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Reduced product

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554: 450: 264: 234: 142: 595: 445:{\displaystyle R((a_{i}^{1})/{\sim },\dots ,(a_{i}^{n})/{\sim })\iff \{i\in I\mid R^{S_{i}}(a_{i}^{1},\dots ,a_{i}^{n})\}\in U.} 534: 171: 258:
Operations from σ are interpreted on the reduced product by applying the operation pointwise. Relations are interpreted by
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as an element, the equivalence relation is trivial, and the reduced product is just the direct product. If
588: 104: 581: 614: 522: 17: 148: 84: 8: 569: 561: 28: 530: 96: 72: 518: 529:. Studies in Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics (3rd ed.). Elsevier. 565: 40: 608: 456: 92: 44: 24: 252: 459:, then the reduced product is a vector space with addition defined as ( 32: 553: 229:{\displaystyle \left\{i\in I:a_{i}=b_{i}\right\}\in U} 267: 174: 107: 16:For the reduced product in algebraic topology, see 444: 228: 136: 606: 589: 165:) of the Cartesian product are equivalent if 517: 430: 353: 91:. The domain of the reduced product is the 596: 582: 352: 348: 255:, the reduced product is an ultraproduct. 39:is a construction that generalizes both 607: 548: 455:For example, if each structure is a 137:{\displaystyle \prod _{i\in I}S_{i}} 13: 14: 631: 552: 487:and multiplication by a scalar 427: 385: 349: 345: 332: 314: 292: 274: 271: 1: 511: 568:. You can help Knowledge by 7: 10: 636: 547: 67:} be a nonempty family of 15: 620:Mathematical logic stubs 151: ~: two elements ( 564:-related article is a 446: 230: 138: 447: 231: 139: 18:James reduced product 265: 172: 149:equivalence relation 105: 426: 402: 331: 291: 75:σ indexed by a set 63: ∈  562:mathematical logic 523:Keisler, H. Jerome 442: 412: 388: 317: 277: 226: 134: 123: 29:mathematical logic 577: 576: 536:978-0-444-88054-3 519:Chang, Chen Chung 108: 97:Cartesian product 627: 598: 591: 584: 556: 549: 540: 451: 449: 448: 443: 425: 420: 401: 396: 384: 383: 382: 381: 344: 339: 330: 325: 304: 299: 290: 285: 235: 233: 232: 227: 219: 215: 214: 213: 201: 200: 143: 141: 140: 135: 133: 132: 122: 635: 634: 630: 629: 628: 626: 625: 624: 605: 604: 603: 602: 545: 537: 514: 506: 500: 485: 478: 472: 421: 416: 397: 392: 377: 373: 372: 368: 340: 335: 326: 321: 300: 295: 286: 281: 266: 263: 262: 209: 205: 196: 192: 179: 175: 173: 170: 169: 163: 156: 128: 124: 112: 106: 103: 102: 58: 37:reduced product 21: 12: 11: 5: 633: 623: 622: 617: 601: 600: 593: 586: 578: 575: 574: 557: 543: 542: 535: 513: 510: 504: 496: 483: 476: 468: 453: 452: 441: 438: 435: 432: 429: 424: 419: 415: 411: 408: 405: 400: 395: 391: 387: 380: 376: 371: 367: 364: 361: 358: 355: 351: 347: 343: 338: 334: 329: 324: 320: 316: 313: 310: 307: 303: 298: 294: 289: 284: 280: 276: 273: 270: 243:only contains 237: 236: 225: 222: 218: 212: 208: 204: 199: 195: 191: 188: 185: 182: 178: 161: 154: 145: 144: 131: 127: 121: 118: 115: 111: 54: 41:direct product 27:, a branch of 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 632: 621: 618: 616: 613: 612: 610: 599: 594: 592: 587: 585: 580: 579: 573: 571: 567: 563: 558: 555: 551: 550: 546: 538: 532: 528: 524: 520: 516: 515: 509: 507: 499: 494: 490: 486: 480: +  479: 473: =  471: 466: 463: +  462: 458: 439: 436: 433: 422: 417: 413: 409: 406: 403: 398: 393: 389: 378: 374: 369: 365: 362: 359: 356: 341: 336: 327: 322: 318: 311: 308: 305: 301: 296: 287: 282: 278: 268: 261: 260: 259: 256: 254: 250: 246: 242: 223: 220: 216: 210: 206: 202: 197: 193: 189: 186: 183: 180: 176: 168: 167: 166: 164: 157: 150: 147:by a certain 129: 125: 119: 116: 113: 109: 101: 100: 99: 98: 94: 90: 86: 82: 78: 74: 70: 66: 62: 59: |  57: 53: 48: 46: 42: 38: 34: 30: 26: 19: 615:Model theory 570:expanding it 559: 544: 541:, Chapter 6. 527:Model Theory 526: 502: 497: 492: 488: 481: 474: 469: 464: 460: 457:vector space 454: 257: 248: 244: 240: 238: 159: 152: 146: 88: 83:be a proper 80: 76: 71:of the same 64: 60: 55: 51: 49: 45:ultraproduct 36: 25:model theory 22: 253:ultrafilter 609:Categories 512:References 79:, and let 69:structures 525:(1990) . 434:∈ 407:… 366:∣ 360:∈ 350:⟺ 342:∼ 309:… 302:∼ 221:∈ 184:∈ 117:∈ 110:∏ 73:signature 31:, and in 503:c a 93:quotient 501:=  158:) and ( 95:of the 33:algebra 533:  251:is an 85:filter 35:, the 560:This 50:Let { 566:stub 531:ISBN 491:as ( 43:and 239:If 87:on 23:In 611:: 521:; 508:. 493:ca 47:. 597:e 590:t 583:v 572:. 539:. 505:i 498:i 495:) 489:c 484:i 482:b 477:i 475:a 470:i 467:) 465:b 461:a 440:. 437:U 431:} 428:) 423:n 418:i 414:a 410:, 404:, 399:1 394:i 390:a 386:( 379:i 375:S 370:R 363:I 357:i 354:{ 346:) 337:/ 333:) 328:n 323:i 319:a 315:( 312:, 306:, 297:/ 293:) 288:1 283:i 279:a 275:( 272:( 269:R 249:U 245:I 241:U 224:U 217:} 211:i 207:b 203:= 198:i 194:a 190:: 187:I 181:i 177:{ 162:i 160:b 155:i 153:a 130:i 126:S 120:I 114:i 89:I 81:U 77:I 65:I 61:i 56:i 52:S 20:.

Index

James reduced product
model theory
mathematical logic
algebra
direct product
ultraproduct
structures
signature
filter
quotient
Cartesian product
equivalence relation
ultrafilter
vector space
Chang, Chen Chung
Keisler, H. Jerome
ISBN
978-0-444-88054-3
Stub icon
mathematical logic
stub
expanding it
v
t
e
Categories
Model theory
Mathematical logic stubs

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