242:. Trapping is a method of adjusting areas where two distinct, adjacent colors meet so that press misregistration won't cause white spaces. Where two colours abut, the lighter colour is slightly expanded into the darker to create an overlap. This yields a darker outline, which is considered less objectionable than a white gap. A major exception to this is the case when opaque (colors that completely obscure colors printed beneath them) spot colors are used. Other colors, regardless of their relative luminance, are always trapped to (spread under) these spot colors. If several of these spot colors are used (a common practice in the packaging market), the order of printing layers rather than luminance is the decisive element: the first color to be printed is spread under the next color. The trap width is dictated by the maximum amount of misregistration of the entire workflow up to the press.
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Inconsistencies among these components can cause the printing press to fall out of registration; that is when press operators will begin to see defects in their print. There are many different ways to achieve proper registration, many of which employ the alignment of registration marks (pictured right). Many press manufacturers have installed automatic register systems to assist the operator in getting the print back into proper alignment.
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print units, plate or other print component is out of registration, the result can be printed colors in the wrong areas, overprint or white space. With proper registration, there will be no white space, out of margin colors, or confusing overlap of images in the print. To help line the colors up correctly, a registration system is necessary.
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This method, using small measured registration marks on both the stone and the paper, is very accurate and simple to do. The printer measures the exact size of the paper and the desired margins. Then marks are made at both ends of the sheet of paper, and corresponding marks (usually in the shape of
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When printing an image or a package of some sort that has more than one color, it is necessary to print each color separately and ensure each color overlaps the others precisely. If this is not done, the finished image will look fuzzy, blurred or "out of register" (see image to right). If one or more
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This method involves laying the paper on the un-inked surface, and making a pin-hole through both the bottom and top of the paper, being careful to make a mark in the stone's surface. Then the locations of the holes are transferred to each sheet of paper to be printed. When printing, one should
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is the layering of printed patterns to form a multicolor pattern. Registration error is the "position misalignment in the overlapped patterns." Machine components such as the print cylinder, doctor blade assembly, printing plates, stress/friction and more, affect the registration of the machine.
124:. When proofs for each color are generated on separate pieces of film, use of registration black makes crop marks visible on all channels, providing a useful reference for alignment. A thin line printed in registration black can also be used to check whether the printing plates are aligned.
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for viewing on screen, or printing to printers without spot color support. There is no special rule for the name "All", so PDF creators must include a tint transform that converts to black in some color space, in order to maintain the same appearance as the final printed piece.
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The name "All" might not be used in the user interface of a design program, especially outside
English language speaking areas. However, the spot color must have the exact name "All". As a side effect, it is impossible in PostScript to create a normal spot plate with this name.
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place pins in each hole of a sheet of paper, and lower it onto the inked stone, placing each pin in its respective hole in the stone. This method can ruin paper by creating holes and if the holes get too large, they lose their function as registration devices.
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a "T") are made on the stone. Then the printer matches the marks on the paper to those on the stone. This way many runs of different colors can be pulled exactly in line with one another, each of them measured from the same system of marks.
144:. This never generates a spot plate. Instead it marks all of the plates that are there. The All color space can be used with a tint value between 0.0 (no mark) to 1.0 (full intensity). Generally, only 1.0 would be used.
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can be found in other industries as well. The printer places the paper over the stone-image, measuring and judging registration by eye. This is not very consistent, depending on the person.
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A registration mark showing a slight misalignment of the printing heads, resulting in subtle color hues visible around the edges of the black area (click image to zoom in).
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Black ink is set to "overprint" colors in the background. The difference is not visible since the lighter color is spread underneath the—almost—opaque black.
164:, with the same restrictions, starting with PDF 1.2. Note that a PDF spot color must also include a "tint transform" which translates spot values into a different
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printer description languages supports registration black, starting with PostScript language level 2. This is done by referring to a
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A commonly used registration mark. Although it seems black in color the actual value should be C=100,M=100,Y=100,K=100.
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An example of registration misalignment, note the cyan and magenta plates are not in the exact place. Also
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There are many different styles of registration for many different types of printing. These deal with
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For the process of registering claims to intellectual property in printed (and other) works, see
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408:"Recent Progress in Manufacturing Techniques of Printed and Flexible Sensors"
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Seshadri, Aravind; Pagilla, Prabhakar R.; Lynch, Jamie E. (1 May 2013).
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369:"Modeling Print Registration in Roll-to-Roll Printing Presses"
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Perfect registration (some monitors show slight misalignment)
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for perfect and imperfect registration. Rows are as follows:
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Ross, Romano, Ross. "The
Complete Printmaker", Page 226.
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Comparison of a knock-out with and without trapping, and
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Registration black is used for printing crop marks and
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493:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 12.
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Journal of
Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control
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89:is a black color that includes 100% of each of the
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27:Correct layering of colors in printed documents
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457:fahrzeugbeschriftung24 (23 September 2022).
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491:Intelligent Vision Systems for Industry
489:Batchelor, Bruce; Whelan, Paul (2012).
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238:A remedy for slight misregistration is
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321:This method relies solely on
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158:Portable document format
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568:Printing terminology
425:10.3390/bios10120199
525:on 11 November 2020
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418:(12): 199.
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279:printmaking
166:color space
563:Publishing
557:Categories
515:"Trapping"
412:Biosensors
355:References
349:Rich black
327:Eyeballing
309:Eyeballing
293:See also:
138:spot color
134:PostScript
128:PostScript
393:0022-0434
276:fine arts
264:halftones
193:Knock-out
188:Knock-out
115:colorants
529:25 March
467:cite web
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343:See also
300:Pin-hole
240:trapping
234:Trapping
173:Remedies
117:(inks).
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64:Purpose
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
