452:), which may be mechanically raised or lowered. The axle is lowered to increase the weight capacity, or to distribute the weight of the cargo over more wheels, for example, to cross a weight-restricted bridge. When not needed, the axle is lifted off the ground to save wear on the tires and axle, and to increase traction in the remaining wheels, and to decrease fuel consumption. Lifting an axle also alleviates lateral scrubbing of the additional axle in very tight turns, allowing the vehicle to turn more readily. In some situations, the removal of pressure from the additional axle is necessary for the vehicle to complete a turn at all.
437:
315:
505:
semi-floating axle features only one bearing, while the full-floating assembly has bearings on both the inside and outside of the wheel hub. The other difference is axle removal. To remove the semi-floating axle, the wheel must be removed first; if such an axle breaks, the wheel is most likely to come off the vehicle. The semi-floating design is found under most ½-ton and lighter trucks, as well as in SUVs and rear-wheel-drive passenger cars, usually being smaller or less expensive models.
368:
424:, but modern rear-wheel drive automobiles generally use a split axle with a differential. In this case, one half-axle or half-shaft connects the differential with the left rear wheel, a second half-shaft does the same with the right rear wheel; thus the two half-axles and the differential constitute the rear axle. The front drive axle is providing the force to drive the truck. In fact, only one wheel of that axle is actually moving the truck and trailer down the road.
2088:
1135:
2078:
1125:
146:
47:
162:
500:
The full-floating design is typically used in most Âľ- and 1-ton light trucks, medium-duty trucks, and heavy-duty trucks. The overall assembly can carry more weight than a semi-floating or non-floating axle assembly because the hubs have two bearings riding on a fixed spindle. A full-floating axle can
487:
In contrast, a semi-floating design carries the weight of the vehicle on the axle shaft itself; there is a single bearing at the end of the axle housing that carries the load from the axle and that the axle rotates through. To be "semi-floating" the axle shafts must be able to "float" in the housing,
427:
Some simple vehicle designs, such as leisure go-karts, may have a single driven wheel where the drive axle is a split axle with only one of the two shafts driven by the engine, or else have both wheels connected to one shaft without a differential (kart racing). However, other go-karts have two rear
333:
In split-axle designs, the wheel on each side is attached to a separate shaft. Modern passenger cars have split-drive axles. In some designs, this allows independent suspension of the left and right wheels, and therefore a smoother ride. Even when the suspension is not independent, split axles permit
504:
The semi-floating axle setup is commonly used on half-ton and lighter 4Ă—4 trucks in the rear. This setup allows the axle shaft to be the means of propulsion, and also support the weight of the vehicle. The main difference between the full- and semi-floating axle setups is the number of bearings. The
492:
which are 3Âľ-round hardened washers that slide into grooves machined at the inner end of the shafts and retained in/by recesses in the differential carrier side gears which are themselves retained by the differential pinion gear (or "spider gear") shaft. A true semi-floating axle assembly places no
329:
A straight axle is a single rigid shaft connecting a wheel on the left side of the vehicle to a wheel on the right side. The axis of rotation fixed by the axle is common to both wheels. Such a design can keep the wheel positions steady under heavy stress, and can therefore support heavy loads.
479:
A full-floating axle carries the vehicle's weight on the axle casing, not the half-shafts; they serve only to transmit torque from the differential to the wheels. They "float" inside an assembly that carries the vehicle's weight. Thus the only stress it must endure is torque (not lateral bending
278:
to the wheels at each end, while the rigid outer tube maintains the position of the wheels at fixed angles relative to the axle, and controls the angle of the axle and wheels assembly to the vehicle body. The solid axles (housings) in this system must also bear the weight of the vehicle plus any
496:
Axles that are pressed into ball or tapered roller bearings, which are in turn retained in the axle housings with flanges, bolts, and nuts do not "float" and place axial loads on the bearings, housings, and only a short section of the shaft itself, that also carries all radial loads.
199:
are provided at the mounting points where the axle is supported. In the latter case, a bearing or bushing sits inside a central hole in the wheel to allow the wheel or gear to rotate around the axle. Sometimes, especially on bicycles, the latter type of axle is referred to as a
279:
cargo. A non-driving axle, such as the front beam axle in heavy-duty trucks and some two-wheel drive light trucks and vans, will have no shaft, and serves only as a suspension and steering component. Conversely, many front-wheel drive cars have a one-piece rear beam axle.
330:
Straight axles are used on trains (that is, locomotives and railway wagons), for the rear axles of commercial trucks, and on heavy-duty off-road vehicles. The axle can optionally be protected and further reinforced by enclosing the length of the axle in a housing.
459:
Lift axles were in use in the early 1940s. Initially, the axle was lifted by a mechanical device. Soon hydraulics replaced the mechanical lift system. One of the early manufacturers was
Zetterbergs, located in Ă–stervĂĄla, Sweden. Their brand was Zeta-lyften.
245:
An even broader (somewhat figurative) sense of the word refers to every pair of parallel wheels on opposite sides of a vehicle, regardless of their mechanical connection to each other and to the vehicle frame or body. Thus, transverse pairs of wheels in an
286:
is made independent from the axles by the function of the suspension system. This is typical of the independent suspensions found on most newer cars, and even SUVs, and on the front of many light trucks. An exception to this rule is the independent (rear)
455:
Several manufacturers offer computer-controlled airlifts so that the dead axles are automatically lowered when the main axle reaches its weight limit. The dead axles can still be lifted by the press of a button if needed, for better maneuverability.
337:
A tandem axle is a group of two or more axles situated close together. Truck designs use such a configuration to provide a greater weight capacity than a single axle. Semi-trailers usually have a tandem axle at the rear.
353:". The primary differences between the two are that chrome-moly steel is significantly more resistant to bending or breaking, and is very difficult to weld with tools normally found outside a professional welding shop.
488:
bearings and seals, and not subject to axial "thrust" and/or bearing preload. Needle bearings and separate lip seals are used in semi-floating axles with axle retained in the housing at their inner ends typically with
400:
between the two half axles. Each half axle connects to the wheel by use of a constant velocity (CV) joint which allows the wheel assembly to move freely vertically as well as to pivot when making turns.
298:(or diffs), but without fixed axle-housing tubes attached. The diff may be attached to the vehicle frame or body, and/or be integrated with the transmission (or gearbox) in a combined
274:
Axles are an integral component of most practical wheeled vehicles. In a solid, "live-axle" suspension system, the rotating inner axle cores (or half-shafts) serve to transmit driving
218:
occur in casual usage, referring to the shaft itself, its housing, or simply any transverse pair of wheels. Strictly speaking, a shaft that rotates with the wheel, being either
334:
the use of a differential, allowing the left and right drive wheels to be driven at different speeds as the automobile turns, improving traction and extending tire life.
191:. On wheeled vehicles, the axle may be fixed to the wheels, rotating with them, or fixed to the vehicle, with the wheels rotating around the axle. In the former case,
508:
A benefit of a full-floating axle is that even if an axle shaft (used to transmit torque or power) breaks, the wheel will not come off, preventing serious accidents.
675:
635:
1264:
1664:
306:. Like a full floating axle system, the drive shafts in a front-wheel-drive independent suspension system do not support any vehicle weight.
2112:
1269:
1171:
282:
In other types of suspension systems, the axles serve only to transmit driving torque to the wheels: the position and angle of the wheel
609:
707:
1657:
1293:
738:
529:
266:
for the overall weight-bearing capacity of a vehicle, and its potential for causing wear or damage to roadway surfaces.
1959:
854:
619:
130:
1650:
864:
295:
111:
1612:
1567:
1452:
1313:
1164:
83:
811:
639:
68:
1328:
1333:
889:
90:
1964:
1303:
578:
420:) which transmits the rotational force to a drive axle at the rear of the vehicle. The drive axle may be a
1851:
964:
2117:
1914:
1904:
1743:
1157:
801:
97:
1861:
1758:
1557:
1387:
1100:
989:
929:
894:
588:
154:
17:
1909:
1886:
1866:
879:
731:
519:
387:
234:. However, in looser usage, an entire assembly including the surrounding axle housing (typically a
1939:
849:
821:
346:
303:
79:
57:
2122:
1808:
1763:
1463:
1427:
1368:
839:
829:
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1259:
64:
35:
1695:
1631:
1338:
934:
869:
192:
31:
1527:
558:
8:
1954:
1728:
1358:
1318:
959:
939:
724:
319:
1591:
704:
1994:
1517:
1308:
1241:
1105:
1010:
553:
548:
464:
263:
463:
The liftable tandem drive axle was invented in 1957 by the
Finnish truck manufacturer
2077:
1823:
1397:
1251:
1124:
899:
834:
786:
768:
615:
383:
302:
unit. The axle (half-)shafts then transmit driving torque to the wheels, usually via
196:
2043:
1803:
1778:
1353:
1298:
1189:
974:
781:
661:
444:
Some dump trucks and trailers may be configured with a lift axle (also known as an
436:
405:
254:
in some contexts. This very loose definition of "axle" is often used in assessing
1752:
1507:
543:
104:
2053:
1979:
1974:
1881:
1876:
1828:
1673:
1601:
1502:
994:
924:
711:
397:
223:
219:
153:
affixed to a straight axle, limiting them to rotate in unison. This is called a
2058:
1969:
1919:
1871:
1793:
1596:
1586:
1547:
1487:
1482:
1447:
1343:
1323:
1274:
1095:
909:
904:
795:
791:
583:
314:
202:
184:
1412:
2106:
2091:
2048:
1989:
1984:
1818:
1703:
1576:
1522:
1497:
1492:
1417:
1392:
1138:
1077:
1062:
1042:
969:
806:
776:
501:
be identified by a protruding hub to which the axle shaft flange is bolted.
2028:
1999:
1934:
1856:
1813:
1738:
1723:
1537:
1422:
1402:
1047:
984:
954:
949:
350:
235:
367:
291:
suspension, wherein the half-axles are also load-bearing suspension arms.
2081:
2033:
2023:
1929:
1788:
1768:
1748:
1733:
1642:
1552:
1532:
1512:
1432:
1206:
1128:
1052:
1025:
1020:
884:
874:
563:
484:, while the hub and bearings are retained on the spindle by a large nut.
480:
force). Full-floating axle shafts are retained by a flange bolted to the
362:
166:
150:
2063:
1949:
1944:
1924:
1798:
1713:
1472:
1437:
1407:
1348:
1284:
1216:
1194:
1180:
1110:
1072:
914:
747:
568:
409:
342:
323:
288:
259:
390:(gearbox and differential) and front axle into a single unit called a
1833:
1773:
1718:
1621:
1231:
1226:
1211:
1198:
1067:
1057:
979:
944:
573:
538:
468:
440:
A dump truck with an airlift pusher axle shown in the raised position
421:
392:
345:
or SAE grade 10xx steel. SAE grade 41xx steel is commonly known as "
299:
255:
1149:
145:
46:
1843:
1626:
1221:
859:
181:
1581:
1477:
489:
481:
283:
662:"Drive Axle Repair & Axle Replacement Service – Axle Doctor"
375:
An axle that is driven by the engine or prime mover is called a
2038:
1236:
1030:
844:
275:
161:
2010:
1896:
1378:
1015:
919:
716:
349:" (or "chrome-moly") while SAE grade 10xx steel is known as "
2014:
1037:
188:
1685:
758:
396:. The drive axle is a split axle with a differential and
493:
side loads on the axle housing tubes or axle shafts.
71:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
474:
309:
2104:
628:
614:(9th ed.). McGraw Hill. 2010. p. 360.
214:On cars and trucks, several senses of the word
1658:
1165:
732:
1672:
1665:
1651:
1172:
1158:
739:
725:
27:Central shaft for a rotating wheel or gear
131:Learn how and when to remove this message
435:
366:
341:Axles are typically made from SAE grade
313:
160:
144:
14:
2105:
226:in fixed relation to it, is called an
1646:
1179:
1153:
720:
520:All pages with titles beginning with
408:cars and trucks, the engine turns a
294:Independent drive-trains still need
69:adding citations to reliable sources
40:
24:
2113:Automotive suspension technologies
1960:Electronic brakeforce distribution
855:Continuously variable transmission
322:wheel used on Japanese high-speed
25:
2134:
698:
530:All pages with titles containing
467:, a company sharing history with
2087:
2086:
2076:
1134:
1133:
1123:
269:
45:
1453:Schwartzkopff-Eckhardt II bogie
56:needs additional citations for
746:
668:
654:
602:
475:Full-floating vs semi-floating
310:Structural features and design
209:
13:
1:
890:Automated manual transmission
611:Mechanical Engineering design
595:
371:Splines on a front drive axle
356:
1965:Electronic stability control
579:Wagon wheel (transportation)
431:
7:
1852:Ackermann steering geometry
965:Semi-automatic transmission
511:
386:cars typically combine the
10:
2139:
1915:Active rollover protection
802:Internal combustion engine
360:
29:
2072:
2008:
1895:
1842:
1694:
1681:
1610:
1566:
1461:
1388:AAR type A switcher truck
1377:
1283:
1250:
1188:
1119:
1101:Hybrid vehicle drivetrain
1088:
1003:
990:Transmission control unit
930:Limited-slip differential
895:Electrorheological clutch
820:
767:
754:
589:Wheelset (rail transport)
180:is a central shaft for a
1910:Anti-lock braking system
1704:Anti-roll bar (sway bar)
880:Dual-clutch transmission
304:constant-velocity joints
30:Not to be confused with
1940:Combined braking system
850:Constant-velocity joint
347:chrome-molybdenum steel
1764:Independent suspension
1428:Krauss-Helmholtz bogie
830:Automatic transmission
682:. The Trucker's Report
441:
372:
326:
248:independent suspension
169:
158:
1784:Multi-link suspension
1443:Radial steering truck
1260:AAR wheel arrangement
439:
370:
317:
164:
148:
1270:Swiss classification
935:Locking differential
870:Direct-shift gearbox
710:7 March 2016 at the
262:, and is taken as a
238:) is also called an
65:improve this article
1955:Electric park brake
960:Preselector gearbox
940:Manual transmission
676:"using a lift axle"
636:"Ring & Pinion"
320:0 Series Shinkansen
1995:Regenerative brake
1518:Klien-Lindner axle
1265:UIC classification
1242:Dual Control Stand
1106:Electric generator
1011:Wheel hub assembly
642:on 4 November 2013
554:List of auto parts
549:Klien-Lindner axle
465:Vanajan Autotehdas
442:
428:drive wheels too.
373:
327:
170:
159:
2118:Rail technologies
2100:
2099:
1905:Automatic braking
1640:
1639:
1543:Road–rail vehicle
1528:Luttermöller axle
1398:Articulated bogie
1252:Wheel arrangement
1147:
1146:
900:Epicyclic gearing
769:Automotive engine
705:Truck Axle Design
559:Luttermöller axle
384:front-wheel drive
250:may be called an
141:
140:
133:
115:
16:(Redirected from
2130:
2090:
2089:
2080:
2044:Outline of tires
1779:MacPherson strut
1667:
1660:
1653:
1644:
1643:
1413:Cleminson system
1174:
1167:
1160:
1151:
1150:
1137:
1136:
1127:
1004:Wheels and tires
975:Torque converter
741:
734:
727:
718:
717:
692:
691:
689:
687:
672:
666:
665:
658:
652:
651:
649:
647:
638:. Archived from
632:
626:
625:
606:
535:
525:
406:rear-wheel drive
398:universal joints
136:
129:
125:
122:
116:
114:
73:
49:
41:
21:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2068:
2017:
2013:
2004:
1980:Hydraulic fluid
1975:Hydraulic brake
1891:
1882:Torque steering
1877:Rack and pinion
1838:
1829:Wheel alignment
1744:Double wishbone
1690:
1677:
1671:
1641:
1636:
1606:
1562:
1503:Equalising beam
1457:
1373:
1279:
1246:
1193:
1184:
1178:
1148:
1143:
1115:
1084:
999:
995:Universal joint
925:Hotchkiss drive
816:
763:
750:
745:
712:Wayback Machine
701:
696:
695:
685:
683:
674:
673:
669:
660:
659:
655:
645:
643:
634:
633:
629:
622:
608:
607:
603:
598:
593:
528:
518:
514:
477:
434:
414:propellor shaft
412:(also called a
365:
359:
312:
272:
212:
137:
126:
120:
117:
74:
72:
62:
50:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2136:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2084:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2059:Whitewall tire
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2020:
2018:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1970:Engine braking
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1920:Brake bleeding
1917:
1912:
1907:
1901:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1872:Power steering
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1848:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1824:Watt's linkage
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1794:Shock absorber
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1759:Hydropneumatic
1756:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1700:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1676:control system
1670:
1669:
1662:
1655:
1647:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1618:
1616:
1613:exhaust system
1608:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1573:
1571:
1568:Exhaust system
1564:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1548:Trailing wheel
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1488:Carrying wheel
1485:
1483:Beugniot lever
1480:
1475:
1469:
1467:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1448:Scheffel bogie
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1384:
1382:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1361:
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1346:
1341:
1336:
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1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1290:
1288:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1277:
1275:Whyte notation
1272:
1267:
1262:
1256:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1203:
1201:
1186:
1185:
1177:
1176:
1169:
1162:
1154:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1131:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1096:Electric motor
1092:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1013:
1007:
1005:
1001:
1000:
998:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
910:Friction drive
907:
905:Fluid coupling
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
826:
824:
818:
817:
815:
814:
809:
804:
799:
796:Plug-in hybrid
789:
784:
779:
773:
771:
765:
764:
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752:
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729:
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700:
699:External links
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653:
627:
621:978-0073529288
620:
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586:
584:Wheel and axle
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510:
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208:
139:
138:
53:
51:
44:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2135:
2124:
2123:Vehicle parts
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2093:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2074:
2071:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2049:Rostyle wheel
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2015:Tires (Tyres)
2012:
2007:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1990:Parking brake
1988:
1986:
1985:Inboard brake
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
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1841:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1819:Unsprung mass
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1687:
1680:
1675:
1668:
1663:
1661:
1656:
1654:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1609:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1569:
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1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1523:Leading wheel
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1508:Gölsdorf axle
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1498:Driving wheel
1496:
1494:
1493:Coupled wheel
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1460:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1418:Grovers bogie
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1393:Arnoux system
1391:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1376:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1304:Bagnall–Price
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1175:
1170:
1168:
1163:
1161:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1140:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1118:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1002:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
970:Shift-by-wire
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
827:
825:
823:
819:
813:
810:
808:
807:Petrol engine
805:
803:
800:
797:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
777:Diesel engine
775:
774:
772:
770:
766:
762:
760:
753:
749:
742:
737:
735:
730:
728:
723:
722:
719:
713:
709:
706:
703:
702:
681:
677:
671:
663:
657:
641:
637:
631:
623:
617:
613:
612:
605:
601:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
544:Gölsdorf axle
542:
540:
537:
534:
533:
527:
524:
523:
517:
516:
509:
506:
502:
498:
494:
491:
485:
483:
472:
470:
466:
461:
457:
453:
451:
447:
438:
429:
425:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
402:
399:
395:
394:
389:
385:
380:
378:
369:
364:
354:
352:
348:
344:
339:
335:
331:
325:
324:bullet trains
321:
316:
307:
305:
301:
297:
296:differentials
292:
290:
285:
280:
277:
270:Vehicle axles
267:
265:
261:
260:vehicle taxes
257:
253:
249:
243:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
207:
205:
204:
198:
194:
190:
186:
183:
179:
175:
168:
163:
156:
152:
149:Railroad car
147:
143:
135:
132:
124:
113:
110:
106:
103:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82: –
81:
77:
76:Find sources:
70:
66:
60:
59:
54:This article
52:
48:
43:
42:
37:
33:
19:
2029:Custom wheel
2000:Vacuum servo
1935:Brake lining
1857:Caster angle
1814:Trailing arm
1739:De Dion tube
1729:Car handling
1724:Camber angle
1708:
1684:Part of the
1683:
1538:Railway tire
1464:running gear
1423:Jacobs bogie
1403:Bissel truck
1192:positioning
1048:Racing slick
985:Transfer box
955:Park-by-wire
950:Parking pawl
865:Differential
840:Direct-drive
822:Transmission
812:Steam engine
757:Part of the
756:
684:. Retrieved
680:Truck driver
679:
670:
656:
644:. Retrieved
640:the original
630:
610:
604:
531:
521:
507:
503:
499:
495:
486:
478:
462:
458:
454:
449:
446:airlift axle
445:
443:
426:
417:
413:
403:
391:
388:transmission
381:
376:
374:
351:carbon steel
340:
336:
332:
328:
293:
281:
273:
251:
244:
239:
231:
227:
215:
213:
201:
177:
173:
171:
142:
127:
118:
108:
101:
94:
87:
75:
63:Please help
58:verification
55:
2064:Wire wheels
2034:Drive wheel
2024:Alloy wheel
1930:Brake fluid
1809:Torsion bar
1789:Panhard rod
1769:Leaf spring
1749:Hydrolastic
1734:Coil spring
1553:Train wheel
1533:Radial axle
1513:Journal box
1433:Mason Bogie
1369:Walschaerts
1207:Cab forward
1026:Alloy wheel
885:Drive wheel
875:Drive shaft
835:Chain drive
686:28 December
564:Portal axle
363:Drive wheel
264:rough proxy
210:Terminology
167:Denney axle
121:August 2018
2107:Categories
2011:Roadwheels
1950:Drum brake
1945:Disc brake
1925:Brake fade
1887:Understeer
1799:Swing axle
1714:Axle track
1696:Suspension
1686:Automobile
1473:Adams axle
1438:Pony truck
1408:Blomberg B
1364:Stephenson
1349:Kuhn slide
1285:Valve gear
1217:Steeplecab
1195:Short hood
1181:Locomotive
1111:Alternator
759:Automobile
748:Powertrain
596:References
569:Powertrain
539:Solid axle
410:driveshaft
377:drive axle
361:See also:
357:Drive axle
343:41xx steel
289:swing axle
256:toll roads
232:axle shaft
91:newspapers
1867:Oversteer
1834:Wheelbase
1804:Toe angle
1774:Live axle
1719:Beam axle
1622:Blastpipe
1339:Hackworth
1232:Cowl unit
1227:Hood unit
1212:Sharknose
1199:Long hood
980:Transaxle
945:Manumatic
915:Gearshift
787:Fuel cell
646:9 October
574:Transaxle
469:Sisu Auto
450:drop axle
432:Lift axle
422:live axle
418:tailshaft
393:transaxle
300:transaxle
18:Rear axle
2092:Category
1844:Steering
1753:Hydragas
1627:Smokebox
1615:elements
1592:Lemaître
1558:Wheelset
1466:elements
1359:Southern
1319:Caprotti
1222:Cab unit
1139:Category
1078:Tubeless
1063:Run-flat
1043:Off-road
860:Coupling
782:Electric
708:Archived
512:See also
490:circlips
197:bushings
193:bearings
182:rotating
178:axletree
155:wheelset
2054:Spinner
1862:Kingpin
1674:Chassis
1632:Chimney
1611:Common
1602:Lemprex
1582:Kylchap
1478:Axlebox
1334:Gresley
1314:Bulleid
1309:Baguley
382:Modern
236:casting
224:splined
203:spindle
105:scholar
2082:Portal
2039:Hubcap
1897:Brakes
1688:series
1597:Lempor
1587:Kylpor
1462:Other
1237:Boxcab
1183:design
1129:Portal
1089:Hybrid
1053:Radial
1031:Hubcap
845:Clutch
792:Hybrid
761:series
618:
276:torque
220:bolted
151:wheels
107:
100:
93:
86:
80:"Axle"
78:
1577:Giesl
1570:types
1381:types
1379:Bogie
1354:Lentz
1329:Gooch
1299:Baker
1294:Allan
1287:types
1073:Spare
1016:Wheel
920:Giubo
522:Axle
185:wheel
112:JSTOR
98:books
1709:Axle
1068:Snow
1058:Rain
1038:Tire
688:2011
648:2013
616:ISBN
532:Axle
284:hubs
252:axle
240:axle
228:axle
216:axle
189:gear
174:axle
84:news
36:Axel
1344:Joy
1324:Gab
1190:Cab
1021:Rim
482:hub
448:or
416:or
404:In
258:or
230:or
222:or
195:or
187:or
176:or
172:An
67:by
34:or
32:Axl
2109::
1197:/
678:.
471:.
379:.
318:A
242:.
206:.
165:A
1755:)
1751:(
1666:e
1659:t
1652:v
1173:e
1166:t
1159:v
798:)
794:(
740:e
733:t
726:v
690:.
664:.
650:.
624:.
157:.
134:)
128:(
123:)
119:(
109:·
102:·
95:·
88:·
61:.
38:.
20:)
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