148:
1067:
114:
500-600 horsemen. Akat Khan fled to
Afghanpur, but two officers pursued him and killed him. They brought his head to Alauddin, who remarked that he often had that head in his lap. Akat Khan's head was paraded on a spear: first in Alauddin's camp at Tilpat, then throughout the imperial capital Delhi, then in
347:
Alauddin's elephant-mounted officers patrolled the streets of Delhi, reading out the prohibition orders. Some people disobeyed them by preparing illicit liquor at their houses and selling it at high prices. Some also tried to sneak liquor into Delhi from outside the city. Alauddin ordered all these
223:
When the news of Alavi's appointment reached
Alauddin, he sent his brother Ulugh Khan to Delhi. By the time Ulugh Khan reached Delhi, Hamiduddin had already quelled the revolt, defeating Haji Maula's forces after two days of fighting. He was supported by some of Zafar Khan's Amroha-based followers,
98:
towards him. Akat Khan and some Mongol
Muslims in his service rode towards Alauddin, shouting "Tiger!", and started shooting arrows at the Sultan. A slave named Manik (or Nayak) threw himself in front of Alauddin, and received four arrow wounds. Then Alauddin's bodyguards came forward and protected
351:
As a result of these steps, liquor became unavailable not only in Delhi but also in its suburbs. The prohibition was unpopular, and ultimately
Alauddin had to make some concessions. He issued an order allowing people to distill liquor in their own homes for private consumption. However, the ban on
227:
Hamiduddin's forces took control of the treasury and brought back the money that had been distributed by Haji Maula. All the surviving rebels were brought before Ulugh Khan and killed. The grandsons of Haji Maula's former master
Fakhruddin were also killed, although they had not played any part in
138:
The rebellion started in Awadh, but the cause is not certain. The two brothers started recruiting soldiers to overthrow
Alauddin's rule. However, before they could cause any serious damage, Alauddin sent his officers to arrest them. The two brothers were brought to Ranthambore and had their "eyes
113:
Meanwhile, Alauddin regained consciousness, and decided to flee to Ulugh Khan's camp, suspecting a deeper conspiracy by many nobles. However, his loyal officer Malik
Hamiduddin advised him that his presence at the camp was necessary to quell the rebellion. Alauddin then proceeded to the camp with
419:
Barani gives an exaggerated account of
Alauddin's seizure of money and valuables from his subjects. According to him, after Alauddin's orders had been carried out, little gold was left in the houses of Delhi. The only exceptions were the houses of the nobles, the aristocrats, state employees and
134:
Some days after Akat Khan's death, Alauddin marched to
Ranthambore. While he was busy besieging Ranthambore, two of his nephews conspired to usurp power in Delhi. These were Malik Umar (the governor of Badaun) and Mangu Khan (the governor of Awadh). Both were sons of a sister of Alauddin.
265:
After returning from
Ranthambore, Alauddin stayed in the suburbs of Delhi, where he spent a month on hunting expeditions. Contemporary chroniclers state that he was unhappy with the residents of Delhi, who had displayed their disloyalty during the recent rebellions. However, historian
200:
Haji Maula and his soldiers then took control of the royal Red Palace, the treasury, the armory, the horse stables and the prison. To gain supporters, he distributed the money from the treasury among the people of Delhi. He also freed the state prisoners, some of whom joined him.
187:(May–June) in 1299, when most residents of Delhi were taking a siesta, Haji Maula arrived at Bayazid's residence, accompanied by four armed men. They summoned Bayazid to hear a message from Alauddin. When Bayazid came out Haji Maula ordered his killing. Haji Maula then produced a
304:) and their officer-in-charge. These people were assigned to report on everything that happened in the houses of the nobles and the public markets. This fear of spies intimidated the nobles, who took great care in not saying or doing anything that could attract punishment.
125:
Over the next few days Alauddin stayed at Tilpat to recover from his wounds. He also made inquiries into the conspiracy against him, and ordered severe punishments against those found guilty. Their wives and children were imprisoned and their property was confiscated.
204:
Alauddin heard about the events in Delhi three days after the beginning of the revolt. He kept the news a secret from his soldiers at Ranthambore, but sent his loyal officer Malik Hamiduddin to quell the rebellion Delhi. Hamiduddin, who held the post of
38:. The rebellion was crushed by Alauddin's loyal officers, and the rebels were executed. The third was staged by an officer named Haji Maula in Delhi. It was crushed by Alauddin's loyal officer Malik Hamiduddin, and once again the rebels were killed.
224:
who had come to Delhi for some court-related work. Haji Maula retreated to the Bhandarkal Gate, where Hamiduddin dragged him from his horse and killed him. He then killed Alavi at the Red Palace and had his head paraded around Delhi on a spear.
277:
Subsequently, Alauddin took steps to remove the four causes of rebellions outlined by his council, as detailed below. These steps had the desired outcome and prevented any serious revolts against Alauddin in the following years.
99:
him with shields. Despite these efforts and his heavy winter clothing, Alauddin received two deep arrow wounds in his arm and fell unconscious. When Akat Khan came closer, Alauddin's guards told him that the Sultan was dead.
163:
of Delhi, had become very unpopular in the city because of his harshness. Taking advantage of his unpopularity, and of Alauddin's absence from Delhi, an officer named Haji Maula decided to take control of Delhi. He was the
371:
Barani further states that there was strict enforcement of these rules. Even when the nobles met each other at the royal palace, they could not talk with ease. They took great care to avoid people with bad reputations.
244:) to determine the causes of these rebellions. The council consisted of Alauddin's loyal officials, including Malik Ainul Mulk Multani, Malik Hamiduddin and Malik A'izzuddin. According to 14th-century chronicler
94:. During one such expedition, his nephew Sulaiman Shah Akat Khan (or Ikat Khan) conspired to kill him in the Badah village near Tilpat. Alauddin had ordered his horsemen to form a circle in order to drive the
65:
in Delhi, prevented the nobles from networking with each other and confiscated wealth from the residents of Delhi. After these steps were taken, no serious rebellions took place during Alauddin's reign.
53:. Alauddin held meetings with his council of ministers to determine the causes of these rebellions. Based on their advice, he took several measures to prevent any further uprisings: he set up an
316:
on alcohol in Delhi. This was motivated by political, rather than religious, considerations. He gave up drinking himself and ordered the royal drinking vessels to be broken in front of the
364:. They were also forbidden from inviting the general public to their houses. Marital relations among their families were allowed only with prior permission from the Sultan. According to
34:
and was beheaded as a punishment. The second was also led by his nephews, this time Malik Umar and Mangu Khan, who started recruiting soldiers to overthrow Alauddin's rule in
1037:
1042:
360:
According to Barani, Alauddin issued an order preventing the nobles, aristocrats and important officials from visiting each other's houses and gathering at
110:, resisted him. When Akat Khan tried to enter the harem, Malik Dinar asked him to present Alauddin's head as evidence of his claim of having killed him.
412:(a territory whose revenues go directly to the royal treasury). However, there were many exceptions to this order; for example, 14th-century chronicler
102:
Akat Khan then went to the royal camp, announced that he had killed Alauddin and proclaimed himself the new Sultan. Several officers welcomed him, but
50:
193:
before the public, claiming that Alauddin had issued an order to kill Bayazid. He also summoned Alauddin Ayaz, the kotwal of the under-construction
261:
Money: When people have money they have time to think about rebellions and conspiracies; when they don't, they are busy earning their livelihoods.
1022:
943:
220:, "appointed" him the new Sultan of Delhi and forced the nobles to pay him homage. He also appointed his fellow rebels to various royal offices.
1101:
396:). Per the council's suggestions, he canceled all these grants to control the monetary supply. The villages that had earlier been granted as
878:
237:
27:
86:, Alauddin decided to lead a stronger force there in 1301. He ordered his other officers from various provinces to bring their armies to
368:, if a noble wanted to put up a guest or arrange a marriage, he had to obtain the Sultan's permission by writing to Sayyid Khan Wazir.
274:
was distressed as a result of the rebellions. His predecessor Jalaluddin had also avoided entering Delhi under similar circumstances.
925:
753:
960:
872:
902:
866:
890:
348:
people to be thrown into dry wells dug near the Badaun Gate. Most of them died, and those who survived were severely injured.
258:
Closeness and kinship among the nobles: if one of them is punished, the others join him because of blood ties and friendships;
919:
212:
Meanwhile, Haji Maula felt that his position was insecure, as he had no claim over the royal throne. He decided to install a
860:
1012:
1017:
159:
A third rebellion happened during Alauddin's Ranthambore campaign. Bayazid Tirmizi, who succeeded Ala al-Mulk as the
30:. The first rebellion was led by his nephew Akat Khan, who tried to assassinate him during a hunting expedition at
990:
978:
746:
1096:
328:
were asked to move out of Delhi, although this meant a loss of revenue for the state. Alauddin also banned
139:
carved out like slices of melon" before being killed. Their family members and followers were also killed.
884:
815:
197:. However, Ayaz refused to oblige, and protected himself by ordering the closure of the Siri gates.
1091:
1070:
966:
931:
739:
300:
831:
169:
790:
687:
386:
173:
103:
937:
168:(superintendent of crown lands) of Bartol, a town in the Doab region. He had earlier served
805:
286:
To ensure that he was not ignorant of the happenings in his kingdom, Alauddin organized an
79:
42:
696:. Vol. 5 (Second ed.). The Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House.
690:(1992) . "The Khaljis: Alauddin Khalji". In Mohammad Habib and Khaliq Ahmad Nizami (ed.).
216:. He abducted a man named Alavi, who was a descendant of a daughter of the earlier Sultan
8:
785:
255:
Liquor, which allows people to form alliances and hatch conspiracies at drinking parties;
843:
795:
731:
719:
697:
413:
267:
147:
984:
83:
896:
766:
762:
713:
691:
380:
After ascending the throne of Delhi, Alauddin had made a number of state grants (
245:
122:. Alauddin then ordered the killing of Akat Khan's younger brother Qutlugh Khan.
23:
19:
972:
317:
180:
95:
90:
near Delhi. While these armies were on their way to Tilpat, he spent his time
1085:
1052:
723:
701:
1047:
1032:
1027:
837:
337:
291:
213:
58:
800:
313:
62:
653:
651:
649:
647:
645:
632:
630:
628:
600:
598:
585:
583:
183:
and had taken up residence in a small house nearby. During the month of
810:
538:
536:
534:
532:
530:
528:
500:
498:
496:
494:
452:
450:
448:
435:
433:
341:
325:
115:
75:
46:
209:, arrived in Delhi the next day, and entered through the Ghazni Gate.
709:
693:
A Comprehensive History of India: The Delhi Sultanat (A.D. 1206-1526)
663:
642:
625:
595:
580:
416:
writes that the villages granted to his ancestors were not canceled.
344:
to get married, although the veracity of this statement is doubtful.
287:
217:
194:
152:
54:
525:
491:
445:
430:
252:
The ignorance of the king about the good and bad acts of the people;
780:
615:
613:
365:
329:
570:
568:
555:
553:
551:
515:
513:
481:
479:
477:
361:
184:
91:
610:
565:
548:
510:
474:
462:
321:
189:
160:
87:
31:
26:
in India, faced three rebellions in 1301 while engaged in the
333:
119:
107:
35:
172:, a former kotwal of Delhi, and enlisted the support of the
392:
352:
selling alcohol and organizing drinking parties continued.
248:, the council listed the four main causes of rebellions:
129:
270:
theorizes that Alauddin did not enter the city, because
281:
761:
686:
669:
657:
636:
604:
589:
542:
504:
456:
439:
312:
Per his council's advice, Alauddin instituted a total
231:
179:
At that time Bayazid was supervising repairs to the
708:
619:
574:
559:
519:
485:
468:
1083:
747:
240:, Alauddin held meetings with his council (
16:1301 rebellions against the Sultan of Delhi
754:
740:
355:
142:
375:
298:), publicly known intelligence officers (
146:
69:
1084:
130:Rebellion of Malik Umar and Mangu Khan
106:, the officer in-charge of Alauddin's
41:Earlier, in 1299, Alauddin's generals
1102:Battles involving the Delhi Sultanate
735:
282:Intelligence and surveillance system
13:
1043:Nabhi-nandana-jinoddhara-prabandha
715:History of the Khaljis (1290-1320)
232:Measures for preventing rebellions
14:
1113:
340:also claims that Alauddin forced
294:system network comprising spies (
1066:
1065:
718:. Allahabad: The Indian Press.
679:
307:
1:
423:
420:Hindu merchants and bankers.
390:) and charitable endowments (
7:
1008:Rebellions against Alauddin
670:Banarsi Prasad Saksena 1992
658:Banarsi Prasad Saksena 1992
637:Banarsi Prasad Saksena 1992
605:Banarsi Prasad Saksena 1992
590:Banarsi Prasad Saksena 1992
543:Banarsi Prasad Saksena 1992
505:Banarsi Prasad Saksena 1992
457:Banarsi Prasad Saksena 1992
440:Banarsi Prasad Saksena 1992
10:
1118:
1061:
1000:
953:
912:
853:
824:
773:
320:. The formerly licensed
170:Malikul Umara Fakhruddin
356:Control over the nobles
143:Rebellion of Haji Maula
28:conquest of Ranthambore
954:Conflicts with Mongols
791:Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq
688:Banarsi Prasad Saksena
620:Kishori Saran Lal 1950
575:Kishori Saran Lal 1950
560:Kishori Saran Lal 1950
520:Kishori Saran Lal 1950
486:Kishori Saran Lal 1950
469:Kishori Saran Lal 1950
408:were re-designated as
376:Confiscation of wealth
156:
774:Generals and officers
151:Southern Gate of the
150:
70:Akat Khan's rebellion
1038:Chanderi inscription
934:(1302-1303 and 1310)
238:siege of Ranthambore
176:-era kotwali staff.
61:network, instituted
1097:Rebellions in India
1023:Massacre of Mongols
786:Ayn al-Mulk Multani
332:and consumption of
74:After his generals
22:, the ruler of the
913:Southern campaigns
854:Northern campaigns
157:
82:failed to capture
51:mutiny near Jalore
1079:
1078:
796:Kamal al-Din Gurg
710:Kishori Saran Lal
268:Kishori Saran Lal
236:While engaged in
49:had also faced a
1109:
1069:
1068:
756:
749:
742:
733:
732:
727:
705:
673:
667:
661:
655:
640:
634:
623:
617:
608:
602:
593:
587:
578:
572:
563:
557:
546:
540:
523:
517:
508:
502:
489:
483:
472:
466:
460:
454:
443:
437:
384:), state gifts (
1117:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1092:Alauddin Khalji
1082:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1057:
1013:Revenue reforms
996:
949:
908:
875:(1299 and 1304)
849:
838:Prataparudra II
820:
769:
767:Delhi Sultanate
763:Alauddin Khalji
760:
730:
682:
677:
676:
668:
664:
656:
643:
635:
626:
618:
611:
603:
596:
588:
581:
573:
566:
558:
549:
541:
526:
518:
511:
503:
492:
484:
475:
467:
463:
455:
446:
438:
431:
426:
378:
358:
310:
284:
246:Ziauddin Barani
234:
228:the rebellion.
155:, now in ruins.
145:
132:
72:
24:Delhi Sultanate
20:Alauddin Khalji
17:
12:
11:
5:
1115:
1105:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1073:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1018:Market reforms
1015:
1010:
1004:
1002:
998:
997:
995:
994:
991:Ravi riverbank
988:
982:
976:
970:
964:
957:
955:
951:
950:
948:
947:
944:Pandya kingdom
941:
935:
929:
923:
916:
914:
910:
909:
907:
906:
900:
894:
888:
882:
876:
870:
864:
857:
855:
851:
850:
848:
847:
841:
835:
828:
826:
822:
821:
819:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
777:
775:
771:
770:
759:
758:
751:
744:
736:
729:
728:
706:
683:
681:
678:
675:
674:
672:, p. 352.
662:
660:, p. 351.
641:
639:, p. 350.
624:
622:, p. 115.
609:
607:, p. 349.
594:
592:, p. 347.
579:
577:, p. 110.
564:
562:, p. 109.
547:
545:, p. 346.
524:
522:, p. 108.
509:
507:, p. 345.
490:
488:, p. 107.
473:
471:, p. 106.
461:
459:, p. 344.
444:
442:, p. 343.
428:
427:
425:
422:
377:
374:
357:
354:
309:
306:
283:
280:
263:
262:
259:
256:
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233:
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144:
141:
131:
128:
71:
68:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1072:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1054:
1053:Thakkar Pheru
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1001:Miscellaneous
999:
992:
989:
986:
983:
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
962:
959:
958:
956:
952:
945:
942:
939:
936:
933:
930:
927:
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921:
918:
917:
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911:
904:
901:
898:
895:
892:
889:
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877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
858:
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852:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
829:
827:
823:
817:
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812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
778:
776:
772:
768:
764:
757:
752:
750:
745:
743:
738:
737:
734:
725:
721:
717:
716:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
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689:
685:
684:
671:
666:
659:
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633:
631:
629:
621:
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591:
586:
584:
576:
571:
569:
561:
556:
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552:
544:
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537:
535:
533:
531:
529:
521:
516:
514:
506:
501:
499:
497:
495:
487:
482:
480:
478:
470:
465:
458:
453:
451:
449:
441:
436:
434:
429:
421:
417:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
394:
389:
388:
383:
373:
369:
367:
363:
353:
349:
345:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
305:
303:
302:
297:
293:
289:
279:
275:
273:
269:
260:
257:
254:
251:
250:
249:
247:
243:
242:majlis-i khas
239:
229:
225:
221:
219:
215:
210:
208:
202:
198:
196:
192:
191:
186:
182:
177:
175:
171:
167:
162:
154:
149:
140:
136:
127:
123:
121:
117:
111:
109:
105:
100:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
67:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
39:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
1048:Amir Khusrow
1033:Alai Darwaza
1028:Rani Padmini
1007:
961:Jaran-Manjur
938:Dwarasamudra
714:
692:
680:Bibliography
665:
464:
418:
409:
405:
401:
397:
391:
385:
381:
379:
370:
359:
350:
346:
338:Amir Khusrau
326:distilleries
311:
299:
295:
292:surveillance
288:intelligence
285:
276:
271:
264:
241:
235:
226:
222:
214:puppet ruler
211:
206:
203:
199:
188:
178:
165:
158:
137:
133:
124:
112:
101:
73:
59:surveillance
55:intelligence
40:
18:
879:Ranthambore
844:Ballala III
832:Ramachandra
825:Tributaries
806:Nusrat Khan
801:Malik Kafur
342:prostitutes
318:Badaun Gate
314:prohibition
308:Prohibition
181:Badaun Gate
118:'s camp at
104:Malik Dinar
84:Ranthambore
80:Nusrat Khan
63:prohibition
43:Nusrat Khan
1086:Categories
840:(Kakatiya)
816:Zafar Khan
811:Ulugh Khan
424:References
207:amir-i-koh
116:Ulugh Khan
76:Ulugh Khan
47:Ulugh Khan
846:(Hoysala)
724:685167335
218:Iltutmish
195:Siri Fort
153:Siri Fort
1071:Category
967:Sivistan
932:Warangal
926:Devagiri
920:Devagiri
834:(Yadava)
781:Alp Khan
712:(1950).
702:31870180
366:Firishta
362:banquets
330:gambling
885:Chittor
873:Gujarat
410:khalisa
322:taverns
185:Ramadan
92:hunting
993:(1306)
987:(1305)
985:Amroha
981:(1303)
975:(1299)
969:(1298)
963:(1298)
946:(1311)
940:(1311)
928:(1308)
922:(1296)
905:(1311)
903:Jalore
899:(1308)
897:Siwana
893:(1305)
887:(1303)
881:(1301)
869:(1296)
867:Multan
863:(1293)
861:Bhilsa
722:
700:
301:barids
296:munhis
190:firman
174:Mamluk
166:shunah
161:kotwal
88:Tilpat
32:Tilpat
979:Delhi
891:Malwa
414:Isami
334:bhang
120:Jhain
108:harem
36:Awadh
973:Kili
720:OCLC
698:OCLC
406:waqf
402:inam
398:milk
393:waqf
387:inam
382:milk
324:and
290:and
96:game
78:and
57:and
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765:of
404:or
1088::
644:^
627:^
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582:^
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400:,
336:.
272:he
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748:t
741:v
726:.
704:.
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