158:
142:
115:
129:
184:
98:
109:
1439:
159:
199:
occur, because they differ by no more than one accidental. Relative keys are the most closely related, as they share exactly the same notes. The major key and the minor key also share the same set of chords. In every major key, the triad built on the first degree (note) of the scale is major, the
200:
second and third are minor, the fourth and fifth are major, the sixth minor and the seventh is diminished. In the relative minor, the same triads pertain. Because of this, it can occasionally be difficult to determine whether a particular piece of music is in a major key or its relative minor.
143:
216:; The last note/chord also tends to be the tonic. A "raised 7th" is also a strong indication of a minor scale (instead of a major scale): For example, C major and A minor both have no sharps or flats in their key signatures, but if the note G
116:
85:
For example, F major and D minor both have one flat in their key signature at B♭; therefore, D minor is the relative minor of F major, and conversely F major is the relative major of D minor. The tonic of the relative minor is the
94:
degree of the minor scale. The minor key starts three semitones below its relative major; for example, A minor is three semitones below its relative, C major.
1028:. Thus, e.g. the relative of C major is A minor (no sharps or flats in either key signature); the relative major of A minor is C major.
1783:
1677:
1720:
1343:
982:
208:
To distinguish a minor key from its relative major, one can look to the first note/chord of the melody, which usually is the
1811:
1243:
1017:
1160:
1070:
1175:
1586:
1185:
1170:
931:
1414:
1024:
The key which shares the same key signature but not the same first degree with another scale is called
1140:
1713:
1200:
1180:
43:
equivalent), meaning that they share all of the same notes but are arranged in a different order of
1165:
1190:
179:
between the second and third chords. This modulation does not require a change of key signature.
1848:
1560:
1457:
1205:
1155:
128:
227:
1877:
1872:
1841:
1358:
1313:
1287:
1195:
183:
1706:
1581:
1565:
1399:
1063:
132:
8:
1748:
1150:
1145:
192:
1776:
1636:
1601:
1555:
196:
51:. A pair of major and minor scales sharing the same key signature are said to be in a
1527:
1448:
1383:
1013:
978:
943:
927:
989:
D flat major and a minor scale that have the same key signature are said to be in a
1741:
1596:
1532:
1485:
1270:
1117:
239:
213:
108:
167:
with PAC) transitions from FM to its relative minor dm through the inflection of C
1820:
1769:
1547:
1419:
1363:
1323:
1297:
1238:
1122:
1112:
1056:
926:. Similar terminology is used in most Germanic and Slavic languages, but not in
187:
Relative major and minor scales on C and A with shared notes connected by lines.
1755:
1687:
1682:
1522:
1517:
1424:
1228:
1215:
90:
scale degree of the major scale, while the tonic of the relative major is the
1866:
1834:
1804:
1591:
1537:
1509:
1465:
1438:
1378:
1373:
1333:
1132:
1094:
1079:
889:
878:
821:
810:
759:
709:
665:
209:
72:
68:
36:
97:
1790:
1641:
1495:
1368:
1353:
1338:
1318:
1292:
1259:
948:
918:
541:
509:
471:
432:
421:
376:
365:
314:
303:
152:
76:
105:
The relative relationship may be visualized through the circle of fifths.
1729:
1656:
1651:
1626:
1621:
1480:
1348:
1328:
1282:
1223:
1107:
1102:
1005:
60:
32:
28:
1646:
1490:
1470:
1233:
87:
44:
40:
1762:
1631:
1254:
48:
1827:
1672:
1499:
1404:
223:
1475:
1409:
754:
704:
660:
633:
628:
607:
602:
587:
582:
572:
567:
552:
520:
482:
226:) occurs frequently in a melody, then this melody is likely in A
91:
1698:
238:
A complete list of relative minor/major pairs in order of the
20:
1033:
1048:
203:
1012:(3rd ed.). Holt, Rinehart, and Wilson. p. 9.
1864:
67:of a minor key, is the key which has the same
16:Major and minor scales with same key signature
1714:
1064:
101:Circle of fifths showing major and minor keys
1039:
977:. Vol. I. McGraw-Hill. pp. 33–35.
972:
1721:
1707:
1071:
1057:
968:
966:
964:
222:(the seventh note in A minor raised by a
182:
127:
107:
96:
1865:
961:
1702:
1052:
1004:
204:Distinguishing on the basis of melody
13:
934:is derived from the relative key.
112:Relative tonic chords on C and A (
14:
1889:
1437:
82:, which shares the same tonic.)
1728:
998:
903:
195:, the keys between which most
1:
954:
930:. Adding to the confusion, a
975:Music in Theory and Practice
888:
877:
820:
809:
758:
753:
708:
703:
664:
659:
632:
627:
606:
601:
586:
581:
571:
566:
551:
540:
519:
508:
481:
470:
431:
420:
375:
364:
313:
302:
191:Relative keys are a type of
7:
937:
10:
1896:
1161:Dominant seventh flat five
1078:
1736:
1665:
1614:
1574:
1546:
1508:
1456:
1446:
1435:
1392:
1306:
1268:
1214:
1131:
1093:
1086:
137:Du grosser Schmerzensmann
75:. (This is as opposed to
1040:Benward & Saker 2003
1678:Chord names and symbols
973:Benward; Saker (2003).
233:
1812:Names and translations
1561:Secondary leading-tone
230:, instead of C major.
188:
180:
125:
102:
59:of a particular major
991:relative relationship
214:dominant (fifth note)
186:
131:
111:
100:
53:relative relationship
1566:Secondary supertonic
193:closely related keys
133:Chromatic modulation
139:, BWV 300, m. 5-6 (
35:that have the same
1637:Chord-scale system
1556:Secondary dominant
189:
181:
126:
103:
1860:
1859:
1784:Music in all keys
1696:
1695:
1610:
1609:
1528:Chromatic mediant
1433:
1432:
1384:Viennese trichord
984:978-0-07-294262-0
944:Chromatic mediant
928:Romance languages
901:
900:
1885:
1851:
1844:
1837:
1830:
1823:
1814:
1807:
1800:
1793:
1786:
1779:
1772:
1765:
1758:
1751:
1744:
1742:Circle of fifths
1723:
1716:
1709:
1700:
1699:
1454:
1453:
1441:
1249:
1248:
1206:Harmonic seventh
1176:Diminished major
1091:
1090:
1073:
1066:
1059:
1050:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1002:
996:
995:
970:
895:
894:
884:
883:
875:
874:
869:
868:
863:
862:
857:
856:
851:
850:
845:
844:
839:
838:
827:
826:
816:
815:
807:
806:
801:
800:
795:
794:
789:
788:
783:
782:
777:
776:
765:
764:
751:
750:
745:
744:
739:
738:
733:
732:
727:
726:
715:
714:
701:
700:
695:
694:
689:
688:
683:
682:
671:
670:
657:
656:
651:
650:
645:
644:
625:
624:
619:
618:
599:
598:
564:
563:
547:
546:
538:
537:
532:
531:
515:
514:
506:
505:
500:
499:
494:
493:
477:
476:
468:
467:
462:
461:
456:
455:
450:
449:
438:
437:
427:
426:
418:
417:
412:
411:
406:
405:
400:
399:
394:
393:
382:
381:
371:
370:
362:
361:
356:
355:
350:
349:
344:
343:
338:
337:
332:
331:
320:
319:
309:
308:
300:
299:
294:
293:
288:
287:
282:
281:
276:
275:
270:
269:
264:
263:
245:
244:
240:circle of fifths
221:
220:
178:
177:
172:
171:
166:
165:
164:
162:
150:
149:
148:
146:
123:
122:
121:
119:
71:but a different
1895:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1847:
1840:
1833:
1826:
1819:
1810:
1803:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1775:
1770:Major and minor
1768:
1761:
1754:
1749:Closely related
1747:
1740:
1732:
1727:
1697:
1692:
1661:
1606:
1570:
1542:
1504:
1442:
1429:
1420:Synthetic chord
1388:
1359:Northern lights
1324:Complexe sonore
1302:
1288:Augmented sixth
1276:
1274:
1264:
1246:
1245:
1239:Upper structure
1210:
1196:Altered seventh
1191:Augmented minor
1186:Augmented major
1171:Half-diminished
1127:
1082:
1077:
1047:
1046:
1038:
1034:
1020:
1003:
999:
985:
971:
962:
957:
940:
906:
892:
891:
881:
880:
872:
871:
866:
865:
860:
859:
854:
853:
848:
847:
842:
841:
836:
835:
824:
823:
813:
812:
804:
803:
798:
797:
792:
791:
786:
785:
780:
779:
774:
773:
762:
761:
748:
747:
742:
741:
736:
735:
730:
729:
724:
723:
712:
711:
698:
697:
692:
691:
686:
685:
680:
679:
668:
667:
654:
653:
648:
647:
642:
641:
622:
621:
616:
615:
596:
595:
561:
560:
544:
543:
535:
534:
529:
528:
512:
511:
503:
502:
497:
496:
491:
490:
474:
473:
465:
464:
459:
458:
453:
452:
447:
446:
435:
434:
424:
423:
415:
414:
409:
408:
403:
402:
397:
396:
391:
390:
379:
378:
368:
367:
359:
358:
353:
352:
347:
346:
341:
340:
335:
334:
329:
328:
317:
316:
306:
305:
297:
296:
291:
290:
285:
284:
279:
278:
273:
272:
267:
266:
261:
260:
236:
218:
217:
206:
175:
174:
169:
168:
160:
157:
156:
144:
141:
140:
117:
114:
113:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1893:
1892:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1838:
1831:
1824:
1817:
1816:
1815:
1801:
1794:
1787:
1780:
1773:
1766:
1759:
1756:Diatonic scale
1752:
1745:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1726:
1725:
1718:
1711:
1703:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1683:List of chords
1680:
1675:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1552:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1514:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1462:
1460:
1451:
1444:
1443:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1400:Mixed interval
1396:
1394:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1279:
1277:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1220:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1137:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1099:
1097:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1076:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1053:
1045:
1044:
1042:, p. 243.
1032:
1018:
997:
983:
959:
958:
956:
953:
952:
951:
946:
939:
936:
932:parallel chord
914:Paralleltonart
905:
902:
899:
898:
887:
876:
831:
830:
819:
808:
769:
768:
757:
752:
719:
718:
707:
702:
675:
674:
663:
658:
637:
636:
631:
626:
611:
610:
605:
600:
591:
590:
585:
580:
576:
575:
570:
565:
556:
555:
550:
539:
524:
523:
518:
507:
486:
485:
480:
469:
442:
441:
430:
419:
386:
385:
374:
363:
324:
323:
312:
301:
256:
255:
252:
249:
248:Key signature
235:
232:
228:harmonic minor
205:
202:
80:minor or major
65:relative major
57:relative minor
41:enharmonically
37:key signatures
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1891:
1890:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1850:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1836:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1799:
1795:
1792:
1788:
1785:
1781:
1778:
1774:
1771:
1767:
1764:
1760:
1757:
1753:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1735:
1731:
1724:
1719:
1717:
1712:
1710:
1705:
1704:
1701:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1592:Primary triad
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1501:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1272:
1267:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1074:
1069:
1067:
1062:
1060:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1041:
1036:
1029:
1027:
1021:
1019:0-03-020756-8
1015:
1011:
1010:Tonal Harmony
1007:
1001:
994:
992:
986:
980:
976:
969:
967:
965:
960:
950:
947:
945:
942:
941:
935:
933:
929:
925:
924:Varianttonart
921:
920:
915:
911:
897:
886:
833:
832:
829:
818:
771:
770:
767:
756:
721:
720:
717:
706:
677:
676:
673:
662:
639:
638:
635:
630:
613:
612:
609:
604:
593:
592:
589:
584:
578:
577:
574:
569:
558:
557:
554:
549:
526:
525:
522:
517:
488:
487:
484:
479:
444:
443:
440:
429:
388:
387:
384:
373:
326:
325:
322:
311:
258:
257:
253:
250:
247:
246:
243:
241:
231:
229:
225:
215:
211:
201:
198:
194:
185:
163:
154:
147:
138:
134:
130:
120:
110:
106:
99:
95:
93:
89:
83:
81:
79:
74:
70:
69:key signature
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
25:relative keys
22:
1878:Chromaticism
1873:Musical keys
1797:
1496:Leading-tone
1273: /
1260:Tone cluster
1141:Leading-tone
1035:
1025:
1023:
1009:
1006:Forte, Allen
1000:
990:
988:
974:
949:Mode (music)
923:
919:parallel key
917:
913:
910:relative key
909:
907:
237:
207:
190:
153:half cadence
136:
104:
84:
77:
64:
56:
52:
33:minor scales
24:
18:
1842:Transposing
1821:Theoretical
1730:Musical key
1481:Subdominant
1344:Grandmother
1201:Nondominant
1181:Minor-major
908:In German,
904:Terminology
197:modulations
45:whole steps
1867:Categories
1849:Instrument
1777:Modulation
1615:Techniques
1602:Substitute
1597:Subsidiary
1533:Neapolitan
1491:Submediant
1471:Supertonic
1244:Dominant 7
1234:Thirteenth
1166:Diminished
1118:Diminished
955:References
254:Minor key
251:Major key
135:in Bach's
49:half steps
1805:Signature
1763:Homotonal
1632:Chordioid
1548:Secondary
1364:Petrushka
1298:Seven six
1255:Polychord
1123:Suspended
1113:Augmented
63:, or the
1828:Tonality
1798:Relative
1791:Parallel
1673:Arpeggio
1587:Contrast
1523:Borrowed
1518:Approach
1500:Subtonic
1486:Dominant
1458:Diatonic
1449:function
1405:Secundal
1307:Specific
1247:♯
1229:Eleventh
1216:Extended
1156:Dominant
1026:relative
1008:(1979).
938:See also
916:, while
893:♯
882:♯
873:♯
867:♯
861:♯
855:♯
849:♯
843:♯
837:♯
825:♯
814:♯
805:♯
799:♯
793:♯
787:♯
781:♯
775:♯
763:♯
749:♯
743:♯
737:♯
731:♯
725:♯
713:♯
699:♯
693:♯
687:♯
681:♯
669:♯
655:♯
649:♯
643:♯
623:♯
617:♯
597:♯
562:♭
545:♭
536:♭
530:♭
513:♭
504:♭
498:♭
492:♭
475:♭
466:♭
460:♭
454:♭
448:♭
436:♭
425:♭
416:♭
410:♭
404:♭
398:♭
392:♭
380:♭
369:♭
360:♭
354:♭
348:♭
342:♭
336:♭
330:♭
318:♭
307:♭
298:♭
292:♭
286:♭
280:♭
274:♭
268:♭
262:♭
224:semitone
219:♯
176:♯
170:♮
78:parallel
27:are the
1538:Passing
1510:Altered
1476:Mediant
1415:Quartal
1410:Tertian
1393:General
1379:Tristan
1374:So What
1334:Elektra
1275:omitted
1133:Seventh
1087:By form
755:B major
705:E major
661:A major
634:B minor
629:D major
608:E minor
603:G major
588:A minor
583:C major
573:D minor
568:F major
553:G minor
521:C minor
483:F minor
212:or the
1688:Factor
1642:Guitar
1582:Common
1425:Tetrad
1369:Psalms
1354:Mystic
1339:Farben
1319:Bridge
1293:Lydian
1080:Chords
1016:
981:
55:. The
1835:Tonic
1666:Other
1657:Slash
1652:Power
1627:Block
1622:Barre
1575:Other
1466:Tonic
1349:Magic
1329:Dream
1314:Alpha
1283:Sixth
1271:Added
1224:Ninth
1151:Minor
1146:Major
1108:Minor
1103:Major
1095:Triad
896:minor
885:major
828:minor
817:major
766:minor
716:minor
672:minor
579:None
548:major
516:major
478:major
439:minor
428:major
383:minor
372:major
321:minor
310:major
210:tonic
151:with
92:third
88:sixth
73:tonic
29:major
21:music
1647:Open
1014:ISBN
979:ISBN
242:is:
234:List
173:to C
161:Play
145:Play
118:Play
47:and
31:and
1447:By
922:is
912:is
870:, B
864:, E
858:, A
852:, D
846:, G
840:, C
802:, E
796:, A
790:, D
784:, G
778:, C
746:, A
740:, D
734:, G
728:, C
696:, D
690:, G
684:, C
652:, G
646:, C
620:, C
533:, E
501:, A
495:, E
463:, D
457:, A
451:, E
413:, G
407:, D
401:, A
395:, E
357:, C
351:, G
345:, D
339:, A
333:, E
295:, F
289:, C
283:, G
277:, D
271:, A
265:, E
61:key
19:In
1869::
1498:/
1022:.
987:.
963:^
155:,
124:).
23:,
1722:e
1715:t
1708:v
1250:9
1072:e
1065:t
1058:v
993:.
890:A
879:C
834:F
822:D
811:F
772:F
760:G
722:F
710:C
678:F
666:F
640:F
614:F
594:F
559:B
542:B
527:B
510:E
489:B
472:A
445:B
433:B
422:D
389:B
377:E
366:G
327:B
315:A
304:C
259:B
39:(
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