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309:. In this field, the company would acquire world fame. Its skills in this field also enabled it to become one of the biggest shipbuilders in the world. The story is closely connected to the application of the compound steam engine for marine use, in which the firm played a crucial role. With regard to the compound engine two specific phases can be discerned: 'low' pressure compound engines and 'high' pressure compound engines.
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which was attached to the crankshaft opposite the crank of the other pair. This gave the optimal balance of driving forces that could be attained for this number of cylinders. Furthermore, the cylinders were 'jacketed' at the top and bottom. The jacket heated the cylinder from the outside to prevent condensation in the cylinder. It had been invented by
40:
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In 1886 William Pearce converted the firm to a limited company, the
Fairfield Shipbuilding & Engineering Co. This also entailed a simultaneous name change to Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company, after the old farm. The area of the farm itself was purchased by Isabella Elder in 1885 and
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to lift the ban on boilers with a pressure higher than 25 lbs per square inch (psi). The use of high-pressure steam made the compound engine far more effective, and
Randolph, Elder & Co. quickly adjusted. It allowed the construction of a far simpler two-cylinder compound engine that was even more
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In the 1950s the yard underwent a major £4million modernisation programme which was implemented slowly over a period of ten years to minimise disruption to the yard. In 1963, the
Fairfield engine building division merged with another Lithgow subsidiary, David Rowan & Company, to form Fairfield
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The new owners continued the expansion of the shipyard in 1870 and onwards. Important customers in the 1861-1875 time slot were: the
Pacific Steam Navigation Company for 40 vessels at 2,500,000 GBP, the African Mail Company and British and African Steam Navigation Company for 16 vessels at 500,000
445:
The company became known as John Elder & Co in 1869. When John Elder died in
September 1869 his wife ran the business for a while and renamed it in his honour. In 1869 she sold the company to a new partnership consisting of her brother John Francis Ure (1820–1883), J.L.K. Jamieson (1826–1883)
389:
3 lbs/ihp/h. It amounted to a saving of 30-40 per cent, and this was maintained later on. It made it possible to continue steam navigation on the
Pacific Ocean with profit. In fact, in 1858 the Pacific Steam Navigation Company had 7–8 years old traditional machinery removed from three of her large
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and others in 1905. Sir
Alexander Gracie, who was born in Dunvegan, worked at various other Clydeside shipbuilders before he started at Fairfield in 1896, where amongst other things he worked with Jack Fisher to develop the Invincible class for the Royal Navy, including the Indomitable, which was
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The compound engine with low (as it would later be called) pressure would give
Randolph, Elder and Co its first renown for economic compound engines. The company's attempts centred on trying to prevent energy loss due to friction and premature condensation of steam. In July 1854 the screw steamer
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was started in May 1856. It had two pairs of cylinders, lying so their piston rods were at a 60-90 degree angle. Each pair consisted of a high- and low-pressure cylinder lying next to each other, so they could easily exchange steam. Their pistons moved in opposite directions and drove one crank,
538:
John
Carmichael was manager of the Fairfield yard in 1894. He had been born in Govan in 1858 and had entered Fairfield as an apprentice in 1873. When his apprenticeship was completed seven years later, Sir William Pearce made him head draughtsman, and later he was promoted to assistant manager.
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Rowan Ltd. Soon after the decade-long shipyard modernisation works were completed, Fairfield
Shipbuilding and Engineering Ltd and Fairfield Rowan Ltd were placed into receivership and was subsequently sold by Lithgow's in 1965. Fairfield's Chepstow works was sold to the
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for 8 vessels at 600,000 GBP. Some qualitative notes further explain the leading position of the company at the time. In 1870 it launched Italy, a vessel of 400 feet, 4,200 tons gross measurement and 600 nominal hp. The largest vessel then afloat except for
597:, with a maximum lift capacity of 200 tons. It was acknowledged for many years as the largest crane in the world. It was employed in lifting the engines and boilers aboard ships in the fitting-out basin. The crane was a
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built at Fairfield. In 1909 Sir Alexander became chairman and managing director of the company, posts he held for a decade. Fisher described him as Britain's greatest naval architect. He died in 1933.
365:, but the company was the first to re-apply it, probably because it first understood its purpose. The company then supplied more double-cylinder engines, but with the cylinders completely jacketed.
560:. The vessels were however separated from the buildings and no significant damage was sustained. The cost of the damage was estimated at £40,000 and caused 4,000 workmen to be thrown idle.
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broke out, freight tariffs increased to the point that the price of coal almost doubled there. The directors then conferred with the company, resulting in the 'double-cylinder engine'.
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From 1854 till about 1866 Randolph, Elder & Co. constructed 18 sets of paddle engines and 30 sets of screw engines, all compound. A highlight was the conversion of the frigate
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The Fairfield West Yard had been added at the outbreak of the First World War for submarine construction, but closed after ten years due to severe recession and was demolished by
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did become an enthusiastic customer. In 1855-1856 it operated on the west coast of South America. In that area, fuel was imported from Britain and therefore more costly. When the
810:
613:, with Alexander Kennedy installed as managing director. In 1921 Alexander Kennedy was knighted. Sir Alexander became Fairfield chairman in 1930 and remained so until 1937.
305:(1824–1869) joined the business. Elder had a natural talent for engineering and had also worked at the Napier shipyard. It enabled the company to start diversifying into
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were not enough to persuade others, and from 1854 till about 1866 Randolph, Elder and Co were the only engineers who made compound engines under their various patents.
425:. Other ships soon followed, and the business moved to a new yard at the former Fairfield Farm at the Govan riverside in 1864. From 1861 to 1866 59 ships were built.
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in the First World War and then taken over by the Monmouthshire Shipbuilding Company. The works later specialised in assembling bridges and other major structures.
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was fit with engines by Randolph, Elder & Co. It had a vertical geared compound engine with a patented (January 1853) arrangement of the cylinders. The
237:. At the other end of the scale, Fairfields built fast cross-channel mail steamers and ferries for locations around the world. These included ships for the
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In February 1897 a major fire broke out in the yard. The fire spread rapidly and within ten minutes the vast majority of the buildings, covering several
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and other navies through the First World War and the Second World War. It also built many transatlantic liners, including record-breaking ships for the
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The recently modernised shipbuilding operation was reconstituted as Fairfield (Glasgow) Ltd in 1966, under its founding chairman and industrialist Sir
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were launched for the Royal Mail Company's West India and Brazil trade. Both big steamers almost reached 15 knots on their trials. In 1873 it launched
405:. In 1860 the company started to use surface condensation instead of the jet condenser. In 1862 it increased steam pressure to 40 lbs per square inch.
325:(arms). One was driven by the high-pressure cylinder, the other by the low-pressure cylinder, with the pistons always moving in opposite directions.
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546:, were ablaze with the joiner's, pattern, and fitting shops totally destroyed. Various ships under construction were threatened, amongst which were
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737:, which collapsed in 1971 when a strike and work-in received national press attention. As part of the recovery deal, Fairfields was formed into
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effective than the low-pressure compound steam engine. In 1868 Charles Randolph retired from the firm, and John Elder became sole partner.
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per hour. At the time the lowest rate of consumption in other steamers was about 4-4.5 lbs per ihp per hour. The merits of the engine of
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The imposing red sandstone offices of the Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company on Govan Road, which from 2013, has formed the
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steamers, and replaced by compound engines. It saved 40% in fuel and 30 feet of space amidships because less space was needed for coal.
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In 1839 Mr Elliott joined the firm and it became known as Randolph, Elliott & Co. Elliott died shortly after becoming a partner.
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1921:
329:, a vessel of about 800 tons and 800 ihp made her trials in July 1854. She had a coal consumption of about 3.25 lbs per
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in partnership with his cousin Richard S. Cunliff, who managed the commercial side. By 1834 it built engines and machinery in the
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17:
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On the break-up of British Shipbuilders under denationalisation in 1988, the former Fairfield yard was sold to the Norwegian
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In 1858 the company acquired the Govan Old Shipyard, and diversified into shipbuilding. The first ship was built in 1861 as
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1999:
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2068:
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were about 20% faster than their predecessors, while their fuel consumption was less than half of theirs. In 1871
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1951:
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Charles Randolph founded the company as Randolph & Co. He had been an apprentice at the Clyde shipyard of
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The general breakthrough of the compound engine was not affected by Randolph, Elder & Co., but by
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were paddle-steamers which got this engine, that got patented in March 1856. Construction of that for
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1971:
Whatever Happened at Fairfields? by Sydney Paulden & Bill Hawkins, published by Gower Press, 1969
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528:
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1981:
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582:, the first woman in UK to qualify in naval architecture and to graduate in engineering from the
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and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by
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of 4,820 tons and 650 hp, the second largest merchant steamer then afloat. In 1871
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207:, as it is often known, was a major warship builder, turning out many vessels for the
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by Robert Napier, made her trial in June 1858. Another ship with the same engine was
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450:. It kept the name John Elder & Co. William Pearce became sole partner in 1878.
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in 1966. The marine engine-building subsidiary Fairfield Rowan was closed in 1966.
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and other large wheels for driving machinery, and soon became famous for accuracy.
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to steam propulsion in 1863, and her race against two frigates with engines by
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launched at Fairfield in 1950, was the Royal Navy's first all-welded warship.
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built by John Reid in 1858. On trials fuel consumption for these ships was:
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K13 Memorial | Mitchell Library, Glasgow Collection, Bulletin Photographs
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2182:
The Battleship Builders - Constructing and Arming British Capital Ships
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became the Fairfield manager in 1909. The company also established the
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463:. In 1870-1871 it built two steamers for the London to Aberdeen line:
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Notices of some of the Principal Manufactures of the West of Scotland
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in Manchester. With the knowledge that he acquired, he started as a
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Passenger steam ships for Şehir Hatları (Turkish Maritime Lines):
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Tragic tale behind K13 submarine memorial in Glasgow's Elder Park
2004:
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1005:
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703:, into new ways of improving productivity through new reforms to
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The former Fairfield shipyard continues in operation as part of
2429:
Modern timeline of British shipbuilding companies, 1960–present
832:
2106:
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Some of the better-known ships built by Fairfield's include:
491:
Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company and successors
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in 1934. The Fairfield West yard site was later used by the
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In 1852 the company became Randolph, Elder and Company when
2099:
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were the first vessels ever to be sunk by a German U-boat (
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250:
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but was demolished in 2007 in yard modernisation works.
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Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company, Limited
1778:
1582:
1580:
728:
715:. The era of the Fairfield experiment was captured by
2084:, Ann Fotheringhay, Glasgow Times, 11 September 2021
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2216:
Proceedings of the Philosophical Society of Glasgow
2205:. William Blackwood and sons, Edinburgh and London.
1766:
1754:
1616:
1577:
1565:
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Randolph, Elder and Co starts to build ship engines
1836:Journal of the American Society of Naval Engineers
824:were built at Fairfield's. These ships alongside
2202:A Memoir of John Elder, Engineer and Ship-builder
605:Subsidiary of Northumberland Shipbuilding Company
286:. It was the first serious local manufacturer of
3299:
2198:
1832:"Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company"
1610:
1598:
1559:
1876:
1874:
1842:. American Society of Naval Engineers.: 9 1909.
3353:Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1968
3323:Former defence companies of the United Kingdom
2184:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
2179:
752:
586:worked for the company between 1926 and 1928.
33:Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company
2414:
2280:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1725:"Biography of Sir William Pearce 1st Baronet"
176:Northumberland Shipbuilding Group (1919–1935)
1871:
1719:
1717:
3343:Manufacturing companies established in 1834
1379:launched 13 May 1911 requisitioned as HMHS
3358:Engine manufacturers of the United Kingdom
3318:Defunct shipbuilding companies of Scotland
2421:
2407:
2294:
2287:
2273:
2260:Elder Park, Govan – monument to John Elder
1807:
1790:
674:
627:In 1924, the company bought a shipyard at
2210:Philosophical Society of Glasgow (1879).
1913:
1714:
1518:
1516:
1336:S/S Teğmen Ali İhsan Kalmaz (Yard No:809)
820:Two of three ships that were lost in the
642:
2245:Randolph, Elder and Co at Grace's Guide
2020:"Heritage 1968 Upper Clyde Shipbuilders"
780:
678:
635:in South Wales, previously developed as
494:
408:
655:after it had become entangled with the
609:In 1919 the company became part of the
14:
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3255:
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1821:, Tuesday, February 09, 1897; Page: 12
1804:, Saturday, February 13, 1897; Page: 5
1513:
515:The shipyard's imposing red sandstone
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1649:
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1622:
1586:
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1548:Philosophical Society of Glasgow 1879
1508:Philosophical Society of Glasgow 1879
733:In 1968 the company was made part of
624:in 1944 to build four landing craft.
622:United States Army Corps of Engineers
441:Vast expansion as John Elder & Co
2656:Harland & Wolff Heavy Industries
2162:Studies in Scottish Business History
1919:
647:In 1935 Fairfield was taken over by
257:John Elder & Co and predecessors
249:for developing tourism on the River
245:and some of the early ships used by
2731:Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson
2250:John Elder and Co at Grace's Guide
2180:Johnston, Ian; Buxton, Ian (2013).
2054:
2012:
729:Further decline and nationalization
611:Northumberland Shipbuilding Company
24:
3338:1968 disestablishments in Scotland
2222:. John Smit and Son, Glasgow: 560.
2152:
2065:"Heritage 1973 Govan Shipbuilders"
1982:"Government's shipbuilding crisis"
1900:National Monuments Record of Wales
593:was built for the yard in 1911 by
508:donated to the people of Govan as
25:
3379:
2238:
1896:"Chepstow National Shipyard No.1"
1279:S/S Tarzi Nevin (Bosphorus No.47)
512:, dedicated to her late husband.
456:Stoomvaart Maatschappij Nederland
262:Millwright Randolph & Elliott
3283:British Shipbuilders Corporation
2306:
1324:S/S Anadolu Kavağı (Yard No:805)
1303:S/S Sarayburnu (Bosphorus No.65)
741:in 1972, which was itself later
699:. It became known as the famous
618:National Shipbuilders Securities
432:. Holt succeeded in getting the
342:Pacific Steam Navigation Company
38:
3348:1834 establishments in Scotland
2797:A&P Appledore International
2199:Macquorn Rankine, W.J. (1871).
2126:
2087:
2075:
2038:"What do you know about Govan?"
2030:
2005:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
1992:
1974:
1965:
1944:
1888:
1846:
1824:
1692:
1670:
1339:S/S Turan Emeksiz (Yard No:810)
3071:British Hovercraft Corporation
2949:Fairfield Sh'b. & Eng. Co.
1312:S/S Altinkum (Bosphorus No.74)
1306:S/S Bogazici (Bosphorus No.66)
1282:S/S Dilnisin (Bosphorus No.48)
776:
533:James Pittendrigh Macgillivray
13:
1:
3313:Defunct companies of Scotland
2972:Charles Connell & Company
2621:Hawthorn Leslie & Company
2233:. Blackie & Son, Glasgow.
2067:. BAE Systems. Archived from
2022:. BAE Systems. Archived from
1729:University of Glasgow website
1494:
1297:S/S Tarabya (Bosphorus No.57)
1291:S/S Sureyya (Bosphorus No.51)
1288:P/S Seyyale (Bosphorus No.50)
27:Scottish shipbuilding company
3003:Alexander Stephen & Sons
2630:Caledon Sh'b. & Eng. Co.
2159:Payne, Peter Lester (1967).
487:with engines by John Elder.
272:William Fairbairn & Sons
7:
3333:Marine engine manufacturers
2839:Cammell Laird & Company
2713:Scotts Sh'b. & Eng. Co.
2134:"HMS Worcestershire (F 29)"
1486:side which competed in the
1424:Canadian Pacific Steamships
1413:
1315:S/S Kuzguncuk (Yard No:802)
1309:S/S Halas (Bosphorus No.71)
1300:S/S Nimet (Bosphorus No.58)
1294:S/S Sihap (Bosphorus No.52)
822:action of 22 September 1914
769:in 1999 and is now part of
753:The shipyard as part of BAE
595:Sir William Arrol & Co.
321:was turned by two opposite
96:Merged with others to form
10:
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3088:
3078:
3069:
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2963:
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2925:
2879:
2837:
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2818:
2814:
2811:William Doxford & Sons
2809:
2788:
2783:
2769:
2764:
2760:
2741:
2685:
2683:
2678:
2671:
2663:Ailsa Shipbuilding Company
2661:
2654:
2649:
2634:Robb Caledon Shipbuilding
2619:
2255:Fairfield Heritage Project
1920:Daly, Sarah (4 May 2011).
1285:P/S Hale (Bosphorus No.49)
804:
599:Category B listed building
3368:Former submarine builders
3076:
3067:
3060:
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3022:
3015:
3008:
3001:
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2952:
2947:
2942:BAE Systems Surface Ships
2923:
2918:
2908:
2903:
2896:
2886:
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2881:Vickers Ltd. Shipbuilding
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2624:
2434:
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2303:
1333:S/S Harbiye (Yard No:808)
1330:S/S İnkılap (Yard No:807)
1318:S/S Kanlıca (Yard No:803)
1232:II (John Elder & Co.)
1223:II (John Elder & Co.)
1138:Empress of Britain (1905)
973:Torpedo boat destroyers:
771:BAE Systems Surface Ships
722:The Bowler and the Bunnet
695:who was also chairman of
685:BAE Systems Surface Ships
529:Charles Rennie Mackintosh
527:, with help from a young
501:Fairfield Heritage Centre
423:African Steamship Company
170:
148:
124:
113:
103:
92:
84:
76:
68:Randolph, Elliott and Co.
64:
54:
46:
37:
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3242:
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3236:
3233:
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3227:
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3209:
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3203:
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3182:
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3137:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3095:
2986:John Brown & Company
2932:BAE Surf. Flt. Solutions
2915:Upper Clyde Shipbuilders
2832:Babcock Marine Appledore
2785:Austin & Pickersgill
2757:John Readhead & Sons
2612:
2609:
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2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2459:
1375:Union Castle Line – RMS
1327:S/S Ataköy (Yard No:806)
1321:S/S Pendik (Yard No:804)
1214:I (John Elder & Co.)
735:Upper Clyde Shipbuilders
403:Maudslay, Sons and Field
98:Upper Clyde Shipbuilders
18:Randolph, Elder & Co
3038:JI Thornycroft & Co
2792:North East Shipbuilders
2000:"Parliamentary debates"
1680:. University of Glasgow
1526:. University of Glasgow
1344:Clyde paddle steamers:
707:and the application of
675:Fairfield (Glasgow) Ltd
571:Coventry Ordnance Works
70:Randolph, Elder and Co.
2898:BAE Systems Submarines
2820:Appledore Shipbuilders
2766:Hall Russell & Co.
1266:(John Elder & Co.)
1241:(John Elder & Co.)
1173:(John Elder & Co.)
1170:Koning der Nederlanden
1077:(John Elder & Co.)
799:
765:. The yard passed to
688:
643:Subsidiary of Lithgows
637:National Shipyard No.1
504:
485:HMS Hydra was launched
2888:Marconi Marine (VSEL)
2720:Greenock Dockyard Co.
2687:Ferguson Shipbuilders
2165:. London: Routledge.
1952:"Cabinet Papers 1965"
1854:"5: dorothy rowntree"
1611:Macquorn Rankine 1871
1599:Macquorn Rankine 1871
1560:Macquorn Rankine 1871
784:
709:scientific management
682:
584:University of Glasgow
498:
409:Starts to build ships
144:Sir Alexander Kennedy
3363:British Shipbuilders
3024:Simons & Lobnitz
2991:Marathon (Clydebank)
2927:Marconi Marine (YSL)
2227:Mayer, John (1876).
1484:association football
1369:Marchioness of Lorne
811:adding missing items
747:British Shipbuilders
705:industrial relations
701:Fairfield Experiment
693:Iain Maxwell Stewart
72:John Elder & Co.
3091:Griffon Hovercraft
2651:Harland & Wolff
2096:, The Glasgow Story
1882:"Alexander Kennedy"
1700:"John Elder and Co"
1039:Aircraft carriers:
719:in his documentary
711:methods to improve
575:Yarrow Shipbuilders
573:joint venture with
525:Honeyman and Keppie
34:
3050:Vosper Thornycroft
3043:Vosper Thornycroft
3017:A. & J. Inglis
3010:W Denny & Bros
2893:BAE Systems Marine
2876:Vickers-Armstrongs
2859:A&P Shiprepair
2212:"Obituary Notices"
1922:"Building Bridges"
1524:"Charles Randolph"
1490:from 1877 to 1882)
1440:Empress of Ireland
1432:Empress of Britain
1146:Empress of Ireland
800:
767:BAE Systems Marine
761:group and renamed
745:and subsumed into
739:Govan Shipbuilders
689:
564:Alexander Cleghorn
505:
421:was built for the
399:John Penn and Sons
307:marine engineering
137:Sir William Pearce
108:Govan Shipbuilders
32:
3295:
3294:
3290:
3289:
3083:Griffon Hoverwork
2937:BVT Surface Fleet
2736:Swan Hunter Group
2680:Ferguson Brothers
2673:Ailsa & Perth
2396:
2395:
2295:Shipyards of the
2191:978-1-59114-027-6
2172:978-0-7146-1349-9
1988:. 1 January 2002.
1959:National Archives
1858:Magnificent Women
1819:Isle of Man Times
1802:Isle of Man Times
1787:, pp. 57–58.
1464:Empress of Canada
1456:Empress of Russia
1381:Gloucester Castle
1377:Gloucester Castle
1060:Passenger ships:
519:were designed by
223:-winning sisters
191:, was a Scottish
185:
184:
141:Sir James Lithgow
16:(Redirected from
3375:
3286:
3278:
2977:Scotstoun Marine
2905:Yarrow & Co.
2750:Smith's Dock Co.
2437:
2436:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2400:
2399:
2310:
2289:
2282:
2275:
2266:
2265:
2234:
2223:
2206:
2195:
2176:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2108:
2097:
2091:
2085:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2061:
2052:
2051:
2046:. Archived from
2034:
2028:
2027:
2016:
2010:
2009:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1978:
1972:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1956:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1932:on 20 April 2013
1928:. Archived from
1917:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1878:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1828:
1822:
1816:
1805:
1799:
1788:
1782:
1776:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1721:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1674:
1668:
1662:
1653:
1647:
1641:
1635:
1626:
1620:
1614:
1608:
1602:
1596:
1590:
1584:
1575:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1545:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1520:
1511:
1505:
1472:Empress of Japan
1229:Prins van Oranje
858:Battlecruisers:
815:reliable sources
796:-class Destroyer
580:Dorothy Rowntree
217:Canadian Pacific
130:Charles Randolph
42:
35:
31:
21:
3383:
3382:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3298:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3279:
3276:
3062:Vosper & Co
2910:Y'w. Sh'b. Ltd.
2669:Ferguson Ailsa
2430:
2427:
2397:
2392:
2391:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2299:
2293:
2241:
2192:
2173:
2155:
2153:Further reading
2150:
2149:
2139:
2137:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2117:
2115:
2110:
2109:
2100:
2092:
2088:
2080:
2076:
2071:on 26 May 2010.
2063:
2062:
2055:
2050:on 5 July 2008.
2036:
2035:
2031:
2026:on 26 May 2010.
2018:
2017:
2013:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1970:
1966:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1935:
1933:
1926:Chepstow Review
1918:
1914:
1904:
1902:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1880:
1879:
1872:
1862:
1860:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1817:
1808:
1800:
1791:
1783:
1779:
1771:
1767:
1759:
1755:
1747:
1743:
1733:
1731:
1723:
1722:
1715:
1705:
1703:
1702:. Grace's Guide
1698:
1697:
1693:
1683:
1681:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1663:
1656:
1648:
1644:
1636:
1629:
1621:
1617:
1609:
1605:
1597:
1593:
1585:
1578:
1570:
1566:
1558:
1554:
1546:
1539:
1529:
1527:
1522:
1521:
1514:
1506:
1502:
1497:
1480:John Elder F.C.
1448:Empress of Asia
1416:
1238:Stirling Castle
818:
779:
755:
731:
677:
645:
607:
591:Fairfield Titan
517:Drawing Offices
493:
443:
419:Macgregor Laird
411:
381:2.7 lbs/ihp/h,
377:2.5 lbs/ihp/h,
299:
264:
259:
195:company in the
177:
163:
159:
155:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
71:
69:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3381:
3371:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3293:
3292:
3288:
3287:
3273:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3232:
3229:
3226:
3223:
3220:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3196:
3193:
3190:
3187:
3184:
3181:
3178:
3175:
3172:
3169:
3166:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3106:
3103:
3100:
3097:
3093:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3045:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3020:
3019:
3013:
3012:
3006:
3005:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2974:
2968:
2967:
2965:Kvaerner Govan
2962:
2960:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2883:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2848:
2843:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2787:
2781:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2740:
2738:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2701:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2457:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2425:
2418:
2411:
2403:
2394:
2393:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2292:
2291:
2284:
2277:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2240:
2239:External links
2237:
2236:
2235:
2224:
2207:
2196:
2190:
2177:
2171:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2125:
2098:
2086:
2074:
2053:
2029:
2011:
2008:. 4 June 1971.
1991:
1973:
1964:
1943:
1912:
1887:
1870:
1845:
1823:
1806:
1789:
1777:
1765:
1753:
1751:, p. 162.
1741:
1713:
1691:
1669:
1667:, p. 161.
1654:
1652:, p. 160.
1642:
1640:, p. 158.
1627:
1625:, p. 157.
1615:
1603:
1591:
1589:, p. 156.
1576:
1574:, p. 155.
1564:
1552:
1550:, p. 561.
1537:
1512:
1510:, p. 560.
1499:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1467:
1459:
1451:
1443:
1435:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1384:
1373:
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1371:
1365:
1359:
1353:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
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1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1270:Worcestershire
1267:
1258:
1250:
1242:
1233:
1224:
1215:
1206:
1198:
1190:
1182:
1179:Leicestershire
1174:
1165:
1157:
1149:
1141:
1133:
1125:
1117:
1110:
1102:
1094:
1085:
1078:
1069:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1048:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1027:
1019:
1011:
1003:
995:
984:
983:
982:
971:
970:
969:
961:
953:
945:
934:
933:
932:
925:
914:
913:
912:
904:
896:
885:
884:
883:
875:
867:
778:
775:
763:Kvaerner Govan
754:
751:
730:
727:
697:Thermotank Ltd
676:
673:
644:
641:
606:
603:
492:
489:
465:City of London
448:William Pearce
442:
439:
434:Board of Trade
410:
407:
298:
295:
263:
260:
258:
255:
219:, such as the
183:
182:
174:
168:
167:
165:Marine engines
157:Merchant ships
150:
146:
145:
128:
125:
122:
121:
120:, Scotland, UK
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
94:
90:
89:
86:
82:
81:
78:
74:
73:
66:
62:
61:
56:
52:
51:
50:Public company
48:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3380:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3285:
3284:
3274:
3254:
3251:
3094:
3087:
3084:
3075:
3072:
3066:
3063:
3059:
3056:
3051:
3044:
3039:
3035:
3032:
3031:Barclay Curle
3028:
3025:
3021:
3018:
3014:
3011:
3007:
3004:
3000:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2969:
2966:
2959:
2950:
2946:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2902:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2882:
2877:
2873:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2854:Cammell Laird
2847:
2840:
2836:
2833:
2828:
2827:DML Appledore
2821:
2817:
2812:
2808:
2803:
2802:A&P Group
2798:
2793:
2786:
2782:
2779:
2774:
2767:
2763:
2758:
2754:
2751:
2747:
2744:
2737:
2732:
2728:
2721:
2717:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2706:Scott Lithgow
2700:
2699:Scott Lithgow
2695:
2691:
2688:
2681:
2677:
2674:
2664:
2660:
2657:
2652:
2648:
2643:
2639:
2631:
2627:
2622:
2618:
2615:
2458:
2438:
2433:
2424:
2419:
2417:
2412:
2410:
2405:
2404:
2401:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2353:Barclay Curle
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2302:
2298:
2290:
2285:
2283:
2278:
2276:
2271:
2270:
2267:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2232:
2231:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2204:
2203:
2197:
2193:
2187:
2183:
2178:
2174:
2168:
2164:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2135:
2129:
2113:
2112:"Anchor Line"
2107:
2105:
2103:
2095:
2090:
2083:
2078:
2070:
2066:
2060:
2058:
2049:
2045:
2044:
2043:Evening Times
2039:
2033:
2025:
2021:
2015:
2007:
2006:
2001:
1995:
1987:
1983:
1977:
1968:
1960:
1953:
1947:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1916:
1901:
1897:
1891:
1883:
1877:
1875:
1859:
1855:
1849:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1827:
1820:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1803:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1786:
1781:
1775:, p. 58.
1774:
1769:
1763:, p. 57.
1762:
1757:
1750:
1745:
1730:
1726:
1720:
1718:
1701:
1695:
1679:
1673:
1666:
1661:
1659:
1651:
1646:
1639:
1634:
1632:
1624:
1619:
1613:, p. 38.
1612:
1607:
1601:, p. 20.
1600:
1595:
1588:
1583:
1581:
1573:
1568:
1561:
1556:
1549:
1544:
1542:
1525:
1519:
1517:
1509:
1504:
1500:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1444:
1442:
1441:
1436:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1393:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1383:31 March 1917
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1358:
1354:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1220:Prins Hendrik
1216:
1213:
1212:
1211:Prins Hendrik
1207:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1156:
1155:
1154:Empress Queen
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2161:
2138:. Retrieved
2128:
2116:. Retrieved
2114:. ssMaritime
2089:
2077:
2069:the original
2048:the original
2041:
2032:
2024:the original
2014:
2003:
1994:
1985:
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1967:
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1934:. Retrieved
1930:the original
1925:
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1694:
1682:. Retrieved
1678:"John Elder"
1672:
1645:
1618:
1606:
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1567:
1562:, p. 6.
1555:
1528:. Retrieved
1503:
1488:Scottish Cup
1471:
1463:
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1447:
1439:
1431:
1420:Ocean liners
1404:
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893:Commonwealth
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807:dynamic list
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793:
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743:nationalised
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717:Sean Connery
713:productivity
690:
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241:crossing in
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203:in Glasgow.
199:area on the
193:shipbuilding
188:
186:
161:Ocean liners
114:Headquarters
59:Shipbuilding
47:Company type
29:
3308:River Clyde
2958:Govan Sh'b.
2743:Swan Hunter
2136:. uboat.net
2118:1 September
1936:24 February
1905:24 February
1399:Icebreaker
986:Submarines
872:New Zealand
864:Indomitable
777:Ships built
669:Mabey Group
661:Anchor Line
521:John Keppie
430:Alfred Holt
346:Crimean War
247:Thomas Cook
221:Blue Riband
213:Cunard Line
181:(1935–1965)
153:Naval ships
65:Predecessor
3302:Categories
3079:Hoverwork
2850:Coastline
2642:Henry Robb
2373:John Brown
1785:Payne 1967
1773:Payne 1967
1761:Payne 1967
1749:Mayer 1876
1665:Mayer 1876
1650:Mayer 1876
1638:Mayer 1876
1623:Mayer 1876
1587:Mayer 1876
1572:Mayer 1876
1495:References
1392:Santa Cruz
1263:Willem III
1066:Assiniboia
1045:Implacable
979:Parramatta
977:HMAS
916:Cruisers:
805:This is a
657:insolvency
510:Elder Park
383:Valparaiso
363:James Watt
354:Valparaiso
319:crankshaft
303:John Elder
276:millwright
209:Royal Navy
205:Fairfields
133:John Elder
126:Key people
2383:Beardmore
2358:Henderson
2333:Fairfield
1863:4 January
1470:RMS
1462:RMS
1454:RMS
1446:RMS
1438:RMS
1430:RMS
1403:CGS
1253:TEV
1201:RMS
1185:RMS
1152:RMS
1144:RMS
1136:RMS
1130:Circassia
1128:RMS
1120:RMS
1090:Caledonia
1088:RMS
1051:HMS
1043:HMS
1030:HMS
1022:HMS
1014:HMS
1006:HMS
998:HMS
990:HMS
958:Goldfinch
956:HMS
948:HMS
940:HMS
922:Liverpool
920:HMS
907:HMS
899:HMS
891:HMS
878:HMS
870:HMS
862:HMS
826:HMS
786:HMS
749:in 1977.
633:River Wye
555:RMS
548:HMS
280:Tradeston
270:, and at
104:Successor
3055:VT Group
2694:Lithgows
2328:Stephens
2318:Lithgows
2313:Ferguson
1986:BBC News
1414:See also
1386:Tankers
1348:PS
1261:SS
1247:Volturno
1245:SS
1236:SS
1227:SS
1218:SS
1209:SS
1195:Montrose
1168:SS
1162:Keewatin
1160:SS
1114:Cheshire
1099:Campania
1097:SS
1072:SS
1064:SS
942:Cameleon
649:Lithgows
629:Chepstow
550:Argonaut
469:Ban Righ
454:GBP and
446:and Sir
243:Istanbul
239:Bosporus
227:Campania
179:Lithgows
149:Products
55:Industry
2778:A&P
2378:Lobnitz
2348:Connell
2338:H&W
1884:. 2004.
1482:(works
1405:Stanley
1357:Jupiter
1203:Orontes
1187:Lucania
1122:Cilicia
1082:Athenia
1074:Arizona
1053:Theseus
929:Norfolk
901:Valiant
852:Aboukir
788:Delight
759:Kværner
659:of the
631:on the
477:Moselle
387:Admiral
367:Admiral
335:Brandon
327:Brandon
315:Brandon
284:Glasgow
234:Lucania
85:Defunct
77:Founded
3271:2010s
3268:2000s
3265:1990s
3262:1980s
3259:1970s
3256:1960s
2455:2010s
2452:2000s
2449:1990s
2446:1980s
2443:1970s
2440:1960s
2363:Inglis
2343:Yarrow
2323:Scotts
2188:
2169:
2140:10 May
1255:Wahine
880:Renown
844:Cressy
794:Daring
481:Iberia
379:Callao
371:Callao
323:cranks
172:Parent
3328:Govan
2388:Seath
2368:Denny
2297:Clyde
1955:(PDF)
1734:5 May
1706:5 May
1684:5 May
1530:5 May
966:Maori
950:Comet
828:Hogue
813:with
544:acres
473:Tagus
415:No 14
201:Clyde
197:Govan
118:Govan
2869:CLSS
2864:NWSL
2846:VSEL
2186:ISBN
2167:ISBN
2142:2021
2120:2022
1938:2012
1907:2012
1865:2023
1736:2020
1708:2020
1686:2020
1532:2020
1422:for
1390:ARA
1363:Juno
964:HMS
909:Howe
850:HMS
842:HMS
791:, a
589:The
567:FRSE
553:and
475:and
467:and
401:and
385:and
375:Inca
358:Inca
352:and
350:Inca
340:The
251:Nile
232:RMS
230:and
225:RMS
215:and
187:The
93:Fate
88:1968
80:1834
3277:BSC
2920:YSL
1367:PS
1361:PS
1355:PS
1193:SS
1177:SS
1105:PS
1032:L56
1024:L55
1016:L16
1008:L15
1000:K14
992:K13
838:).
835:U-9
833:SM
651:of
523:of
331:ihp
288:cog
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