926:, which is, according to the New Regionalism Approach, the expression of increased commercial and human transactions in a defined geographical region. Regionalism refers to an intentional political process, typically led by governments with similar goals and values in pursuit of the overall development within a region. Regionalization, however, is simply the natural tendency to form regions, or the process of forming regions due to similarities between states in a given geographical space.
539:
864:
the easing of the intensity of the Cold War, the independence of new states that had been part of colonial empires, the successful initiation of the
European integration experience – gave rise to a new range of questions about regionalism. According to Nye the new international environment made "the collective security and military defense focus of the writings in the early 1950s seem at best quaint and at worst misleading".
663:
Initiatives towards a closer regional integration date back to the 1880s. The first coherent regionalism initiatives, however, took place during the 1950s and 1960s. During the late 1990s, however, a renewed interest in regionalism emerged and lead to the rapid emergence of a global system of regions
630:
can be classified as a result of regionalism. The idea that lies behind this increased regional identity is that as a region becomes more economically integrated, it will necessarily become politically integrated as well. The
European example is especially valid in this light, as the European Union
863:
distorted the logic of a universal division of labor, and that regional military planning was made both impossible and obsolete. On the other hand, the defenders of the pattern were invoking the necessities of the cold war. By the 1960s a number of important changes in international politics –
854:
The growing success of
European regionalism in particular led scholars in the late 1950s to what Ernst called "the new challenge of regionalism, ... the potentialities of the field for insights into the process of community formation at the international level". By the late 1950s, "the organization
672:
It is quite difficult to define when the history of regionalism begins, since there is no single explanation that encompasses the origins and development of the regional idea. Criteria such as the desire by states to "make the best of their regional environment" are regarded by certain analystas as
650:
defined an international region "as a limited number of states linked by a geographical relationship and by a degree of mutual interdependence", and (international) regionalism as "the formation of interstate associations or groupings on the basis of regions". This definition, however, was never
1000:
According to the article 33 of the
Chapter VI of the UN Charter, regional bodies are regarded as agencies of the first resort in dealing with disputed among their own members. The preliminary version of the UN Charter stipulated that "the existence of regional bodies for dealing with peace and
713:
By the end of the Second World War, then, regionalism had not still entered the vocabulary of international relations. By the 1940s however, an increasing number of influential people had already advocated "escape from a theoretical and ineffective universalism into practical and workable
673:
elusive; they prefer to consider the history of regionalism in terms of the rise of modern institutions. If formal organization at the regional as opposed to the international level is to be the yardstick for the onset of regionalism, it is difficult to place its origins much before 1945.
619:(also called "new regionalism") began and continues still . A new wave of political initiatives prompting regional integration took place worldwide during the last two decades. Regional and bilateral trade deals have also mushroomed after the failure of the
791:, according to which the parties undertake "to seek to preserve and further develop co-operation between our nations in the legal, cultural and financial areas as well as in matters relating to transport and protection of the environment".
718:
context, but also as a result of the self-consciousness of regions themselves. Because of the subsequent demands by states that had already made heavy political investments in regional arrangements such as the Inter-American System, the
591:
identity and purpose combined with the creation and implementation of institutions that express a particular identity and shape collective action within a geographical region. Regionalism is one of the three constituents of the
1229:
651:
unanimously accepted, and some analysts noted, for example, that the plethora of regional organizations founded at the initiative of developing countries had not fostered the rapid growth of regionalism in the
1681:
858:
Regionalism had already given rise to a floodtide of literature critical of its development or determined to justify it as a necessity for world security. Some critics were arguing that economic unions and
655:. Other authors, such as Ernst B. Haas, stressed the need to distinguish the notions of regional cooperation, regional system, regional organization and regional integration and regionalism.
1746:
946:—a process of dividing a political entity (typically a country) into smaller regions, and transferring power from the central government to the regions. Opposite process is called
516:
1233:
697:
very few regional groupings existed before World War II What did emerge before World War II were a growing number of international public and private associations, such as the
1801:
910:
that would stretch from Alaska to
Argentina was ultimately rejected in particular by nations such as Venezuela, Ecuador and Bolivia. It has been superseded by the
567:
1254:
Pastor, Robert A.; Hills, Carla A.; Jones, James R.; Manley, John P.; Niles, Thomas M.T.; Cunningham, Nelson W.; Weld, William F.; Yzaguirre, Raul H. (May 2005).
1796:
855:
of the world's ninety-odd states into various systems of competing and overlapping regional associations a fact of international relations for over ten years".
303:
876:
environment for regionalism. The renewed academic interest in regionalism, the emergence of new regional formations and international trade agreements like the
1866:
1881:
1916:
1741:
1598:
1311:
198:
2013:
1731:
1987:
560:
1906:
694:
233:
130:
1558:
1212:
1092:
1921:
1771:
263:
1861:
1386:
Regionalism in World
Politics: Regional Organization and International Order edited by Louise L'Estrange Fawcett, Hurrell Fawcett,
281:
28:
1716:
553:
297:
248:
238:
193:
2018:
1926:
1821:
1626:
88:
1876:
1711:
286:
1591:
253:
140:
48:
1706:
877:
218:
55:
1941:
1721:
1911:
1776:
1661:
1512:
1473:
1396:
1265:
823:
123:
884:
demonstrate the upgraded importance of a region-by-region basis political cooperation and economic competitiveness.
1751:
839:
523:
1951:
1871:
1671:
1584:
907:
213:
105:
892:
1736:
1255:
19:
607:
The first coherent regional initiatives began in the 1950s and 1960s, but they accomplished little, except in
1946:
702:
1816:
1811:
1786:
1666:
900:
207:
843:
636:
1322:
1836:
1230:"Launch of the African Union, 9 July 2002: Address by the chairperson of the AU, President Thabo Mbeki"
228:
1826:
1691:
1646:
188:
834:
resources of its member-states. The same states established on March 25, 1957 by the signing of the
1901:
1806:
1522:
1466:
New directions in development economics: growth, environmental concerns and government in the 1990s
155:
75:
1781:
1726:
947:
873:
720:
581:
160:
100:
60:
35:
1766:
1656:
1318:
795:
1936:
1891:
1607:
740:
739:
European regionalism took a concrete form during the late 1940s. The treaty establishing the
70:
1982:
1966:
1562:
1443:(4). Cambridge University Press, University of Wisconsin Press and The MIT Press: 607–646.
1414:(4). Cambridge University Press, University of Wisconsin Press and The MIT Press: 440–458.
1209:
1089:
979:
974:
896:
698:
632:
616:
615:. Some analysts call these initiatives "old regionalism". In the late 1980s, a new bout of
474:
424:
409:
326:
321:
203:
135:
110:
1537:
8:
1961:
1701:
959:
690:
593:
364:
336:
1452:
1423:
788:
612:
439:
359:
1896:
1756:
1508:
1469:
1392:
1261:
150:
145:
95:
1956:
1369:
1886:
1493:
1444:
1415:
784:
444:
399:
384:
258:
242:
183:
65:
1831:
1216:
1096:
943:
923:
597:
543:
489:
459:
449:
434:
714:
regionalism". The region as a unit of analysis became important not only in the
1846:
1791:
1696:
1636:
1387:
835:
780:
627:
608:
469:
429:
414:
379:
1682:
Bay of Bengal
Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation
1448:
1419:
2007:
1761:
1621:
888:
881:
860:
601:
484:
464:
419:
404:
389:
331:
1651:
964:
939:
803:
686:
479:
394:
291:
223:
1687:
Bolivarian
Alliance for the Peoples of Our America – Peoples' Trade Treaty
520:
1856:
1631:
1576:
819:
783:, an interparliamentary organization with the goal to forge the regional
748:
724:
682:
652:
494:
369:
341:
165:
538:
1456:
1427:
969:
815:
752:
728:
647:
620:
499:
454:
374:
1350:
1293:
1232:. ABSA Stadium, Durban, South Africa: africa-union.org. Archived from
705:, which were holding regular meetings and had their own secretariats.
1747:
Comprehensive and
Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership
681:
Advocacy of international regionalism was rare in the period between
1464:
Hettne, Björn (1994). "Regionalism between
Politics and Economics".
1841:
1435:
Haas, Ernst B. (Autumn 1970). "The Study of Regional Integration".
935:
715:
1384:
Fawcett, Louise (1996). "Regionalism in Historical Perspective".
811:
776:
768:
760:
744:
787:
co-operation. The Nordic Council's statutes set out in the 1962
1406:
Haas, Ernst B. (Autumn 1958). "The Challenges of Regionalism".
911:
799:
772:
764:
756:
906:
In Latin America, however the proposal to extend NAFTA into a
1676:
1641:
1532:. Vol. 380, no. 8488. 29 July 2006. pp. 65–66.
827:
807:
1379:(210). Princeton University - Department of Economics: 1–32.
1931:
1851:
1686:
1257:
Building a North American Community (Task Force Report #53)
831:
1503:
Preusse, Heinz Gert (2004). "Developmental Regionalism".
903:' Independent Task Force on the Future of North America.
1802:
GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development
1523:"Special Report - World Trade - in the Twilight of Doha"
1495:
International Regionalism: Readings edited by Joseph Nye
1157:
727:, regionalism made its appearance even in the finalized
1797:
Forum for the Progress and Integration of South America
1253:
631:
as a political body grew out of more than 40 years of
1294:
Charter of the United Nations, Chapter VI, Article 33
1867:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
1487:. The Information Department of the Nordic Council.
942:), regionalism is a political notion which favours
872:Since the late 1980s globalization has changed the
1882:Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation
1221:
743:was signed in 1944 by the governments in exile of
2005:
1917:South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
1742:Community of Latin American and Caribbean States
693:was dominant. With the notable exception of the
1642:Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
1482:
846:, most important of two European Communities.
1732:Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations
1592:
561:
1247:
759:, and entered into force in 1947. In 1952,
635:within Europe. The precursor to the EU, the
1907:Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership
1227:
1606:
1599:
1585:
1069:
1017:
1015:
568:
554:
1922:South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone
1852:North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
1772:Economic Community of West African States
1377:Essays in International Commercial System
264:Chinese school of international relations
1862:Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States
1153:
1151:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1058:
1056:
912:Union of South American Nations (UNASUR)
664:with political and economic parameters.
1717:Collective Security Treaty Organization
1502:
1383:
1172:
1170:
1012:
734:
639:(EEC) was entirely an economic entity.
2006:
1927:Southern African Development Community
1822:Latin American Integration Association
1627:Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization
1463:
1367:
1260:. Council on Foreign Relations Press.
2014:Regionalism (international relations)
1993:Regionalism (international relations)
1877:Organization of Ibero-American States
1712:Central European Free Trade Agreement
1580:
1498:. Little, Brown and Company - Boston.
1370:"The International Commercial System"
1368:Ethier, Wilfred J. (September 1998).
1288:Regionalism in Historical Perspective
1148:
1143:Regionalism in Historical Perspective
1137:
1135:
1114:Regionalism in Historical Perspective
1101:
1082:
1053:
1988:Regional organizations by population
1538:"Theory Talk #19: Fredrik Söderbaum"
1492:Nye, Joseph (1968). "Introduction".
1434:
1405:
1340:
1167:
929:
588:is the expression of a common sense
1707:Central American Integration System
1491:
1280:
1183:
1036:The International Commercial System
1023:The International Commercial System
1001:security should not be precluded".
891:was launched on July 9, 2002 and a
878:North American Free Trade Agreement
13:
1942:Trilateral Cooperation Secretariat
1722:Commonwealth of Independent States
1556:
1196:
1132:
1028:
994:
917:
880:(NAFTA), and the development of a
867:
685:and according to Al Marucut(1998)
14:
2030:
1912:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
1777:Economic Cooperation Organization
1662:Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
1077:The Study of Regional Integration
849:
824:European Coal and Steel Community
1752:Council of the Baltic Sea States
1309:
840:European Atomic Energy Community
779:joined in 1955) established the
537:
1952:Union of South American Nations
1872:Organization of American States
1672:Association of Caribbean States
1351:"Charter of the United Nations"
914:which was constituted in 2008.
908:Free Trade Area of the Americas
594:international commercial system
214:International political economy
106:Uneven and combined development
1737:Community of Democratic Choice
1119:
995:
676:
611:with the establishment of the
20:International relations theory
1:
2019:Political science terminology
1947:Organization of Turkic States
1702:Caribbean Community (CARICOM)
1303:
703:International Law Association
642:
1812:Indian Ocean Rim Association
1787:European Political Community
1667:Assembly of European Regions
1505:The New American Regionalism
1228:Thabo Mbeki (July 9, 2002).
1191:The New Americal Regionalism
1178:The Challenge of Regionalism
1042:The New Americal Regionalism
1005:
901:Council on Foreign Relations
708:
208:liberal intergovernmentalism
7:
1507:. Edward Elgar Publishing.
1391:. Oxford University Press.
953:
922:Regionalism contrasts with
844:European Economic Community
637:European Economic Community
10:
2035:
1837:Melanesian Spearhead Group
1561:. MuniMall. Archived from
1437:International Organization
1408:International Organization
1312:"Regionalism in East Asia"
667:
658:
229:Hegemonic stability theory
1975:
1827:Latin American Parliament
1647:Asia Cooperation Dialogue
1614:
1449:10.1017/s0020818300017495
1420:10.1017/S0020818300031349
1204:Developmental Regionalism
1064:International Regionalism
189:Critical security studies
1902:Polynesian Leaders Group
1817:Liptako–Gourma Authority
1807:Gulf Cooperation Council
985:
899:was made in 2005 by the
796:the 1951 Treaty of Paris
156:Territorial peace theory
76:Liberal institutionalism
1782:Eurasian Economic Union
1727:Commonwealth of Nations
1483:Nordic Council (2006).
1048:In the Twilight of Doha
582:international relations
524:International relations
161:Democratic peace theory
101:Theories of imperialism
61:Democratic peace theory
36:Feminist constructivism
1767:East African Community
1657:Asia-Europe Foundation
1608:Regional organizations
1319:Ritsumeikan University
882:European Single Market
874:international economic
1937:Three Seas Initiative
1892:Pacific Islands Forum
1692:British–Irish Council
1559:"The New Regionalism"
1343:Nationalism and after
1127:Nationalism and After
897:North American region
741:Benelux Customs Union
695:Inter-American System
689:when the doctrine of
304:Inter-paradigm debate
71:Republican liberalism
1983:Regional integration
1967:Western Balkans Quad
1485:The Nordic Community
1345:. London: Macmillan.
1296:, The United Nations
1162:The Nordic Community
980:Middle Eastern Union
975:Regionalism in Spain
735:European initiatives
699:General Postal Union
633:economic integration
617:regional integration
475:Immanuel Wallerstein
425:Peter J. Katzenstein
410:Samuel P. Huntington
327:Historical sociology
322:International ethics
204:Intergovernmentalism
136:Neoclassical realism
111:World-systems theory
1962:West Nordic Council
1210:The New Regionalism
1090:The New Regionalism
826:(ECSC) to pool the
691:collective security
544:Politics portal
365:Zbigniew Brzezinski
337:State cartel theory
1468:. Routledge (UK).
1355:The United Nations
1341:Carr, E.H (1945).
1215:2007-09-29 at the
1095:2007-09-29 at the
789:Helsinki Agreement
613:European Community
440:Stephen D. Krasner
2001:
2000:
1897:Paneuropean Union
1757:Council of Europe
1046:* The Economist,
930:National politics
578:
577:
234:Copenhagen School
151:Defensive realism
146:Offensive realism
131:Classical realism
96:Dependency theory
2026:
1887:Pacific Alliance
1601:
1594:
1587:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1571:
1570:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1544:. 1 October 2008
1533:
1527:
1518:
1499:
1488:
1479:
1460:
1431:
1402:
1380:
1374:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1346:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1327:
1321:. Archived from
1316:
1310:Bono, Narihiro.
1297:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1225:
1219:
1200:
1194:
1187:
1181:
1174:
1165:
1155:
1146:
1139:
1130:
1123:
1117:
1110:
1099:
1086:
1080:
1073:
1067:
1060:
1051:
1040:* H.G. Preusse,
1032:
1026:
1019:
999:
822:established the
570:
563:
556:
542:
541:
522:
445:John Mearsheimer
400:Martha Finnemore
385:Michael W. Doyle
316:Other approaches
259:Intercommunalism
243:neofunctionalism
184:Neo-Gramscianism
66:Capitalist peace
16:
15:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1971:
1832:Lublin Triangle
1610:
1605:
1568:
1566:
1557:Wallis, Allan.
1547:
1545:
1536:
1525:
1521:
1515:
1476:
1399:
1372:
1359:
1357:
1349:
1331:
1329:
1328:on 4 March 2016
1325:
1314:
1306:
1301:
1300:
1291:
1285:
1281:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1252:
1248:
1239:
1237:
1226:
1222:
1217:Wayback Machine
1207:
1201:
1197:
1188:
1184:
1175:
1168:
1156:
1149:
1140:
1133:
1124:
1120:
1111:
1102:
1097:Wayback Machine
1087:
1083:
1074:
1070:
1061:
1054:
1045:
1039:
1033:
1029:
1020:
1013:
1008:
1003:
988:
956:
944:regionalization
932:
924:regionalization
920:
918:Regionalization
870:
868:After the 1980s
852:
737:
711:
679:
670:
661:
645:
598:multilateralism
574:
536:
531:
530:
529:
528:
527:
526:
519:
513:
505:
504:
490:Alexander Wendt
460:Kathryn Sikkink
450:Hans Morgenthau
435:Henry Kissinger
360:Michael Barnett
355:
347:
346:
317:
309:
308:
277:
276:Classifications
269:
268:
254:Postcolonialism
194:Critical theory
179:
171:
170:
126:
116:
115:
91:
81:
80:
51:
41:
40:
31:
12:
11:
5:
2032:
2022:
2021:
2016:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1957:Visegrád Group
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1847:Nordic Council
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1792:European Union
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1697:Bucharest Nine
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1637:Arctic Council
1634:
1629:
1624:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1604:
1603:
1596:
1589:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1554:
1534:
1519:
1513:
1500:
1489:
1480:
1474:
1461:
1432:
1403:
1397:
1388:Andrew Hurrell
1381:
1365:
1347:
1338:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1279:
1266:
1246:
1220:
1195:
1189:H.G. Preusse,
1182:
1166:
1158:Nordic Council
1147:
1131:
1118:
1100:
1081:
1068:
1052:
1027:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1004:
989:
987:
984:
983:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
955:
952:
931:
928:
919:
916:
869:
866:
861:common markets
851:
850:New challenges
848:
836:Treaty of Rome
781:Nordic Council
736:
733:
710:
707:
678:
675:
669:
666:
660:
657:
644:
641:
628:European Union
609:Western Europe
576:
575:
573:
572:
565:
558:
550:
547:
546:
533:
532:
518:
517:
515:
514:
511:
510:
507:
506:
503:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
470:J. Ann Tickner
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
430:Robert Keohane
427:
422:
417:
415:John Ikenberry
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
380:Daniel Deudney
377:
372:
367:
362:
356:
353:
352:
349:
348:
345:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
318:
315:
314:
311:
310:
307:
306:
301:
294:
289:
284:
282:Postpositivism
278:
275:
274:
271:
270:
267:
266:
261:
256:
251:
246:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
201:
199:English School
196:
191:
186:
180:
178:Other theories
177:
176:
173:
172:
169:
168:
163:
158:
153:
148:
143:
138:
133:
127:
122:
121:
118:
117:
114:
113:
108:
103:
98:
92:
87:
86:
83:
82:
79:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
52:
47:
46:
43:
42:
39:
38:
32:
29:Constructivism
27:
26:
23:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2031:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2009:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1762:Craiova Group
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1622:African Union
1620:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1602:
1597:
1595:
1590:
1588:
1583:
1582:
1579:
1565:on 2007-09-29
1564:
1560:
1555:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1530:The Economist
1524:
1520:
1516:
1514:1-84376-612-4
1510:
1506:
1501:
1497:
1496:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1477:
1475:0-415-12121-3
1471:
1467:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1404:
1400:
1398:0-19-828067-X
1394:
1390:
1389:
1382:
1378:
1371:
1366:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1339:
1324:
1320:
1313:
1308:
1307:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1269:
1267:0-87609-348-9
1263:
1259:
1258:
1250:
1236:on 3 May 2009
1235:
1231:
1224:
1218:
1214:
1211:
1208:* A. Wallis,
1205:
1199:
1192:
1186:
1179:
1173:
1171:
1163:
1159:
1154:
1152:
1144:
1138:
1136:
1128:
1122:
1115:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1085:
1078:
1072:
1065:
1059:
1057:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1034:W.J. Ethier,
1031:
1024:
1021:W.J. Ethier,
1018:
1016:
1011:
1002:
998:
997:
993:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
957:
951:
949:
948:unitarization
945:
941:
937:
934:In national
927:
925:
915:
913:
909:
904:
902:
898:
894:
890:
889:African Union
885:
883:
879:
875:
865:
862:
856:
847:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
792:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
732:
730:
726:
722:
717:
706:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
674:
665:
656:
654:
649:
640:
638:
634:
629:
624:
622:
618:
614:
610:
605:
603:
602:unilateralism
599:
595:
589:
587:
583:
571:
566:
564:
559:
557:
552:
551:
549:
548:
545:
540:
535:
534:
525:
521:
509:
508:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
485:Kenneth Waltz
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
465:Susan Strange
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
420:Robert Jervis
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
405:Robert Gilpin
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
390:Cynthia Enloe
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
357:
351:
350:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
332:Regime theory
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
319:
313:
312:
305:
302:
299:
298:Great Debates
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
279:
273:
272:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
249:Postmodernism
247:
244:
240:
239:Functionalism
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
209:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
181:
175:
174:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
128:
125:
120:
119:
112:
109:
107:
104:
102:
99:
97:
94:
93:
90:
85:
84:
77:
74:
72:
69:
67:
64:
62:
59:
57:
54:
53:
50:
45:
44:
37:
34:
33:
30:
25:
24:
21:
18:
17:
1992:
1652:Asia Council
1567:. Retrieved
1563:the original
1546:. Retrieved
1542:Theory Talks
1541:
1529:
1504:
1494:
1484:
1465:
1440:
1436:
1411:
1407:
1385:
1376:
1358:. Retrieved
1354:
1342:
1330:. Retrieved
1323:the original
1287:
1286:L. Fawcett,
1282:
1271:. Retrieved
1256:
1249:
1238:. Retrieved
1234:the original
1223:
1203:
1198:
1190:
1185:
1177:
1161:
1142:
1141:L. Fawcett,
1126:
1125:E. H. Carr,
1121:
1113:
1112:L. Fawcett,
1084:
1076:
1071:
1063:
1047:
1041:
1035:
1030:
1022:
996:
991:
990:
965:Helen Milner
940:low politics
933:
921:
905:
886:
871:
857:
853:
804:West Germany
793:
738:
721:Commonwealth
712:
687:World War II
680:
671:
662:
646:
625:
606:
596:(along with
590:
585:
579:
480:Stephen Walt
395:James Fearon
292:Reflectivism
224:Green theory
1857:Open Balkan
1632:Arab League
1202:B. Hettne,
1088:A. Wallis,
1075:E.B. Haas,
820:Netherlands
749:Netherlands
725:Arab League
683:World War I
677:Before 1945
653:Third World
586:regionalism
495:Yan Xuetong
370:Hedley Bull
342:Geopolitics
287:Rationalism
166:Realpolitik
2008:Categories
1569:2006-12-29
1360:2006-12-30
1304:References
1273:2009-02-07
1240:2009-02-08
970:Separatism
816:Luxembourg
753:Luxembourg
729:UN Charter
648:Joseph Nye
643:Definition
621:Doha round
512:Categories
500:Qin Yaqing
455:Joseph Nye
375:E. H. Carr
141:Neorealism
49:Liberalism
1176:E. Haas,
1079:, 607-610
1006:Citations
709:1945–1980
1842:Mercosur
1213:Archived
1093:Archived
1062:J. Nye,
960:Localism
954:See also
936:politics
893:proposal
842:and the
818:and the
723:and the
716:Cold War
701:and the
354:Scholars
219:Feminism
56:Idealism
1457:2706149
1428:2704567
1116:, 10-11
812:Belgium
777:Finland
769:Iceland
761:Denmark
745:Belgium
668:Origins
659:History
124:Realism
89:Marxism
1976:Topics
1615:Bodies
1511:
1472:
1455:
1426:
1395:
1264:
895:for a
800:France
785:Nordic
773:Norway
765:Sweden
757:London
1677:AUKUS
1548:3 May
1526:(PDF)
1453:JSTOR
1424:JSTOR
1373:(PDF)
1332:3 May
1326:(PDF)
1315:(PDF)
1206:, 160
1180:, 440
1066:, vii
986:Notes
828:steel
808:Italy
1932:TAKM
1550:2021
1509:ISBN
1470:ISBN
1393:ISBN
1334:2021
1290:, 12
1262:ISBN
1145:, 12
1129:, 45
1050:, 65
1038:, 11
1025:, 11
938:(or
887:The
838:the
832:coal
830:and
771:and
751:and
626:The
600:and
1445:doi
1416:doi
1193:, 5
1164:, 1
1044:, 2
794:In
755:in
604:).
580:In
2010::
1540:.
1528:.
1451:.
1441:24
1439:.
1422:.
1412:12
1410:.
1375:.
1353:.
1317:.
1292:*
1169:^
1160:,
1150:^
1134:^
1103:^
1055:^
1014:^
992:a.
950:.
814:,
810:,
806:,
802:,
798:,
767:,
763:,
747:,
731:.
623:.
584:,
1600:e
1593:t
1586:v
1572:.
1552:.
1517:.
1478:.
1459:.
1447::
1430:.
1418::
1401:.
1363:.
1336:.
1276:.
1243:.
775:(
569:e
562:t
555:v
300:"
296:"
245:)
241:(
210:)
206:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.