676:
within the curriculum allows students with dyslexia to achieve a parallel education as their peers who do not have dyslexia or other reading disabilities. These practices provide effective strategies for writing courses to cater to the unique needs of students with dyslexia. For instance, John
Corrigan, a graduate student with dyslexia, indicates that "the best method is one-on-one " from professors or teachers in order to elevate the students' comprehension and strengthen their abilities in the classroom. Additionally, Corrigan states that the incorporation of audible text options are beneficial to students who are developing their writing skills. Corrigan's claim also implies that recorded lectures or self-recording class materials would serve a student with dyslexia. Sioned Exley's study concluded that an alternative approach to implementing inclusive writing practices is through kinesthetic teaching. Exley argues that a student with dyslexia may understand material through visual learning opposed to auditory engagement, as auditory processing tends to be a compromised ability in many people with dyslexia. Implementing inclusive writing practices in the education system, specifically targeting youth education, will pave a route for increased higher-level educational opportunities for individuals with dyslexia in their adult years.
51:
660:. It is estimated that dyslexia affects between 5â17% of the population. Dyslexia has been proposed to have three cognitive subtypes (auditory, visual and attentional), although individual cases of dyslexia are better explained by the underlying neuropsychological deficits and co-occurring learning disabilities (e.g.
1576:
Moojen, SĂ´nia Maria
Pallaoro; Gonçalves, Hosana Alves; BassĂ´a, Ana; Navas, Ana Luiza; de Jou, Graciela; Miguel, EmĂlio SĂĄnchez (April 2020). "Adults with dyslexia: how can they achieve academic success despite impairments in basic reading and writing abilities? The role of text structure sensitivity
675:
Students with dyslexia require a tailored approach in writing courses due to the impact of their neurological condition on their reading, writing, and spelling abilities. This approach is intended to aid their learning and maximize their potential. The incorporation of inclusive writing practices
591:
that may predispose an individual to developing dyslexia." The NINDS definition is not in keeping with the bulk of scientific studies that conclude that there is no evidence to suggest that dyslexia and intelligence are related. Definition is more in keeping with modern research and debunked
690:
Hyperlexic children are characterized by word-reading ability well above what would be expected given their ages and IQs. Hyperlexia can be viewed as a superability in which word recognition ability goes far above expected levels of skill. However, in spite of few problems with decoding,
655:
that manifests itself as a difficulty with word decoding and reading fluency. Comprehension may be affected as a result of difficulties with decoding, but is not a primary feature of dyslexia. It is separate and distinct from reading difficulties resulting from other causes, such as a
1164:
Facoetti, Andrea; Lorusso, Maria Luisa; Paganoni, Pierluigi; Cattaneo, Carmen; Galli, Raffaella; UmiltĂ , Carlo; Mascetti, Gian
Gastone (April 2003). "Auditory and visual automatic attention deficits in developmental dyslexia".
1037:
Pennington, Bruce F.; Santerre-Lemmon, Laura; Rosenberg, Jennifer; MacDonald, Beatriz; Boada, Richard; Friend, Angela; Leopold, Daniel R.; Samuelsson, Stefan; Byrne, Brian; Willcutt, Erik G.; Olson, Richard K. (February 2012).
1087:
Valdois, Sylviane; Bosse, Marie-Line; Tainturier, Marie-Josèphe (November 2004). "The cognitive deficits responsible for developmental dyslexia: Review of evidence for a selective visual attentional disorder".
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are not interrelated, since reading and cognition develop independently in individuals who have dyslexia. "Nerve problems can cause damage to the control of eye muscles which can also cause diplopia."
1324:
Ferrer, Emilio; Shaywitz, Bennett A.; Holahan, John M.; Marchione, Karen; Shaywitz, Sally E. (January 2010). "Uncoupling of
Reading and IQ Over Time: Empirical Evidence for a Definition of Dyslexia".
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significantly lower than expected despite having normal intelligence. Although the disorder varies from person to person, common characteristics among people with dyslexia are difficulty with
1620:
Newman, Tina M.; Macomber, Donna; Naples, Adam J.; Babitz, Tammy; Volkmar, Fred; Grigorenko, Elena L. (5 April 2007). "Hyperlexia in
Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders".
882:
Stanovich, Keith E. (December 1988). "Explaining the
Differences Between the Dyslexic and the Garden-Variety Poor Reader: The Phonological-Core Variable-Difference Model".
1766:
627:
A good indication of the severity and persistence of dyslexic difficulties can be gained by examining how the individual responds or has responded to well-founded
805:
556:
1668:
Grigorenko, Elena L.; Klin, Ami; Volkmar, Fred (November 2003). "Annotation: Hyperlexia: disability or superability?: Hyperlexia: disability or superability?".
1759:
1246:
583:(the manipulation of sounds), and rapid visual-verbal responding. In adults, dyslexia usually occurs after a brain injury or in the context of
1271:
1480:
Exley, Sioned (2004-01-06). "The effectiveness of teaching strategies for students with dyslexia based on their preferred learning styles".
1839:
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Heim, Stefan; Tschierse, Julia; Amunts, Katrin; Wilms, Marcus; Vossel, Simone; Willmes, Klaus; Grabowska, Anna; Huber, Walter (2008).
668:, etc.). Although not an intellectual disability, it is considered both a learning disability and a reading disability. Dyslexia and
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661:
196:
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Dyslexia is a learning difficulty that primarily affects the skills involved in accurate and fluent word reading and spelling.
1981:
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1527:
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McCandliss, Bruce D.; Noble, Kimberly G. (2003). "The development of reading impairment: A cognitive neuroscience model".
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comprehension is poor. Some hyperlexics also have trouble understanding speech. Most children with hyperlexia lie on the
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Taylor, Mark J.; Duffy, Sandi; England, David (27 March 2009). "Teaching students with dyslexia in higher education".
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17:
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Stanovich, K (Winter 1991). "Discrepancy
Definitions of Reading Disability: Has Intelligence Led Us Astray?".
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276:
114:
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Corrigan, John R. (1997). "Teaching
Writing to Dyslexic Students: A Guide for the Composition Instructor".
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It is best thought of as a continuum, not a distinct category, and there are no clear cut-off points.
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587:. It can also be inherited in some families, and recent studies have identified a number of
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Remediation includes both appropriate remedial instruction and classroom accommodations.
657:
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621:
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Burd, Larry; Kerbeshian, Jacob (June 1985). "Hyperlexia and a
Variant of Hypergraphia".
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Birsh, Judith R. (2005). "Research and reading disability". In Judith R. Birsh (ed.).
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Ahissar, Merav (November 2007). "Dyslexia and the anchoring-deficit hypothesis".
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and personal organisation, but these are not, by themselves, markers of dyslexia.
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Characteristic features of dyslexia are difficulties in phonological awareness,
2021:
2006:
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977:[Role of the organ of vision in the course of developmental dyslexia].
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non-neurological deficiency with vision or hearing, or from poor or inadequate
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1040:"Individual prediction of dyslexia by single versus multiple deficit models"
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695:. Between 5â10% of autistic children have been estimated to be hyperlexic.
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1278:. The National Center for Learning Disabilities, Inc. Archived from
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Mental
Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews
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1008:. Baltimore, Maryland: Paul H. Brookes Publishing. p. 8.
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Co-occurring difficulties may be seen in aspects of language,
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Dyslexia occurs across the range of intellectual abilities.
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50:
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27:
Type of learning disability in which reading is impaired
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National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
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1086:
975:"Rola narzÄ
du wzroku w przebiegu dysleksji rozwojowej"
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is a condition in which a person displays difficulty
1403:
1305:Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research
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1543:"Chichester/Fishbourne (West Sussex, England)".
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567:that specifically impairs a person's ability to
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563:as follows: "Dyslexia is a brain-based type of
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1006:Multisensory Teaching of Basic Language Skills
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1622:Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
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1840:Mixed receptive-expressive language disorder
543:. Examples of reading disabilities include
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973:Czepita, Damian; Ĺodygowska, Ewa (2006).
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592:discrepancy model of dyslexia diagnosis:
1444:Teaching English in the Two-Year College
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727:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
662:attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
197:Directed listening and thinking activity
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571:. These individuals typically read at
1982:Learning problems in childhood cancer
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322:Reading differences and disabilities
1926:Developmental coordination disorder
742:Developmental coordination disorder
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1129:Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2095:
1247:"Learning Disorders: MeSH Result"
1787:specific developmental disorders
1494:10.1111/j.0952-3383.2003.00313.x
1125:"Cognitive subtypes of dyslexia"
884:Journal of Learning Disabilities
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547:and alexia (acquired dyslexia).
120:The active view of reading model
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1931:Developmental verbal dyspraxia
1908:Disorder of written expression
1850:Speech and language impairment
1251:nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html
1044:Journal of Abnormal Psychology
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698:
559:defines reading disability or
93:Scientific theories and models
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1:
1179:10.1016/S0926-6410(02)00270-7
787:
772:Scotopic sensitivity syndrome
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550:
1947:Auditory processing disorder
1845:Specific language impairment
1815:Expressive language disorder
1202:Trends in Cognitive Sciences
782:Specific language impairment
737:Auditory processing disorder
603:and verbal processing speed.
7:
1952:Sensory processing disorder
1715:Perceptual and Motor Skills
828:. United Kingdom Government
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10:
2100:
1591:10.1007/s11881-020-00195-w
1577:as a compensatory skill".
1547:. 2013. pp. 169â172.
1378:"Diplopia (Double Vision)"
1214:10.1016/j.tics.2007.08.015
896:10.1177/002221948802101003
849:Reading Research Quarterly
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1418:10.1108/00400910910941291
767:Reading for special needs
344:Reading for special needs
1997:Multisensory integration
1825:LandauâKleffner syndrome
1553:10.4324/9780203059159-40
1348:10.1177/0956797609354084
1167:Cognitive Brain Research
713:List of phonics programs
232:Sustained silent reading
1692:10.1111/1469-7610.00193
581:phonological processing
227:Structured word inquiry
2084:Educational psychology
1992:Management of dyslexia
1456:10.58680/tetyc19973825
1142:10.55782/ane-2008-1674
826:Institute of Education
709:Management of dyslexia
705:Dyslexia interventions
545:developmental dyslexia
150:Phonological awareness
105:Simple view of reading
75:Vocabulary development
2064:Learning disabilities
1865:Speech sound disorder
1520:10.1002/9781119970897
1326:Psychological Science
473:Functional illiteracy
2043:People with dyslexia
1510:Reid, Gavin (2011).
1406:Education + Training
636:Reading disabilities
366:Alphabetic principle
299:Automatic assessment
2038:Dyslexia in fiction
2012:Reading acquisition
1885:Learning disability
658:reading instruction
653:learning disability
565:learning disability
386:History of printing
222:Reciprocal teaching
207:Independent reading
174:Reading instruction
133:Cognitive processes
80:Vocabulary learning
1579:Annals of Dyslexia
1253:. NLM MeSH Browser
949:10.1002/mrdd.10080
618:mental calculation
614:motor coordination
537:reading disability
483:Literary criticism
339:Reading disability
145:Phonemic awareness
110:Science of reading
2079:Special education
2074:Reading (process)
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1972:Dyslexia research
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1830:Language disorder
1562:978-0-203-05915-9
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453:Critical literacy
237:Synthetic phonics
212:Literature circle
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70:Reading readiness
16:(Redirected from
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309:Readability test
277:Words per minute
192:Concept-oriented
182:Analytic phonics
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62:Learning to read
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1308:. Retrieved
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1280:the original
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629:intervention
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338:
267:Slow reading
255:Reading rate
187:Basal reader
1898:Dyscalculia
855:(1): 7â29.
757:Orthography
747:Dyscalculia
699:Remediation
478:Great books
401:Orthography
291:Readability
2058:Categories
1903:Dysgraphia
1870:Stuttering
1794:Conditions
1310:2009-11-07
1301:"Dyslexia"
1286:2009-11-07
1272:"Dyslexia"
1257:2009-11-06
788:References
752:Dysgraphia
703:See also:
686:Hyperlexia
680:Hyperlexia
551:Definition
493:Children's
488:Literature
416:Vocabulary
411:Sight word
334:Hyperlexia
304:Legibility
1678:CiteSeerX
1607:255435267
1464:220956908
1334:CiteSeerX
935:CiteSeerX
2017:Spelling
1987:Literacy
1893:Dyslexia
1783:Dyslexia
1700:14626452
1650:23401685
1642:17048093
1599:32221905
1512:Dyslexia
1460:ProQuest
1364:15568570
1356:20424029
1276:ncld.org
1230:11682478
1222:17983834
1187:12668226
1151:18389017
1110:15573964
1090:Dyslexia
1074:22022952
1024:57652241
991:16883955
957:12953299
912:19788503
832:March 4,
801:dyslexia
721:See also
647:Dyslexia
641:Dyslexia
585:dementia
577:spelling
561:dyslexia
445:Literacy
396:Morpheme
391:Language
381:Grapheme
358:Language
329:Dyslexia
35:a series
33:Part of
1940:Sensory
1743:6158584
1735:3927257
1065:3270218
904:2465364
762:Reading
732:Aphasia
541:reading
426:Writing
406:Phoneme
371:Braille
262:Fluency
217:Phonics
43:Reading
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711:, and
573:levels
2031:Lists
1919:Motor
1739:S2CID
1646:S2CID
1603:S2CID
1382:WebMD
1360:S2CID
1226:S2CID
908:S2CID
865:JSTOR
822:(PDF)
819:"Sir"
806:NINDS
589:genes
1835:Lisp
1731:PMID
1696:PMID
1638:PMID
1595:PMID
1557:ISBN
1524:ISBN
1352:PMID
1218:PMID
1183:PMID
1147:PMID
1106:PMID
1070:PMID
1020:OCLC
1010:ISBN
987:PMID
953:PMID
900:PMID
834:2016
569:read
555:The
1723:doi
1688:doi
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