509:, a requirement that employers must engage at least 50 per cent of native-born Cuba workers, a minimum wage for cutting sugar cane, the creation of a Department of Labor, the compulsory arbitration of labor dispute, the suspension of the Chase loan (taken out during Machado's mandate), the granting of an unlimited sugar quota (Zafra Libre) to small mills up to 60,000 bags, reduction of electricity rates and the initiation of a program for agrarian reform and authorization for the coinage of $ 20 Million in silver
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other members of the Cuban opposition regarding a potential change in government without the knowledge or public sanctioning of Grau's administration. In addition to the political struggles, the dire state of the economy due to the
Depression of the 1930s and the massive debt left over by Machado's
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It is becoming increasingly apparent that
President Batista intends to discomfit the incoming Administration in every way possible, particularly financially. A systematic raid on the Treasury is in full swing with the result that Dr. Grau will probably find empty coffers when he takes office on
512:
Despite the government's progressive agenda, the government faced significant political power struggles. On the one hand it was not recognized by the U.S. government, secondly there were still other groups especially members of the traditional parties such as the
Liberal, Conservative and Union
505:. The One Hundred Days government is mainly remembered for left-leaning or progressive reforms such as the establishment of the 8-hour work day as per Grau's presidential decree no. 1693, a raise of minimum wage, nationalization of Cuban Electric Company, granting autonomy to the
482:
for
Secretary of Government, Ramiro Copablanca for Secretary of the Presidency, Germán Álvarez Fuentes for Secretary of Agriculture, Joaquin del Rio Balamaseda for Secretary of Justice, Julio Aguado for Secretary of War & Navy, Gustavo Moreno for Secretary of Public Works and
528:
Eventually
Batista would force Grau's resignation on 15 January 1934. Grau, however, still maintained significant power throughout the beginning of his presidency and on one occasion various ranking members of Grau's cabinet as well as students from the
806:
Libro De Cuba, Una
Enciclopedia Ilustrada Que Abarca Las Artes, Las Letras, Las Ciencias, La Economia, La Politica, La Historia, La Docencia, y El Progreso General De La Nación Cubana - Edicion Conmemorative del Cincuentenario de la Republica de Cuba,
569:. For much of the Constitutional Convention, he served as the presiding officer (even after his coalition was pushed into the minority after the defection of one of the parties that formed it). He would eventually come to be replaced by
414:
His parents were, Francisco Grau Vinals and Pilar San Martin y del
Collado. Grau's father, a rich tobacco grower, wanted Ramón to continue in his footsteps, but Ramón himself wanted to be a doctor. He studied at the
592:, Batista's handpicked successor, and served until 1948. Despite his initial popularity in 1933, accusations of corruption tainted his administration's image, and a sizable number of Cubans began to distrust him.
608:
October 10. It is blatant that
President Batista desires that Dr. Grau San Martin should assume obligations which in fairness and equity should be a matter of settlement by the present Administration.
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Nacionalista parties as well as the ABC who either did not support Grau's government or wanted a more inclusive administration. Finally, while the Army Chief of Staff
466:
and after intensive debate between various proposed candidates, it was agreed that Ramón Grau would be the next president. Grau's presidency became known as the
629:. Grau ran for president in the 1954 and 1958 Batista-sponsored elections but withdrew just prior to each election day, claiming government fraud. After the
595:
As Grau assumed the presidency, he was forced to address many financial problems left by his predecessor, Batista. In a 17 July 1944 dispatch to the
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The One
Hundred Days government was in part a mixture of reformist-moderate minded individuals such as Grau and radicals including
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degree, then expatriated to Europe in order to expand his medical knowledge. He returned to Cuba in 1921 and became a professor of
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The Cuban
Democratic Experience: The Autentico Years 1944–1952, University Press of Florida, 2000. Dr.Charles D.Ameringer.
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839:"En Defensa Del Autenticismo"- Aracelio Azcuy y Cruz, Julio 1950, La Habana, 135 pages, P. Fernandez y Cia.
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Foreign Relations of the United States: Diplomatic Papers, 1933. The American Republics: Volume V, p. 468
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Rodriguez Garcia, Rolando. "La revolución que no se fue a bolina, Editorial Ciencias Sociales, 2013."
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administration, there was also the issue of the army officials regrouping and setting up camp in the
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580:. Most independent observers at the time qualified the 1940 election as free and fair elections.
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wanted Batista removed or assassinated. This was partly because Batista was holding talks with
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who was interim president for one day) born during Spanish rule. He is sometimes called
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http://images.library.wisc.edu/FRUS/EFacs/1933v05/reference/frus.frus1933v05.i0010.pdf
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government ( 5–10 September 1933). Thereafter, on 9 September 1933, members of the
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751:"El Directorio Estudiantil Universitario de 1930 | Salvador Vilaseca Forné"
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In the 1920s, he was involved with the student protests against then-President
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from 1933 to 1934 and from 1944 to 1948. He was the last president (other than
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557:(1915– 2000), served as First Lady of Cuba during his first presidency.
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https://ufdcimages.uflib.ufl.edu/UF/00/02/90/10/02066/8_octubre_1944_41.pdf
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In 1947, Cuba was the only Western country to vote against the creation of
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In 1944, Grau won the popular vote in the presidential election, defeating
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394:(13 September 1881 – 28 July 1969) was a Cuban physician who served as
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Assembly Votes Palestine Partition; Margin is 33 to 13; Arabs walk out
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Fulgencio Batista: Volume 1, From Revolutionary to Strongman.
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and maintained a low profile. He died there on 28 July 1969.
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In 1940 Grau ran in the presidential election and lost to
454:, Grau initially became one of the five members of the
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81:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
619:After turning over the presidency to his protégé,
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818:Rutgers University Press, Rutgers, New Jersey.
42: and the second or maternal family name is
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1105:acted as president during part of this term.
854:The Cuban Revolution, a Critical Perspective
255:10 September 1933 – 15 January 1934
727:. Foreign Policy Association. 12 July 2021.
884:
870:
478:Carlos E. Finlay for Secretary of Health,
190:10 October 1944 – 10 October 1948
163:
141:Learn how and when to remove this message
27:Two-time president of Cuba (1881 - 1969)
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14:
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686:"Grau San Martin Leaves Cuba In Plane"
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692:. The United Press. 28 September 1934
637:in 1959, Grau retired to his home in
565:Grau was instrumental in passing the
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544:Battle of the Hotel Nacional of Cuba
531:Directorio Estudiantil Universitario
460:Directorio Estudiantil Universitario
79:adding citations to reliable sources
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276:Carlos Manuel de Céspedes y Quesada
24:
1135:People from Pinar del Río Province
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549:In 1934 Grau went on to found the
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464:Palacio de los Capitanes Generales
462:met in the Hall of Mirrors in the
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1140:Cuban people of Catalan descent
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66:needs additional citations for
1160:20th-century Cuban politicians
1155:World War II political leaders
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525:, and other political groups.
470:and ended on 15 January 1934.
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1145:Partido Auténtico politicians
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419:and graduated in 1908 with a
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804:Otero, Juan Joaquin (1954).
34:, the first or paternal
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497:One Hundred Days Government
491:One Hundred Days government
468:One Hundred Days Government
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724:Problems of the New Cuba
487:for Secretary of State.
265:Antonio Martinez Esqueda
220:Raul de Cardenas Echarte
814:Argote-Freyre, Frank.
597:U.S. Secretary of State
590:Carlos Saladrigas Zayas
571:Carlos Márquez Sterling
503:Antonio Guiteras Holmes
485:Manuel Marquez Sterling
480:Antonio Guiteras Holmes
404:Raymond Grau San Martin
209:Raul Lopez del Castillo
918:US occupation, 1906–09
610:
540:Hotel Nacional de Cuba
328:Pinar del Río Province
605:
452:1933 Cuban Revolution
392:Ramón Grau San Martín
311:Ramón Grau San Martín
757:on 24 September 2015
690:The Pittsburgh Press
561:Constitution of 1940
507:University of Havana
429:University of Havana
417:University of Havana
400:Carlos Manuel Piedra
373:University of Havana
243:Carlos Prío Socarrás
205:Carlos Prio Socarras
201:Felix Lancis Sanchez
75:improve this article
546:on 2 October 1933.
1150:Presidents of Cuba
893:Presidents of Cuba
599:, U.S. Ambassador
521:, U.S. Ambassador
446:Revolution of 1933
421:Doctor of Medicine
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1046:Presidents of the
955:Pentarchy of 1933
578:Fulgencio Batista
551:Partido Auténtico
523:Jefferson Caffery
515:Fulgencio Batista
456:Pentarchy of 1933
396:President of Cuba
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362:Partido Auténtico
321:13 September 1881
231:Fulgencio Batista
178:President of Cuba
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555:Pola Grau Alsina
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759:. Retrieved
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694:. Retrieved
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635:Fidel Castro
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406:in English.
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343:(1969-07-28)
341:28 July 1969
332:Spanish Cuba
288:Carlos Hevia
283:Succeeded by
250:
238:Succeeded by
185:
137:
128:
118:
111:
104:
97:
90:"Ramón Grau"
85:
73:Please help
68:verification
65:
48:
43:
39:
32:Spanish name
1130:1969 deaths
1125:1881 births
667:Polita Grau
659:Cuba portal
626:coup d'état
621:Carlos Prío
271:Preceded by
226:Preceded by
1119:Categories
1083:Díaz-Canel
1076:Presidents
1067:Díaz-Canel
905:Presidents
673:References
450:After the
425:physiology
410:Background
378:Occupation
369:Alma mater
317:1881-09-13
157:Ramón Grau
131:April 2010
101:newspapers
44:San Martín
18:Ramon Grau
1095:* Interim
1062:R. Castro
1057:F. Castro
811:(Spanish)
696:5 January
292:(Interim)
251:In office
186:In office
1037:Dorticós
1020:Alliegro
989:M. Gómez
977:Mendieta
950:Céspedes
924:J. Gómez
826:. 2006.
761:19 March
645:See also
603:stated:
324:La Palma
30:In this
1103:Domingo
1032:Urrutia
1014:Batista
999:Batista
944:Herrera
939:Machado
912:Estrada
427:at the
115:scholar
36:surname
1026:Piedra
994:Laredo
983:Barnet
929:García
833:
822:
639:Havana
614:Israel
348:Havana
117:
110:
103:
96:
88:
965:Hevia
934:Zayas
122:JSTOR
108:books
1009:Prío
1004:Grau
960:Grau
897:list
831:ISBN
820:ISBN
763:2015
698:2015
352:Cuba
338:Died
307:Born
94:news
40:Grau
77:by
38:is
1121::
1101:^
688:.
616:.
573:.
442:.
431:.
350:,
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326:,
1028:*
1022:*
1016:^
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979:*
973:*
967:*
946:‡
899:)
895:(
885:e
878:t
871:v
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765:.
700:.
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315:(
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138:(
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129:(
119:·
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98:·
71:.
46:.
20:)
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