
1076:
1073:
1049:Main article:
1046:
1043:
1036:Nuba Mountains
1004:Main article:
1001:
998:
929:Muhammad Ahmad
925:Sadiq al-Mahdi
910:Muhammad Ahmad
808:
807:
804:
797:
795:
792:
785:
783:
780:
773:
771:
765:
758:
735:
732:
677:
674:
666:death sentence
619:
616:
563:lunar calendar
511:
508:
470:Islam in Sudan
468:Main article:
453:
450:
355:
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335:
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319:
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165:
164:
161:
160:
157:
156:
150:
144:
143:
142:
139:
138:
135:
134:
129:
127:Islam in Sudan
123:
117:
116:
115:
112:
111:
105:
104:
98:
97:
94:
93:
85:
79:
78:
77:
74:
73:
70:
69:
62:
56:
50:
49:
48:
45:
44:
36:
35:
27:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3555:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3525:
3519:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3497:
3494:
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3489:
3488:
3484:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3475:
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3468:
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3462:
3459:
3456:
3453:
3450:
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3444:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3424:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3263:Guinea-Bissau
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3137:
3136:Zulu religion
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
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3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3039:Igbo religion
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2969:Akan religion
2967:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2957:
2951:
2946:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2928:
2923:
2921:
2916:
2914:
2909:
2908:
2905:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2884:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2786:
2780:
2777:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2720:Ethnic groups
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2687:
2684:
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2678:
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2665:
2663:
2660:
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2655:
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2647:
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2642:
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438:Mahdist State
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3427:Dependencies
3387:
3378:South Africa
3368:Sierra Leone
3173:Burkina Faso
3009:Christianity
2979:Baháʼà Faith
2802:Architecture
2751:
2710:Demographics
2624:Central Bank
2538:Human rights
2513:Constitution
2439:South Darfur
2409:North Darfur
2092:Islamization
1916:Dar Fur Daju
1838:Christianity
1812:
1760:. Retrieved
1756:the original
1746:
1735:
1725:February 20,
1723:. Retrieved
1718:
1709:
1700:
1693:. Retrieved
1689:
1679:
1668:. Retrieved
1658:
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1634:
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1610:
1599:. Retrieved
1595:the original
1585:
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1570:
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1545:
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1524:. Retrieved
1517:
1508:
1497:. Retrieved
1493:
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1446:. Retrieved
1444:. 2020-07-12
1441:
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1385:
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1297:
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1273:the original
1264:
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1137:
1128:
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1098:
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1085:ethnic group
1078:
1062:
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1000:Christianity
987:
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827:
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811:
809:
749:
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728:
712:
704:evil spirits
682:monotheistic
679:
663:
652:
644:
621:
609:
602:
594:
567:
524:
510:Five pillars
500:
473:
464:(baby blue).
442:Christianity
409:The ancient
408:
400:Christianity
391:
389:
341:Christianity
322:
275:Coat of arms
248:
182:
118:
89:
65:
15:
3383:South Sudan
3126:Waaqeffanna
2859:Photography
2854:Decorations
2614:Agriculture
2542:LGBT rights
2503:Ambassadors
2449:West Darfur
2394:East Darfur
2312:Butterflies
2139:Nimeiry Era
1848:Catholicism
1695:16 December
1174:legislation
884:, known as
844:founded by
835:Middle East
680:Islam is a
624:Islamic law
216:Photography
3522:See also:
3513:(Tanzania)
3500:Somaliland
3493:St. Helena
3457:(Portugal)
3432:autonomies
3363:Seychelles
3323:Mozambique
3308:Mauritania
3293:Madagascar
3248:The Gambia
3188:Cape Verde
3044:Irreligion
2839:Literature
2725:minorities
2651:(currency)
2568:Parliament
2523:Corruption
2459:White Nile
2429:River Nile
2379:Al Qadarif
2009:Pakistanis
1853:Protestant
1670:2013-11-28
1649:2014-05-18
1644:Al Jazeera
1625:2013-11-06
1601:2013-11-06
1576:2016-03-09
1551:2016-03-09
1526:2016-03-09
1499:2016-03-09
1494:50days.org
1448:2020-07-26
1420:2016-03-09
1303:2020-07-26
1279:2020-07-26
1221:References
1125:Irreligion
979:White Nile
916:Ash Sharqi
893:Khatmiyyah
605:Id al Adha
597:pilgrimage
590:Port Sudan
555:pilgrimage
543:almsgiving
482:branch of
436:under the
206:Television
146:Literature
3313:Mauritius
2941:Religions
2762:Squatting
2737:Languages
2715:Education
2667:Transport
2631:Companies
2578:President
2528:Elections
2472:Districts
2384:Blue Nile
2282:Volcanoes
2272:Mountains
2250:Geography
2204:2019 coup
2174:1989 coup
2159:1985 coup
2134:1969 coup
2129:1958 coup
1896:Beni-Amer
1813:Religions
1762:March 15,
1114:possessed
1018:cathedral
854:Tijaniyah
842:Qadiriyah
745:mysticism
236:Monuments
102:Languages
3537:Category
3511:Zanzibar
3482:(France)
3474:Puntland
3463:(France)
3418:Zimbabwe
3393:Tanzania
3238:Ethiopia
3233:Eswatini
3213:Djibouti
3183:Cameroon
3168:Botswana
3034:Hinduism
2999:Buddhism
2892:Category
2817:Clothing
2752:Religion
2747:Refugees
2698:Polygamy
2693:Marriage
2657:Taxation
2558:Military
2548:Islamism
2491:Politics
2419:Northern
2404:Khartoum
2327:Reptiles
2287:Wildlife
2102:Mahdiyya
2087:Medieval
2072:Timeline
1981:Rashaida
1976:Bedouins
1946:Magyarab
1843:Orthodox
1442:BBC News
1386:BBC News
1366:Archived
1184:See also
1134:Hinduism
1118:exorcist
968:Mahdiyah
901:Turkiyah
878:Kurdufan
708:evil eye
670:apostasy
535:Muhammad
531:shahadah
519:Omdurman
446:European
385:Khartoum
371:Omdurman
119:Religion
23:a series
21:Part of
3480:RĂ©union
3469:(Spain)
3467:Melilla
3461:Mayotte
3455:Madeira
3451:(Spain)
3445:(Spain)
3403:Tunisia
3373:Somalia
3358:Senegal
3338:Nigeria
3328:Namibia
3318:Morocco
3283:Liberia
3278:Lesotho
3228:Eritrea
3203:Comoros
3178:Burundi
3153:Algeria
3064:Judaism
3059:Jainism
2883:Outline
2832:History
2789:Culture
2767:Toilets
2757:Slavery
2681:Society
2619:Banking
2602:Economy
2508:Cabinet
2424:Red Sea
2399:Kassala
2297:Mammals
2262:Geology
2112:History
2060:History
2004:Koreans
1951:Nubians
1936:Hedareb
1891:Bishari
1170:Shari'a
975:Baqqara
948:Mahdism
886:Al Fasi
866:Morocco
850:Baghdad
833:or the
768:dervish
720:barakah
706:or the
695:amulets
655:Nimeiri
632:alcohol
586:minaret
551:Ramadan
492:Shafi'i
333:(90.7%)
263:Symbols
109:Cuisine
52:History
3413:Zambia
3408:Uganda
3348:Rwanda
3298:Malawi
3258:Guinea
3158:Angola
2822:Emblem
2812:Cinema
2797:Anthem
2732:Health
2649:Pound
2644:Energy
2636:Dinar
2477:Cities
2434:Sennar
2374:Gezira
2366:States
2352:Floods
2307:Horses
2277:Rivers
1999:Greeks
1961:Ababda
1876:Amdang
1235:.
1144:Hindus
983:ashraf
874:Darfur
862:Tijani
831:Africa
816:; pl.
813:tariqa
741:Sufism
700:occult
648:nomads
574:cities
504:Sufism
496:Hanafi
488:Maliki
462:Maliki
427:Nubian
423:Alodia
411:Nubian
357:
353:(2.9%)
349:
347:
343:(5.4%)
339:
337:
329:
327:
211:Cinema
81:People
25:on the
3449:Ceuta
3434:, and
3388:Sudan
3333:Niger
3288:Libya
3273:Kenya
3253:Ghana
3243:Gabon
3218:Egypt
3163:Benin
3049:Islam
2864:Sport
2849:Music
2844:Media
2779:Women
2518:Coups
2317:Moths
2302:Birds
2292:Fauna
2267:Lakes
2179:RCCNS
2051:Sudan
1911:Copts
1906:Burun
1901:Berta
1881:Baygo
1826:Sunni
1821:Islam
1178:Islam
1166:Sudan
1079:Each
1016:Faras
921:Ansar
870:Sahel
818:turuq
751:dhikr
715:saint
691:faqih
636:Usury
611:Islam
568:Most
559:Mecca
484:Islam
480:Sunni
452:Islam
434:Islam
396:Islam
331:Islam
227:Sport
198:Media
168:Music
3495:(UK)
3398:Togo
3303:Mali
3198:Chad
2827:Flag
2742:LGBT
1966:Amri
1941:Maba
1931:Gula
1921:Doms
1886:Beja
1860:Jews
1831:Shia
1764:2012
1727:2022
1697:2012
1546:Time
1140:ARDA
724:wali
687:imam
668:for
628:pork
595:The
494:and
270:Flag
249:more
183:more
90:more
66:more
2807:Art
1926:Fur
964:Isa
864:in
860:at
848:in
588:in
565:.
557:to
394:is
383:in
3539::
1717:.
1699:.
1688:.
1642:.
1618:.
1569:.
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1516:.
1492:.
1440:.
1429:^
1384:.
1296:.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
